What can be planted in a greenhouse before winter

Yesterday, October 13, we finally cleaned the greenhouse, removed all the cucumber vines (the tomatoes were pulled out earlier) and the lettuce, which continued to grow well. After this, the entire internal surface was thoroughly washed with a disinfectant solution. All that remains is to carefully dig up the soil with wood ash, which we have stored in abundance.

Radish in a greenhouse

Read on dacha6.ru:

Should greenhouse doors be closed for the winter?

When to throw snow into a greenhouse

Interestingly, in the middle of the week the last 12 greens of the season were collected. They were all small, about the length of an index finger and the same thickness.

Planting our favorite white mustard in mid-October is clearly too late. Then what, should we leave the greenhouse for the winter as is, until the start of the next season? There is a more interesting option!

How to prepare soil in a greenhouse in the fall

At the end of October - beginning of November, when persistent frosts come to central Russia, some crops can be sown before winter in an unheated polycarbonate greenhouse.

Again, you need to dig up the soil properly, while adding organic (up to 5 kg per 1 m2) and mineral fertilizers (1 tbsp per 1 m2), and ash (1 cup per 1 m2). After digging, carefully level the surface with a garden rake. During the procedure, remove all found plant residues from the soil.

When the preparatory part is completed, it is necessary to make grooves and plant.

Preliminary information

Requirements for planted crops

expediency;
rationality;
profitability.

So, expediency. Do you need this or that culture? And where will you put the surplus if it is formed due to incorrectly planned planting volumes?

Rationality implies the correct determination of the timing and volume of planting, and the use of optimal agricultural techniques. When choosing a crop, it is necessary to determine in advance how realistic the owner’s capabilities are to create optimal conditions for growing a given sample.

Expediency and rationality are also ensured by the correct choice of the variety of crop being grown. By correctly selecting the design and arrangement of the greenhouse, and rationally planning the change of plants in the greenhouse bed, you can achieve effective year-round operation of this green conveyor.

Classification of crops

Crops grown in greenhouses can be divided into types:

greenery;
vegetables;
roots;
fruits;
berries;
medicinal plants;
flowers and other ornamental plants.

When organizing a rational process, plants planted in greenhouses are classified into the following groups:

Predecessor crops, which serve as early-ripening cold-resistant vegetables and herbs. Examples: early carrots (early), radishes, spinach, dill.
Main crops. They can be tomatoes and cucumbers, sweet peppers and eggplants.
Intermediate crops serve to fill the space not occupied by the main plantings. As it grows and develops, the main culture gradually replaces the intermediate one. This technique ensures rational use of greenhouse space.
Winter crops. Examples: sorrel, chicory, parsnip.

In addition to plant foods, medicinal and ornamental plants can be grown in a greenhouse. Both for yourself and, especially, for sale. Examples: roses and peonies, dahlias, nasturtiums, asters.

Planting dill, parsley and lettuce before winter

After the radishes, we make grooves for lettuce, parsley and dill. We place them in 0.5 cm increments in a row. The depth of embedding is only 1-2 cm. By analogy, we sprinkle them with soil on top (level them), without additional mulching.

In this state we send the greenhouse into the winter. There is no need to throw snow on top. By the end of April next year you will harvest winter crops

and then you can begin the traditional planting of seedlings of cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers.

Growing greens in a greenhouse in winter

In the coldest and darkest time of the year, the body needs energy replenishment more than ever. Of course, you can go to the supermarket for green vitamins, but why not try to grow much tastier and healthier fresh greens yourself? It's not difficult at all!

Its growing season is short (a guarantee of several harvests at once during the autumn-winter season), and the greens are quite resistant to temperature changes (you don’t even need round-the-clock heating in the greenhouse).

Basically, greens in greenhouses are grown not in the main area, but on racks, saving space. With a competent approach to the process, you will not only provide your family with vitamins, but you will also be able to make money by selling early greens.

Early greens for sale - learning to grow
Greens grown for sale should be vibrant, healthy and inexpensive. You will be glad to know that this is possible and takes minimal time.

Most often cultivated in a greenhouse in winter:

Bow on feather

To force onions to harvest, they use species with a very short dormant period or without one at all (they are ready for the formation of a new crop immediately after harvesting) - multi-tiered, batun, chives, slug.

Onions are suitable for a regular soil mixture of peat and garden soil, fed with nitrogen fertilizer. The bulbs are cut to the shoulders and soaked for 15 minutes in heated water, after which they are immediately planted in prepared boxes with soil close to each other and watered abundantly.

