You can often observe how the fruits on the trees first begin to rot and then dry out. You can fight this disease with a urea solution, starting in the fall, and then repeat in early spring.
Spraying trees with urea in the fall will prevent their disease next year.
Spraying with urea begins when 50-75% of the leaves of the trees in the garden have fallen. Precaution is not at all superfluous, since the dosage is horse-dose, 600-700 g of urea per 10 liters of water. If leaf fall has not yet begun, the foliage will burn and the trees will not survive the winter well.
It is believed that this treatment replaces spraying with 3% Bordeaux mixture, although in early spring it is still better to spray the garden with Bordeaux mixture. But urea has an important advantage - it is harmless and quickly decomposes in air.
In addition, not only trees are sprayed with urea, but also the soil under them, which heals the garden and accelerates the decomposition of fallen leaves. This method works great against infection and can even kill some of the pests that have gathered to spend the winter on trees. True, it all depends on the quality of processing.
Spray the trees in calm weather with fine-droplet jets, trying to evenly water the trees with foliage on both sides.
No matter how good spraying with urea is, it does not cancel subsequent garden treatments in summer and spring. Although it can replace spring spraying of the garden with Bordeaux mixture. The effect of spraying can be enhanced by sanitary pruning and careful collection of plant debris in the garden.
Heaps of garbage, remains of branches after pruning - everything must be burned so as not to leave refuges for infection and pests.
It will also be useful to remove dead bark from the trunks by first laying film or cloth under the trees. All cleaning is also sent to the fire.
Sometimes you can observe on fruit trees how the fruits first rot and then gradually dry out on the branches. You can help the trees by spraying them with urea in the fall. This disease can be prevented partially or completely, depending on the extent to which the garden is affected.
In early spring, the treatment can be repeated even before the buds bloom on the branches. I spray trees in the fall with urea, dissolving it in a 500-600 g bucket of water. This disease is contagious and can persist in fallen leaves and fruits, on the ground and in grass growing nearby. Therefore, I carefully spray not only the trees, but also the ground around. I filter the solution through a triple layer of gauze so that the spray is fine and does not clog the nozzle.
I repeat the treatment in early spring, and my garden is practically free of this disease.
Use of urea in autumn
Urea or urea is a product of the synthesis of ammonia and carbon dioxide. It is produced in the form of small granular solid white crystals. The nitrogen contained in this fertilizer is necessary for the normal development and growth of plants. A deficiency of this chemical element leads to a deterioration in the appearance of trees and a decrease in yield.
Autumn weather is characterized by increased humidity and decreased temperatures. It is these climatic conditions that are favorable for the development of infections and various diseases of fruit trees. By treating with urea, such negative effects can be avoided.
Apple trees, cherries, pears, apricots and sweet cherries need spraying not only if they are clearly infected with parasites, but also for preventive purposes. Such procedures provide the trees with strength, health, intense flowering and a high probability of fruit set.
Treatment of plants prevents the development of the following diseases:
- scab;
- putrefactive processes;
- spotting;
- reproduction of parasites;
- fungal infections.
Urea effectively fights the listed pathologies, improves the condition of plants, and increases productivity.
Deadlines for depositing
The ideal time for processing is considered to be late autumn. It is recommended to start it when there are practically no leaves left on the trees. Otherwise, the concentrated composition can cause burns and premature leaf fall. As a result, the tree becomes vulnerable to frost damage.
Experienced gardeners treat the garden with urea in late October - early November. All leaves from trees and bushes are carefully collected and burned. This helps to destroy all pests that are preparing for winter. After this, dead fragments of bark and lichens are removed. Covering the trunks with a layer of whitewash disinfects the surfaces and protects even from extreme cold.
Treatment is carried out only in dry weather in the complete absence of wind. If it rains on the day the procedure was performed, all manipulations will have to be repeated.
Preparation of the drug
To work you need urea, water, a ladder and a garden sprayer. For 10 liters of water you will need at least 500 g of urea. The mixture is thoroughly mixed and then filtered through cheesecloth several times.
A mixture of urea and copper sulfate will be especially effective in the fight against insects parasitizing in the bark. To prepare, you will need 700 g of urea and 50 g of copper sulfate, which are diluted in a bucket of water (10 l). This composition performs 2 functions at once: destroying pests and replenishing the soil.
