Rizamat grapes - a sweet guest from Uzbekistan! Planting, pruning and forming a bush

Table of characteristics of the Rizamat variety

Uzbek breeders G.V. Ogienko, K.V. Smirnov, A.F. Gerasimova developed a table variety from the early varieties. Rizamat grapes would be a good choice for growing. This hybrid form has a lot of advantages; more about this in the article.

History of growing Rizamat grapes

Rizamat grapes come from sunny Uzbekistan. Brought out in the 70s of the last century by scientists of the Samarkand branch of the Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture named after. R.R. Schroeder. The authors of the variety are R.V. Ogienko, K.V. Smirnov and A.F. Gerasimov, who used the Uzbek grape varieties Kattakurgan and Parkentsky in the selection process. The new variety received its name in honor of winegrower Rizamat Musamukhamedov. After passing the state variety test, it was recommended for cultivation throughout Uzbekistan, Georgia and Turkmenistan. Thanks to its outstanding taste, productivity and beautiful appearance, it has won recognition in Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine, where it is most successfully grown in the southern regions, although it can also develop successfully in the middle zone if favorable conditions are created.

Rizamat grapes on video

Rizamat is used to obtain new varieties. For example, on its basis the varieties Rizamat resistant, Rizamat incomparable, and Rizamat blessed (black) were bred. Despite some advantages (higher frost resistance, disease resistance), all hybrids are significantly inferior in taste to the original variety.

About fertilizing and fertilizers

The use of fertilizers will also be important; a high agricultural background will also not be a minus. The soil in which the grapes will sit must be disinfected, fed and watered abundantly. Characteristics of fruits. The Rizamat grape variety is very tasty and very beautiful in appearance, this is a reason for pride for its owners. There are several characteristic features.

• The clusters look like cones and have branches of different sizes.
• Usually the clusters are large, one weighing a little less than a kilogram; there are heavyweights weighing up to three kilograms.
• The clusters are loose rather than dense.
• The weight of one berry is usually about fifteen grams, they are also considered large.
• The berries resemble four to five centimeter cylinders. There are also oval-like ones, and different shapes can be found on one plant.
• The skin on the berries is thin and cannot be tasted. The color of the berries is pink; from different sides the color differs by several tones.
• A medium waxy coating covers the top of the berries.
• Inside the berries there is tasty and dense pulp.
• As a rule, one berry contains up to three or four seeds and they are not noticed while eating. This contributes to the production of high-quality raisins.
• The berries are very juicy and sweet, the sugar content can be up to twenty-three percent. Acidity is at the level of six grams per liter. On a ten-point scale, tasters give the berries a score of nine point one, one tenth.
• Long-term storage and transportation are acceptable for berries.

Description of the variety

Rizamat belongs to the table-raisin variety and in its homeland is considered an early-medium ripening grape (growing season 135–140 days at a total temperature of 2800–3000 oC). In the Russian climate, the ripening time is rather average - the second ten days of September.

The bushes have average growth vigor. The shoots are long, light brown in color, with medium-sized, slightly dissected leaves. They ripen well. The flowers are bisexual, so this variety can be grown without pollinating plants.

Rizamat buds begin to bloom in the first half of May (about a month later than in Uzbekistan), flowering begins in late June - early July. The berries begin to ripen in the second half of August; they can be eaten fresh in the second or third decade of September.

Large dark pink brushes have a very elegant look

Rizamat forms large, branching clusters, up to 17–18 cm long. The density of the clusters is average, weight 500–550 g (can reach 800–1000 g, occasionally up to 3 kg). The cylindrical berries are very large in size: length 28–30 mm, width 19–20 mm, average weight 6.2 g, but can reach 14 g. The thin pink skin is covered with a not too thick waxy coating; when fully ripe, the side of the berries acquires bright "blush". The pulp has a dense, crunchy consistency. Each berry contains 2–3 small seeds.

The berries are unusually large in size, but peas may appear on the bunch

The taste is very pleasant, receiving very high tasting scores (9.1 points). There are no unusual aromas. The harmony of taste is explained by the fact that the high sugar content (20%) is balanced by a sufficient amount of acids (4.5–5 g/l).

