What type of pepper is this?
The variety appeared thanks to the work of Moldovan breeders, and only a few years later came to Russia. The vegetable is recommended for cultivation in the Central Black Earth and North Caucasus regions . Depending on climatic conditions, peppers are grown in greenhouses or in the open air.
Characteristics and description of the variety
Poljot is a mid-season variety, the ripening period ranges from 110 to 140 days . The bushes are small, reaching a height of 50-60 cm. There are few leaves, they are rough to the touch and have a dark green color. The plant rarely gets sick, especially if it is planted in greenhouses or greenhouses.
Fruit characteristics and yield
Peppers are medium in size, cone-shaped . At the stage of technical ripeness they acquire a green color, then turn yellow or red. The weight of one fruit varies from 100 to 150 g.
The length is about 15 cm, the wall thickness is 8 mm, so the variety is perfectly stored and can be transported over long distances. Productivity - 8 kg per 1 sq. m. The surface is glossy, smooth. The taste is sweet and juicy, the pulp contains a large amount of vitamins and mineral components.
Interesting! Bell pepper is a dietary product, since 100 g of the vegetable contains only 27 kcal. The vegetable is enriched with dietary fiber, fiber, ascorbic and folic acid, which makes dishes with the addition of bell pepper extremely healthy.
History and description of the variety
Let's first get acquainted with the history of pepper, and also consider its characteristic varietal characteristics.
Selection
The Poljot variety was created in the 90s. XX century The culture was invented by Moldovan scientist-breeders Yu. I. Panchev and T. S. Ilyenko, who are employees of the scientific center NIITSSSA located in Moldova.
Did you know? Chocolate and bell peppers have common properties. Both of them increase the concentration of endorphins (happiness hormones) in the blood. Considering the calorie content of chocolate, becoming “happy” through pepper is better for your figure.
Fruit characteristics
The fruits are cone-shaped. The average weight of one vegetable varies from 100 to 200 g. The surface is smooth. Ripe fruits are dark red in color, taste sweet, crispy, juicy with a bright peppery aroma.
The vegetable is used to prepare high-quality preserves and is consumed fresh.
Characteristics of the bush
Pepper Poljot is a neat plant, not exceeding 40–50 cm in height. It is a medium-leafed shrub. The shape of the leaf blades is oval, the color is dark green.
The ripening period is within 115–130 days. The yield is 2–6 kg per 1 m².
Advantages and disadvantages
- high yield rates;
- excellent commercial quality of the fruit and excellent peppery aroma;
- peppers are stored in the refrigerator for a long time;
- The fruits withstand transportation well over long distances.
The disadvantage of this species is that the size of the fruit and yield depend on the growing conditions.
Preparation for cultivation
Preparations for cultivation begin in March . The first step is to choose a place to plant the vegetable. Pepper thrives in loose and fertile soils with low acidity levels.
To prepare the beds, remove all debris, weeds and remnants of last year's plants. The soil is carefully dug up and peat, humus or leaves are added to the soil. These elements warm the earth and have a positive effect on plant growth. Large and hard clods of earth must be broken up with a shovel or rake, after which the soil is leveled.
Important! If the row spacing in the beds is not visible, it is recommended to trample them down and cover them with a layer of straw or foliage. To ensure that the edges of the beds remain clear, a rope is stretched across the border and secured with wooden pegs. This technique will give the beds a well-groomed and healthy look.
An important stage is seed preparation . First, they are checked for germination. This is done using a saline solution, where the seeds are dropped and stirred clockwise. Those specimens that sank to the bottom are suitable for planting, as they turned out to be the heaviest.
The seeds are soaked in a solution of Bordeaux mixture or Formalin for 3-4 hours, then left to dry on a clean napkin. The final stage of preparation is hardening. The seed material is placed in the freezer for a day, after which the seedlings are planted.
Planting seedlings
Polet pepper seedlings are prepared 20-30 days before planting in the garden . For this, prepare a special container: peat pots, thick cardboard boxes, clay pots. The container is first washed with water and soda. Prepare the soil for seedlings yourself or buy a ready-made mixture in the store.
