Description of plum Souvenir of the East
Plum Souvenir of the East is a tree of medium vigor. It reaches a height of 2–2.5 m. The crown is spreading, the shoots are of medium thickness and length, bare, red-brown in color. The bark is dark brown in color, with a purple undertone.
The leaves are green, matte, leathery, obovate, with a pointed tip. The plate is flat or slightly concave, the edges are smooth, with small teeth. The petioles are short, no more than 1 cm. The plum produces small flowers.
Characteristics of Chinese plum fruits:
- large size;
- weight about 40 g;
- round shape;
- as it ripens, the color changes from orange to dark burgundy;
- pronounced groove;
- orange dense pulp with a pronounced aroma;
- rounded small stone, easily separated from the pulp.
Plum has crispy juicy pulp of sweet taste with spicy notes and slight sourness. In terms of taste and external qualities, the fruits resemble a peach. The pulp has a rich composition: 19.3% - dry matter; 13.4% are sugars and 0.99% are organic acids.
Crown and leaves
The trees have an average growth force, reaching a height of about 2-2.5 meters. The crown is spreading, with medium leaf density. The bark of the tree tends to be very flaky, its color is deep dark brown with a purple tint, the shoots are hairless, bare, reddish-brown.
The leaves of “Souvenir of the East” are ovoid in shape, with a long pointed tip. The leaf blade is usually flat, thin, green on top, matte and pubescent. The edges have characteristic serrations of a small crenate type.
Characteristics of plum Souvenir of the East
According to its characteristics, Souvenir of the East stands out among other varieties of Chinese plums in its high yield and marketable appearance of the fruit.
Drought resistance, frost resistance
Drought resistance is average. Watering is necessary for trees during flowering and fruit formation. Stagnation of moisture in the soil is no less destructive for the crop.
Plum is valued for its high winter hardiness. Spring thaws are the most dangerous for plums. The tree quickly emerges from the dormant stage, which leads to warming of the bark. Therefore, in cold regions it is recommended to graft the variety onto more winter-hardy trees.
Plum pollinators Souvenir of the East
The plum Souvenir of the East does not bear fruit without a pollinator. It is best to use diploid cherry plum or plum variety Gigant for these purposes. Other plum varieties that bloom early are also suitable.
The variety blooms at the end of April - beginning of May. The shoots are strewn with flowers. The harvest can be harvested in the middle period - in mid-August.
Productivity and fruiting
The variety is characterized by high yield: 26–45 kg per tree. The fruits are collected in large clusters and ripen on bouquet branches. Plums grow singly on summer shoots.
Area of application of berries
The fruits of the variety are used for table purposes. It is recommended to consume them fresh or process them into juice or jam. The variety is not suitable for canning, since the fruits are very soft.
Resistance to diseases and pests
The variety has low resistance to cluster blight. Preventive spraying and compliance with agricultural practices help protect the tree from diseases and pests.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The main advantages of the Souvenir of the East variety:
- bright, large-sized fruits;
- high winter hardiness;
- decent productivity.
When growing a variety, its disadvantages are taken into account:
- warming the plum;
- need for pollinators.
History of the variety
The author of the Manchurian Beauty plum variety is Russian breeder M. F. Ivanov. The variety was selected among Chinese plum seedlings at Aomen station in Manchuria. The variety was sent to the Far East by A. A. Taratukhin, studied, propagated and distributed by N. N. Tikhonov. According to a number of scientists, this variety combines the characteristics of three types of plums: Simon, Chinese and Ussuri. In 1947, the Manchurian beauty was included in the assortment of the Far Eastern, East Siberian, West Siberian and Ural regions. Recommended for cultivation in Siberia, the Far East and the European part of Russia.
Landing Features
Proper planting is the key to high survival rate of the seedling and its development. Particular attention is paid to choosing a location, preparing seedlings and soil.
Recommended timing
The time for planting the Chinese plum Souvenir of the East depends on weather conditions. If winter comes late in the region, then work is carried out in the fall, when the leaf fall ends. If there is still a possibility of early snowfall, then planting is done in the spring, before the leaves bloom.
