Leaves on an apple tree turn red and curl: what to treat and what to do

Causes of curling and the appearance of red spots on the apple tree

The reasons for such damage are varied; it may be a lack of minerals, damage by harmful insects, or damage to the bark.

Nutrient deficiency

The main nutrients that apple trees are fed are potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and magnesium. Their deficiency causes damage to the leaves, they dry out and curl.

Potassium deficiency

A bright red border appears along the edge of the leaf. Gradually it turns completely red, then begins to curl. Microelement deficiency contributes to reduced resistance to frost and disease.

Magnesium

Redness starts from the lower leaves. Spots appear from the middle of the leaf and slowly reach the edges. Such damage in the future reduces the plant's resistance to frost.

Phosphorus

The color of the foliage acquires a bronze tint, then the foliage becomes brownish-red. Flowering and ripening of apples occurs later than expected. This condition causes a decrease in frost resistance.

Manganese

White and red spots form on the leaves located at the top. Some apples fall off before the end of ripening, and ripened fruits lose their taste.

Red gall aphid infestation

The main pest that causes drying and redness of the leaves of the apple tree. At the end of the season, the insect lays larvae under the bark of a tree. They feed on wood sap, thereby causing nutritional deficiencies.

If the sap runs out in the trunk, the aphids slowly move onto the foliage, beginning to eat it. These beetles are small in size, but visible to the naked eye, have a gray color, and are easily visible on the surface.

If there is damage to a section of the trunk, for example, tied with wire or fishing line. Also, any scratching, swelling and violation of the integrity of the bark cause curling of the leaves in the part to which the damaged branch leads. To combat the disease, the bark is carefully combed off on site, then treated with garden varnish. If necessary, the branch is supported or tied.

The first signs of sheet deformation

The first signs of this condition in a tree begin gradually. Red spots appear on some leaves. Depending on the location of the first spot, the cause of the problem is determined.

The spots are small, slightly noticeable, like dots, and can be convex or, on the contrary, flattened. The curling of the shoots appears later, after the leaf turns completely red. If the leaves curl and turn red, this indicates a lack of fertilizing or an attack by harmful insects.



Important! Before starting treatment, the cause of the foliage deformation is determined.

How to fight and what to treat?

When a fungus is detected on apple trees, first of all it is necessary to find out: what led to the infection, what mistakes were made? It is necessary to develop a strategy for restoring the health of the garden.

Young trees are less susceptible to the disease, but the fungus can kill them in one season.

There is good news - it’s easier to treat a young garden right away with strong chemicals, without regard to the “waiting period before harvesting.”

In addition to Bordeaux mixture, you can use all copper-containing preparations such as:

• “HOM”;
• “Skor”;
• "Topaz".

Advice! You can try to save older trees with ovaries with a solution of baking soda (150 grams per bucket of water). Do not be alarmed if the tree drops its fruit - this is how it saves its life. Having given a full harvest, the apple tree will not be able to survive the winter.

When pruning in autumn, these apple trees need to be rejuvenated as much as possible and the crown thinned out.

Don't forget to whiten the trunks.

Sooty fungus - treatment and prevention

The appearance of sooty fungus occurs unexpectedly for the gardener - it is difficult to notice black stains on the bark.

It is impossible not to notice plaque on apples. It is too late to treat the garden against disease.

A tree is affected by this disease for several reasons:

• Wounds not treated with garden varnish;
• Leaf-eating and sucking insects (aphids, copperheads);
• Improper pruning of a tree results in a thickened crown.

Regular scheduled work in the garden at the same time represents the best prevention and treatment of sooty fungus on the apple tree.

There is no point in dwelling on the need to use garden varnish separately. Regular pruning of the garden in spring and autumn should be the rule.

And all preventive treatments of the garden against fungal diseases and pests will not allow you to lose the harvest due to aphids.

Timely installed insect traps, catching belts, and the attraction of birds and insect predators are well protected from the appearance of insects.

Early spring, before the buds open, “blue” spraying with 3% Bordeaux mixture is the best protection against various fungi that parasitize the garden.

If obvious signs of fungus are detected, treatment cannot be delayed.

Remove severely affected branches regardless of the season - the damage from the disease significantly exceeds the apparent damage from pruning at the wrong time.

Everything cut must be burned.

A heavily damaged tree trunk must be cleaned and washed:

1. 5% solution of vitriol (copper or iron),
2. a solution of 100 grams of caustic soda per bucket of water.

If there are still at least 15 days before harvest:

• treat with a 1% solution of vitriol with the addition of soap to wet the leaves.
• A solution of baking soda (150 grams per bucket of water) can be used without harm to human health and treated with apple trees with almost ripe fruits.

After harvesting, it is advisable to re-treat the apple trees - the fungus will not allow the apple trees to properly prepare for winter.

Attention! Particular attention should be paid to autumn pruning of the garden. If apple trees suffer from fungal diseases, their branches must be thinned out as much as possible (within reason). Make sure that there are no rotten spots left on the branches; it is advisable to rake the leaves of diseased apple trees and burn them

Whitewashing the trunks for the winter is mandatory. Care throughout the year

Make sure that there are no rotten spots left on the branches; it is advisable to rake the leaves of diseased apple trees and burn them. Whitewashing the trunks for the winter is mandatory. Care throughout the year.

The best prevention of various garden diseases is proper tree care throughout the year.

Everything should go smoothly, without rush jobs. Then there won’t be any special problems.

Healthy trees do not catch infections all over the place.

Important! Every missed operation in the garden threatens big problems in a month or two. Mandatory preventive measures:. Mandatory preventive measures:

Mandatory preventive measures:

1. Spring pruning of branches damaged in winter followed by eradicating spraying;
2. Feeding apple trees with a complex of spring fertilizers;
3. Installation of trapping belts and other traps for insect pests;
4. Repeated spraying after bud break and after flowering;
5. Water during fruit filling only when necessary;
6. Autumn feeding of the garden with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers;
7. Autumn pruning of the garden, removing all remains from the site (especially mummified fruits from the branches);
8. Mandatory whitewashing of trunks before winter.

Whitewashing of trees.

In addition, following the recommendations will help protect the garden and harvest:

• When spraying, try to treat the trunk circles against fungi;
• When using garden tools, disinfect them often;
• Harvest with gloves: the slightest scratch on an apple is a source of rot;
• Do not forget to remove rotten apples from the branches - pathogen spores will infect the garden for another 2 years.

