Tomatoes Yamal and (Yamal 200): characteristics and description of the variety, photo

Among the variety of tomato varieties, gardeners especially value unpretentious, early-ripening, universal-purpose tomatoes. To grow them, you don’t need to build greenhouses or greenhouses, you don’t need to form and tie up bushes. The harvest is suitable for salads and processing. The Yamal tomato is one of these unpretentious, versatile plants.

Characteristics and description of the variety

The early ripening tomato variety Yamal was created especially for regions with short summers. The first red fruits can be harvested 85 days after emergence or at the end of June - beginning of July. This feature allows you to grow crops without greenhouses.

Some gardeners practice growing plants of this variety by direct sowing into the ground.

The bush of a varietal tomato is standard, with a thick stem and medium-sized leaves. The height of the central stem does not exceed 50 cm. The bush does not require a garter. Yamal tomatoes do not form, they allow the plant to grow freely - in 2-3 stems.

Tomatoes ripen on the bush in small clusters, 4-6 pieces each. They are round, sometimes slightly flattened. The first fruits are the largest, reaching a weight of 120 g. The average weight of tomatoes is 100 g. The skin is dense, red. Inside the fruit there are up to 5 chambers with seeds. The tomatoes are moderately juicy. The taste of the fruit is bright, rich, sweet and sour.

In appearance, the cultivar is similar to the Irma, Yablonka Rossii, Dachnik and Sanka tomatoes.

Plants of this variety are resistant to the main diseases of nightshades: late blight, fusarium, blight. The dense skin on the fruit does not crack in rainy summers and is not affected by blossom end rot.

The fruits can set and ripen in cool summer conditions, with an average daily temperature of +17 +20 degrees.

From each plant, under favorable weather conditions, you can remove 3-3.5 kg of tomatoes, from 1 sq. m of beds - up to 15 kg. The harvest is used for salads and vegetable stews. Neat, even, small fruits are convenient to salt and marinate whole. Thanks to the strong skin, tomatoes do not crack in jars.

Advantages and disadvantages

Expert opinion

Chernyaeva Tatyana Dmitrievna

Absolutely loves gardening and grows only organic vegetables

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The Yamal tomato has proven itself exclusively on the positive side. Practice has shown that this variety has no disadvantages. Adverse weather conditions have almost no effect on yield and ripening time; the fruits are distinguished by high taste and have an excellent presentation.

Among the advantages of this variety are also noted:

• resistance to late blight;
• friendly ripening of tomatoes;
• large-fruited, compared to other early ripening varieties;
• low growth, due to which there is no need for pinching and crown formation;
• undemanding to soil quality;
• a high degree of decorativeness of the bushes, which are a real decoration of the site;
• tolerates shade well.

Due to the compactness of the Yamal tomato, it can be grown not only in summer cottages, but also on balconies and loggias. This plant has strong stems that can confidently withstand the weight of the fruit. No garter required.

Tomato Yamal 200 and Yamal: comparison of varieties

According to the characteristics and description of the variety, the Yamal tomato is similar to the Yamal 200 cultivar, created by breeder V.I. Kozak. The latter, unlike the first, was included in the State Register in 2007.

Yamal 200 is recommended for cultivation in open ground and light film greenhouses in the middle zone and northern regions of Russia.

Brief characteristics of the Yamal 200 variety:

• plant height 35-50 cm;
• bush with a powerful stem, medium foliage;
• Tomato ripening occurs 100-110 days after sowing;
• fruit weight from 120 to 200 g;
• the taste is sour, with a pronounced tomato aroma;
• yield up to 4 kg per bush.

The photo shows that the difference between the Yamal and Yamal 200 varieties is only in the different size of the fruit. The plants are similar in disease resistance, yield and agricultural technology. Small fruits of the first grade are more tasty.

Yamal 200

Yamal
The Yamal tomato, according to reviews from vegetable growers, is suitable for preparing sauces and pastes. Not everyone will like fresh tomatoes, which have a pronounced sourness.