Attention should also be paid to garden trees, especially if they already have bark diseases. The affected fragments are carefully removed so that the urea penetrates more actively into the areas where the parasites live. The foliage does not break off, even if it has pathogenic signs. After wintering, leaves sprayed with urea solution will become safe compost for plants.
Before processing, there are several important recommendations to consider:
- Do not spray the garden if the air temperature drops below +5°C;
- dead areas of bark are removed with a special metal brush, dried and rotten branches are cut off;
- cracks in the trunk are inspected, and any insects found are destroyed.
The soil under trees and shrubs must be dug up and loosened. Not only plants, but also fallen leaves are subject to treatment.
Spraying trees
Spraying should cover the trunks and crowns of plants as much as possible. If they already show signs of disease, special attention is paid to the affected areas. Some gardeners rake and burn leaves. But you don’t have to remove it, but treat it thoroughly with urea. The drug destroys pests and infectious agents, promotes rapid decomposition of leaves. As a result, they turn into an excellent natural fertilizer for the garden.
When performing the procedure, it is important to adhere to several rules:
- Spraying is carried out only after preliminary preparation has been completed: digging up the soil, removing affected branches, whitewashing.
- A dry, sunny day with no wind is suitable for processing. If the weather is hot, you should start work early in the morning or after sunset.
- The preparation and use of the solution is carried out only in protective gloves, glasses and clothing.
- The most effective spraying is done using a special sprayer. This device allows you to process even the tallest plants.
- When working, you should not spare the composition, since it will not cause any harm to trees and shrubs.
- If precipitation occurs immediately after treatment, the procedure is repeated. Otherwise, the desired result will not be achieved.
Branches, trunks and soil are treated with urea. It is important to adhere to the recommended dosage. A high concentration of the solution burns the plants and provokes early leaf fall. As a result, trees will receive fewer nutrients and will be more susceptible to low temperatures.
Application to the soil
Urea is also suitable for caring for various ornamental and fruit trees and shrubs. This universal product is applied to the soil to feed and protect plants from parasites. Currently, urea is considered one of the most popular fertilizers. Urea is safe and highly effective, which explains the high demand from consumers. The cost of fertilizing is an order of magnitude higher compared to nitrogen-containing analogues. The fact is that urea is not a natural compound. It is extracted through a synthesis process from carbon dioxide and ammonia. Experts are confident that the price fully justifies the quality of the fertilizer.
Nitrogen starvation in plants is manifested by several pronounced signs:
- slow growth of seedlings;
- curling and yellowing of leaves;
- weak flowering, lack of ovaries;
- low yield, early fruit shedding.
Fertilizer is applied in the morning or evening, always on a dry day. If it is raining outside, it is worth rescheduling the work to another time. A solution is often used; for preparation it is necessary to dilute 30–40 g of urea in 10 liters of water.
Why does an apple tree need urea?
Urea or urea is a concentrated fertilizer with a high nitrogen content. In appearance it resembles dry crystals, snow-white or with a yellowish tint. The fertilizer is odorless, quickly dissolves in water, and absorbs moist air well. For ease of storage and use, urea is often produced in the form of small granules. This chemical compound does not occur naturally in nature; it is a synthetic fertilizer produced by the synthesis of carbon dioxide and ammonia.
Urea serves as a good fertilizer for apple trees. The main advantage is the nitrogen content, which is quickly absorbed by the root system of the tree. As a result, seedlings grow quickly, acquire a healthy appearance, and tolerate frost well. With nitrogen starvation, yields are significantly reduced, and fruits fall prematurely.
The cost of such fertilizing is slightly higher compared to other nitrogen-containing compounds. Many gardeners are confident that the price-quality ratio is optimal.
Autumn spraying with urea is necessary for:
- extermination of pests that are preparing for winter (aphids, stalks, mites);
- preventing the development of various diseases: rot, fungal infection, scab and others.
In addition to the listed advantages, urea is an effective fertilizer that provides apple trees with all the necessary substances.
Dosages for application to soil:
- For potatoes, various varieties of onions, tomatoes, cabbage, and sweet peppers, no more than 20 - 25 g of urea per 1 m² will be required.
- For feeding cucumbers and legumes – 5 – 8 g per m².
- Gooseberry bushes are fertilized with urea diluted in water in proportions of 10 g per bucket of water (10 l).
- For strawberries, blackberries, and garden strawberries, you need to dissolve about 35 g of urea in 10 liters of water. Each plant should have at least 1 liter of ready-made solution.