For the first week, it is advisable to maintain the temperature within 10-15°C, then the daily norm is raised to 18-20°C. Watering is carried out as the soil dries. Onions will expel feathers even in natural light, but they will turn out brighter and denser when illuminated with phytolamps.

Feathers are cut as needed - under good conditions, you will have your first harvest in 25-30 days.

Salad

Another unpretentious plant for a winter greenhouse is lettuce. Without much effort on your part (moderate watering, minimal lighting, temperature about 15°C), you can harvest it every three weeks. The most suitable for such cultivation is watercress.

Rhubarb, endive, chard and asparagus are also great winter greens. Moreover, they don’t even need a lot of light - containers with rhizomes sprinkled with moist soil can be kept in the lowest, dimly lit areas of the greenhouse. The harvest is harvested by cutting off the large peripheral leaves and leaving the young ones to grow.

Dill

Dill is also a fairly cold and shade tolerant crop, undemanding to soil and suitable for winter cultivation in a greenhouse. It is more rational to use early ripening varieties for forcing (Aurora, Redut, Gribovsky, Grenadier, Dalniy, etc.), and sowing already germinated seeds in prepared grooves about 2 cm deep.

Dill can be planted on its own or as a compactor for onions or lettuce. It requires loose, well-moistened soil, a temperature of at least 15°C and a complete absence of drafts are important. Before germination, moisten the soil daily with a spray bottle, and then water the seedlings once every 5-7 days when the top layer of soil dries out. If you see excessive thickening of the area, carefully thin out the plantings.

You can get your first harvest of dill within a month or two after sowing the seeds. After particularly abundant cutting, you can feed the remaining bushes with a solution of ammonium nitrate (10 g per 10 liters of water).

Parsley

This is the most capricious of all winter inhabitants of the greenhouse, requiring good lighting and a certain thermal regime. Of the two possible ways to grow parsley (from roots or from seeds), we advise you to choose seed - this way there will be less worries.

Like dill, parsley should be grown in a greenhouse from already prepared, hardened and sprouted seeds - this way you will shorten the pre-emergence period, which could otherwise drag on for a month and a half.

Parsley seeds are sown in furrows about 2 cm deep and lightly sprinkled with soil. After this, the sown area is well moistened with a spray bottle.

During the growth process, parsley needs a temperature in the range of 12-18°C (at higher values the leaves will yellow and wither massively). Also, do not allow waterlogging - watering is carried out only after the top layer of soil has dried.

Dense seedlings should be thinned out, and before the rows close, regularly loosen and remove weeds.

As soon as the plants have reached a height of 10-15 cm, the first harvest can be harvested. As in the previous case, if you have removed too much greenery, you should feed the remaining hemp with a urea solution (a tablespoon per 10 liters of water).

When is the best time to start winter sowing?

The optimal period for planting seeds before winter in a greenhouse is late October-early November. By this time, as a rule, stable frosts have already set in, but the soil has not yet completely frozen. An unheated greenhouse is suitable for these purposes; the material is polycarbonate or glass. By following the rules for planting seeds in the fall and properly caring for the seedlings in the spring, you can get an early spring harvest without any problems.

Read our detailed article: What to plant before winter? 20+ crops for winter sowing

What to plant for the winter at the dacha in a greenhouse or garden?

Experts call winter planting or planting before winter a special agricultural practice. Its peculiarity lies in planting seeds of various plants (vegetables, flowers, grape cuttings, etc.) in the ground at the end of autumn before the start of the winter period, when the temperature of the air and soil is lower than in spring (air temperature is about 0 degrees, and the soil – 2-4 degrees). Such planting can be carried out from October to November, depending on the climate zone.

Planting before winter includes several main stages:

Preparatory:
choosing a place for sowing (soil with normal acidity, light in mechanical composition, with little moisture, soft, warmed by the sun, protected from the wind by shrubs);
digging up the soil (for planting, this process is carried out in advance - 2-3 days before planting plant seeds), while clearing the soil of excess rhizomes, weeds, and insect larvae;
additional soil feeding (add a mixture of ash and lime - 0.5 liters each);
pelleting of seeds (creating a protective and nutritious shell with the help of mullein, heteroauxin and microfertilizers), this will increase the stability of seedlings;
calibration of seeds (done using a sieve) increases the percentage of germination.
Sowing - this process begins at a soil temperature of 2-3 degrees (if the soil is warmer, then the possibility of premature germination will arise, and the seeds should only swell, since the seedlings will simply begin to freeze out with a further decrease in temperature). It is important to follow the order: onions, garlic, herbs, root vegetables.
Final:
covering the planting site with mulch material (this can be humus, peat, ash mixed with sand) to prevent the formation of a dense crust on the soil surface, thanks to which shoots will appear 15-20 days earlier;
covering the crops with a polyethylene film (the edges are sprinkled with earth so as not to blow away during bad weather), which is removed with the onset of a warm spring period.