When to plant seedlings in a permanent place

When planting seedlings, you should follow some recommendations:

1. Planting tomatoes in open ground begins when the soil is well warmed up and its temperature is not lower than +15 °C at a depth of 40 cm. In colder soil, plant roots cannot absorb nutrients from the soil.
2. Planted in soil that is too cold, tomatoes become susceptible to various fungal diseases. The root system of such plants develops slowly; all excess nutrients pass from the root system to the above-ground green mass. That is, a tomato planted in cold soil will subsequently have a lush and beautiful bush, a weakly branched root system, and a rather weak yield.
3. According to popular wisdom, tomatoes can be planted in the ground when full-fledged, mature leaves appear on birch trees. At this time, the soil has already been sufficiently warmed by the spring sun, you can begin planting tomatoes. In the southern regions, gardeners focus on the singing of cicadas. When the evening is filled with the loud trills of cicadas, it’s time to plant tomato seedlings.
4. If a gardener plans to plant young tomatoes under a film (in a greenhouse or a film tunnel), then in the southern regions you can begin replanting work after April 15, and in colder regions - from the first of May.

In any case, when deciding to plant tomato seedlings in open ground, it is necessary to take into account the weather, since spring can be either early and warm or cold.
In different climates, the conditions for growing tomatoes in open ground can vary significantly. Yamal tomatoes are a low-growing variety, so they are planted according to one of these schemes:

1. In two rows - with a distance between rows of 40 cm, and a distance between plants in a row of 25–30 cm. Every two rows, a path at least 60 cm wide is laid. The plants in the rows are arranged in relation to the tomatoes of the adjacent row in a checkerboard pattern.
2. In four lines - with the above distance between the lines and plants. With this planting scheme, a path for the gardener, at least 1 m wide, is laid every four rows. The tomatoes in the rows are arranged in a checkerboard pattern in relation to the tomatoes of the adjacent row.

Experienced plant growers recommend placing tomato rows from south to north; this arrangement contributes to good sun exposure of the plants and earlier ripening of the fruits.
Did you know? In cooking, tomatoes are used in various forms: fresh, stewed, fried, boiled, as an ingredient or base for first and second courses, sauces, as preserves or pickles, as well as in a dried and dried state. Some exotic lovers even make jam from green tomatoes.

Features of cultivation and care

In the northern regions, the Yamal and Yamal 200 varieties are grown through seedlings. The timing of sowing seeds depends on the weather and planting method:

• You can plant tomatoes in open ground when the temperature at night does not drop below +12 degrees;
• Seedlings are brought into film greenhouses 10-12 days earlier than in open ground.

The age of seedlings suitable for moving to the garden bed is from 50 to 60 days.

As a rule, tomatoes are sown in March - early April. The soil selected is loose and fertile. Optimal combination of components:

• 1 part humus;
• 2 parts of turf (garden) soil;
• 1 part sand (vermiculite);
• 1 part peat.

The compact size of Yamal allows you to grow seedlings in common boxes without picking, saving space. In this case, the seeds are immediately placed at a distance of 5-6 cm from each other.

To prevent tomatoes from stretching out, the seedlings are provided with lighting, extending the daylight hours to 12 hours.

In regions with warm climates and early spring, early-ripening tomato varieties are often sown directly into the garden bed. Seeds are placed in the soil in May, when the soil warms up to +14 degrees.

To speed up the emergence of seedlings, the bed is covered with film or non-woven material.

When grown without seedlings, tomatoes develop better and the fruits ripen faster, since the plant does not get sick when transplanted.

The planting scheme for low-growing tomatoes is 30 by 40 cm or 40 by 40 cm.

Caring for tomatoes of this variety is standard:

• watering 2-3 times a week with warm water;
• loosening the rows or mulching the soil with straw, sawdust, bark;
• feeding every 15-18 days.

Organic matter (rotted manure, compost, weed infusion) and mineral fertilizers are used as top dressing. The plant responds well to fertilizing with yeast infusion (bread) and spraying with ammonia solution (5-7 ml per 10 liters of water).

Tomatoes of the Yamal variety do not need to be shaped: pinched or removed. They don't need a garter either. This makes caring for plants much easier and avoids damaging the bushes by pinching them.

