Undemanding and prolific apple tree Bashkir beauty: characteristics, photos, care features

History of apple variety selection

At the end of the 19th century, the Ufa tea merchant Innokenty Gribushin, passionate about agronomy, planted an orchard in his estate on the Belaya River. Apple trees of unknown selection predominated among the plantings. After the revolution, a station for the study of fruit plants was established on the basis of the estate.

In 1928, station employee .

This is the current state of the estate in the village of Kushnarenkovo:

Bashkir beauty (handsome) is a culture of folk selection, found and studied at the beginning of the 20th century. Included in the State Register of Russia. The purity of the variety is maintained by the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture.
On a note! The variety “Bashkir Beauty” was originally called “Bashkir Beauty”. Over time, the name was transformed similarly to another famous apple tree in the Volga region, “Akaevskaya Beauty”. Now both options are used equally.

Flowering and fruits

Beginning of fruiting

Choosing the planting date and preparing the site for the seedling is very important for the future yield and health of the tree.

Apple tree seedlings are planted in spring and autumn. The planting time largely depends on the region of growth. In temperate and cold climates, spring plantings are preferred. Over the summer, the seedling will have time to take root and in winter the risk of it freezing will be much lower. Autumn plantings are suitable for southern regions with warm winters and early spring.

For planting a tree, it is preferable to choose open sunny areas

It is also important that the place is protected from cold winds. Southern and western areas are suitable for planting

In the fall, before planting, the soil is dug up and complex mineral fertilizers are applied. You need to dig the soil to a depth of at least 15 centimeters. In addition to organic fertilizers, organic fertilizers can also be used. For example, rotted manure or sprinkle the soil with wood ash.

Before planting a seedling in the ground, check the root system. If there are dried roots, cut them off. The cut areas are treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Then they are soaked in a growth activator for several hours. Immediately before planting in the ground, the rhizome is dipped in a clay solution. The seedling must be planted immediately, before the clay has time to harden.

How to plant an apple tree seedling:

1. Dig a hole about 1 meter deep and 80 centimeters wide.
2. Then fill the bottom with fine drainage.
3. Place the seedling and bury it with soil.
4. You can drive a wooden stake into the center of the hole to tie a young apple tree to it.

At the end of planting, water the seedlings generously with warm water.

It is not recommended to plant fir, viburnum, juniper, rowan and all types of coniferous trees nearby.

The “Bashkir Beauty” apple tree (photo below) has medium-sized buds. Their shape resembles a cone. The leaves on the branches are wide and dark green. Apple tree blossoms are famous for their beauty. The flowers are large. Their petals have a soft pink tint.

When the fruit is fully ripe, it acquires a whitish color. Its sides have a bright blush with pronounced stripes. There are few subcutaneous points. The pulp of the apples is white. It has medium density. The apples are very juicy, sweet and sour taste. The productivity of the variety is very high. It tolerates climate change and frost well. Has average resistance to diseases.

The “Bashkir Beauty” apple tree is characterized by certain characteristics of growth and fruiting. The description of the variety allows you to decide on the possibility of growing it in different climatic conditions. The tree feels great in the middle zone. In such a climate, the plant blooms at the end of May.

Under normal conditions, the fruits fully ripen by the end of August. If the summer was rainy or cold, the harvest is harvested in early September. If the summer is hot and dry, it is necessary to ensure normal watering. Otherwise, the fruits will begin to fall off while not yet ripe.

This is a self-fertile tree. Pollinating varieties should grow nearby. The best options in this case are “Antonovka” and “Seyanets Titovka”. In this case, the fruits will be tasty and the yield will be plentiful. Preventive spraying is carried out periodically.

It is very important to harvest the crop on time, because... he may fall

Where is it preferable to cultivate?

The native region for the Bashkir beauty is the immediate vicinity of Ufa. The trees were first discovered in the village of Kushnarenkovo, in the manor’s estate. Most likely, they grew on the lands of Bashkortostan for a long time, ideally adapting to frosty winters with little snow.

The tree is loved and grown not only in Bashkiria. The variety is popular in the territory of Mari El, Tatarstan, the Vologda region, Vyatka, near Moscow, Samara and Orenburg . And Bashkir gardeners gave up to a quarter of all apple tree land for their beauty.

Growing in regions

In addition to its homeland of Bashkiria, the apple tree is gaining great popularity in Russia.

Growing apple trees in the Moscow region.

In outskirts of Moscow

Conditions in the Moscow region are not the most favorable for fruit crops. Therefore, it is possible to place the Bashkir beauty here, but you will need to be careful. It is necessary to provide the apple tree with a sufficient amount of fertilizer and choose the right place for planting. You will have to carefully protect and protect from scab.