If such procedures are done correctly and on time, you can get an excellent harvest.

Selecting plants for planting before winter

Many beginning amateur gardeners wonder: what types of plants can be planted before winter? There is a choice, but for each type a number of nuances should be taken into account.

If you decide to plant herbs and vegetables, then you should pay attention to the following points:

parsley is resistant to cold, with a long germination period;
dill, spinach, and varieties of lettuce (headed, leafy) will ripen faster if a greenhouse is placed over them;
radishes and beets are selected with the expectation that the variety will certainly be resistant to cold and bolting;
Carrot seeds have long-term germination, so winter sowing is an ideal option for growing them;
onions and garlic can be sown either by heads or by seeds (both survive the winter well in the ground).

If you decide to plant flower crops before winter, you should pay attention to the following:

cornflowers are resistant to cold weather and are not afraid of early spring frosts;
purslane - develops better and blooms earlier;
Iberis - it is better to opt for varieties of the annual type, they are cold-resistant;
godetia - is unpretentious, but still loves the warm and mild winter;
delphiniums - designed to be kept in cold conditions; they germinate better in slightly acidic or neutral soil, which should preferably be fertilized with peat, compost or humus;
snapdragon is cold-resistant, loves mixed soil - sand, compost and peat in equal proportions;
petunia - prefers loose, nutritious soil; before sowing, the soil must be well watered the day before, as the seeds are mixed with dry sand;
Chinese carnation - does not tolerate stagnant water, so it requires soil drainage;
calendula is easy to care for, but once a month it requires fertilizing with mineral fertilizers dissolved in water.

Naturally, this is not the entire list of flowers that can be planted before winter.

Trees and shrubs are also planted before winter. This technique is very popular in modern landscape design - when planted, trees and shrubs “hibernate” and this causes them less injury, so they take root much better. Among the trees, large trees (mature plants over a year old) of Siberian larch, spruce, pine, rowan, linden, birch, American maple, poplar, and elm tolerate winter planting well.

Among the shrubs, gooseberry bushes and currant bushes - white and red - feel great after such planting in winter. This method allows plants to grow a suction rhizome during the winter months of hibernation, which will allow them to establish an optimal nutrition process for the entire growth period.

You should also remember about roses, hawthorn, clematis - it is better to plant them in winter, but a little earlier than the onset of cold weather (late September - early October), this will allow the plants to better take root and adapt to the new place.

What vegetables can be grown in winter?

Even a cold greenhouse, covered with snow in winter, can become a source of harvest at the very beginning of the season. The main thing for growing vegetables in a greenhouse is to choose the right plant seeds and plant them.

All seeds that are planted before winter must be frost-resistant and specifically designed for growth in the cold season. Simple seeds lying in the ground before winter will not sprout in the spring.

The most popular crops for planting in a greenhouse in winter are carrots, beets and radishes.

Carrots can be grown in a greenhouse from late autumn to early summer. It takes a lot of time for shoots to appear, and therefore carrots will overwinter well under the snow, and when the temperature starts to rise, they will immediately begin to grow. Gardeners say that this vegetable can be harvested as early as early June.

To grow carrots, you need fertile soil with an acidic or neutral reaction. The optimal time is frost, when the air temperature has already dropped and the soil is still warm and loose. The soil in the greenhouse needs to be loosened, dry seeds filled in and covered with warm soil.

There is no need to water the garden bed, since the water will turn the soil into a crust of ice during frost, and the seeds, saturated with water, may burst and not sprout.
Some gardeners recommend covering a fresh bed with peat, and when snow falls, pouring covering material on top and covering it with straw or spruce branches. But other summer residents believe that this will only add hassle and will not affect the harvest in any way.

In the spring, it is necessary to remove snow from the garden bed as early as possible so that the soil begins to thaw, and cover the area with black film or cover it with peat. In addition, the compacted soil before winter must be loosened. This will be enough for cold-resistant carrot crops, but if the plants are sick or do not grow well, they can be fed. As a rule, such simple care is enough to get a harvest by June.

The same scheme is used to sow radishes, beets and parsnips, that is, seeds of cold-resistant plants that can survive frost. Radishes are considered one of the most successful crops, the ripening period of which is much shorter than that of carrots. Radishes planted before winter will produce a harvest in April, a few weeks after the snow has melted and the soil temperature has risen slightly.