Choosing a suitable location
The place for growing Chinese plums is chosen taking into account a number of factors:
- illumination;
- location of groundwater;
- soil composition and moisture.
Chinese plum is planted on the south or west side of the site. This way the tree will receive the necessary natural light. Places in lowlands where moisture constantly accumulates are not suitable for planting. The permissible groundwater depth is 1.5 m or more.
Plum grows well in any soil except acidified ones. The largest yields are obtained when growing a tree in light soil rich in nutrients.
What crops can and cannot be planted nearby?
It is best to plant plums in a group of 2-3 varieties. Leave 3–4 m between trees.
The culture gets along well with apple trees, raspberries, currants and gooseberries. Plums are removed as much as possible from cherries, cherries and pears.
Selection and preparation of planting material
For planting, select healthy seedlings of the Souvenir of the East variety without damage. The optimal shoot thickness is 2.5 cm, length is 50 cm. If the roots of the tree are dry, they are kept in water for 4–5 hours before planting.
Landing algorithm
The procedure for planting plum varieties Souvenir of the East:
- First a hole is dug. To fill it, fertile soil and peat are taken in equal quantities. 180 g of superphosphate and 100 g of potassium salt are added to them.
- The resulting substrate is poured into the pit.
- When the soil settles, begin preparing the seedling. Earth is poured into the hole to form a small hill.
- A plant is placed on top, its roots are straightened. The root collar is left at a distance of 5–7 cm from the ground.
- The roots are covered with soil. The seedling is watered.
- Mulch the tree trunk circle with humus or peat.
Features of the best Ussuri plum variety Snow White
History of breeding and description of the variety
Snow White was bred by the domestic breeder K.K. Mullayanov. Working on a new variety, the scientist pursued the goal of creating a variety that could successfully grow and bear fruit in the difficult conditions of Siberia and the Urals.
The efforts were not wasted: already in 1998, the plant of the new variety easily tolerated extreme frost of -40 °C, while the yield indicators for the next year were not affected.
In general, Snow White is distinguished by its frost resistance, light yellow fruits and spreading crown.
Characteristics of the tree and fruits
The height of the tree is not amazing - plums of this variety rarely grow above 2.5 m. But their crown is lush and spreading, reaching 4 m in diameter, and adds about 50 cm in volume every year. The leaves are regular oblong in shape, rich green in color, with a glossy surface. The appearance of foliage follows a period of active flowering, which occurs in mid-May (the standard period for all Ural fruit crops).
The fruits are yellow, regular round in shape, generously covered with a whitish waxy coating (which, by the way, gave the variety its name). Their size directly depends on the quantity: the larger, the smaller, but usually each plum reaches a mass of 30 g. On average, up to 30 kg of fruit can be collected from each tree. The harvest ripening period occurs in mid-August.
This is due to the fact that even with final ripening, a slight sourness in taste is retained. The pulp is juicy, with a pronounced plum aroma.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main fundamental advantage of Snow White is considered to be its frost resistance. In addition, due to its low height, the tree is easy to care for and requires regular processing and pruning. Disadvantages include not the highest tasting rating and spreading of the crown.
Being engaged in gardening in the difficult climatic conditions of the Ural region, we, first of all, value endurance in plants. Snow White is an excellent option for your orchard, as it has successfully established itself as a crop that does not withstand the severe Ural frosts.
Aftercare for plums
When growing the Souvenir of the East plum, it is important to provide it with constant care.
The plum tree is watered 3 to 5 times per season. Moisture is necessary during flowering and fruiting. For young plantings, 4 buckets of water are enough; an adult tree requires 10 buckets.
After planting, full feeding begins only in the 2nd year. In spring, plums are fertilized with a mineral complex containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. For summer processing, nitrogen is removed from the composition. Every 3 years, the soil under the plum tree is dug up and compost is added.
The crown of the tree is formed by pruning. The tree is pruned in spring or autumn, when sap flow is slow. Eliminate dry, broken, frozen shoots.
Preparing plums for winter begins with abundant watering. Moistened soil will protect the tree's roots from freezing. Then they spud the trunk and mulch the soil with humus. For young plantings, a wooden frame is prepared, to which burlap or agrofibre is attached. The plum is covered with a metal or tin casing to keep rodents out.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
The main crop diseases are listed in the table:
Description of the species
The main advantage of this variety is its good yield and attractive appearance of the fruit. Also, Souvenir of the East resists frost well.