- Zucchini, squash, eggplant need 10 - 12 g per 1 m².
- Currants will bear more fruit if you water them with urea solution (20 g per bucket of water).
If necessary, fruit trees are fertilized during the fruiting period. Apple trees are watered with a mixture of 230 - 250 g per bucket of water. Plums and cherries are fed with a less concentrated solution: 120 - 150 g of urea per bucket of water. It is not necessary to dilute the fertilizer with water. You can add dry crystals, but then you need to water abundantly.
If garden plants are fertilized with organic substances, the application rates of urea are reduced by 1/3 or 2 times. It all depends on the amount of organic matter.
Safety precautions
The work is carried out using a special spray gun, which thoroughly sprays the necessary substances. To protect your health from the negative effects of pesticides, you should take the following precautions:
prepare and spray the solution only while wearing protective gloves, goggles and a respirator; all work is carried out only on a windless, dry day; After completing the procedures, you must thoroughly wash your hands and face, and immediately wash all work clothes.
Safety regulations are mandatory to follow.
Conclusion
Treating the garden with urea is not a difficult task, but it is effective. Proper implementation of the procedure will protect trees from many diseases and pests. Due to its nitrogen content, urea activates plant growth, productivity and resistance to negative factors.
When working with urea, keep the following in mind:
- Urea belongs to organic compounds, but is considered a mineral nitrogen-containing fertilizer.
- The effect of urea begins immediately and has a long period.
- Urea for gardening as a fertilizer is applied directly to the soil, since it has the ability to weather.
- It is used in any soil, including in protected conditions (in greenhouses and hotbeds).
- Shows good effectiveness on waterlogged soils.
- In soils with high biological activity, urea loses less nitrogen, which cannot be said about alkaline and neutral soils.
- Once in the soil, urea is converted into ammonium carbonate (ammonium carbonate).
- It is the most effective and safe nitrogenous fertilizer for garden plants in the summer - it does not burn the foliage even if the dosage is incorrect.
- Another very useful property of urea is that it slows down the growing season - trees begin to flower later, and this helps to avoid the death of ovaries from spring frosts. This is especially effective for early ripening varieties of peaches, plums, and apricots.
- During the period when buds are forming on the trees, treatment with urea solves the problem with many pests and various diseases.
- Spring treatment of the garden with urea helps protect trees from frost.
- Urea is useless when dealing with old stumps; it is not capable of destroying them completely, but will only contribute to rotting.
- Under no circumstances mix urea with other fertilizers and minerals - chalk, simple superphosphates, lime.
How to spray bushes and trees in autumn
Among gardeners, the most popular treatment of plants after harvesting is 1% Bordeaux mixture. This product helps destroy dangerous fungi - the causative agents of scab, powdery mildew, rot and other diseases. Using a special pressure cylinder or spray bottle, thoroughly spray all fruit trees, berry bushes (including strawberries), as well as perennial ornamental crops.
After leaf fall, but no later than the end of October, the crown of bushes and trees and the soil under them are sprayed with a solution of urea (urea). This is an excellent prevention of scab and spotting.
How to spray trees with urea
It is best to carry out autumn spraying with the onset of cold weather. Already after the first frost, at the end of autumn, you can start. I prepare urea with a 5% solution, which contains almost half nitrogen.
Spraying trees with urea in the fall helps to cope with many infectious and fungal diseases. It completely destroys them, but for prevention, spraying must be repeated in early spring.
I spray all the fruit trees, of which there are quite a few in my garden. These are apple trees, pears, plums, and cherries that need emergency help. At the same time, if the tree is not tall and young, I can almost completely bathe it in a urea solution using a shoulder sprayer. Then in the spring I don’t have to carry out the treatment.
If the tree is tall and mature, with a large spreading crown, then additional spring spraying is mandatory. I would advise spraying the ground around the trees in the fall with a higher concentration of urea. This will allow you to evenly moisten all fallen leaves, which are the main causative agent of various infectious diseases. Many people rake up the leaves, dry them and burn them. But this produces toxic, suffocating smoke, which is very harmful to health. In addition, the wind, while the leaves dry out, will spread half of them throughout the garden, spreading the infection throughout the entire area.
Sprayed leaves can be safely used in compost, and they can be partially covered with the ground around the trees, preserving and increasing its fertility.