Appearance of grapes

The bushes are very large and require up to 10 meters of free space, but this is compensated by their rich productive properties.

The leaves are medium sized, rounded and five-fingered. The clusters are conical, branched and very large (can weigh up to 3 kg). The berries themselves are large, cylindrical, weighing up to 15 g.

The color is pink, the side that was facing the sun usually has a more intense color. The thickness of the skin is small and covered with a small layer of wax. However, this does not affect the taste in any way, just like the seeds, which are almost absent in the fruits.

In general, the presentable appearance and excellent taste are the big advantages of this variety.

Characteristics of the variety

It’s not for nothing that Rizamat receives high marks from experts - it has undeniable advantages:

• high taste, beautiful appearance;
• high yield (20–30 kg per bush; with good care, a 15–20-year-old bush can produce up to 70 kg).

Amateurs who grow Rizamat believe that these advantages completely compensate for the variety’s shortcomings, of which, unfortunately, there are many:

• low frost resistance (up to -17...-18 °C), requiring obligatory covering of the bushes for the winter;
• susceptibility to oidium disease;
• cracking of berries in rainy weather during ripening:
• tendency to peas;
• poor combination with rootstocks;
• requirement for care.

Reviews from gardeners

Those who actually grew Rizamat on their plots are very satisfied with their grapes and are not going to part with them, except due to exceptional life circumstances.

Vyacheslav, 54 years old, Rostov region

I have been growing Rizamat for about 20 years, I consider it one of the best grape varieties. Of course, not without vagaries, but its yield, as well as taste and commercial qualities, are worth it. I don’t know of another variety that could compare with it in terms of all its characteristics. I most often plant it separately from other varieties, placing it on an arch for better ventilation and ripening. This variety requires a fairly long pruning of 12-14 buds, while the entire bush consists of approximately 50 buds. If the pruning is made shorter, the yield may deteriorate and the bush will become overgrown. Traditionally, one cluster is left on one vine. And I only prune it in the fall, so as not to spoil the yield. Many people talk about its instability, but the traditional three or four treatments per season are enough for me so that not a single spot is noticeable on the leaves. As for shelter for the winter, I just remove the vines from the supports and cover them with a layer of thick polyethylene and press them with bricks; Rizamat overwinters perfectly in such conditions.

Vladimir, 48 years old, Astrakhan region

I live in a steppe zone, where in summer there is terrible heat and there is relatively little rain, but in winter frosts can reach -30°C. My Rizamat bushes will already be 6 years old. I spray them only once per season and have not observed any diseases at all in all 6 years. I think that in my area the stability of Rizamat is at the level of Kodryanka or Arcadia. And it matures approximately at the same time as the Talisman.

Planting and care

Planting rules for Rizamat grapes are practically no different from other varieties. It is advisable to plant these grapes in the spring so that they become stronger for the next winter. When planting in autumn, there is a risk that a young seedling of this not very frost-resistant variety will die at the first frost.

Unlike other Rizamat varieties, it is almost impossible to propagate by grafting. The main method of propagation is planting with own-rooted seedlings.

Grape cuttings grow roots well in moist soil

It is not difficult to grow seedlings yourself. To do this, cuttings with 4–5 buds are placed with the lower cut in water and wait for white roots to appear. Instead of water, you can take a plastic bottle with the top cut off and filled with moist, nutritious soil. Germination of cuttings begins in the first ten days of February and ready-made seedlings are obtained just in time for planting - the first ten days of May.

The grapes reproduce well by layering. My own experience in growing grapes shows that it is enough to select a well-developed vine about 1–1.5 cm thick, dig it in with moist, loose soil and press it down (for example, with 2–3 bricks). You need to water the cuttings regularly - the formation of roots depends on this. The main thing is that there is no need to rush to separate the cuttings from the mother bush. The author made such a mistake; as a result, the separated plant turned out to be frail and required about two more years of intensive watering and careful care.

Growing Rizamat grapes - video

To plant Rizamat, you need to choose the sunniest place on the site. The soil should be fertile and loose. It is strictly forbidden to plant grapes in areas with close groundwater. The distance between bushes should be at least 3 m.