Some gardeners go the other way , mixing soil from the garden and purchased soil. First, the soil for seedlings is hardened for 3 hours in the oven at a temperature of +60°C. High temperature destroys pathogenic microflora on the surface of the seeds.
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The distance between seedlings should be at least 10 cm . As soon as the first leaves hatch, the sprouts are watered. For moisturizing, use only water at room temperature; cold water from the tap is harmful for young and weak bushes.
For convenience, use a pipette so that water flows directly under the root . After 2 weeks, the seedlings are fed with liquid organic fertilizers, such as chicken droppings or a solution of wood ash. Fertilizers improve the immunity of peppers and protect against diseases. To accelerate the growth of seedlings, the stimulator “Kornevin” is added; it strengthens the root system and stem.
Important! If the seedlings are planted in small cups, then after 10-15 days they are planted in larger containers. Otherwise, the roots will not have enough space to develop. When picking, water the soil generously, carefully remove the sprout with a lump of earth and place it in new soil. Experienced gardeners advise beginners to be extremely careful, as fragile stems can break.
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Planting and care
Seedlings are planted on a cloudy, windless day . The bushes are carefully removed from the containers and placed in pre-prepared holes in the beds. The distance between the grooves should be at least 60-70 cm.
The seedlings are patted down with earth and watered abundantly. When planting the Polet variety in open ground, it is recommended to cover the sprouts with polyethylene so that the pepper is not damaged by wind, rain and fog. After 7-10 days, the film is removed.
Further care of the plant is as follows:
- Regular watering . The beds are moistened every 5 days; 1-1.5 liters of water are consumed per bush. Water carefully, directing the stream directly to the root. When using a watering can, be sure to use a nozzle; when watering with a hose, put on a special diffuser. The water temperature must be at least +20°C. If the summer is hot and rainy, then the amount of water is reduced.
- Weeding . In the beds you can often see bindweed, dandelions, wood lice and other plants. Unwanted vegetation worsens the microflora of beds and leads to the emergence of insect pests. Remove weeds before watering.
- Loosening the beds . Once a week, gardeners advise loosening the beds so that the soil is saturated with oxygen. Loosen the soil to a depth of 10 cm, away from the roots. Usually the procedure is combined with weeding.
- Fertilizer . Throughout the entire growing period, plants are fertilized with organic and mineral fertilizers. They improve the taste of fruits, protect against diseases, and increase immunity. Urea, superphosphate, Bordeaux mixture, ash, burdock infusion, and ammonium nitrate are recognized as excellent remedies. Fertilize peppers every 10-15 days. Gardeners recommend fertilizing in the morning or evening to avoid burns.
Features of growing pepper Polet
Sowing pepper seeds for seedlings is carried out 60-70 days before the intended planting of plants in a permanent place. The optimal temperature for seed germination is 26-28°C.
When true leaves appear on the plants, they are transplanted into separate cups with a capacity of 0.3-0.5 liters.
Pepper does not like transplanting, so do not be surprised if after you have transplanted the seedlings into separate containers, they stop growing for a while. You can “smooth out” the stressful state a little by spraying the plants with Epin.
When to plant Polet pepper seedlings in the ground
After the threat of return frosts has passed, the seedlings can be planted in a permanent location. Some people plant in open ground in May, while others only plant under covering material or under film; it all depends on the climatic conditions of your region.
When planting pepper seedlings in the ground for 1 sq. It is recommended to place up to 6 plants per meter of land, no more. Peppers are planted in the ground without being buried, but in exactly the same way as they grew in cups. Pepper plants, unlike tomatoes, very rarely produce lateral roots, so there is no point in deepening them.
Sweet peppers respond well to watering and fertilizing with complex mineral fertilizers. During the summer, 2-3 feedings are usually done.
Features of cultivation and possible difficulties
Despite the fact that the Poljot variety is unpretentious in care, sometimes gardeners have problems with growing it. To avoid them, we advise you to adhere to the following recommendations :
- when planting in a greenhouse, thoroughly wipe all surfaces with a disinfectant;
- water the bushes only in the early morning;
- for irrigation, use settled water;
- alternate organic and mineral fertilizers;
- follow the rules of crop rotation;
- use foliar sprays as protection against insects;
- Regularly ventilate greenhouses or greenhouses.