Disease and pest control

General rules for controlling apple tree diseases and pests include the following:

1. Treatment with anti-annoyance insecticides. Popular insecticides include Fufanon, Nitrafen, Pirimix, etc. The procedure is carried out in the spring. The air temperature should be about 4...6 degrees Celsius. The drugs are dissolved in water. You must act according to the instructions. Spraying is carried out using a special sprinkler. It is important to completely cultivate the apple tree and the ground underneath it.
2. The use of remedies that cure apple tree diseases. The most universal: colloidal sulfur, Bordeaux mixture, copper sulfate solution. Infectious drying out is recommended to be treated with copper oxychloride. Bacteriosis is treated with Cumulus, Thiovit Jet. To combat apple scab disease, Ordan and Bronex are used. This disease is afraid of urea. It is applied in the form of a solution to the crown and trunk of the tree. Fruit rot will go away if you spray the apple tree with fungicides Horus, Kurzat, VDG.
3. If the tree is severely affected by the disease, and the fight does not bring the desired results, then it is better for the gardener to remove the apple tree. This way you can save other plantings and eliminate the disease completely. The apple tree is cut. The branches are burned. The earth is disinfected with a solution of copper or iron sulfate.
4. While fighting diseases and pests, you cannot stop caring for the apple tree. It is watered, fed and pruned in a timely manner. This way the apple tree will have the strength to fight illnesses.

Why do red spots appear on apple tree leaves in summer?

There are three main reasons why apple tree leaves turn red or become covered with spots of this color - a lack of nutrients, damage by red gall aphids or.

Nutrient deficiency

Apple trees do not like heavy clay soils, places with close groundwater, or lowlands where moisture can stagnate and fog can accumulate. The roots of the plant cannot receive adequate nutrition in heavy clay soils and light sandy soils - the apple tree lacks minerals.

The leaves of an apple tree may partially or completely turn red due to mechanical damage to the bark or roots of the trees: when damaged by rodents, cutting branches into fences, pulling the bark with wire, since nutrition in the damaged area is disrupted.

For the full development of an apple tree, nitrogen, iron, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus are needed. With potassium starvation, a red border appears along the edge of the leaf, and magnesium deficiency manifests itself in the appearance of red and yellow spots on the leaves. The color of the leaves completely changes from green to red with a lack of phosphorus.

Red gall aphid

The appearance of red swollen spots and curling of apple tree leaves is a sign of infection with gall (leaf) aphids. The red gall aphid most often affects currant bushes, but also settles on apple trees, pears and other fruit trees. Having sucked out all the juices, the aphids move to unaffected leaves.

Leaf gall aphids are not always visible on a tree, since their colonies are located on the inside of the leaf. These insects choose the juiciest young shoots for their food. Aphids are often noticed only when signs of damage are already visible: characteristic raised spots appear and leaves curl. A sign that aphids have settled on the apple tree are ants constantly moving around the tree.

Aphid infestations often occur in dry, windless, warm weather. In cool, rainy summers, aphid development slows down, and its population decreases accordingly.

Rust

Sometimes rusty spots (sometimes with a reddish tint) may appear on the leaves.

If rust appears on the tree, then initially it is worth cleaning the tree - completely removing all infected leaves, shoots and fruits. To treat cleaned wood, it is worth using a disinfectant, for example, a fungicide, 5% copper sulfate or 1% Bordeaux mixture.

If you use insecticides to control pests, you should understand that the treatment should be carried out in early spring, while the buds have not yet appeared on the tree. During processing, the air temperature should not exceed +5 degrees. You should spray not only the tree itself, but also the area around it. The most effective insecticides are the following drugs.

• "Pirimix" is excellent for fighting moths and aphids. To treat the apple tree as efficiently as possible, you should use a sprayer.
• “Fufanon” is an excellent option against sawflies and cherry flies. Typically, no more than 5 liters of product are used to treat one tree, and spraying should be done either early in the morning or late in the evening.
• "Karbofos" is ideal for killing leaf rollers, codling moths and mites. When working with it, you will need a sprayer, then the product will be applied evenly throughout the tree.
• "Nitrafen" is intended to combat copperhead and scab. This product is used exclusively for treating trees; it should not be applied to the soil.

Sapling with reddened leaves

Why do rose leaves turn red?

A red tint on the leaves may appear on the seedling. If this happens, then, most likely, the young plant was overcome by the red gall apple aphid. You can fight insects with such a folk remedy as ash. It is abundantly planted under the seedling. Fly ash permeates the roots of the plant and enters the trunk and branches. The juice becomes bitter. This factor repels insects.

You can treat the seedling with Spark. This is a new generation insecticide. A tablet of the drug is placed in a 10-liter bucket of warm water. Everything is thoroughly mixed. A small tree can be watered or sprayed completely. The process can be repeated several times. Another recommended drug for controlling aphids on seedlings is Decis. You can see that the pest is defeated after 72 hours.

It is easier to fight red gall aphids on a seedling than on an adult plant. You can collect insects by hand, and then treat the trunk and crown with a soapy infusion of tobacco.

The main reasons for leaf deformation on an apple tree

In most cases, curling leaves indicate that all is not well with the tree. First of all, you should identify the cause of what is happening, then deal with the secondary signs of damage, and only after that solve the problem in the most gentle way for the tree.

There may be several reasons for curling apple tree leaves:

Next, we will consider each reason in more detail.

Lack of microelements

Deformed leaves are one of the signs of a deficiency of minerals in the soil. With a lack of calcium, the leaves of young apple tree shoots become discolored, curl and fall off. The problem is solved by applying fertilizers based on calcium sulfate, but only if the soil acidity is normal. If this indicator is increased, measures should be taken to bring the Ph level to the standardized values ​​of 5.1 - 7.5.

With a boron deficiency, the leaves of the apple tree turn yellow and curl, and dead areas appear along the edges. To compensate for the lack of boron, it is necessary to treat the tree with an aqueous solution of boric acid: 15 grams/10 l of water.

Magnesium deficiency is determined by the condition of old apple tree foliage. If they turn yellow and curl inward, you should fertilize the tree with potassium magnesia, magnesia sulfate, or add dolomite flour to the soil at the rate of 30 grams/1 m2 of soil.

If there is a phosphorus deficiency in the spring, the apple tree does not bloom leaves and young shoots do not sprout. The lack of this microelement during the growing season leads to yellowing and curling of foliage, premature falling of flowers and fruits. This problem is solved by foliar feeding of the apple tree with a 3% superphosphate solution.

Insect damage

The curling of leaves on an apple tree often indicates damage to the plant by sucking and gnawing insects, among which it is fashionable to highlight:

• common and red gall aphids;
• leaf roller (codling moth).

The infestation of common aphids can be determined by severe deformation of leaves and young shoots.

Red gall aphids can be spotted by their reddish galls (swells). The leaves on the apple tree turn red and curl.

You can determine if a tree is infested with a leaf roller by the leaves twisted into a tube and covered with cobwebs.

Insect pests can be controlled by treating with insecticides (Fufanon, Fitoverm, etc.), installing catching belts, and removing affected areas of the apple tree.