But he should be wary of an early thaw. Due to the fact that this plant emerges from hibernation early, its bark may rot in the spring. Therefore, when grown in cold areas, this plum should be grafted onto the most winter-hardy tree varieties.
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This tree will not bear fruit without pollinators. Cherry plum, plum varieties Gigant or Zarya are best suited for this. You can also use other earlier varieties of this tree. Flowering begins in late April, and the first harvest can be harvested in mid-August.
The Souvenir of the East variety is distinguished by a high yield. With proper care, one tree can produce up to 30-45 kg of fruit. Usually the fruits are collected in small clusters and grow one at a time on young shoots.
Description of the benefits of the variety:
- large fruit size;
- good resistance to frost;
- high yield.
- weak immunity to clusterosporiasis;
- rotting of bark in spring;
- the tree needs pollinators.
Also, this type of plum does not tolerate drought well. In summer, it needs abundant watering, but the soil should not become waterlogged either.
Description of the plant
The height of the tree reaches 2-3 m. It has a wide spreading crown, there are shoots of medium length, not wide. The bark is dark brown with a purple tint.
The foliage has an oblong shape with a pointed end. The plate may be flat or slightly concave with small teeth along the edges. The length of the petioles does not exceed 1 cm. The flowers are small.
It is better to consume these fruits fresh. When cooked, they boil quickly, but you can use them to make juices or jam.
Description of fruits
The fruits of this variety are quite large, the weight of one fruit can be 40-45 g, they have a round shape, the color changes from orange to dark purple as they ripen.
There is a clearly visible seam on the side. There is a round bone inside, which is easily separated from the pulp. The fruits taste sweet; a slight sourness may be felt.
The fruit contains:
- dry matter - 19.38%;
- organic acids - 0.86%;
- sugar - 13.46%.
Harvest and storage
Fruiting begins 3 years after planting. The average yield of a young tree is 7 kg, of an adult tree - up to 25 kg. Fruit ripening begins in the third ten days of August and continues until mid-September.
It is important to harvest within 2-3 days after the fruits reach ripeness, as they are prone to dropping.
With proper care, the Manchurian beauty bears fruit regularly and abundantly
Fresh plums are stored in refrigerators at temperatures from +1 to +5 °C for 7–10 days. For long-term storage, the fruits are dried or frozen.
Plums of this variety tolerate transportation well.
The fruits of the Manchurian beauty are universally used. Fresh plums are consumed as a dessert on its own or as a component. They are used to prepare liqueurs, sauces, fruit purees, jelly, and marmalade. The fruits are suitable for making preserves: compote, marmalade, jam, confiture.
Plums of this variety make delicious winter preparations.
Growing
In order for the plant to take root and produce a good harvest, you need to follow the planting rules. It is necessary to choose the right place for growing, prepare the soil and seedlings.
The optimal time to plant this plum variety is in the spring, before the leaves begin to bloom. But in warmer regions, this procedure can be carried out in the fall, after the end of leaf fall.
It is necessary to choose a landing site, taking into account the following factors:
- soil composition and moisture;
- lighting;
- groundwater height.
It is better to plant this plum on the south or southwest side of the site. This will give the plant the necessary amount of light. It is better to choose a place on a small hill where moisture does not accumulate. Groundwater should be no higher than 1.5-2 m.
This variety is suitable for any type of soil, except acidic. It is desirable that the soil is light and nutritious.
For a larger harvest, it is worth planting several different varieties of plums nearby, the distance between them should be at least 3 m. Apple trees and raspberry or currant bushes are also suitable as neighbors. You should not plant cherries and pears near the Souvenir of the East plum tree.
Landing rules
To get a strong plant you need to choose the right seedling. There should be no damage to it; it is important that the root system is healthy, without signs of rot. It is worth taking seedlings that are no more than a year old.
The best shoot thickness is 3 cm, length is 45-50 cm. If the roots are too dry, the plant should be kept in water for 3-4 hours before planting.