In areas with humid summers, it is recommended to mulch the soil under the tomatoes with clean straw or sawdust. Under the weight of the harvest, the bushes fall to the ground. Fruits may begin to rot if they come into contact with wet soil. Lying on clean straw will keep the tomatoes dry and healthy. The mulch layer should be 10-15 cm.

When the formation of the first brush on the bushes is completed, it is recommended to remove the leaves growing before it. Old foliage is no longer beneficial to the plant, but can be attacked by pests.

Agricultural technology

Yamal tomatoes are planted in a permanent place when the soil warms up and the threat of frost disappears. Disembarkation times vary by region :

• southern - end of April;
• central – after May 10;
• northern - the last days of May or the beginning of June.

High-quality plants should not be stunted or overgrown.

Sowing seeds directly into open ground is possible in the southern and central regions . But in this case, the harvest will be harvested much later.

Planting in open ground

For tomatoes, choose the sunniest place in the garden . Potatoes should not grow near the beds. In autumn, the selected area of ​​the garden is cleared of plant debris. Humus is spread over the beds. If you need to reduce the acidity of the soil, dry lime is added to it.

In the spring, the beds are dug up . Formed plant roots are removed. Then they are watered with a solution of chicken droppings and ash.

The holes are dug in staggered rows . A 50×60 pattern is used. For 1 sq. m place 4-5 plants. A liter of water is poured into each well. The plants are removed from the pots along with a lump of earth, placed in holes and buried down to the first lower leaves, which are removed.

Basic rules for caring for plants

Yamal bushes do not need shaping .
They don't need to be stepsoned. Experienced gardeners advise removing a few leaves at the bottom of the bush. But since many fruits form on the bushes, under their weight they bend to the ground. Therefore, despite the low growth, the bushes of this tomato are tied up. For this, a synthetic thread is used. Water the tomatoes every 2 days . Use at least 2 liters of warm water per plant. Water should not fall on the above-ground part of the bush.

After each moistening, the soil is loosened . This prevents the formation of an earthen crust that disrupts root air exchange. The tomato beds are weeded every week. Weeds need to be removed while they are still weak and small. Otherwise, they will damage the roots of the tomatoes.

Tomatoes are fed every two weeks with root and foliar fertilizers.

Not only early, productive, but also sweet tomato Yamal 200

How to get maximum yield

From 1 sq. m of Yamal tomato harvests from 9 to 17 kg of fruit . To get the maximum harvest in the earliest possible time, you need to know a few tricks.

Fertilizers play an important role in growing Yamal. Every 2 weeks use the following formulations :

1. Take 10 g of ammonium nitrate and 40 g of “Superphosphate” per bucket of water. Tomatoes are fed with this composition 10 days after picking in a permanent place.
2. Then, every 2 weeks, “Nitrophoska” and ammonium nitrate are added.
3. are sprayed with foliar fertilizers every week . To prepare such compositions, take 10 g of “Superphosphate”, potassium sulfate and urea per bucket of water.

On hot days, the frequency of watering is increased . One plant should require 2.5 liters of water.

Choosing the right time for picking tomatoes is important . They are transplanted into open ground on cloudy days or at sunset.

On a note. It is recommended to plant basil, coriander and mustard between the rows of tomatoes. This will repel pests.

To speed up the pollination process, the bushes are shaken regularly. This must be done carefully so as not to break the stem.

Protection from diseases and pests

Yamal has high immunity to most diseases that affect this crop, even late blight. He is not afraid of this disease even at the end of summer, when late blight is active.

To minimize the risk of plant infection, it is important to follow the rules of prevention :

1. All tools used to work with plants are disinfected . This also applies to containers for seedlings, seeds and soil.
2. Remove all remnants of plants that grew in the garden last year. Pathogens develop on them.
3. Regular weeding is another measure to prevent the disease. Weeds attract harmful insects.
4. It is important to follow the rules of watering and apply a sufficient amount of fertilizer. If these rules are violated, the protective powers of tomatoes are reduced.
5. To protect against insects, bushes are sprayed with soap solution, decoctions of chamomile, dandelion and celandine. Large pests are collected by hand.