During their life, aphids secrete a sweetish liquid (honeydew), which serves as a breeding ground for various fungi.

If, in addition to aphids, a black coating appears on the leaves of the apple tree, this indicates that the tree is infected with a fungal infection.

Fungal infections

The leaves on the apple tree are curling: what to do if fertilizing with mineral fertilizers and the necessary treatments with insecticides did not produce positive results?

Infectious diseases often lead to curling of apple tree leaves, the most common of which are:

Powdery mildew lesions are characterized by the appearance of a gray coating on the front side of the leaves and their curling in a “boat”. The consequence of the disease is yellowing and premature falling of leaves, the appearance of a fungal coating on peduncles and fruits.

It is quite simple to determine whether an apple tree is affected by scab: the leaves become covered with dark spots. As the disease progresses, the leaf blades curl and fall off. Fruits infected with apple scab become abundantly covered with brown spots and lose their presentation and taste.

With a bacterial burn, all areas of the apple tree are covered with black spots, which resemble areas burned in a fire. This striking similarity gave the disease its name – burn. The affected leaves curl and remain on the tree along with the dried fruits.

The disease is infectious and quickly spreads to all fruit trees and shrubs. Can easily destroy all plants in the garden.

Fungicides are used to treat apple trees from fungal infections. The most effective remedies for powdery mildew are: Topaz, Topsin, Fitosporin. In case of severe infection, drugs based on penconazole are used.

For the prevention and treatment of apple trees from scab, spraying with a solution of “Bordeaux mixture” is used. As substitutes, the following drugs cope well with the disease: Abiga-Pik, Khom, Oxychom.

Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial burns. The most effective in combating the disease is Streptomycin.

Treatment of esophageal injury

If damage to the esophagus is suspected, it is necessary to immediately stop eating by mouth and take the victim to a surgeon. At the stage of qualified assistance, R-contrast examination of the esophagus and endoscopy are performed. Damage determined endoscopically is usually large and has crushed edges. Small lesions are often detected only by x-ray. The level of damage is determined, which determines surgical access. It is necessary to find out whether the patient has eaten, whether there is an increase in body temperature, how much time has passed since the injury, and whether there are any signs of mediastinitis. It is important to know whether before the injury there were any difficulties with swallowing due to cardiospasm, diverticulum, or stenosis.

• A conservative treatment method is used for small-sized (up to 1 cm) injuries located above the aortic arch and early diagnosed injuries. Such injuries heal in 7–10 days without surgery if treated in a timely manner.
• Surgical method. For injuries in the upper and middle third of the esophagus, a right-sided thoracotomy is performed; for low injuries, a left-sided thoracotomy is performed. In this case, a mandatory stage of the operation is the placement of a gastrostomy, since after the operation parenteral nutrition requires a lot of effort and expense. In case of cancerous perforation, perforation of a diverticulum, or extensive damage to the wall, the question arises of primary resection of the damaged esophagus. If mediastinitis develops, it is necessary to perform a cervical esophagostomy and completely exclude the esophagus from the passage.

Upon admission six or more hours after perforation, with the development of signs of mediastinitis, mediastinotomy and mediastinal drainage are indicated.

Essential drugs

There are contraindications. Specialist consultation is required.

• Cefotaxime (an antibiotic of the third generation cephalosporin group). Dosage regimen: IM 0.5 g of the drug in 2 ml (respectively 1 g in 4 ml) of sterile water for injection, injected deep into the gluteal muscle. 1% lidocaine is also used as a solvent for intramuscular administration. For intravenous administration, 0.5-1 g of Cefotaxime is dissolved in 10 ml of sterile water for injection. Inject slowly over 3–5 minutes. For drip administration (over 50-60 minutes), 2 g of the drug is dissolved in 100 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution or 5% glucose solution.
• Cefepime (IV generation cephalosporin antibiotic). Dosage regimen: adults and children weighing more than 40 kg with normal renal function 0.5-1 g intravenously (for severe infections up to 2 g) or deep intramuscularly at intervals of 12 hours (for severe infections - after 8 hours ).
• Amoxiclav (broad-spectrum bactericidal antibacterial agent). Dosage regimen: intravenously, adults and children over 12 years of age or weighing more than 40 kg - 1.2 g of the drug (1000 + 200 mg) with an interval of 8 hours, in case of severe infection - with an interval of 6 hours.

Red gall aphid

In the case of red gall aphids and the timing of their detection, it is not always advisable to use chemicals (insecticides). For example, when there is a large number of entomophages, that is, beneficial insects, in the garden, and with chemicals we will kill them too. Taking this into account, it is possible to carry out a massive installation of glue belts in the garden or in a small area (especially at the end of April at a height of a meter or one and a half), these glue belts will be able to eliminate some of the aphids and a large number of ants that are their carriers, when irritated by the antennae of which the aphids secrete a sticky and a sweet liquid - a span, which the ants feed on.

Often, instead of slightly more expensive catching belts, resourceful gardeners use ordinary adhesive tapes for flies, always smeared with an adhesive composition on both sides - female aphids are glued to such tapes (usually by accident), which can dramatically reduce the number of pests.

In addition, using adhesive tapes, you can kill not even two, but a dozen “hares” at the same time: partially get rid of earwigs, cap moths, leaf roller caterpillars (which also curl apple tree leaves, settling in them and pupating) and even the apple flower beetle, which he also gets caught in the sticky tape by accident, because he is not careful.

In order to exclude or minimize the appearance of aphids on the site, it is necessary to monitor the apple trees and remove the bark that begins to flake off, because in such places the red gall aphid lays its eggs, from which young, voracious individuals very quickly hatch.

Don’t think that by hanging your belts just once or hanging adhesive tapes like garlands, you can breathe a sigh of relief. This is wrong. Both hunting belts and adhesive tapes must be replaced with new ones every five or six days and no less often, otherwise they will be of little use. For example, when leaving the dacha, hang up hunting belts or adhesive tapes, and upon arrival, replace them with new ones. But not everything is so bad: given that the larvae are not born constantly, but only three times per season, this means that the hunting belts also need to be changed only three times.

There are also rules for installing trapping belts specifically for red gall aphids. Hunting belts must fit as closely as possible to the tree trunk, because aphids are very small insects and can easily crawl under the gap between the belt and the wood. To ensure that the belt lies evenly, first thoroughly clean the bark, removing old and dead parts, and then the belt can be applied completely calmly and tightly.

I would like to say a few words about ants; earlier we touched on them a little and talked about the ants’ addiction to the sweet secretions of aphids. So, in order for there to be several times fewer aphids on the site, it is necessary to reduce the number of these inhabitants on the site too.