The hole for planting the seedling is dug at least a month before the procedure. Its size should be 60x60 cm and a depth of at least 70 cm. When planting in spring, it is better to prepare a hole in the fall.
To fill the hole, prepare a nutrient mixture from the following ingredients:
- superphosphate - 170 g;
- potassium salt - 80 g;
- equal amounts of soil and peat.
Then mix all the ingredients thoroughly and pour part of the mixture into the holes. After that, the seedling is lowered into it, the roots are straightened and it is covered with the remaining soil and fertilizers.
It is important that the root collar is no lower than 6-7 cm from the ground. After planting, you need to water the young plant well and cover the soil around the trunk with a layer of mulch.
In order for a tree of this variety to grow well and bear fruit, it needs proper watering. The first time moisture is added during the flowering period, and then 3-4 more times during the growing season. A young plant needs about 5 buckets of water, and an adult will need up to 10.
In the second year after planting, the first fertilizing is carried out. In the spring, before flowering begins, the following fertilizers are applied:
In summer, nitrogen is removed from the composition. Once every 3-4 years you need to dig up the soil near the trunk and add humus or compost.
This plum also responds well to:
- superphosphate;
- potassium salt;
- urea;
- complex mineral fertilizers.
A year after planting the seedling, its top is shortened slightly. The height should not exceed 60-70 cm. Then you need to carefully monitor the development of the tree.
Subsequent pruning is carried out as the plum grows:
- in the third year of the seedling’s life, you need to shorten the lateral and lower shoots by 8-10 cm;
- in the fourth year, the lower branches are completely removed and 6-7 supporting branches are left;
- after a year, 5-7 buds are left on each young shoot and 7-8 skeletal branches are formed.
Preparing the plant for winter
First of all, you need to start by watering the tree well. Moist soil is needed to protect the root system from freezing.
After this, you need to spud up the trunk and cover it with a layer of humus mulch. Young plants need to be covered with burlap or agrofibre. It is also worth protecting the roots from rodents using a metal or tin cover.
Diseases and pests
This plum is often susceptible to the disease clasterosporia. Its signs are dark spots on the foliage. To get rid of this problem, you need to treat the wood with a solution of copper oxychloride.
If yellow resin begins to leak from the branches, the tree weakens and slows down growth - this indicates gum disease. It is necessary to spray the plum with copper sulfate, and lubricate the affected areas of the bark with garden varnish.
To avoid the development of these diseases, you need to thin out the tree crown in time, remove weeds and carry out preventive treatment with fungicides.
Also, plums of this variety can be attacked by codling moths and aphids. These insects eat foliage, fruits and suck sap from the tree. To get rid of them, it is necessary to treat the plant with Karbofos or Actelik.
Preventive treatments with insecticides and whitewashing the tree trunk will help to avoid attacks by these pests in the future. You also need to dig up the soil after the leaves fall, remove dry branches and burn them.
Diseases and pests
The fruit crop has good immunity, which is why it rarely gets sick. The only disease that the Souvenir of the East plum is susceptible to is cleasterosporiasis, which affects the above-ground parts of the tree .
The first sign of pathology is brown spots with a red edge, oval in shape. Over time, holes form on the damaged fragments.
In addition, spots form on the shoots, the bark cracks, the buds turn black, the foliage dries out and the flowers fall off, resulting in spots on the fruits and gum leaking from them.
In the fight against this disease, treatment with Bordeaux mixture during the budding phase, at the time of budding and immediately after the growing season. Also, for the purpose of prevention, it is necessary to promptly thin out the crown, remove weeds and spray the tree with fungicides.
Also, the Souvenir of the East plum can be attacked by harmful insects such as aphids and fruit moths. Treatment with insecticides will help get rid of them.
Plum - decoration for your garden and table
Many of us love plums not only for their medicinal and other beneficial properties. For most people, this is a very tasty fruit, which they don’t always get to enjoy enough.
In the markets during the ripening period of plums, significant sums of money are usually exchanged for them. Therefore, the best option is to grow plums at home.
However, today scientists have developed a large variety of varieties , among which it is difficult to choose something suitable. We will try to target you both with the most popular varieties of plums, as well as with the most productive and tasty ones, which can be easily grown in the countryside.
Plum variety “Souvenir of the East”
This variety is the result of selection of such famous plum varieties in East Asia as “Veniaminova Zarya” and “Giant”.
The fruits of this variety are very large, their weight can reach 40 grams . The plums are round in shape and have a side seam. When entering the period of technical maturity, I acquire a bright orange color.
In the period of consumer ripeness, the fruits of the “Souvenir of the East” variety are dark burgundy in color, which makes them especially attractive.
The color of the pulp of ripe plums is yellow-orange. The structure of the pulp is dense, slightly crispy, with a high content of juice. The pulp is very aromatic, has a sweet-spicy taste with a slight hint of acid. The taste of the Souvenir of the East plum is close to that of peaches .
Consumer maturity of plums of this variety occurs in mid-August. The variety is mid-season , but after waiting for their large and incredibly tasty fruits, you will understand that you have made the right choice in favor of this variety.
An adult tree reaches an average height of about 2-2.5 meters. The crown is spreading in shape; a distinctive feature of the variety is the dark brown color of the bark, which has a slight purple tint. Also, the bark can become very flaky.
The tree is capable of producing very large yields in one season, even despite its average size. From one tree that actively bears fruit, about 26-45 kilograms of ripe fruits are collected . The fruits are mainly formed in clusters, but on summer shoots they grow singly.
The positive qualities of this variety include productivity and high quality of large fruits. Bright and good plums are suitable for sale , only suitable for eating raw.
In the spring, a tree can awaken very quickly, as a result of which the tree bark rots and peels off, so to use winter-hardy trees as trunks for this variety . The leaves of the Souvenir of the East tree are often affected by clasterosporiosis.
Plum variety "Svetlana Primorskaya"
The mother of this variety is the Ussuri plum, from whose seedlings this beautiful variety was obtained. The variety is zoned mostly in the Far Eastern region of Russia.
The fruits of this variety are not one-dimensional in shape : there are plums of both elongated cylindrical shape and irregular flat-round shape. The fruits are medium ( about 27 grams ), but there are also very large ones - up to 35 grams. They are distinguished by their yellow flower color and fairly dense skin.
The texture of the pulp is quite dense and crispy. Its color is light yellow. The ripe fruits taste sweet and sour, with a pleasant taste. Tasters rated the taste of the Svetlana Primorskaya plum as excellent.
This variety is also mid-season - plums ripen in the second part of September or even in the first week of September.
The variety is distinguished by its large tree size. Its crown is spreading and pyramidal in shape. The trunk and branches of the tree are characterized by a light gray color. The tree begins to bear fruit very early - at the age of 3-4 years .
It has a very high yield - on average, more than 40 kilograms of ripe fruits are harvested from one tree.
What makes this variety popular is both the attractive appearance of its rich yellow fruits and their suitability for transportation. In addition, in addition to fresh consumption, the fruits of the Svetlana Primorskaya variety are excellent for technical processing.
The variety is highly resistant to various fungal diseases of the tree, as well as to clasterosporia and rubella. This variety is highly resistant to low temperatures and harsh winters
Trees may suffer from moniliosis, which requires special care and spraying of the tree. Non-uniformity of fruits.
Plum variety “Skoroplodnaya”: description
The plum was bred by scientists as a result of the selection of the Ussuri Red plum with such an American variety as Climax.
The fruits of this variety are small, only about 20 grams in weight . They are round in shape. Their main color is yellow. However, on top they have a reddish cover, which is more intense on the sunny side of the mature fruit.
The pulp of the Skoroplodnaya plum is yellow. Its structure is fine-fiber, medium density. The pulp contains relatively a lot of juice, although this is not the maximum for a plum. 100 grams of fruit pulp of this variety contains about 10.5 mg of ascorbic acid.
ripen approximately from August 7 to August 14 .
The plum variety “Skoroplodnaya” has a medium-sized tree. The shape of the tree crown is fan-shaped. The crown is characterized by medium density and foliage. The tree begins to bear fruit already 3 years after planting the seedling. Also, the tree bear fruit for up to 21 years .
The tree has an average yield, decreasing with age (from a 16-year-old tree you can collect about 9 kilograms of fruit). In addition, the tree may have periodic lean years.
The variety is famous for its rapid entry into fruiting. The fruits of this variety are of very high quality and can be transported over medium distances. The main purpose of the Skoroplodnaya plum is dessert.
The tree's flower buds are frost-resistant. Also, the variety has fairly good resistance to cluster blight and fruit rot. The tree has average resistance to drought.
Unfortunately, this variety is self-sterile and requires pollination by other varieties. Early plum trees may develop burns, which can affect fruiting productivity. The fruit pit does not lag behind the pulp, which complicates the processing of plums.
Plum variety "Oda"
A selective early ripening variety that was bred by Ukrainian scientists. To obtain it, the plum variety “Voloshka” was pollinated with a mixture of such varieties as “Kirke”, “Abat”, “Arton”, “Ekaterina” and “Vengarian Azhanskaya”.
up to 45 grams in weight during the period of removable ripeness . They are oval in shape, one-dimensional. The color of plums is violet-brown, but blurry spots of greenish color are also characteristic. The skin of the fruit is dense.
The pulp is yellow in color. The pulp contains a large amount of juice; it tastes very tender, although dense, sweet and sour, with a distinctive spicy aftertaste. The taste qualities of the Oda plum were rated by tasters at 4.5 points out of a possible 5. The fruit seed is small and easily separated from the pulp.
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The maturity of plums of this variety occurs around mid-August . The fruits ripen at the same time, which does not cause difficulties in picking them, since the fruits are stored for only 1.5 weeks.
Plum "Oda" has a low-growing tree. The crown of the tree has a rounded shape of medium density. It is worth noting that the variety is very unpretentious to the soil for planting, which significantly expands the territory of its zoning. Fruitful parts of the tree are bouquet branches and twigs. The tree enters the fruiting period 3-4 years after planting.
This variety has a very high yield . From a 10-year-old tree you can collect about 80 kilograms of ripe fruits.
In addition to the fact that the Oda plum is a fast-bearing tree, it also produces very abundant and stable harvests of large and tasty fruits. The variety has high resistance to winter frosts . He is also not afraid of fungal diseases. Maturity comes at the same time.
The quality of the fruits is very high and suggests their use both directly in raw form and for processing into jams, compotes and prunes.
The very short storage period of plums, which lasts a maximum of only 12 days , makes their sale impossible. The variety is also self-sterile. For its pollination, pollen of plum varieties such as “Volzhskaya Krasavitsa” or “Klaymen” is most often used.
PLUM "ODA, 2 years"
Variety
— ODA
Origin
— Ukrainian variety of early ripening, selection of the Mlievsky Institute of Horticulture L.P.
Simirenko Rootstock
- seedling of cherry plum
Fruit consumption period -
mid-August
The tree
is below average growth vigor, round, of medium density.
Early fruiting, stable, high yield. The fruits
are large, one-dimensional, oval, like Hungarian fruits.
The skin is palpable, blue-violet with greenish spots, covered with a bluish prune. The pulp
is dense, yellow, with a balanced sweet and sour taste.
The seed is free Disease resistance
- high resistance to fungal diseases
Winter hardiness
- high
Main purpose
- universal - fresh consumption, processing. The variety is especially good for making jams, marshmallows, compotes, and prunes. It is grown not only by amateur gardeners, but also on an industrial scale.
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Please pay attention! The first 20-25 days after planting the seedlings in a permanent place are key in terms of importance for the rooting of plants in a new place. The survival rate of young trees and shrubs in a new location and their further development largely depend on timely pruning and regular watering in the first three weeks.
Trimming. Mandatory pruning is recommended for fruit plants. When planting, carry out post-planting pruning, leaving shoots no more than 40-45 cm long. It is also recommended to annually remove dry, damaged or fattening shoots, thinning, and crown formation. Watering. Young plants REQUIRE regular proper watering
For successful rooting of the plant, it is important that the soil is wetted not only from above (by 7-12 cm), but to the depth of the tips of the roots of the seedling (up to 35-45 cm). To do this, after planting during the first month, you must water the plant 2 times a week, 1 bucket per tree.
In dry times, it is recommended to increase watering to 1.5-2 buckets of water per plant 2-3 times a week. Mulching. To preserve moisture in the soil for a long time, it is advisable to use organic mulching of the tree trunk circle with a layer of 7-10 cm. Loosening. Regular, shallow. Weeding around the tree trunk. Important to remember! Lack of pruning during planting and irregular or insufficient watering in the first months after planting significantly reduce the percentage of plant survival in a new location.
Unsecrets of Divosad.
1. Planting dates. To achieve successful survival of seedlings, the sequence of actions is quite simple - first, a cold snap in nature, then, as a consequence, leaf fall and the transition of plants to the dormant stage, and it is during this period of cold weather and leaf fall that the seedlings are transplanted. but not in reverse order. So, cold snap to +10°C and below → stopping sap flow → replanting plants. 2. A common mistake is irregular watering. Regular watering after planting is one of the most important non-secrets for the survival of young plants.
Plum care
Caring for a plum tree, although not very labor-intensive, is still worth knowing about some important features for a gardener who is planning to plant it on his property. For example, plum can easily grow in any area and any soil, and at the same time very intensively enters flowering.
However, the fruits may never form, since all the pollen may be blown away by the wind.
Thus, plums are best suited to those areas that are protected from the winds. In addition, you should choose a place that is very bright. But still, let's move on to the features of care.
First, trimming
Unlike garden trees such as apple and pear trees, there is no need to form a plum crown . Pruning is carried out only in the first year of growth of a young tree, when all weak and crooked branches are cut off, and only the strongest and largest skeletal branches are left for further development.
In subsequent years, pruning is aimed only at removing branches growing inward and those that have formed parallel to the tree trunk. It is logical that branches that have been damaged by winter frosts, damaged or simply dried out need to be pruned regularly in the spring
Another noteworthy point that a gardener needs to know is that pruning should be done in the spring after the first leaves appear on the branches of the tree.
Secondly, fertilizer
Another difference between the plum and all other fruit trees is that it does not need abundant fertilizer . It is worth carrying out fertilization activities both in spring and in autumn, but it is recommended to do this periodically.
So, once every three years before the onset of winter frosts, organic fertilizers in the form of humus are added to the soil under the plum tree. There should be about half a bucket per tree. Also, in the fall, it is important to add fertilizers such as superphosphate and potassium sulfate to the soil. Per 1 m2 there should be approximately 50 grams of the first and 20 grams of the second.
fertilize plum trees in the spring using ammonium nitrate. Apply no more than 20 grams of this fertilizer per 1 m2 of soil around a tree trunk.
Now about watering
Plum is one of the most moisture-loving trees that grow in the gardens of our latitudes. At the same time, watering the tree must be done regularly, otherwise it can cause cracking of the fruit. In particular, it is best to choose the following schedule for watering:
- 10-15 days before the tree blooms, if there is no heavy rainfall at that time; It is especially important to water trees that grow on sandy soils;
- 10-15 days after the tree has bloomed; but you also need to take into account the degree of precipitation and soil moisture;
- in the second half of June you need to water the tree in order to positively influence the formation and growth of fruits, as well as the growth of young shoots; during droughts, watering should be carried out regularly throughout the month;
- in the second half of July it is also important to water the plum, but watering is carried out only in arid regions;
- August and September watering are especially important. Since these time periods are particularly dry; watering can affect the quality of fruits;
- If the good and warm weather lasts long enough in the fall, then even after the leaves fall from the plum tree, it is important to water the tree again.
And also about winter care
Even the most winter-hardy plums can suffer greatly from winter frosts, especially when they are young. Therefore, they need to be hidden under a layer of snow about half a meter, bending the seedling to the ground.
A two- to three-year-old tree should be prepared differently for frost. It is recommended to tie all its branches into one broom, which is tied to poles installed around it. The circle around the trunk is covered with snow, and on top with hay or reeds.
Large amounts of snow are simply placed around mature trees. However, so that when it melts it does not damage the plum bark, before the onset of winter it is treated with 4% Bordeaux mixture (3% copper sulfate can also be used).