Diseases and pests

Yamal tomatoes are resistant to the main diseases of tomatoes. Plants are little affected by fusarium and other fungal infections. But this does not mean that the gardener does not need to pay attention to disease prevention.

To eliminate the possibility of plants being damaged by fungi and rot, the following measures are carried out:

• pickle the seedling soil and seeds with a solution of potassium permanganate or Fitosporin;
• observe crop rotation, not planting tomatoes after potatoes and eggplants;
• in damp and cold summers, treat plant tops with Fitosporin, a whey solution.

Yamal tomatoes can be attacked by pests: aphids, cutworms, spider mites, and Colorado potato beetles. You can notice insects on the foliage, including on the back side of the leaf plate. They attack primarily weakened plants.

If the pest population is small, it can be dealt with using traditional methods: infusion of tobacco, garlic, ash, and soap solution. In case of severe damage, the drugs Iskra, Imidor, Aktara will help.

Harvest and storage

Harvesting begins in the last ten days of August. The first fruits are characterized by larger sizes, subsequent tomatoes have a noticeably smaller shape and are more suitable for preservation. Tomatoes are not suitable for long-term storage. Picked ripe fruits are stored for no more than 5 days. If you pick green tomatoes for ripening, their shelf life will increase many times (up to 20 days).

Before the onset of frost, all fruits must be collected. At the beginning of ripening, harvesting is carried out once every 2-3 days, and during mass ripening - daily.

Collection of tomatoes for processing and storage involves their careful selection. Sorted fruits must be healthy, whole and not overripe. Well-dried tomatoes are placed for storage in a special container with the cuttings facing up. The container should not contain more than 10 kg of tomatoes, otherwise the lower layers will be damaged under pressure.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of the Yamal variety are its unpretentiousness and early ripening. For its size, the tomato shows high yield - up to 15 kg per 1 sq. m. The variety can be safely recommended to summer residents who can only pay attention to plants on weekends.

The disadvantages of tomatoes are their sour taste and thick skin. The fruits are good for canning, as they do not crack in jars. When fresh, they are inferior in taste to large-fruited sweet varieties.

Choosing a landing site

Despite the high vitality of Yamal, it is recommended to plant it on the south side of the site. It is advisable that there is a building or fence nearby that will provide protection from the wind.

Of the crops previously grown in this place, the best predecessors are:

• cauliflower and white cabbage;
• zucchini;
• onion;
• cucumbers;
• tomatoes of other varieties.

It is not recommended to plant in areas where potatoes, sweet or hot peppers were grown last season.

If you plan to plant Yamal where other varieties of tomatoes previously grew, it is necessary to add complex mineral fertilizers to the soil. The requirement is due to the fact that this crop greatly depletes the soil.

The Yamal variety is unpretentious and grows well on any soil. However, for full results, fertile ones with normal acidity are required. In accordance with this, the soil is prepared: organic and mineral fertilizers are applied.

Growing tomatoes

Tomatoes are grown using the traditional method - through seedlings with further planting for permanent residence. The yield of Yamal does not depend on growing conditions. Due to the beautiful appearance of the bush, it is often grown for decorative purposes, including in the greenhouse and on the balcony.

How to prepare seeds?

Seeds are prepared in accordance with generally accepted rules:

1. Seeds are collected only after the fruits have fully ripened and fermentation has started;
2. Only whole, dense seeds that have a uniform color are allowed for planting;
3. After removal from the package, the seeds are disinfected with weak antiseptics (hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate);
4. The seed material must be kept for half an hour in the stimulant solution. If it is not possible to buy specialized products, you can use an infusion of wood ash;
5. Two days before sowing, the seeds are soaked in purified water.

Sowing seed material

Sowing is carried out 45-55 days before planting. Any container with a side higher than 5 cm is used as a container for sowing. A thin layer of charcoal or small expanded clay is poured onto the bottom, on top of which the main substrate is placed. To prepare it, garden turf, peat, sand are mixed and a significant amount of humus is added.

IMPORTANT: All components of the planting soil must first be steamed at a temperature of 60*C.