Alas, you usually cannot do without chemicals; anthills are intensively poisoned using insecticides such as Nitrafen or Kemifos. Of course, you can always take the advice of our grandparents and treat anthills with soap or even cow urine, but, as a rule, if this helps, it doesn’t last long.

A curled leaf of an apple tree infected with red gall apple aphid. Svetlana Jovicić

Causes of redness and swelling

Timely identification of symptoms and correct recognition of the disease will allow treatment to be carried out as effectively as possible. Redness of apple leaves is a rather serious symptom that requires immediate action. As a rule, gardeners consider two factors causing this phenomenon.

Nutrient deficiencies

The condition of garden crops greatly depends on the characteristics of the soil in which they grow.
For example, clayey varieties with nearby groundwater are not suitable for apple trees. They also do not do well in lowlands with large accumulations of moisture or in light sandy soils. Under such conditions, trees become deficient in nutrients such as magnesium, iron, nitrogen, potassium, manganese and phosphorus. Each of these components plays a significant role in the development of the tree. Exactly which element is lacking in the crop being grown can be determined by external symptoms: Watering the garden in June and July plays a huge role. Lack of moisture leads to a change in the condition of the bark and leaves: they begin to dry out, and the leaf blades acquire a brown tint.

Red leaves can be observed after planting an apple tree in the spring, if warming suddenly occurs after a harsh winter.

If such a problem is discovered, you should not immediately dig up a young tree, since it is quite possible for it to recover on its own after 1-2 seasons.

Mechanical damage

If the color of leaves located on only one branch changes, it is necessary to inspect the entire tree. In all likelihood, the bark is tied with some object: wire, durable film or rope, blocking the flow of nutrients. To eliminate the problem, you need to free the tree from the constriction and perform furrowing: make oblong cuts in several places located above or below the damage.

Excess moisture in the soil

When growing in lowlands near groundwater, the “breathing” of the root system is disrupted in apple trees, which causes reddening of the leaves. In this case, it is recommended to form a drainage ditch near each tree and strictly observe the watering regime, avoiding its abuse.

Incompatibility of rootstock and scion

The simultaneous reddening of all leaves and the influx of tissue at the grafting site of the seedling indicates the physiological incompatibility of the rootstock and scion. This disease cannot be cured, so the problem can only be solved by planting a new tree.

Diseases and pests

As a result of invasions of harmful insects, a red coating, various bulges, growths and dots form on the leaves of the apple tree.
Garden crops are often attacked by red gall aphids, resulting in red swellings on the leaf blades. Their coagulation confirms the presence of this particular pest. Despite the fact that the gall aphid prefers to settle on currants, it also often causes harm to apple trees. Colonies of insects draw juices from the leaves, after which they attack healthy branches. This leads to discoloration and drying of the leaf plates. In cold and rainy summers, red gall aphids are much less common due to a decrease in the development of its population in such conditions.

The insect lays eggs in the bark, and the larvae that hatch in the spring actively suck the juices from the tree. As a result, the leaves curl, turn brown and dry out.

Often the cause of red spots is infection of apple trees with powdery mildew. The disease negatively affects not only the condition of the leaves, it affects the buds, bark and branches.

Initially, a white coating appears, which soon acquires a brown tint. In this case, the leaves dry out and fall off within a short period of time. As a rule, this leads to the death of young apple trees. In some cases, the effect of powdery mildew stops for some time, and then resumes again.

Infection of an apple tree with scab entails a change in the color and shape of the leaves and the appearance of a brown coating. In its progressive form, the disease completely affects the fruit crop.

How to treat and how to treat apple plantings

Depending on the causes of the spots, you need to choose the appropriate treatment method. They can be comprehensive or one-time.

Application of fertilizing and necessary macro- and microelements

Depending on which element is missing, the signs may differ slightly from each other. Therefore, you need to carefully examine additional symptoms to determine what exactly the plant lacks:

1. A lack of calcium manifests itself in the form of spots on the leaves. But, in addition to this, the tips of the leaves begin to gradually curl and then completely fall off. The deficiency can be corrected by applying fertilizers containing elements of calcium sulfate.
2. A lack of boron on an apple tree is manifested by yellow spots and the appearance of dead areas on the leaf plate. It is very easy to fix the deficiency; you just need to spray it with a weak solution of boric acid.
3. Low amounts of magnesium may appear as yellow and brown dots that spread out into large spots and begin to curl up. In order to solve this problem, you will need dolomite flour or potassium magnesium, which is added to the tree trunk circle.
4. The lack of phosphorus is felt most of all in the spring. Even at the very first stage, this is already evident: new shoots do not appear and the buds do not even open. In summer this can be seen even more clearly: the leaves turn yellow and curl. Superphosphate will help avoid this.

Fertilizing the apple tree.

If you feed the apple tree in a timely manner and follow all the principles of care, its appearance will return to normal within a month or a month and a half.

Destruction of fungal diseases

If the cause of the spots on the leaves is any of the fungal diseases, you will need to proceed to treatment immediately. These are fungicidal drugs that quickly act on the spores and fruiting bodies of the fungus. You can use Topaz, Topsin and Fitosporin, Nitrafen solution or stronger penconazole-based products for spraying.

Spraying an apple tree

It is very important to use all chemicals only according to the instructions. You need to choose the right time for spraying, prepare the exact concentration of the drug and do not forget about protective measures.

Copper-containing drugs

Substances containing copper are used to compensate for the deficiency of this element.

It is important to use all medications according to instructions to prevent burns.

Here are the most common of them:

• Blue Bordeaux is a dry substance in granules that is very effective even against colonies;
• Abiga peak is a drug containing copper. It acts by contact and is used in solution only in good weather;
• Cuproscat is a mixture of copper and nitrogen. Used in small concentrations as a root watering. Acts as a top dressing and rust remover;
• Champion is a substance that is used only in spring and autumn, creates a protective film on the leaves and prevents the appearance of fungus on tissues.

The drug Kuproxat

It is very important to strictly follow the instructions so that burns do not appear on the leaves.

Sulfur-containing drugs

Another way to get rid of brown spots is sulfur preparations. Most often used:

• a solution of colloidal sulfur, which is applied to the leaf before and after flowering;
• Famulus is a substance containing sulfur that is dissolved in water and used for irrigation.

Before using one of these drugs, you need to pay attention to the instructions and expiration dates indicated on the package

Treatment of apple tree leaves with biological preparations

Biological drugs are based on biological toxins. Their action is softer and more gentle, helps prevent the appearance of fungi, improve immunity and eliminate the consequences of damage caused.

The best biological solutions are Trichodermin, Planriz, and Phytodoctor. They are easy to prepare at home and are not considered very toxic or dangerous to humans or beneficial insects.

Treatment

Treatment will depend on the underlying cause. Many types of lumps under the tongue, such as ulcers and mild HPV infections, go away on their own without medical intervention.