In the middle lane

Although the middle zone usually has a continental climate, there are severe frosts and wet, cold summers. Therefore, for full-fledged cultivation it will be necessary to fully comply with all principles of agricultural technology.

In the Urals

If planted correctly, an apple tree can bear fruit in the Urals for decades. It will be necessary to strictly comply with all planting and care rules.

But the seedling is not planted young, but at least three years old, preferably on a dwarf or semi-dwarf rootstock.

Description

The Bashkir beauty apple tree is similar to the Bashkir horse: just as small, strong, hardy and unpretentious.

In the photo you can see what the Bashkir Beauty apple tree looks like:

Tree

The apple tree reaches a maximum height of 6 meters, growing every year by an average of 10 cm. A young plant of 4-6 years of age has a rounded crown of medium density . Entering the time of fruiting, the crown takes on the outline of a wide pyramid.

Spreading branches extend from the main trunk almost at right angles. The bark of the Bashkir beauty is smooth, greenish-brown. Fresh rounded shoots are brown-brown, straight, medium length, slightly fleecy to the touch.

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Chernyaeva Tatyana Dmitrievna

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The tops of young shoots covered with whitish hair are a characteristic feature of the Bashkir beauty, distinguishing it from other apple trees.

Leaves and flowers

The leaves are large, bright green . The shape is round, short pointed towards the top. The edges of the leaves are jagged, serrated and crenate.

The leaf blade is flat and smooth on top, with barely noticeable wrinkles near the veins. The bottom of the leaf is fleecy. The leaves are attached to the branches by short, dense petioles.

Large white and pink flowers strew the apple tree in the second ten days of May . The flower shape is finely cupped. The pistil has a long column and the stigma is slightly higher than the anthers. The aroma is pleasant, fresh, fragrant. Individual flowers form inflorescences.

Fruit

The characteristics of the fruit are presented in the table:

Apple pulp consists of 83-85% water. Dry matter is approximately 15-17%, of which sugars (fructose, sucrose, glucose) account for up to 13%. Organic acids (citric, malic, tartaric) are present up to 0.6%. The content of ascorbic acid is quite high - up to 11 mg per 100 grams of pulp. Calorie content of 100 g of apple is from 48 to 52 kilocalories.

The culture of folk selection has been cultivated for centuries in one region and has been completely adapted to local conditions.

Frost resistance

Trees tolerate frosts well down to -300C .
They survive winters with little snow. Having overwintered in severe cold, they soon recover and bear fruit again. If there is not enough snow, then it is worth trampling it down so that it does not immediately melt in the spring. It is difficult for rodent pests to move on compacted snow. In case of heavy snowfalls, you need to lightly shake off the snow from the young shoots to avoid breaks.

At the end of winter, freezing rains are common, enveloping the trees in a “glass” shell. Branches may break under the weight of ice . After waiting for the first thaw, they carefully shake the apple tree, freeing it from its icy captivity.

Snow compressed into crust is also dangerous. It must be broken, otherwise the reflected rays of the sun can burn the trunk.

Resistance to conditions, pests, diseases

According to descriptions and photos of gardeners, the Bashkir Beauty apple tree sometimes suffers from severe frosts. But mostly young shoots are damaged. The tree quickly recovers and produces a harvest already in the same year.

Due to frost resistance, it does not require additional shelter for the winter period, but to be on the safe side, it is recommended to cover the trunk with spruce branches or wrap it with insulation.

To protect against winter and spring burns, the trunk is whitewashed with lime mortar, which will also repel rodents.

The variety is considered relatively resistant to pests. The codling moth poses a great danger to birth.

To combat it, use, according to the instructions:

• "Kemifos";
• "Fastak";
• "On the spot."

Slightly susceptible to fungal diseases. Sometimes they are affected by scab or black leg. In this case, they resort to spraying with insecticides: “Skor”, “Antrakol”, “Topsin”.

Pollination

Bashkir beauty flowers do not form fruits from their own pollen. Requires cross-pollination with other varieties of apple trees . Best suited:

• Titovka seedling;
• Buzovyazovskoe;
• Antonovka.

It is preferable to plant apple trees in groups, at a distance of no more than 4 m from each other. Pollen is carried by insects, mainly bees and bumblebees. Therefore, the richest apple harvest is observed in the vicinity of an apiary.

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Mikheeva Tamara Gennadievna

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Cross pollination appeared in the process of evolution. It saves the species from degeneration and preserves genetic diversity.

Reviews

Tatyana Mikhailovna, 49 years old, Voronezh: “I am very pleased with this apple tree. She doesn't get cold or get sick. My family likes to eat very tasty fruits straight from the apple tree, even in the middle of winter.”

Vasily, 41 years old, Kaluga: “I studied different varieties for a long time until I chose the Bashkir handsome. I have never regretted it. Of course, we had to get used to each other for several years until I understood the intricacies of care and began to properly protect against diseases. But I’m very pleased with the result.”