If the leaves become dry and yellow , the plant is probably lacking minerals: nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium. To prevent problems, it is advised to carefully monitor the amount of fertilizer applied and read the dosage recommendations.
Sometimes the opposite situation happens - there are too many minerals , which is why the fruits stop growing and the foliage grows rapidly. Sprinkling with dry wood ash and abundant watering will help correct the situation.
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How to care for plantings
After planting activities, Polet bushes require comprehensive care. Standard pepper care includes regular watering, fertilizing, and soil care.
Watering
Watering must be done at least twice a week using warm water. In the summer season, water the plantings systematically, but moderately - excessive amounts of water harm the roots. The ideal type of irrigation for the presented variety is drip.
Soil care
To retain moisture in the soil and improve air permeability, loosen it shallowly. Do not loosen deeply so as not to touch the fragile rhizome. The procedure should be performed after rains or after each watering.
It is important to keep the plantings clean and get rid of weeds in a timely manner.
To protect the soil from drying out and prevent weeds from breaking through, mulch the soil around the bushes. The best mulch is weeded grass, sawdust, and hay.
Fertilizer application
After the bushes have adapted, apply liquid fertilizers - infusions of grass, mullein, diluted with water. Additionally, use phosphorus-potassium compounds and ash infusions.
Pepper bushes need to be fed three times:
- before blooming;
- after flowering;
- during fruit ripening.
Fertilizers should be applied to moist soil.
Important! It is better not to use fresh manure as a top dressing, otherwise its effect will affect the taste characteristics of the fruit.
Garter bushes
Being low, Polyota bushes do not need staking.
Typical diseases and pests
Among the pests, thrips - black bugs with a striped abdomen - attack the beds . As a rule, they appear during the flowering period, when the fruits are just beginning to ripen. Thrips suck the juice and nectar from the plant, which is why the peppers begin to slowly die.
Thrips are excellent camouflages , so it is not easy to see them with the naked eye. As a preventative measure, gardeners regularly inspect the bushes and spray them with HOM. Colorado beetles also have a negative effect on peppers. The well-known striped insects and their larvae are capable of destroying entire crops. “Typhoon” or “Tornado” products help fight pests.
Important! The causes of many pests lie in improper care, contaminated soil or high humidity. Therefore, it is important to follow the rules of disinfection and proper care of the plant.
Among the diseases noted is tobacco mosaic . The disease appears in the form of a yellow pattern on the leaves, which becomes larger over time. You can become infected with mosaic from soil, weeds, and water. As a preventive measure, it is recommended to water the beds with Bordeaux mixture or a solution of onion peels. In addition to the mosaic, the pepper is “attacked” by powdery mildew in the form of a white coating. Treatment of bushes with whey is recognized as an excellent remedy for the disease.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The Polet pepper variety has many advantages . It is tasty and beautiful, looks appetizing on any table or as a winter preparation. The soft and sweet pulp is full of useful elements that are necessary to maintain health and strong immunity.
The commercial qualities of the vegetable are excellent ; thanks to the thick walls, the fruits are stored for a long time without losing their qualities. The variety does not require special knowledge and skills to care for, so even a beginner can get a good harvest.
Among the disadvantages, they note the fact that the Polet variety shows high yield only in greenhouse conditions; in open ground, the number of tasty fruits is much less.
Interesting! Sweet peppers make great stuffed peppers. Meat, spices, herbs, vegetables, seafood, and even pineapples are used as filling. Such dishes are simple to prepare, and the pepper itself serves as an excellent base.
Description of the variety
Perhaps one of the reasons for the insufficient prevalence of Polet pepper among Russian gardeners is that it owes its appearance to the scientific breeders Yu.I. Panchev. and Ilyenko T.S., who work at the NIITSSSA (Research Center for Seed Breeding and Agricultural Technology), located in Transnistria. In Moldova and Ukraine, Polet pepper is quite widespread. And in Russia it appeared only in the 90s of the last century. In 1997, it was included in the State Register of Russia with recommendations for cultivation in open ground in the Central Black Earth and North Caucasus regions. In other regions of Russia, it is advisable to grow this pepper in greenhouses or at least in greenhouses, which is quite realistic, given the small height of its bushes.