HPV infection: Your doctor may freeze the mouth ulcer using cryotherapy or administer an antiviral drug called interferon alpha-2B.

Cysts: use drainage of lymphoepithelial cyst and oral mucocele. Your doctor may recommend removing the cyst using laser therapy or freezing it using cryotherapy.

Sialolithiasis: treated with anti-inflammatory drugs

You can dislodge the stone by massaging the salivary gland or by gently probing the affected area with a blunt object. Your doctor may recommend surgery to remove a large salivary stone.

Salivary gland tumors: Your doctor will likely recommend surgery for salivary gland tumors

During surgery, the tumor is removed along with surrounding tissue. If cancer cells are identified in other parts of the body, systemic treatment such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy is given.

The following home remedies will help promote healing and relieve the unpleasant symptoms of a lump under the tongue:

• good oral hygiene
• using medicated mouth rinse
• avoid sour, spicy and sweet foods
• use of topical gels and mouth rinses
• quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke

The main reasons for leaf deformation on an apple tree

There may be several reasons for curling apple tree leaves:

Next, we will consider each reason in more detail.

Lack of microelements

With a boron deficiency, the leaves of the apple tree turn yellow and curl, and dead areas appear along the edges. To compensate for the lack of boron, it is necessary to treat the tree with an aqueous solution of boric acid: 15 grams/10 l of water.

Magnesium deficiency is determined by the condition of old apple tree foliage. If they turn yellow and curl inward, you should fertilize the tree with potassium magnesia, magnesia sulfate, or add dolomite flour to the soil at the rate of 30 grams/1 m2 of soil.

If there is a phosphorus deficiency in the spring, the apple tree does not bloom leaves and young shoots do not sprout. The lack of this microelement during the growing season leads to yellowing and curling of foliage, premature falling of flowers and fruits. This problem is solved by foliar feeding of the apple tree with a 3% superphosphate solution.

Insect damage

The curling of leaves on an apple tree often indicates damage to the plant by sucking and gnawing insects, among which it is fashionable to highlight:

• common and red gall aphids;
• leaf roller (codling moth).

The infestation of common aphids can be determined by severe deformation of leaves and young shoots.

Insect pests can be controlled by treating with insecticides (Fufanon, Fitoverm, etc.), installing catching belts, and removing affected areas of the apple tree.

During their life, aphids secrete a sweetish liquid (honeydew), which serves as a breeding ground for various fungi.

If, in addition to aphids, a black coating appears on the leaves of the apple tree, this indicates that the tree is infected with a fungal infection.

Fungal infections

Infectious diseases often lead to curling of apple tree leaves, the most common of which are:

Powdery mildew lesions are characterized by the appearance of a gray coating on the front side of the leaves and their curling in a “boat”. The consequence of the disease is yellowing and premature falling of leaves, the appearance of a fungal coating on peduncles and fruits.

With a bacterial burn, all areas of the apple tree are covered with black spots, which resemble areas burned in a fire. This striking similarity gave the disease its name – burn. The affected leaves curl and remain on the tree along with the dried fruits.

The disease is infectious and quickly spreads to all fruit trees and shrubs. Can easily destroy all plants in the garden.

Fungicides are used to treat apple trees from fungal infections. The most effective remedies for powdery mildew are: Topaz, Topsin, Fitosporin. In case of severe infection, drugs based on penconazole are used.

Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial burns. The most effective in combating the disease is Streptomycin.

What to do

If there are the first signs of a lack of minerals or damage by parasites, it is necessary to begin treating the apple tree as soon as possible. Depending on the reason, fertilizing, spraying and pest control are done.

Replenishing nutrients

For successful development of the crop and growing a rich harvest, it is necessary to carry out regular fertilizing every season. Each element has its own methods; mineral complexes are also used. To replenish phosphorus, phosphorite or superphosphate is used. Together with them, mineral complexes are added to create a balance of minerals.

Excess potassium in the soil interferes with the absorption of magnesium. To compensate for the deficiency, the tree is sprayed with a solution of magnesium sulfate. Feeding is carried out 4 times per season, every 10 - 15 days.

The absorption and accumulation of the element occurs after several years of feeding. To feed manganese, apple tree foliage is sprayed with a solution of potassium permanganate. 10 g of powder is added to 10 liters of water. Feeding is carried out 3 times per season, every month. To increase the potassium content, use any mineral complex containing the element, for example potassium salt.

See also

Characteristics and description of the Ostankino columnar apple tree, planting and care

Read

We fight against parasites

To combat harmful insects, insecticides or folk remedies are used. Treatment is carried out 2–3 times per season. Any spraying is carried out observing preventive and precautionary measures. Such drugs include:

• Aktellik;
• Votafox;
• Sumicidin;
• Karbofos and others.

Among traditional medicine methods, the most popular recipes are:

• 10% solution of wood ash;
• Mustard solution;
• Soap solution;
• Tobacco decoction.

Important! 2 weeks before harvest, spraying with chemical insecticides is completely stopped; only traditional methods can be used.

Blackening of leaves around the edges and tips

Such symptoms can be caused by a lack of microelements or be viral in nature.

Lack of magnesium and manganese

The presence of a black border and damage to the tips of the leaves may be due to a lack of magnesium and manganese.

This disease is called spotted chlorosis. The overall color intensity of the crown decreases noticeably, and the leaves turn pale.

The disease can be easily dealt with by replenishing the missing elements in the form of root and foliar fertilizers.

Spraying can be done:

• Magnesium sulfate (0.03%);
• Manganese sulfate (0.05%);
• Ditan is an antifungal drug that contains manganese and zinc: 20g per bucket of water.

Dolomite flour, 0.1% solution of magnesium nitrate and manganese sludge are used as root fertilizer.

Root burn

Young apple tree.

If young leaves of an apple tree turn black, this is probably caused by a burn of the root system. This often happens to young trees if they are fed with fresh manure or watered with a urea solution after planting.

Replacing the top layer of soil will help save the situation. To prevent such problems from arising in the future, you should adhere to the rules of care.

Attention! Young seedlings should not be fertilized during the year of planting.

Mosaic

A viral disease that begins on the leaves with bright yellow stripes and dots.

Subsequently, they turn black, and the tissues in these places die. The apple tree drops damaged leaves.

The growth and development of the tree is inhibited.

The number of fruits with mosaic can be halved. As the disease develops, fruiting disappears.

The virus cannot be treated. The recommendations given by experts suggest the complete destruction of such trees.

Lack of fertilizing

The curling of apple tree leaves can also tell us about the lack of elements in the soil. For example, if there is little nitrogen in the soil where an apple tree grows, its leaves will begin to curl and at the same time acquire a light green color. If the problem is not corrected, the leaves will turn yellow and begin to fall off much earlier than expected.