Marina, 30 years old, Bishkek: “A normal apple tree, prolific and stable. There is nothing supernatural about it, as some people praise. But in our conditions there is not much choice.”

Productivity

The Bashkir beauty bears its first fruits 4-6 years after planting.
Apples ripen in late August - early September. Immediately after picking, the apples are allowed to rest for a week and ripen to consumer ripeness. The yield of the fruit tree is high - up to 80 kg of apples annually . The fruit-bearing qualities of the Bashkir beauty are preserved for up to 30 years of plant life.

In dry weather, without sufficient watering, apples fall off before they have time to ripen.

Harvest storage

Ripe apples last up to 130 days, but require the following rules::

1. carefully remove the fruits from the tree without damaging the stem;
2. a week after harvest, select fruits for long-term storage even without a hint of rot or other defects;
3. wrap each apple in white paper, carefully place it in clean cardboard, wooden or plastic boxes with the “tail” up;
4. ideal storage conditions – dryness, ventilation, temperature from 0 to +20C;
5. You can create such conditions in the basement, cellar, or on a glazed balcony/loggia with a thermal box.

Spoiled fruits are rejected weekly. Store apples separately from other supplies, avoiding sudden temperature changes.

On a note ! The fruits of the Bashkir beauty are universally used. In addition to keeping them fresh, fruits can be dried and processed into juices, preserves, and jams.

Ripening and fruiting

There are several maturation features to consider when planting.

Beginning of fruiting

The variety is considered to be quite fast-growing. The first fruits can be harvested from it in the fourth year. After this, the yield increases quickly.

Fruit ripening time

Fruit harvesting usually occurs at the end of summer. But under cold conditions it can shift even to the end of September.

Harvest and storage

Fruits have a long shelf life. They can last for about 5 months without losing their taste or appearance.

Landing rules

Although the Bashkir beauty is unpretentious to care for, for a rich harvest of high-quality fruits, you need to make an effort.

Selection of seedlings

The upper part of the young shoots of the Bashkir beauty is covered with whitish fleecy fluff, which is a distinctive feature of the variety.
Before planting, inspect the young tree . There should be no dry, broken branches, roots, or peeled dried bark on it. Any damage found is removed.

The most resilient seedlings are three years old.

Selecting a location

The young seedling is very sensitive to cold wind . The landing site is chosen on the leeward side. It’s a good idea to build a shelter from boreas or plant a tree between low buildings.

In the first years, the root system of the apple tree grows rapidly, penetrating up to 4 meters deep into the soil. If groundwater comes close to the surface, the roots will rot and the plant will die.

Preferred soils are loamy and chernozem. Acidity is low, closer to neutral.

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Yulia Safronenko

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Reduce soil acidity by adding dolomite, wood ash, and ground chalk.

Boarding time

In cold climates, a tree planted at the end of April takes root better. A stable above-zero temperature should be established , but you need to do it before the buds open. If spring is late and cold, then it is advisable to postpone the event until early May.

Process technology

The landing process consists of the following stages:

1. 
   Before planting, the roots of the tree are placed in a container of water for several hours.

2. In the meantime, they dig a hole with a diameter of about 80 cm and a depth of up to 60 cm.
3. Next, take 50 grams of potassium sulfate and 60 grams of superphosphate into two buckets of rotted humus, mix with the top layer of soil, filling the hole by about a third.
4. A peg is driven in on the north side as a support.
5. The roots of the seedling, saturated with moisture, are straightened, distributed over the hole and covered with the remaining soil.
6. Lightly trample the ground, forming a roller along the edges of the hole.
7. The root collar (the place where the roots enter the trunk) is left above the ground.
8. The trunk is tied in a figure eight to a peg without damaging the bark.
9. Water with 2 buckets of warm water.
10. The top is mulched with peat, sawdust, dry grass, and wood ash.

Features of growing the Bashkir beauty

The survival rate of the tree, its subsequent yield, the quality of the fruit - all this directly depends on the correct planting and organization of further care. Therefore, it doesn’t hurt to make an effort to ultimately get a really good result.