When buying beet, radish and carrot seeds, you should pay attention to their properties. The seeds must be resistant to bolting, and it is best to choose special winter varieties.

Many gardeners grow legumes, peas, beans, beans, or more exotic crops of the same family in their garden beds. You can plant peas not only at the end of the year, when the soil is already frozen, but also immediately after harvesting. As practice shows, plants that have already produced several true leaves, but have not yet had time to bloom, survive the cold season better. Crops that have not stored enough strength or gained color do not tolerate cold in winter, and low temperatures are fatal for them.

To plant peas in a greenhouse, it is usually recommended to prepare the soil, dig, loosen and level the beds.

But experienced gardeners believe that sowing in a prepared bed is not at all necessary - it is enough to throw the seeds into the ground before digging for the winter, and collect the greens and fruits in the spring.
Another wonderful vegetable that feels great in the cold season is garlic. One of the features of the culture is the need for stratification, that is, long-term cooling. early spring, a few days after the snow melts.

Expert advice: planting vegetables before winter

Here are a few secrets of winter planting:

If you know that seed germination is low, then increase the density of sowing seeds.
Flower crops are best planted in cold greenhouses.
Grooves for sowing are prepared with a depth of up to 1 centimeter (depending on the size of the prepared seeds).
To cover the soil after sowing seeds, peat, moss, leaves from trees, and spruce branches from spruce trees are suitable.
When sowing seeds, use hydrogel (it will provide the shoots with the necessary moisture).

However, experienced gardeners highlight the basic rule for planting plants before winter: dry seeds are planted only in dry soil.

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How to plant plants in a greenhouse before winter

First of all, you should take care of the quality of the soil in the beds. In insulated beds, the fertile layer is changed annually (about 20 cm). In greenhouses where it is planned to grow at least 4 different crops, long beds are zoned. This is especially important if crops require different degrees of illumination and humidity. It is most correct to organize rational zoning of the greenhouse, separating the crops from each other.

To do this, you need to take temperature measurements near the side walls and separate cooler and warmer areas using any material available. This can be transparent film or plywood (for large greenhouses). After organizing the zones, the crops most suitable for cultivation in a particular area are selected.

Basic vegetables are cucumbers and tomatoes. They are placed in the warmest areas. On the remaining territory, other plants that are more tolerant to temperature conditions are placed. In large premises, the main factor influencing the placement of crops in the beds is the height of the bushes.

If you plant tall crops near the side walls, mounted on vertical trellises, low-growing specimens located on the inner beds will suffer from a lack of lighting. It would be correct to place tall crops in the middle part of the building, and low-growing and root crops - near the side walls.

Important! When placing crops in a greenhouse, do not thicken the rows too much. This will prevent normal air circulation, which will lead to the spread of harmful bacteria.

Planting flowers before winter is carried out as follows:

Fill separate containers with nutritious soil from the garden bed. You can also use any universal peat soil.
Plant the seeds in pots. Don't plant them too deep. It is enough to bury them in the ground a couple of centimeters.
Bury containers with plantings into greenhouses flush with the ground. This will help protect the seeds from low temperatures in winter. In spring it will be very easy to get containers with flowers. Simply remove the tray from the ground.

After sowing seeds before winter, there is no need to water the soil or throw snow on the beds. Watering can trigger the seeds to begin sprouting. Then, when frost sets in, they will freeze and die. But, starting from mid-late winter, snow, on the contrary, needs to be brought into the greenhouse and spread on the beds. The snow will melt, saturate the soil with moisture and awaken the seeds. In beds with planted shifts, you can also install arcs over which you can throw covering material. Under it, the soil will warm up better and the seeds will sprout faster. This means that the spring harvest will definitely be early.

Advantages of winter planting

The main advantage of planting seeds before winter is the opportunity to achieve earlier vegetation of vegetable crops, herbs, and root crops. Due to this, the harvest can be harvested 2-3 weeks earlier than usual.

There are other advantages, for example, natural stratification. In order to encourage seeds to germinate, they are often subjected to stratification. The process involves keeping the seeds at low temperatures, so that the plants are hardened during the initial growth stage. The seedlings grow strong and are not so afraid of sudden temperature changes, diseases and pests. Seeds planted in a greenhouse before winter undergo natural stratification. Therefore, the yield with such sowing is usually higher than with classical planting.

Important! Since there is a risk of seedlings, the seeds need to be planted more densely than usual. For winter sowing, the volume of seeds for planting should be increased by 25-50%.