The fastest way to restore nitrogen deficiency in the soil is by adding ammonium nitrate to the soil (18-20 g per tree, dissolved in water) or treating the plants with the same amount in the evening. For treatments, in addition to ammonium nitrate, you can also use a urea solution (0.5%); in the evening, you also need to treat the tree with it, especially carefully its leaf blades.

The leaves of the apple tree also curl when there is a lack of phosphorus, and they seem to become discolored, becoming bronze, reddish or even purple. Eventually the leaves dry out completely and their color becomes a repulsive black. Remember that apple trees usually experience a lack of phosphorus on acidic soil if the owner saved on adding organic matter or never added it at all.

First aid for an apple tree whose leaf blades have begun to curl due to lack of phosphorus is to add superphosphate. On acidic soils, superphosphate may not help, here it is better to use phosphate rock and no matter how difficult it is, you will have to dissolve the fertilizers in water as thoroughly as possible, loosen the soil in the tree trunk before applying, moisten it and mulch with humus after application, so that the active substance of the fertilizer did not evaporate under the rays of the sun. If the soils are very acidic (pH below 5.0), then you can pre-apply potassium monophosphate, and after five days - the main fertilizing.

The leaves of an apple tree can also curl due to a deficiency of potassium in the soil; usually such curling occurs simultaneously with their blanching. With a potassium deficiency, the leaves of an apple tree become dull and take on a repulsive, bluish-green color, and the edges curl down, from which we can understand that they lack potassium. A little later, a rim forms around the leaves, which begins to dry out, the leaf blade becomes clumsy, develops unevenly, and if the potassium deficiency is not eliminated, the leaves will completely wrinkle.

Interestingly, potassium deficiency most often manifests itself in acidic soil, and also if for some reason there is a lot of calcium and manganese in the soil. The deficiency of potassium in the soil can be replenished by adding potassium sulfate or wood ash to the previously loosened soil of the bite zone. In the case of wood ash, know that the fertilizer is good, it also contains microelements, but it contains only 5% potassium, so you cannot consider wood ash the main source of potassium, but perceive it as an auxiliary element.

If the leaf blades of an apple tree begin to curl upward quite intensively and at the same time the growing point begins to die, then this is a sure sign that there is little calcium in the soil. Those leaves that haven't curled can begin to fall off quite effectively.

The first remedy for calcium deficiency in the soil is immediate liming of the soil. The tree trunk circle needs to be loosened 2-3 cm deep, pour out two or three buckets of water and pour out 70-100 g of lime, and after a couple of days add potassium sulfate under each apple tree, mulching the soil with humus after adding it in a layer of a couple of centimeters.

Lack of nutrients can cause leaves on an apple tree to curl and drop.

Why do apple tree leaves curl in spring?

Frosts often occur in the Russian Federation at the end of April and beginning of May, which lead to blackening and deformation of young leaves on fruit trees. On the contrary, this period is also characterized by increasing sun activity, which can lead to sunburn.

When exposed to low temperatures, the cell membrane of the leaves ruptures, which leads to their drying out and deformation. You can distinguish frostbite on an apple tree from damage caused by fungal infections by the color of the wood. To do this, you need to make an incision on the affected area.

Healthy wood is light gray in color. If the damage is weak, the color of the cambium is light yellow. In case of severe frostbite, the color of the wood is dark brown. The death of a section of an apple tree from freezing is characterized by a brown cambium.

This problem can be solved by competent pruning of damaged areas. If cracks appear on the trunk (frost holes), then you should fill them with wood “glue”, and then treat the damaged area with Ranet. The main remedy for sunburn is timely whitening of the apple tree.

Rules for planting trees

To provide apple trees with protection from infections and pests, it is important to follow the rules for planting them, namely:

1. Plant seedlings at the right time for this - early spring or in the second half of autumn.
2. Maintain the required distance between seedlings - from 3 to 5 m. This will prevent air stagnation.
3. Purchase planting material with a closed lump of earth to prevent injury to the tree.
4. Planting should only be done in holes prepared in advance: for the autumn procedure they are formed in the spring, and vice versa. The place for them should be chosen on the sunny side of the site, taking into account the occurrence of groundwater no closer than 2 m.

For the successful growth of apple trees, loose soil enriched with nutrients and a low level of acidity is required.

Only if you follow all the rules for planting and growing fruit crops can you get a healthy and abundant harvest every year.

Timely detection of signs of fruit rot, proper treatment, as well as preventive measures carried out over several years will allow you to completely get rid of this infection.

Previous Diseases Apple tree branches dry up: causes and ways to cure the tree from death Next Diseases Treatment of cytosporosis of apple trees and other fruit trees

Why do apple tree leaves curl, what should I do for treatment?

Gardeners treat the apple tree differently:

• From deification - the best that is in the garden;
• To the point of simple perception - well, there are several apple trees, I don’t even know the variety.

My opinion. And not only mine. Without an apple tree, a garden is not a garden. And not just one or two. What incomparable taste are the first early apples - although not quite ripe. And how fragrant and tasty they are on the New Year's table, and even more so on March 8... And even more so if they are from your own garden.

And you know that without care and care this would not have happened. We had to help apple trees resist diseases and pests. Apple tree leaves helped to do this correctly and in a timely manner. By their condition and appearance they show: everything is fine or there are some problems.

Causes

An experienced gardener knows that the healthy color of apple tree leaves is dark green. Without any dots, color or shape changes. What if the leaves on the apple tree are curled? Why?

Causes:

• Lack of minerals (molybdenum, potassium, sulfur, nitrogen, manganese, magnesium);
• Pests;
• Diseases;
• Lack of moisture;
• Frostbreakers.

Are the leaves on the apple tree curling? This is a signal for action.

Determine the reason:

1. Quickly eliminate mineral and moisture deficiency:
   Purchase the necessary mineral fertilizers and feed according to recommendations;
2. We made adjustments to the frequency of watering - we began to water more often;
3. And don’t forget about such agricultural practices as loosening the soil after watering and mulching.
4. Pests need to be dealt with without delay. If you want to eat apples and not groan about lost time later. Take out the stored insecticides and treat according to the instructions. We will look at which ones to use below;
5. With illnesses, show both patience and perseverance. After all, they did not appear instantly. In this situation, a set of disease prevention measures from spring to autumn (or from autumn to autumn) is more suitable. Exactly many diseases.

Advice! Many fungicides (such as apple mixtures) are preventive and therapeutic agents for many diseases of apple trees. If only people could take one pill and cure several diseases at once.

The urea solution will help heal the frostbite. Coat these places with a mixture of mullein and clay.

What to do if the leaves of the apple tree turn red and curl? examples in the photo

We looked at the apple tree, and it was already turning red. But not apples - leaves:

• Deformed and hanging down;
• Red bumps appeared on them;
• They began to curl up into a tube;
• And some have already gotten there.