Landing

Key Features

• It is not necessary to select any specific soil for the Bashkir beauty. It grows well in loam, black soil, sandy loam or any other soil. True, in depleted ones, the tree will have to be fertilized more often so that the fruits do not become smaller over time.
• The variety does not like drafts. Therefore, a place for landing must be selected that is protected from blowing. Walls of buildings, large trees, hedges, etc. are suitable as a barrier screen.
• This apple tree will not like proximity to close groundwater or wetlands; it is also not recommended to plant it near water bodies. If there is no other place, you need to provide the rhizome with high-quality drainage.
• When the roots dry out, the seedlings can be immersed in water for 7-9 hours before planting.
• The holes for seedlings should be 60 centimeters deep and at least 70-80 centimeters in diameter. It is not necessary to prepare them in advance, but it certainly won’t hurt. You can lay soil at the bottom with a small amount of superphosphate and potassium sulfate.
• They need to be positioned so that there is at least 4 meters between the trees.
• To provide support for the apple tree, stakes are immediately driven in on the north side, to which the seedlings will be tied. They can be removed no earlier than after 3-4 years.
• The root collar is left at a height of 5-7 centimeters above the soil surface.
• The root system itself is carefully covered with earth, without trampling or crushing it at all, since the variety loves airy, soft soil. Subsequently, if necessary, the soil can be lightly added if it sags. You can mulch the top with chopped leaves or horse manure.

In order for young seedlings to take root well and bear fruit consistently every year, you need to choose those that have taken root in greenhouse conditions for at least three years.

Disembarkation dates

It is believed that it does not matter whether to plant the Bashkir beauty in spring or autumn. However, experienced gardeners say that there is still a difference and a very significant one. Weak seedlings planted in early October may simply not have time to take root before the first frost and die. Therefore, it is better to choose three-year-old plants and plant them in April, so that they take root well over the summer.

Protection from frost and rodents

The apple tree does not need special protection from the cold, unless we are talking about the Far East or Siberia. Even after quite serious frostbite, the tree quickly recovers, and within a year produces a normal harvest. If necessary, you can throw spruce branches on the root zone or cover the trunks with straw, wrap them with roofing felt or roofing felt.

To protect young trees from damage by insects and rodents, it is best to whiten the trunks and skeletal branches with lime in the fall, and lubricate them with melted lard or grease in the winter. This will repel pests that might feast on the young bark.

Tree care

Loosening the soil, watering: proper agricultural technology

If you didn’t immediately compact the soil under the tree to the state of a piece of granite, then in the first year you don’t have to worry about loosening it. It is enough to dig up trees once every 1-2 years. But it doesn’t hurt to remove weeds, root shoots and other vegetation regularly.

You can water the Bashkir beauty once every ten days if there is no rain. Fertilizers are usually added along with water. However, the main thing here is not to overdo it, since the variety needs fertilizing once every 2-3 years.

Pruning: simple crown formation

The sooner you start forming the crown of an apple tree, the more correct it will be in the future. Therefore, formative pruning is carried out already in the first year after planting. Tiers of skeletal branches are usually formed with branches 30 centimeters apart. 2 out of 3 young shoots are removed, and there should be a total of 5 branches per tier.

Sanitary and maintenance (thinning) pruning of the variety is carried out annually. It is best to do this in the fall, in October, when the movement of juice in the apple tree has stopped. It is necessary to eliminate all diseased, damaged or dry branches, and at the same time eliminate unnecessary ones. Anti-aging pruning is carried out at the 20-30th year of life of apple trees, removing 2-3 age-old shoots.

Pollinator varieties

• Antonovka.
• Titovka seedling.
• Buzovyazovskoe.

Reproduction

• Growing from seeds.
• Layers (clones).
• Grafting with buds or cuttings.

Diseases and pests

• Scab.
• Blackleg.
• Powdery mildew.
• Apple codling moth.
• Leaf roller.

Rules of care

Having rooted an apple tree seedling, you should properly care for the young tree.

Watering

The Bashkir beauty is sensitive to lack of moisture. In spring, water regularly with warm water to prevent the soil from drying out . During dry times, water weekly. One watering takes about 4-5 buckets of water. When the crop is harvested, a final watering is carried out with eight large buckets of water.

Loosening

After each watering, the soil around the tree trunk is loosened to a depth of 10 cm, while weeding at the same time. Weeding is especially important the first two years after planting. A good solution would be to mulch the soil around the apple tree and plant fragrant herbs outside the tree trunk.

Trimming

The first pruning is done in early spring in the 2nd year of planting.
Leave three or four of the strongest branches sticking out in different directions. Further, sanitary pruning is carried out annually in early spring and late autumn. Remove dry, affected branches, as well as shoots growing inside the crown . Regular pruning prevents branches from breaking, reduces density and increases yield.

Trees that bear fruit abundantly are supported under heavy branches to protect them from breaking.

Young, densely flowering apple trees have their buds thinned out, removing small and weak ones.

Fertilizer

Fertilizers applied during planting are enough for 2 years . Then feed the soil according to the following scheme:

• in the spring, water with a nutrient solution of 10 liters of water and 50 g of urea;
• in summer they use potassium and sodium humate with a set of macro and macroelements;
• In autumn, potassium-phosphorus fertilizing is preferred.

It is necessary to fertilize the soil after generous moistening by watering or rain. In the summer, when fruiting is abundant, two additional feedings are applied with a break of 5 weeks.