Spraying trees with urea in the fall can replace treatment with Bordeaux mixture. This is an excellent product that is completely harmless to the environment. But no matter how good it is, it cannot replace the treatment of trees in summer and spring with fungicides, which is carried out for preventive purposes in order to keep the garden always healthy and fruitful. Therefore, in the spring I spray the garden, first during budding, then during flowering.
When the flowers have set, you can spray a third time. These events save the garden from pests, which, as soon as the sun warms up, rush to the trees. Among them are hatched larvae of silkworms, pear psyllids, sawflies, and various larch caterpillars. They can be successfully combated using traditional methods, a solution of slaked lime or colloidal sulfur.
How to treat your garden with insecticides in the fall
If your trees suffered from pests during the season, in the fall after leaf fall, spray them with approved broad-spectrum insecticides (Aliot, Aktara, Inta-Vir, Fufanon Nova, Iskra Zolotaya, Komandor, Alatar, Herold, etc.), diluting the drug according to the instructions .
During processing, the thermometer column should not yet drop to negative levels, because Most of these agents operate at temperatures not lower than 5°C.
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Rules for autumn spraying of the garden with nitrogen-containing fertilizer
The best time is late autumn. Urea, as a highly concentrated nitrogen-containing fertilizer, should be used in late autumn for the purpose of prevention and destruction of pests, i.e., when leaf fall is in the second stage or has already ended. The approximate month for this stage is the beginning or end of November, depending on the climatic latitude.
Earlier treatment of garden trees with urea in the fall can lead to tree burns and premature leaf loss, which will affect their vulnerability to frost and low supply of nutrients.
Dry, windless weather is a priority. A process such as spraying garden trees with nitrogen-containing urea requires both the absence of wind and dry weather. Firstly, this will provide maximum effect that will not be blown away by the wind or washed away by precipitation. Secondly, it is much safer for your health and, possibly, your yard animals, because the fertilizer contains pesticides.
Preparing trees for processing. This applies mainly to trees older than 6-10 years, and which have obvious bark diseases. Before processing them, you should remove diseased and affected areas of the bark using your hands or a metal brush or spatula. This will provide direct access to the affected area when spraying, as well as to the accumulation of insects.
As for foliage, even those affected by diseases, it is not recommended to remove it as unnecessary and is also subjected to treatment. In the spring, the treated foliage will become an excellent fertilizer, a kind of compost for trees.
Preparation of solution for spraying. The difference between urea, as a supplement and as a medicinal product, is in the composition of its solution. So, to destroy diseases and pests, prepare a very concentrated solution per 10 liters of water with at least 500 g of fertilizer, and preferably 500-700 g.
Scale of wood processing. The entire crown of the tree should be treated with urea in the fall, i.e. use fine spraying, which will eliminate existing problems as much as possible and prevent possible diseases.
It is also recommended to spray the tree trunk, especially if it is affected by diseases. It is also important to treat the already fallen leaves of the tree, on which infections and parasites can also live, and the soil adjacent to the tree.
Safety precautions. Take care of your health and use all the necessary protection for working with chemical fertilizers: a respiratory mask or thick gauze bandage, rubber gloves, safety glasses, etc. Wash your hands and face after finishing work, and also put your work clothes and shoes in the wash.
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Autumn treatment of the garden with iron sulfate
Iron sulfate is an antiseptic, fungicidal agent that helps fight rot, mold, and fungal diseases of plants. This preparation is the only fertilizer containing iron in a form accessible to plants. With insufficient supply of such a microelement, premature yellowing and death of young shoots occurs. Fruit trees suffer most from iron deficiency: pears, apples, plums, cherries and others. Peaches, roses, raspberry bushes, as well as vegetable crops - cabbage, tomatoes, potatoes - react sensitively to a lack of iron sulfate.
If the plantings are old and are bothered by problems such as the presence of moss and lichen, then autumn treatment of the garden with iron sulfate with a concentration of 5-7% will help get rid of them. The main difference between autumn treatment with iron sulfate and treatment with Bordeaux mixture is that the addition of lime is prohibited.
The effect of treatment with iron sulfate is significantly less than that of previous methods, but it also has its advantages - this is the saturation of trees with iron, and a distinctive effect on oxidation processes.
For the prevention and treatment of certain plant diseases, it is used together with other chemicals for complex plant therapy. Insecticides can be added to the solution to repel unwanted pests.