Poljot pepper bushes are standard, medium-leaved, do not exceed 45-50 cm in height. Large dark green leaves are ovoid in shape. Judging by the reviews, Polet pepper can be classified as mid-early (the fruits ripen 80-110 days after germination) or mid-ripening (when the growing season to technical maturity is 120-130 days), depending on the growing conditions.
Comment! Usually in open ground the ripening time is extended.
In any case, in order for the fruits to reach biological maturity (acquiring the color required for pepper according to its characteristics), it is necessary to wait another 10-20 days.
As for the yield of Polet pepper, there are some discrepancies between the actual results obtained and the declared characteristics in the description of the variety. The originator states that the potential yield of this pepper variety can be up to 8-9 kg per square meter. In terms of hectares in industrial cultivation, this amounts to about 80 -90 tons of pepper fruits per hectare of plantings.
According to reviews from farmers, when planting Polet pepper in the fields in the Central Black Earth region, they were able to achieve a yield of only about 1.5-2 kg per square meter. In the North Caucasus region, the situation with the yield of this pepper was better, but still it could not produce more than 3-4 kg of marketable fruit per square meter. Perhaps, yield figures closer to the declared ones can be obtained by growing this pepper in greenhouse conditions. In addition, the harvesting period is quite extended and in the total harvest over several months it is quite possible to collect up to 8-9 kg per square meter.
Important! Pepper Polet has good resistance to many diseases, in particular to verticillium wilt and blossom end rot.
The plants tolerate relative cold well, are able to recover quite quickly from stress, and set fruit well in conditions of sudden temperature fluctuations.
Farmer reviews
Most gardeners are satisfied with the harvest and taste of Polet pepper , but some were disappointed, as they expected much more from the pepper.
Pavel, Orel : “I planted the Polet variety for the first time, I liked the result. The peppers are beautiful and smooth. The maximum weight of one fruit reached 160 g. I prepared a salad from the vegetables and marinated them for the winter.”
Maria, Saratov : “I love sweet peppers, every year I experiment and plant a new variety. Polet is an ideal greenhouse vegetable. The fruits are smooth and very appetizing. I planted seedlings and fertilized them with liquid organic matter.”
Olga, Sochi : “Pepper Flight disappointed me, because at the beginning of July I noticed Colorado beetles on the leaves. I fought with professional medications, but the beetle still ate some of the bushes.”
Reviews
Alevtina 46 years old Stavropol
I learned about the “Polet” variety a couple of years ago, a friend treated me to a bag of pepper, and I really liked it. I decided to plant some for myself for next season. Planted in open ground, seedlings were grown in a heated greenhouse. Before I transplanted it into the soil, I did not treat it with anything or feed it. Ripe fruits appeared already in July, the aroma is simply indescribable, I collected about 1.5 kg from one bush, which is not bad for peppers. The taste is excellent, so “Polyot” is one of the candidates for planting next year!
Anton 59 years old Volgograd
My daughter bought me these miracle seeds for planting. The seedlings grew quite strong; I transplanted them into a greenhouse in May and fed them only with organic fertilizers. The fruits are even, as if chosen. Ripened in early July, crispy, quite juicy and tasty. I collected until September. I'm happy with the harvest, I'll definitely plant more if I find seeds.
Mikhail 43 years old Novgorod
I have been living in my house for more than 10 years now with a good plot of land where I plant my own vegetables. As practice shows, good seeds are hard to find; what is stated on the package and reality do not always coincide. This year I bought several different varieties of pepper seeds, and the best one turned out to be “Polyot”. The harvest was excellent, not a single bush became sick. The fruits are delicious, juicy, perfect for lecho. I also covered it in pieces in brine, according to the new recipe, the pepper also turned out to be very aromatic and even crunchy.