Subspecies and options

The Bashkir beauty can be grown in several subspecies, which differ in terms of ripening.

Summer

When planted on a special semi-dwarf rootstock, it is grown as a summer plant. With a short stature, the apple tree develops a spreading crown. The beauty remains an unpretentious and productive tree; apples are harvested in August.

Late

With this type of cultivation, the apple tree is of medium height, not thickened, with beautiful spreading shoots. There are a lot of fruits, they are medium in size, ripen in September and are stored until mid-winter.

Diseases

Although it has undeniable advantages, the apple tree is not without its disadvantages. The main problem of the Bashkir beauty is susceptibility to fungal diseases:

• 
  Blackleg is a fungal disease that is often found in Bashkir beauty.
  The trunk seems to be covered with a black coating, and there are purple spots on the leaves. The advanced stage of the disease destroys the plant. They fight by removing and burning the affected parts, disinfecting with iron sulfate or a solution of potassium permanganate after leaf fall.

• Scab affects all parts of the plant and fruits. It appears as oily round spots covered with a gray coating and dying off over time. Causes the fall of flowers, ovaries, leaves, and fruits. The diseased plant is treated with fungicides based on copper compounds and triazoles.
• Fruit rot (moniliosis) - a fungus infects the fruit, turning the pulp into a brown rotten spot with white grains on top. In early spring, trees are sprayed with a mixture of 3% Bordeaux mixture with 0.3 kg of lime per large bucket (10 l) of water.

It is better to prevent diseases of fruit trees with timely, proper care. Remove and burn dry, damaged branches, leaves, and carrion in a timely manner. Water and feed the plant to strengthen its resistance to disease.

Advantages and disadvantages

This variety has advantages over other types, but it is not without its disadvantages. Although there are far fewer disadvantages than advantages.

Main advantages:

1. The tree is resistant to sub-zero temperatures.
2. Quick recovery after frozen branches.
3. Not demanding on soil composition and place of growth.
4. Fruits with a pleasant taste.
5. It has good transportability.

Disadvantages include:

1. Not precocious.
2. If the soil moisture content is low, the fruits fall off.
3. Requirement for a pollinator.
4. Weak immunity to diseases.

Pests

In addition to microscopic fungi, larger pests also attack the apple tree:

• Rodents (mice, hares) gnaw the bark of young trees. For the winter, the trunk is tied with spruce branches, wrapped in a protective net, roofing felt, and roofing felt.
• Aphids are small insects that suck juices from leaves. You can try to eliminate it using folk remedies - treating it with infusions of tobacco, yarrow, and tomato tops.
• Codling moths are caterpillars of nocturnal gray-brown butterflies that gnaw tunnels in apples. The fight consists of pruning dry branches, collecting and burning carrion, and treating with insecticides.

Note ! In the spring, remove the cover from the trunk and whiten the trunk with chalk or lime. Whitewashing will protect the tree from rodents and sunburn.

Historical information

The “Bashkir Beauty” apple tree (description, photos, reviews are presented below) was bred at the beginning of the last century. This variety has a long history. It appeared as a result of folk selection. The original name of this apple tree cannot be established for certain.

The tree received its current name back in 1928. It was invented by an employee of the pomological station Sterlyaev. He was the first to compile a detailed description of this variety. Since that time, “Bashkir Beauty” has been included in the register of fruit horticultural crops.

It is known that the first introduced variety began to be grown on an industrial scale back in 1886. Nowadays, on the lands where fruit trees were planted, there is a research institute for agriculture of Bashkiria. The apple tree is very popular in its homeland. Here “Bashkir Beauty” occupies 25% of the area occupied by apple orchards. The presented crop is also grown in the Kirov and Moscow regions. She feels good in the climate of Tatarstan, the Volga region, and the Orenburg region.

Advantages and disadvantages

pros:

• Frost resistance.
• Undemanding to soils.
• High yield.
• Adaptation to harsh climates.
• Delicious, beautiful apples.
• The fruits are stored for a long time.
• They tolerate transportation well.

Minuses:

• Sensitivity to lack of watering.
• Shedding of apples during dry season.
• The young tree does not like the north wind.
• Susceptibility to fungal diseases.
• Affected by pests.
• It's a long wait for the first fruits.
• Smallish apples.

The variety has undoubted valuable properties “built into” the genotype. At the same time, negative aspects are smoothed out or completely eliminated by correct, timely agricultural technology.

Reviews from gardeners

The impression of the real qualities of an apple tree comes from user reviews. The variety has a set of characteristics, some of which are good and some not so good.

Gardeners, in general, are satisfied with the Bashkir beauty. People are impressed by the unpretentiousness, productivity, taste of apples, and keeping quality of the fruit . There are those who are dissatisfied with the shedding of fruits and the late entry into the fruiting season, but such reviews are left by inexperienced gardeners.

general characteristics

The apple tree is early winter and frost resistant. It easily tolerates cold winters even with a minimal layer of snow cover.