Before planting, you need to prepare a hole 80 cm wide and deep. The bottom is covered with broken bricks or crushed stone (5–6 cm). Then, approximately half of the hole is filled with soil mixed with compost and a small amount of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (you can, for example, limit yourself to 20–30 g of superphosphate). A layer of soil (7–8 cm) is poured on top to protect the roots. It is advisable to leave the filled pit for 10–15 days.

When planting grapes in a hole, you need to lay a drainage layer

The grape seedling is placed in the hole very carefully, as the young roots can easily break. The hole is filled with fertile soil, compacted, a depression is formed for irrigation and 2 buckets of water are poured into it.

Planting grapes in spring - video

Doubles and “descendants” of Rizamat

Rizamat was and remains such a popular grape variety, despite numerous attempts to discredit it by inept winegrowers, that it has many doubles.

Rizamat Sustainable

One of the most common doubles of the Ukrainian selection also has many additional names, but genetically it is in no way connected with the real Rizamat. This is a completely separate variety, which somewhat resembles Rizamat in the shape of the clusters and berries, but otherwise has nothing in common with it.

Even judging by the description of the Rizamat resistant grape variety and reviews of it with photos, it is difficult to confuse it with the real Rizamat, since its clusters are not so large, the color of the berries is lighter, almost white with a slight pink tint. It ripens much later than the usual Rizamat, and in terms of taste characteristics they are not at all comparable.

According to the stated characteristics, its resistance to disease is higher than that of Rizamat, although judging by the reviews of winegrowers, this indicator is also controversial. Its flowers are female and therefore require a pollinator. It is distinguished by its enormous growth power, in this respect it is comparable to Rizamat, but still, according to most winegrowers, giving such a name to this grape is nothing more than a commercial ploy.

The famous three

Many believe that three very popular hybrid forms of Krainova selection: Preobrazhenie, Novocherkassk Anniversary and Victor, resemble Rizamat grapes in many characteristics. Indeed, bunches and berries are very similar, but at least these forms exist completely independently and do not claim the right, at least to some extent, to be called Rizamat.

Rizamat early

The grape variety Slava Moldavia, which is also called Early Rizamat or Shahiney of Iran, looks quite strongly like Rizamat. But its berries are still smaller in weight and size, its resistance to disease is almost the same, and its taste can be very disappointing.

Descendant of Rizamat

Breeder Kapelyushny bred another interesting hybrid form obtained from crossing Rizamat and Talisman, which he initially called Descendant of Rizamat. The shape turned out to be quite successful, with berries similar to those of Rizamat, but otherwise it requires more detailed study. In recent years, it was renamed Juliana, so as not to inflame passions around Rizamat.

Finally, on the Internet you can find a variety called Black Rizamat. This already resembles outright fraud, since there is currently no confirmed data on the existence of such grapes, and its description completely corresponds to the description of the usual Rizamat.

Rules for growing Rizamat grapes

Rizamat is not unpretentious; on the contrary, it requires constant proper care. Insufficient watering, improper care and too much load lead to smaller berries and peas.

Pruning and shaping the bush

One of the main procedures necessary for growing a healthy bush is pruning. Proper pruning ensures ventilation of the bush and reduces the risk of developing fungal diseases. Vines are pruned in spring and autumn. A special feature of Rizamat is the low fruitfulness of the lower buds, so to get a good harvest it requires long pruning (10–15 buds).

Do not allow overload: Rizamat does not like it. The total load on the bush should be 35–40 buds.

The tops of the shoots should not be pinched, otherwise dormant buds may awaken and next year’s harvest will be lost. Stepchildren pinch 1–2 leaves.

Rizamat requires a lot of shaping. the most suitable options are an arch, a high trellis with a canopy or a voish (a system of horizontal trellises).

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Supports for grapes - photo

A trellis with a canopy allows you to form tall, well-ventilated bushes

Arches are suitable for forming grapes growing near the house. Voish is a system of horizontal trellises on which a grape “fan” is located.

Care must be taken to ensure that the vines can be easily removed from the supports for shelter for the winter.

In autumn, the vines are pruned, removing the unripe part of the shoots and thickening branches. The vines are then untied from the supports, carefully laid on the ground, tied together and wrapped in insulating material. For heat-loving Rizamat, film alone may not be enough, so it is better to cover it in several layers: straw, film and a layer of earth.

Grapes wrapped in film or oilcloth are sprinkled with earth on the sides

Watering and fertilizing

Rizamat loves moisture, it needs to be watered 4-5 times per season: at the beginning of bud break, at the beginning of flowering, during the period of ovary growth, after harvesting. These waterings are carried out at the rate of 40–50 liters per adult bush with settled water. It is advisable to supply water into irrigation furrows 20–25 cm deep, laid at a distance of 0.5–0.7 m from the trunk. If possible, it is better to use a drip irrigation system, constantly supplying water in small portions.

If the weather is dry in the fall, at the end of October - beginning of November, watering is carried out at the rate of 150-200 liters per bush to recharge the soil with moisture: this improves the wintering conditions of the root system.

It is advisable to combine fertilizing with watering. The first fertilizing is carried out with nitrogen 6–7 days before flowering. Nitrogen compounds are contained in sufficient quantities in organic fertilizers. For 1 adult grape bush, it is enough to dilute 2–2.5 kg of manure or 50–55 g of chicken droppings in a bucket of water. You can use mineral fertilizers - 60–65 g of nitrophoska and 5 g of boric acid per 10 liters of water.

The second feeding is carried out 12–15 days before fruit formation. The formation of fruits is ensured by potassium, so for feeding, 10 g of potassium magnesia is dissolved in a bucket of water. You can add 20 g of ammonium nitrate. The third feeding is carried out 8–10 days after the second, with the same fertilizer.

Feeding grapes - video

The fourth feeding is carried out 2 weeks before harvest with superphosphate and potassium sulfate (20 g each).

Foliar feeding, including microelements, is also useful for grapes. Some winegrowers recommend a mixture of iodine, copper sulfate, wood ash infusion and boric acid. Spraying with this composition helps not only saturate the plant with nutrients, but also protects it from fungal diseases.

Protection from pests and diseases

The Rizamat variety is very weakly resistant to fungal diseases - mildew and oidium. To prevent these diseases, you should first ensure that the bush is well ventilated, removing thickening shoots and excess leaves. In addition, preventive treatments with fungicides (for example, Dnok) should be carried out 5–7 times per season.

Treatment of grapes from oidium - video

You can prepare a treatment with your own hands: an ISO decoction is prepared from lime and sulfur. Ground sulfur or sulfur concentrate, slaked lime and water (ratio 2:1:17) are mixed and boiled for 60 minutes over low heat, adding water to the initial volume. The finished solution, sealed in bottles, can be stored for a long time. ISO gives a good effect in the fight against fungal diseases and is safe for warm-blooded animals.

To protect against wasps and birds, the grapes are covered with nets or each bunch is tied with a gauze bag.

Collection, storage and use of crops

The Rizamat harvest in different regions ripens at different times (from the end of August to the last ten days of September). First of all, the brushes located at the ends of the shoots ripen, then closer to the base of the bush.

For table consumption, you need to cut ripe grapes immediately, avoiding overexposure to them on the bushes. To make raisins, on the contrary, it is recommended to leave ripe grapes to hang for another 2-3 weeks. Raisins from Rizamat are of very high quality, tasty and attractive in appearance.

Rizamat produces beautiful and tasty raisins

Fresh grapes can be stored in a cool room or refrigerator for about two weeks.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

• Presentable appearance: large clusters and large berries.
• Excellent harmonious taste.
• Abundant harvest.
• Bisexual flowers.
• Possibility of storage up to 3 months.
• Market demand.
• Relatively early ripening.

Flaws:

• Tendency to peas and cracking.
• Low frost resistance.
• High susceptibility to diseases and pests.
• The need for frequent treatments and covering for the winter.

Origin

The “rizamat” grape was bred in the mid-twentieth century by Uzbek breeders G.V. Ogienko, K.V. Smirnov, A.F. Gerasimova in the Samarkand branch of NPOSViV named after R. Schrader.

The mid-early variety was given life by the southern varieties “Katta-Kurgan” and “Parcent”, but the brainchild surpassed both its parents and all the expectations of the breeders in its organoleptic and external characteristics. There is also a variety “descendant of Rizamat”, which is very early and in many ways superior to its “parents”.

Main characteristics

“Rizamat” is a real delicacy. It can be served fresh as a dessert and snack; it is also used to make tasty and large raisins, juice, and compote.

Ripening period

The variety is mid-early: this means that its growing season lasts 130 – 150 days. Typically, the harvest in the southern regions is ready for harvest in late August - early September.

Bush

The “rizamat” bush is large, and this must be taken into account when planting: the distance to the nearest “neighbor” should be at least 5–6 meters.

An even better option: plant grapes alone, assuming that the plant will need 10 - 12 meters of free space. There will be no difficulties with pollination, since its flowers are bisexual.

You can choose any shape of the bush: five-meter shoots are difficult to organize in any way. Supports will definitely be needed: arches, trellises - those structures to which powerful vines can be securely attached.

Important! Free space for the “rizamat” bush is an important component of a bountiful harvest.

bunches

The variety's clusters are impressive with their significant size. The average weight ranges from 700 - 900 grams, but with properly organized care they can gain weight by 1.5 - 3 kg. The brush is conical in shape, loose, rather loose.

Berries

A real miracle is the grape berries: large, juicy, fleshy. Their weight ranges from 8 to 15 g, size – 30*20 mm. The shape of the berries is mainly cylindrical, but variations are possible, occurring even on one bush. For such large berries, the seeds are quite small, 3–4 per one, so you can hardly feel them when eating them.

The color of the fruit is pink, and the side that has been exposed to the sun longer has a deeper, rich burgundy-purple hue. The skin is thin, covered with a waxy coating of medium density. The pulp is juicy, dense, crispy.

Reference! “Rizamat” grapes, when fully ripe, have a sugar content of 18–25% with an acidity of 5–6 g/l. Tasters rate its organoleptic properties very highly: 9.1 points out of 10 possible.

Taste

High levels of sugar accumulation in the clusters determine the unusual sweetness of the variety, but without unpleasant cloying. The taste is harmonious, with light refreshing notes.

Features of cultivation

“Rizamat” is a capricious variety that requires regular watering and fertilizing, systematic removal of weeds around, fertile soil, and constant treatments with fungicides.

Trimming

One of the main measures for caring for a plant is pruning the bush. The maximum recommended load on grapes is 40–50 buds, pruning size is 12–15 buds. If these recommendations are not followed, the berries will become smaller and the harvest volume will decrease.

It is also important to monitor the stepchildren; their growth may increase in the case of “excessive” circumcision. All shoots must be pinched during the entire growing season.

Attention ! Experienced winegrowers recommend pruning the variety only in the fall; removing excess shoots in the warm season will lead to low yields. In spring, only sanitary pruning of the bush is allowed: remove broken, frozen, damaged branches and shoots.

Diseases and pests

“Rizamat” grapes are not resistant to diseases and require, on average, at least 3 (maximum 7) treatments per season: when the sprouts reach 20 cm in length, before flowering and after it, when the berries become like peas.

The weakest point of “rizamat” is oidium. It is very simple to protect the plant: it is enough to regularly ventilate the bushes, i.e. shoot them, tie up the shoots, remove the weeds around the bush in a timely manner.

Among the chemical preparations, we can recommend sulfur powder, which should be used to pollinate the plant, or fungicides, which are not difficult to purchase in specialized stores. Popular drugs are Horus, Strobi, Topaz, Tiovit Jet.

Another threat is wasps and birds. To protect against insects flying onto sweet, cracked berries, special baits with poison are usually placed. You can protect the plant from birds using nets that wrap the grape clusters.

Preparing for winter

A prerequisite for the growth of “rizamat” grapes is to ensure proper protection during the cold season, even in the southern regions of Russia, because the plant comes from Central Asia, where winter is a relative concept. The algorithm of actions is as follows:

• Water the plant and prune it.
• At the base of the bush, the soil must be covered with a thick layer of humus and dry foliage (spruce branches).
• The vines must be removed from the supports and placed on the surface of the soil, having previously been wrapped in burlap or other insulation. On top is a layer of foliage and earth.
• After snowfall, high snowdrifts should be formed over the shoots.

Experienced winegrowers do not recommend wrapping vines in plastic alone. Winters are rarely constant, and at the first thaw inside such a “greenhouse” the vines and buds may damp out. Therefore, it is advisable to first wrap the lashes in burlap and only then in polyethylene with holes for ventilation.

Harvest storage

The variety is distinguished by its high yield: 30–80 kg can be harvested from one bush, and 200–250 centners from a hectare. After harvesting, the brushes must be placed in a special container. The variety is well transported and stored: in the refrigerator - up to 3 weeks, and in specialized chambers - up to 3 months.

Attention! It is important not to leave the bunches on the bushes too long after ripening: they will quickly lose their presentation, and wasps will significantly spoil the appearance of the berries.

Regions

It is recommended to grow this variety in the south of Russia, as well as in southern countries: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine. The grapes will ripen in them by the end of August. But cultivating “rizamat” in a temperate climate (Central Russia) is problematic and requires a lot of effort. The berries will ripen in a cool climate compared to the south only by the end of September.

Comparisons with analogues

In appearance, “rizamat” is similar to the “original”, “radiant raisins”: the same pink color and elongated shape of the berries, sweet, pleasant taste. All these varieties have in common a weak resistance to diseases.

Mid-season varieties “Amursky”, “Podarok Zaporozhye”, “Levokumsky”, “Talisman” win in terms of winter hardiness, but in terms of taste characteristics “Rizamat” is ahead of them, although, as they say, this is a matter of taste.

Collection, storage and use of crops

The ripening time of the harvest depends on the region where the grapes are grown. In some areas, grapes are harvested at the end of August, and in others - until the last ten days of September. The fruits on the top of the shoots ripen first.

Harvest ripening time depends on the region where the grapes are grown

To use fresh grapes, ripe bunches must be cut promptly, eliminating their overexposure on the vine. Leaving the crop on the bushes is allowed for no longer than a week. The berries begin to lose moisture and their appearance deteriorates.

The grapes produce very tasty and high-quality raisins. To make it, it is recommended to leave the ripe grapes for another couple of weeks.

Store grapes in a cellar, basement or refrigerator for about 2 weeks. Hanging storage is recommended. The bunches are hung on a stretched strong rope, which ensures their constant ventilation.

Selection of planting material for cuttings and seedlings

Healthy plants do not have black spots, plaque or spots. The thickness of the seedling stem should be 3-3.5 cm.

When choosing planting material, you need to pay attention to the cut. It should be green without any bloom. Purchasing seedlings in transparent containers has its advantages. The root system is easily visible in them. The roots should be light, elastic, without swelling, growths and signs of decay.

On annual shoots, the vine has already matured well. Before planting, the seedling must not be allowed to become dehydrated. Therefore, its root system is soaked in settled (preferably rain) water for 12-24 hours. Immediately before planting, the plant is trimmed, leaving only three or four eyes on it.

Healthy plants have no black spots, plaque or spots

Advantages and disadvantages of grapes

• The main advantages of "Rizamat":
• high productivity;
• excellent quality of fruits;
• can be used for food, as well as for technical processing;
• has natural immunity to black rot.

• The variety is not without its drawbacks, the main ones being:
• poor frost resistance;
• demanding microclimate;
• sudden changes in moisture cause cracking of fruits;
• bushes have increased susceptibility to mildew and powdery mildew;
• the vine is not resistant to weeds on the site;
• the bunches are often affected by wasps.

Protection from diseases

Another important factor for good grape growth is its protection from diseases and pests.

A good and simple means of protection against oidium (to which Rizamat has poor resistance) would be agricultural means that provide good ventilation of the bushes (tying up shoots, pinching). An important means is also to control weeds; do not let them grow around your grape bush.

It is carried out three times a year : the first - when the sprouts reach 20 cm in length; the second - immediately before the flowering period; the third - after the flowering period, when the berries grow to the size of a pea. Recommended drugs include: Horus, Tiovit Jet, Strobi, Topaz.

Do not forget to prevent diseases such as mildew, anthracnose, chlorosis and bacteriosis. It never hurts to take measures against bacterial cancer and various types of rot.

In conclusion, we can conclude that Rizamat is a very capricious grape variety . Caring for it will require a lot of time and effort. But he will repay all your efforts with a rich harvest of the highest marketability and taste. And with the improvement of protection methods, caring for the variety is no longer as labor-intensive as before.

Diseases and pests

Proper care and agrotechnical measures significantly reduce the risk of the spread of diseases and pests. But due to weak natural immunity, grape bushes are often affected by fungal and bacterial diseases.

Oidium

Fungal infection of buds, fruits, leaves and ovaries is common among grapes. It appears as a grayish powdery coating. The berries crack and rot, emitting an unpleasant odor.

For treatment, preparations based on sulfur and fungicides are used.

Mildew

The fungus appears in the form of light spots on leaves, flowers, ovaries, shoots and fruits. The leaves and ovaries turn black, the berries rot and fall off.

Treatment is carried out with drugs based on fungicides.

Anthracnose

The fungus affects the entire above-ground part of the plant. It appears on the leaves in the form of brown spots that grow and transform into holes. The plant gradually dries out and dies.

Fungicides containing copper are used for treatment.

Chlorosis

The disease manifests itself as yellowing of the leaves. As a result, the leaf cover dries out and falls off.

Additional fertilizing and iron-based preparations are used as treatment.

Bacteriosis

The disease manifests itself as pigment spots on the leaves, flowers, shoots and berries of grapes

The infection is transmitted through soil, water, and damaged areas of plants by pests.

To combat the disease, preventive measures are taken and biological means of protection are used. Severely affected plants are uprooted from the soil and destroyed.

Bacterial cancer

The disease affects the entire plant. It manifests itself as tumors and light growths on all parts of the grape bush.

It is not possible to completely cure the plant, but at the initial stage you can try to extend the life and fruiting of the grape bush.

The growths are cut off, and the cut areas are treated with copper sulfate. Severely affected plants are dug up and destroyed.

Gray rot

A fungal disease that affects shoots, berries, ovaries and buds of a plant. It appears on leaves as brown spots with a grayish coating, and on berries as purple spots.

Copper-based preparations and fungicides are used for treatment and prevention.

White rot

A fungal infection of a bush, manifested by yellow spots on the leaves and a gray coating on the berries. As a result of the disease, the leaf cover dries out, the berries rot, burst, and fall off.

For treatment and prevention, plants and soil are treated with fungicides.

Suitable region and climate

An excellent place for growing grapes of this variety is its country of origin - Uzbekistan. It is also actively grown in other warm countries.

However, the unique taste qualities made Rizamat surprisingly popular in regions unsuitable for it - in particular, central Russia. With proper care of the plant, even in such conditions you can get an excellent harvest.

A good place for planting grapes is the southern part of the site, which is reliably protected from the wind. It is important to ensure that the groundwater is deep enough.

The bush should be planted at least 1 m from buildings and other structures. It is best to do a single landing in a hole prepared in advance.

Cultivation care

Watering is carried out in the morning, when there is no bright sun. For this, water at room temperature is used. The watering interval is 15-20 days, depending on the climatic conditions of the region. After watering, they begin to loosen the top layer of soil and remove weeds. This significantly increases the crop’s resistance to pests and diseases.

Fertilizing is especially important during the flowering period of the crop. At this moment, mineral fertilizers in the form of potassium nitrate (20 g per 10 liters of water) are added to the soil. From the moment the fruits and bunches set, the bushes are fed with a solution of superphosphate (50 g per 5 liters of water). 20 liters of the prepared preparation are poured under each bush. In the fall, at the end of October, the soil is mulched with humus to protect the plant from frost.

Pruning is done in early spring. At this time, remove all damaged branches and dry vines. All tendrils should be removed, and only 8 eyes should remain on the shoots.