This is ruled by aphids. Maybe simple, or maybe red-galled.

Red gall aphid on an apple tree.

Moreover, in the future (if you don’t do anything) they will be on apples. It’s somehow even inconvenient to fight aphids separately

For other pests, such attention is offensive only to aphids

What we do:

1. Select insecticides for pests (aphids, lungworts, leaf rollers and others);
2. Clean the trunks and stem branches and whiten them with lime;
3. Install catch belts;
4. Favorite places – tops, shoots;
5. Among the many anti-inflammatory drugs:
   DNOC, Nitrafen - before buds open;
6. And a whole range of insecticides.
7. Sow dill, use folk remedies (more about them below).

Why don't seedlings grow?

What to do if the seedlings grow slowly or do not grow at all (stand still)? There are several reasons for this:

Poor quality soil

The cause of growth problems may be poor-quality soil prepared from beds in which plants of the same family grew. For example, soil for peppers or eggplants was collected from a tomato bed. The same pathogens have accumulated and basic nutrients have been consumed. In addition, ordinary garden soil quickly depletes and turns sour.

Unsuitable container

The root system of plants requires special favorable conditions. A container that is too narrow or wide, shallow or deep can cause oppression. There are plants that prefer cramped pots, and there are also those who like to sit spaciously. The necessary requirements should be established in advance.

We use them. Vegetable growers have this rule: the longer the seedlings grow, the larger the pot should be.

Photo: Cucumbers are grown without picking.

Temperature too low

Low temperature in the window sill area can also be the reason why seedling growth has stopped. Keep in mind that it decreases as you approach the glass. And the surface of the window sill may not be warm enough. It is better to place the container on a stand higher from the surface, creating a small gap.

Improper watering

Many moisture-loving crops, especially cucumbers with their shallow root systems, begin to suffer due to dry soil. This applies to tomatoes, eggplants and peppers. The correct mode of moisture supply should be established. Moisten small seedlings with a spray bottle. As the plants grow, you can use cups or watering cans with a long spout. Use water at room temperature, rain or melt water.

Lack of nutrition

Regardless of the crop, plants need nutrition. This is especially true for small containers, cassettes, for example. To prevent root burns, water the plants first. Then fertilize with any fertilizers in low concentration, taking into account the recommendations presented on the package. Two feedings with a difference of 10–14 days are enough. Be sure to combine fertilizing with watering. A liter of aqueous solution of complex fertilizers is enough per square meter of seedling box.

Photo: Tomatoes are ready for planting.

The deficiency of a specific element will be indicated by the seedling plant.

What causes leaves on apple and pear trees to turn yellow in June?

In recent years, the leaves of apple and pear trees begin to acquire an “autumn” color at the very beginning of summer. This may be due to one of the following reasons.

1. Heat. If you did not water the plant with enough water, it could disrupt the nutrition of the roots and foliage. Therefore, urgently increase the intensity of watering to at least once every three days.
2. Excess moisture. However, you should be careful with watering - if there is excess moisture, the root system becomes flooded (most often this happens on heavy clay soil). In this case, the tree should be watered no more than once a week.
3. Sunburn. If you watered an apple or pear tree abundantly on a hot day and some of the water got on the leaves, this could lead to burns and yellowing. In this case, you can feed the tree with mullein infusion (dilute 1 cup of fertilizer in 10 liters of water) or spray the foliage with Zircon after sunset so as not to burn the leaves again.
4. Ingress of herbicides. If you carried out massive pest and disease control in the spring, then some of the pesticides probably got on the leaves and caused them to die prematurely.
5. Moles. These small animals could dig under and damage part of the root system. If you see earthen mounds in your area, it means it’s time to get rid of the moles.

Spray herbicides carefully, as some of the substances fall on the leaves of fruit trees

Methods of treating apple trees for moniliosis

Measures to combat monilial burn are determined by the degree of infection of the apple tree and the period of fruit ripening. In most cases, trees are treated with preparations that destroy fungal spores and harmful insects. Spraying is carried out at the rate of 10 liters of water per tree.

Fighting infection

Medicines used against diseases include:

• "Skor" (2 ml);
• "AbikaPik" (diluted to a concentration of 0.4%);
• "Zineb" (100 g);
• "Strobi" (2 g);
• "Tsiram" (50 g).

The first treatment is carried out in the bud formation phase, and the second – at the end of flowering. If necessary, the procedure is repeated after 10–14 days. Experienced gardeners recommend the product “Hom”: during the growing season, trees are sprayed with it up to 4 times. All of the listed drugs are resistant to humid conditions and begin to act 2-3 hours after use.

To combat moniliosis, such a measure as treating apple trees with Bordeaux mixture (1%) is effective.

When treating an orchard against moniliosis, it is recommended to alternate fungicides with drugs against powdery mildew and scab; this will enhance protection against infections.

Pest Elimination

Harmful insects not only cause damage to the crop, but also create favorable conditions for the development of fruit rot. Therefore, their destruction is one of the most important tasks of a gardener.

Sawflies, mites, leaf rollers and aphids damage the skin of apples, through which infection occurs, and also spread fungal spores.

The codling moth larvae carry the fungus inside the fruit, contributing to its rotting from the inside. The following drugs are used to eliminate pests:

• “Spark – double effect”;
• "Iskra-M".

Folk remedies

There are several known methods that bring effective results in pest control. To destroy caterpillars and aphids use:

• a decoction made from red pepper (100 g), onion peels (200 g) and water (10 l);
• dry mustard diluted in water in a ratio of 100 g per 10 liters.

Boiled wormwood (400 g per bucket of water) helps get rid of codling moths. Using pre-filtered and cooled product, 2-3 treatments are performed on trees:

• the first - during the period of active egg laying (from June 1 to June 10);
• subsequent ones - with an interval of 2-3 weeks.

Before the apple buds open, the trees are sprayed with a solution obtained from colloidal sulfur and laundry soap.

During the fruiting period, treatment with a mixture of kerosene (2 l), laundry soap (50 g) and water (1 l) is recommended; before use, the prepared composition is diluted by half with water.

Biological drugs

The use of biological products gives excellent results in the fight against fruit rot. For example, “Pentafage C” is used if there is very little time left before harvesting. This product does not pose a risk to human health, so its solution is sprayed not only on the foliage, but also on the fruits a few days before harvesting. Also effectively eliminate fungus:

• "Alirin";
• "Fitolavin";
• "Fitosporin M".

Useful videos

Watch a video about rust on fruit trees and shrubs:

https://youtube.com/watch?v=kax3cK5wbNI

Watch the video for information about rust on fruit trees:

See useful information about fruit tree diseases:

Watch the video on how to properly use copper sulfate and select dosages:

https://youtube.com/watch?v=L1xWN1q3Gtk

A competent approach to agricultural technology, careful monitoring of the garden and timely treatment of trees will help get rid of many apple tree diseases. Rust on apple tree leaves will also bypass you, and you won’t have to decide how to deal with it.