The variety is one of the most popular among fruit crops grown in Russia. In Bashkiria, 25% of farm areas are allocated for it. Another name is Bashkir handsome.

Description of the tree and fruits

The apple tree is medium-sized, rarely growing above 6 meters. The crown is lush and spreading, the branches are located at right angles to the trunk, even without special formation.

The bark on the trunk and lateral branches is smooth, green-brown, without bumps or grooves. It is distinguished by strong pubescence of young shoots. The leaves are bright green and large, up to 8 cm, pointed at the ends. The surface is smooth on the outside and fleecy on the inside.

The apples are of regular round shape, medium-sized, average weight does not exceed 120 g. The surface is smooth with a slight waxy coating.

The color of ripe fruits is pinkish-yellow with a bright red blush around the entire circumference. The pulp is white and juicy, granular, sweet and sour taste.

Fruiting conditions

The variety is self-sterile and needs a pollinator nearby. It should be selected correctly, because the final yield of the tree depends on it.

Better suited: Antonovka, Seyanets Titovki and Buzovyazovskoye.

Important! Pollinators are planted no further than 5 m from the main apple tree.

You can divide the garden into strips and plant Bashkir beauty and “auxiliary” varieties in parallel - this will ensure their maximum yield every season.

Disease resistance

This fruit crop is not resistant to diseases, which is considered its main disadvantage.

Young and weakened seedlings are especially often affected. They are often affected by blackleg or attacked by insect pests.

Growing regions

The main region of distribution of the variety is Bashkiria.

It is actively grown in Tatarstan, the Mari El Republic, and has also earned the trust of gardeners in the Orenburg and Samara regions.

The temperate continental climate includes snowy winters and rainy summers. Therefore, in the middle zone, fruit trees are planted on high ground to avoid flooding during periods of heavy rain.

You can also meet the Bashkir Beauty in the Moscow region, although the climatic conditions here are poor. Long winters with frosts below -20°C and hot summers dictate certain growing rules:

• For planting, choose a place protected from the winds.
• In summer, the tree is additionally watered and sprayed with a hose.
• In winter, seedlings up to 5 years old must be insulated by tying the trunk and mulching the soil with hay and sawdust.

In the Urals and in the northernmost regions of Russia, apple trees are planted in the ground only in the spring. At this moment she must be at least 3 years old, otherwise she will not take root.

Although the variety is zoned for the middle zone, with proper care it can also be grown in the north of the country. The main thing is to prevent the tree from drying out, as a result of which its yield sharply decreases down to zero.

What is the price?

The price of a varietal apple tree seedling varies from 300 to 400 rubles .
It is advisable to buy from nurseries. Pay attention to the characteristic varietal characteristics of the seedling. The total cost is affected by the shipping distance and type of packaging. The apples themselves, due to their excellent presentation, have no problems with sales.

At retail, by hand, a kilogram of “beauty” is sold during the season for 30-50 rubles in the provinces and for 70-90 rubles in large cities. In winter, the price can rise to 100-150 rubles per kilo of ruddy fruit.

Harvest and storage

Apples begin to ripen in early September. In dry and warm weather, you can collect them even at the end of August, but do not eat them immediately, but put them in for ripening - in 1-2 weeks they will become ripe and tasty.

The fruits have a pronounced sour taste with a slight bitterness.

The harvest can be stored for a long time - up to six months.

It is important to ensure the required storage conditions. The fruits are checked for integrity and placed in boxes in several layers. You can sprinkle each layer with large chips.

Apples do not deform even during long-term transportation, thanks to which they end up in retail outlets not only in Russia, but also abroad.

What varieties of apple trees are best to plant in Bashkiria

Apples on the tree

It has been noted that wild apple trees can bear fruit for up to 150 years. Garden varietal trees are much smaller (on average 30 years). Local zoned varieties turn out to be more durable, so the Bashkir handsome variety for Bashkortostan is an excellent choice that will ensure a long life for gardens.

Other recommended apple trees for Bashkiria (varieties):

• from early summer varieties - Golden Chinese;
• from summer - Candy;
• from autumn - Robin;
• winter ones are Northern Sinap, Orlovsky Sinap and Antonovka.

They are the ones that will grow best in a given region and bring a stable harvest, but this does not mean that others are strictly prohibited from planting. By and large, you can grow anything, the main thing is to provide proper care (watering, pruning, protection from diseases and pests, covering for the winter, if necessary).

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Biological features

The tree is valued for its appearance, productivity, and durability. It fascinates with its wonderful flowering and beautiful ruddy fruits.