Rules for planting seedlings

Planting in a permanent place is carried out when environmental conditions satisfy the following criteria:

• Soil temperature – from 10*C;
• Air temperature – from 15*C;
• The length of daylight hours is from 12 hours.

In the middle zone, they are planted in the garden in the last ten days of May - early June (in the greenhouse 2-3 weeks earlier).

Preferred landing pattern:

• Planting hole depth – 10 cm;
• The interval between bushes is 40 cm;
• Row spacing – 50 cm;
• The permissible standing density is 8 bushes per 1 sq.m.

Growing seedlings

The fruits of this nightshade can be grown in open and protected ground. What condition influences the choice of soil and soil? First of all, climatic factors. If the climate is mild and warm, then the best solution would be to grow the Yamal variety outside. This is done by direct sowing from mid-May.

Seedling cultivation is necessary in central Russia. The results of such a landing directly depend on weather conditions. Heavy rain or excessive heat can be bad for the fruit.

Planting seeds

The grains can be treated with manganese raster. To create it you will need a match, warm water and manganese. The procedure is as follows:

Prepare the dishes. Pour warm or heated water into it. Soak the end of the match in water. Dip the wet part of the match into manganese. Place the match in a container of water. When the water turns pink, the solution is ready and can be used.

Why is such processing needed? It serves as a preventive measure for Yamal tomatoes. Despite their resistance to pests, damage is still possible. The seeds must not be allowed to be damaged.

The soil must contain useful microelements and mineral components. Before planting the seeds, warm it up. Thanks to this, the fruiting period will occur 25-30 days later. The quality of the fruit will be higher.

Sprout care

The next stage begins with the appearance of sprouts. They should be clearly visible in the ground. They shouldn't be too fragile. The average height is about 10 cm, not higher.

Care for sprouts is carried out as follows:

Create good lighting in the plant room. A regular table lamp or a more powerful unit will help with this. The air temperature may be slightly lowered to 15 degrees. After a week, raise the temperature to 22 degrees. When the first two leaves appear, the seedlings need to be planted in separate pots or boxes. Two weeks before planting the sprouts in the ground, take the seedlings outside. Start with a few hours. Then you can increase the period up to a full day. Upon reaching 65 days, you can plant the sprouts in prepared beds.

How should watering be? The characteristic says that Yamal tomatoes are neutral towards waterlogging, but this should not be done. Make sure that the ground is not dry and that the moisture disappears gradually

It is important to regularly loosen the soil and remove weeds

Tomato sprouts do not like waterlogged soil

Don't forget to expose pots of sprouts to light. It is best to do this between 12 and 17 hours.

Transplanting

Choose a time when there will be no frost. The earth should be slightly warmed up. The end of May - beginning of June is the most suitable time.

Maintain a distance of 50 cm between bushes and 70 cm between beds. To avoid damaging the roots, move the sprouts with soil into the holes. The soil must be fertilized in advance. To do this, pour a handful of any mineral fertilizer at the bottom of the hole. Afterwards, water the sprout generously and sprinkle with soil.

Fertilizer

Growing Yamal tomatoes includes fertilizing the soil. Fertilizing should be done 10 days after planting. Make your own nutritional mixture. It consists of 40 grams of superphosphate and 15 grams of ammonium nitrate. Dilute them in 1 liter of warm water.

Two weeks after planting, the Yamal tomato needs additional feeding. Add nitrophoska and manganese solution. Repeat the procedure every 10 days until harvest.

Do you want to get a good, juicy tomato? Apply foliar fertilizers every week. They make it based on 10 grams of potassium sulfur, urea and superphosphate per ten liters of water.

Watering

Timely watering also affects productivity. To achieve a tasty and fleshy fruit, water the seedlings regularly. The best time is after sunset. Exposure to direct sunlight after watering can have a negative effect on tomatoes.

Follow these watering rules:

Water after 17-19 hours every other day. The water should be warm. Expect that one Yamal tomato bush needs about 3 liters of water.

Some gardeners install automatic watering systems. This is a good solution and saves time on this procedure.

Water can be heated in any way, but the main thing is that it is warm. Check the soil for dryness and waterlogging daily.