Prevention

To ensure that red spots, dots, swellings, blemishes never appear on the leaves of the apple tree, leaf plates do not begin to curl, or completely turn red, you should engage in prevention. A healthy tree will not contract diseases and will not be afraid of pests.

• To prevent the invasion of harmful insects, fragrant flowers and fragrant plants are planted next to the apple tree or under the tree. For example, calendula, lavender, tansy, garlic, tomatoes. It wouldn’t hurt to hang a birdhouse on the branches to attract birds. Birds will peck insects.

Note! In order to protect trees from aphids, anthills are removed from the garden. Since ants create farms for these pests on apple and pear trees.

• Many parasites cannot bite through the leaves of a fruit tree if the leaves are powerful and dense. Therefore, you should water the apple tree on time. The seedling is watered once every 14 days. The mature plant is rarer.
• In order for the apple tree to always have enough nutrients, it is properly fertilized, but one should not overdo it. It is undesirable to add too much nitrogen or chicken manure. With organic matter and mineral fertilizers, moderation should be observed. In spring, the tree can be fed with humus or compost, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium. In summer, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus. At the end of August, superphosphate and potassium sulfate are added to poor soil.
• Many diseases can be prevented if pruning is done on time. In early spring, all old branches and shoots with signs of disease are removed. The tree trunk must be whitened. It also comes with adhesive tape to help catch those pesky pests.
• In early spring, trees are treated with Bordeaux mixture. The product acts as a prevention of diseases and many pests. The area under the crop should also be treated. In this way, you can get rid of the larvae of harmful insects and fungi. It is also recommended to spill the soil with a solution of copper sulfate. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture is also carried out in the fall, after even one apple cannot be found on the tree.

Reddening of leaves and their curling can indicate various problems to the gardener. It is important for a person to recognize the disease in time and know what to do to help the plant.

1 1 vote

Article rating

Spraying apple trees before buds open

Whiten the trunks and skeletal branches with a mixture of copper sulfate, lime and clay. Thereby:

• Treat for diseases;
• Treat for pests.

Prepare and apply tank mixes (compatible fungicides and insecticides).

Everything that has hidden, remained and been preserved in the bark, buds, unpicked affected and spoiled apples (including aphids, mites, and copperheads in the wintering stages) requires mandatory early spring treatment before the buds open.

Conduct it:

• If the average daily temperature is about 5 degrees Celsius;
• Of course, in dry weather.

I will name several options:

• The drug is 30B and after 12-15 days Bordeaux mixture 3% (the so-called blue spray). Or copper sulfate instead of Bordeaux sulfate;
• Fufanon and Hom;
• DNOC;
• Nitrafen.

Adherents of biological products know that during this period they prepare a tank mixture: Gaupsin along with Lepidocide and Bitoxibacillin.

The choice is yours!

Advice! Scatter ash in the tree trunks of apple trees - there will be fewer aphid carriers - ants - under the tree and on the tree.

Fertilizing apple trees

What to feed

Proper nutrition of apple trees is the key to their health, longevity and resistance to diseases and harmful insects, which is why fertilizing apple trees is one of the most important conditions for proper agricultural technology.

• In the first year of a seedling’s life, additional feeding is not needed; the fertilizers that you applied to the site in preparation for planting are sufficient.
• A two-year-old apple tree needs 10-15 kg of organic matter per year, 70 g of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate), 200 g of simple superphosphate and 80 g of potassium sulfate. You need to fertilize a circle around the trunk with a diameter of 2 m.
• A tree of the third and fourth year has a trunk circle with a diameter of two and a half meters and consumes 15-20 kg of organic matter, 150 g of ammonium nitrate, 250 g of simple superphosphate and 140 g of potassium sulfate per year.

The trunk circle of an apple tree in the fifth or sixth year increases to three meters, and the need for microelements increases in this way: each tree will require 20-30 kg of organic matter per year, nitrogen fertilizers - 210 g, phosphates - 350 g, potassium fertilizers - 190 g. Diameter The trunk circle of a tree that is 7-8 years old reaches three and a half meters, and one such apple tree needs fertilizer per year in the following quantities: from 30 to 40 kg of manure, 280 g of nitrogen, 420 g of phosphorus and 250 g of potassium.

An apple tree nine years old and older has a trunk circle of four and a half meters in diameter, and the need for microelements of one apple tree is as follows: organic fertilizers require 50-60 kg per year, nitrogen fertilizers - 280 g, phosphates - half a kilogram, potassium fertilizers - 340 g.

Phosphates, potassium fertilizers and the entire norm of organic matter are applied in the fall when digging the trunk circle in the first three years to a depth of 12-15 cm. After the third year of the apple tree’s life, when its root system goes deep, fertilizers are applied into specially made 3-4 wells up to half a meter deep , located at a distance of a meter and a half from the tree trunk.

Two-thirds of nitrogen fertilizers are applied during bud break, and the remaining third after the apple tree blooms. Ammonium nitrate, humus or urea can be used as such fertilizers. It is better to apply them to the tree trunk in fractions and in liquid form - as a solution of low concentration fertilizer in clean water. A nitrogen fertilizing scheme might look something like this:

• first feeding - from the beginning of bud break to the beginning of flowering;
• the second feeding - when the ovary becomes the size of a walnut;
• the third feeding - a month after flowering, when the shoots are actively growing;
• The fourth feeding is during leaf fall.

Causes of damage to apple leaves

The development of the disease is facilitated by violation of the growing conditions of the apple tree.

Possible causes of fungal damage to plantings:

• excess nitrogen fertilizers in the soil, which contribute to the rapid growth of green mass, which provides the fungus with a large amount of food;
• crown thickening;
• high air humidity;
• insufficient nutrition of apple trees;
• low light;
• prolonged heat;
• poor ventilation of plantings;
• fogs and heavy dew;
• too deep anti-aging pruning, as a result of which the immunity of the apple tree weakens;
• insufficient watering and, as a result, drying out of the soil;
• sudden changes in humidity.

Lack of moisture

The most common cause of leaf curling can be a simple lack of moisture in the soil. In addition, the green mass will begin to dry out and fall off. The optimal level of liquid in the soil on which the orchard is located should be 70–75%. Such moisture promotes better dissolution of nutrients in the soil, as well as their accelerated absorption by the root system. When watering by hand, try to use settled rainwater. The ideal solution for an apple orchard would be a drip irrigation system.

Trees must be watered at the beginning of their growth (spring), during the flowering period, the formation of buds and buds, and also during the development of fruits.