Check out also other varieties of apple trees: “Melba”, “Uslada”, “Konfetnoe”, “Northern Sinap”, “Solnyshko”, “Valyuta”, “Berkutovskoe”, “Sinap Orlovsky”, “Dream”, “Zhigulevskoe”.

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Description of the tree

The tree is classified as medium-sized. The crown has a rounded shape at a young age, and after entering fruiting it becomes broad-pyramidal, slightly spreading, the foliage is of medium density. The branches are tightly fused to the trunk and extend at an angle of 90°. On the main branches and on the trunk the bark is smooth and brown-green in color. The shoots are round in shape, medium in size, straight, brown-brown in color, and fleecy.

The variety stands out among young planting trees in that the tops of the shoots are white and have pronounced pubescence, which immediately attracts attention to the tree. The leaves are large, oval, green, with short pointed tips.

The edges of the foliage have serrated serrations. The upper side of the leaf blade is smooth, flat with veins, slightly wrinkled, and the back side is very fleecy

The leaves are large, oval-shaped, green, with short pointed tips. The edges of the foliage have serrated serrations. The upper side of the leaf blade is smooth, flat with veins, slightly wrinkled, and the back side is very fleecy.

Flowering on average occurs in the second half of May. Large white-pink flowers, collected in medium-sized inflorescences, emit a pleasant aroma.

Description of fruits

The fruits weigh up to 100 g, but if you regularly feed the plant, they can gain up to 140 g. The apples are wide-conical, regular in shape, and one-dimensional. The skin is smooth, glossy, thick and rough. Ripe apples are green with a reddish blush, and over time they lighten a little, acquiring a whitish color with stripes of blush.

The seeds are light brown, large, broadly ovoid in shape. The pulp is medium density, white, fine-grained structure. Apples are very juicy, sweet and sour, sometimes with a pleasant bitterness. The fruits have an attractive appearance and contain:

• sugar - 12.4%
• ascorbic acid - 11.3 mg per 100 g;
• dry matter - 16.3%
• organic acids - 0.57%!

Pollination

“Bashkir Beauty” is a self-sterile variety. Good pollinators for it are apple varieties such as “Antonovka”, “Buzovyazovskoye”, “Seyanets Titovki”.

Maturation period

Although the variety is an early winter variety, under good and warm conditions the fruits can be harvested as early as August. If the summer was cold, then the apples ripen in September.

How to make scions and rootstocks for an apple tree?

Important! Ripe apples tend to fall off the tree, especially if the tree does not have enough moisture.

Productivity

Fruiting occurs 4–6 years after planting. From one tree you can collect up to 80 kg of fruit, which indicates high yield.

Transportability

Consumer ripeness of apples occurs a week after picking. Well-ripened fruits can be stored for up to 130 days if optimal conditions are created. Industrialists especially like to grow “Bashkir beauty” because it is preserved for a long time and is practically not damaged during transportation.

Resistance to diseases and pests

The variety is moderately resistant to various diseases and pests, which is perhaps its only drawback. Blackleg is considered a common disease, and among the pests, the apple tree is most susceptible to attacks by the codling moth.

Against apple tree diseases they use: “Delan”, “Antrakol”, “Poliram”, “Topsin”, “Skor”. The following will help get rid of codling moths and other pests: “On the spot”, “Fastak”, “Kemifos”, “Decis”, “Calypso”, “Karbofos”.

Application

The variety is considered universal, since the fruits can be used both fresh and canned, dried, and other processing methods.

The most productive varieties of vegetables and fruits for Bashkiria

And we thought correctly – it’s time! The Chairman of the Union of Gardeners of Ufa, especially for KP readers, compiled a list of the most productive vegetable crops for our region.

“I recommend these varieties based on personal experience; they all grow successfully in our conditions and are very suitable for our soil and climate,” says Fanil Siraev.

CABBAGE

Late-ripening white cabbage weighs two to three kilograms. Can be stored for up to eight months.

Early, mid-season and colored varieties also grow well in our latitudes.

CARROT

Shante

This variety is considered mid-early (105-115 days from germination to ripeness), orange in color. Carrots grow up to 15 centimeters long and 5-6 centimeters in diameter. Each fruit weighs 80-250 grams. Very suitable for both fresh eating and processing.

Nantes 4

Mid-season variety. Ripening time - 78-108 days, length - 16 centimeters, diameter - 4-5 centimeters. The yield of this variety is from 2.5 to 6.6 kilograms per square meter.

CUCUMBER

F 1-Zozulya

Excellent early ripening crispy variety. Cucumbers have thin skin, grow in 46-48 days, and are 18-20 centimeters long.

Finger lickin' good F 1

The variety is considered high-yielding and early ripening; it grows in 41-47 days. They can be grown both under film (covered at night) and in open ground. The length of each cucumber reaches 10-11 centimeters. They are very convenient for canning.

TOMATOES

Agatha, Bull's heart, White filling, Peremoga-65, De-Barao, Alpatyevo-905A, Early, Siberian early ripening, Soil Gribovsky, New from Transnistria.

Very popular and good varieties. It is advisable to grow seedlings of our local varieties yourself, treating the seeds with phytosporin to strengthen them and protect them from diseases.

Giant Novikovo

Mid-season variety. From sunrise to fruit ripening - 120-125 days. The fruits are pink with a raspberry tint, very fleshy, weighing 500-700 grams, some reaching one and a half kilograms. The yield from one bush ranges from three to ten kilograms.

POTATO

Bakalinsky, Dutch

It is better to use local early, middle and late varieties for planting. Our varieties are reliable and rarely suffer from diseases. They are perfectly preserved until the next harvest.

It is recommended to germinate potatoes in the sun two weeks before planting. Thanks to this simple technique, your fruits will ripen earlier, become stronger and will not hurt.

Those who want to get a rich harvest should make compost pits in the area near the potatoes. A hole is dug 1x1 meter, 30 centimeters deep. It alternates layers of soil and dug up weeds, then slate is placed on top. The soil receives excellent fertilizer. In addition, it is a good idea to feed your potatoes with organic, mineral fertilizers and ash.

APPLES

Summer:

Terentyevka

This apple variety tolerates winter well. The fruits ripen early (mid-August) and bear fruit every year. The average yield is 40 centners per hectare. Terentyevka is small, crimson-red, round in shape.

Solntsedar

The yield of these apples averages 40 centners per hectare. The fruits ripen in mid-late July. Light cream color.

Autumn:

Altai ruddy

These apples have good winter hardiness. And the yield is truly fantastic - on average 100-120 centners per hectare. The fruits are bright yellow in color.

Buzovyazovskoe

This variety has average winter hardiness, but in general it tolerates severe frosts quite well. The average yield is 39 centners per hectare. But the apples grow large and plump. The fruits ripen at the end of August, each weighing 100 grams or more, light yellow in color.

Ural liquid

The average yield of this variety is 80-100 centners per hectare. The fruits are light yellow in color and ripen at the end of August.

Winter:

Bashkir handsome man

This variety has an average yield of 41 centners per hectare, the maximum is 152. The fruits ripen in late August - early September. The apples grow greenish-yellow in color.

Sharopai

It tolerates our winters well. Ripens in September, the fruits are large and grayish-green in color.

Antonovka vulgare

The average yield of the variety is 11.2 centners per hectare, the maximum is 36. The fruits are quite large, weighing 100-120 grams each, light greenish in color.

Pear

Bashkir summer

Tall productive tree with average winter hardiness. The average yield is 65 centners per hectare, the maximum is 166, the fruits ripen in the first ten days of August.

Severyanka

A medium-sized tree with average winter hardiness, the average yield is 79 centners per hectare, the maximum is -179, the fruits ripen in mid-August.

m.ufa.kp.ru

Watering

This is perhaps the most important part of tree care. This apple tree does not tolerate drought; its fruits immediately begin to fall off.

Therefore, it is important to control this moment and not allow the soil to dry out.

It is recommended to loosen the soil after watering to ensure better permeability of the substrate. At the same time, you can get rid of weeds that spread pests and diseases. Remember that loosening should be shallow (no more than 10 cm) due to the shallow roots of the plant.

Garter

When there are a lot of fruits, it is better to tie the shoots to a support in advance. Otherwise, the branches may bend or break under the weight.

Trimming

The crown of the plant should be pyramidal - this is the natural state of this variety. But the apple tree needs help to form such a crown. And the sooner you get to work, the better.

Recommendations:

• the skeleton of the crown consists of five main branches;
• the distance between skeletal branches should be at least 30 cm;
• the first formative pruning is carried out 2 years after planting;
• after the first formation, further procedures are carried out annually;

Top dressing

The Bashkir Beauty apple tree needs to be fed three times a season.

The scheme is as follows:

• The first application is carried out in the spring, using nitrogen-containing urea. The solution is made liquid and used as root feeding.
• In the summer, the tree is fed again, adding a complex of mineral fertilizers.
• After fruiting ends in the fall, potassium phosphate supplements are added to help the plant prepare for winter.

Wintering

Before covering the plant or simply sending it to winter, a final moisture-recharging watering is carried out. The procedure is aimed at protecting the roots from freezing.

Prevention

Since the variety has average disease resistance, it is necessary to take preventive protective measures.

A pest such as the codling moth poses a particular danger. To protect the apple tree from this dangerous insect, it must be sprayed with the following preparations:

• Calypso;
• Fastak;
• On the spot.

Birds can also help, but to do this you will have to lure them with birdhouses and feeders.

You can learn more about frost-resistant apple trees from the video: