What type does it belong to?
Nadezhda Aksayskaya is a table subspecies of white grapes. Ripening period is early. It keeps very well on the bushes, so it is left to hang longer - for sugar.
Early varieties also include White Miracle, Rizamat, Pink Grapes and Yubilei Novocherkassk.
Also, these grapes withstand storage and transportation over long distances very well. It is in good demand among buyers both as fruits and as seedlings.
The bunches are a real treasure for those who appreciate white grapes: large and heavy, noticeable from afar. Popular among winemakers in bouquets of table white wines, in homemade preparations, desserts and in its natural form.
Among the white varieties, it is worth noting such as Lancelot, Bianka and Vostorg White.
Landing rules
Planting of Nadezhda Aksayskaya grape variety is carried out in spring or autumn, but it is better to do it in spring. This way, the planting material will have time to take root better before the onset of frost. It is recommended to place seedlings on the south side of residential buildings or outbuildings, as well as near the fence. This is necessary in order to protect the plant from strong winds. It is imperative to provide for the installation of a support; most often a trellis is used for this.
- Planting holes are dug at a distance of 1-2 m from each other. The depth of the pit is 70-80 cm, width is 80 cm.
- At the bottom of the hole, place a drainage layer of about 10 cm, a mixture of humus and fertilizers in a ratio of 2:3. Azophoska (400-500 g) and wood ash (a 1-liter jar is enough) are used as fertilizers.
- After this, a support is installed next to the pit, to which the grapevine will subsequently be attached.
- The seedlings are carefully scratched from below. This way, the planting material will take root better. They are lowered onto fertilizers, deepening them well. The holes do not need to be covered with soil. Seedlings grow in a depression.
- Then the planting material is watered abundantly.
- It is recommended to complete the planting of grapes by mulching the hole. So, moisture will be better retained in the soil after watering.
Grapes Nadezhda Aksayskaya: variety description
The bush is medium tall. The bunch is very large, reaching even 2 kg, cylindrical-cone-shaped, dense, sometimes winged. The berry is large - 12-14 g, oval, golden-greenish. The skin is dense, moderately thick, and easy to eat. The pulp is juicy and crunchy. The taste is harmonious, revealing citrus, nutmeg and honey notes in the aftertaste.
The stalks are strong, strong, long, light green. The flower is hermaphrodite. The leaf is dark green, round, medium size, medium dissected. The ripened shoot is light brown with red-brown nodes, strong.
Descendant of Rizamat, Romeo and Gordey also have bisexual flowers.
Photo
Photo of Nadezhda Aksayskaya grapes:
History of selection
The Nadezhda Aksayskaya grape variety was born as a result of the work of amateur breeder V. U. Kapelyushny in Ukraine. The variety was tested for ten years, after which it quickly spread throughout the southern and central regions of Russia, even in the Siberian and Ural latitudes.
The hand of the same breeder belongs to Crimson, Parisian and Count of Monte Cristo.
Reproduction methods
Nadezhda Aksayskaya grapes can be propagated in the following ways:
The grafting method is not particularly popular; most often the crop is propagated through cuttings and layering.
Reproduction by layering occurs according to the following scheme:
- A healthy shoot from the bottom is separated from the vine.
- The end of the cutting is lightly buried and fixed on the ground.
- When the chained end has formed a root system, it is finally separated from the mother bush and replanted.
This method is carried out in regions with a short period of summer heat. When growing grapes on an industrial scale, it is ineffective, however, it is often used in private farms.
Cuttings are harvested both in autumn and spring. In the second case, the planting material takes root better in the new location.
The procedure for preparing cuttings looks like this:
- Well-ripened annual shoots with 5-7 buds are carefully cut with a sharp knife.
- The resulting planting material is soaked in water for 2 days.
- After this period, the cuttings are planted in containers with a mixture of sand and fertile soil 2/3 of the total length. At least 2 buds should remain above the soil surface.
- The grapes are watered moderately from time to time. When the cuttings form roots, they are planted in open ground on a warm day.
Characteristics
Aksayskaya is not afraid of Morozov - 23-25 degrees Celsius is her limit. But where the temperature drops below -16, the bushes still need to be covered for the winter months. True, he is still afraid of fungi; preventative spraying is required.
Very frost-resistant varieties include Super Extra, Beauty of the North and Pink Flamingo.
The variety is very prolific and prone to overload.
Therefore, rationing of inflorescences and shoots is necessary. Pruning is done by two to four eyes, leaving a maximum of 35 per bush. The percentage of sugar content is 16-18 Brix. Resistant to parasites, affected by wasps is moderate. It also does not resist phylloxera very well.
Aftercare
Caring for Nadezhda Aksayskaya grapes is not difficult. Particular attention should be paid to the load on the vine, since the grape bunches of the variety are quite heavy. If you do not normalize the bush, its branches may subsequently break under the weight of the fruit. The vine is stocked with shoots, inflorescences and clusters. In the first case, the recommended load for the variety is 30 eyes. If you overdo it with rationing, you can lose a significant part of the harvest. On the other hand, excessive load weakens the bush. Ultimately, he may die with the onset of cold weather.
Grapes are watered infrequently. The main thing is that the soil underneath does not crack from dryness. At the end of June it is recommended to thin out the vine. It is better to plant the ovaries on both sides of the bush. In the fall, the grapes are removed from their support and insulated for the winter with dry grass.
Plants of the variety are fed with compost in the spring months and humus in the fall. Fertilizers are applied no more than once every 3 years. An excess of nutrients negatively affects the development of the vine. Organics can be replaced with complex mineral fertilizers. The Nadezhda Aksaiskaya grape responds especially well to phosphorus fertilization when the leaves of the vine darken and begin to wither.
In spring, grapes are fed according to the following scheme:
- before the vine awakens;
- before flowering begins;
- during the period of fruit ripening.
Diseases and pests
Nadezhda Aksaiskaya definitely needs preventive spraying against powdery mildew - mildew and oidium, as well as gray rot.
They are very dangerous for grapes - all parts of the bush suffer, the berries become unusable - you can no longer make compote or wine from them, much less eat them. Diseased shoots and leaves are separated, otherwise your product will acquire a distinct moldy taste.
Spraying with chemicals helps against powdery mildew - such as Bayleton, Rubigan, Karatan, Bi-58, Topaz, Strobi, Quadris.
Another enemy of vineyards is gray rot. Omite, Rovral, Bordeaux mixture, Ridomil-Gold are used against it.
Phylloxera may also appear. And then you will have to work hard: it is not at all easy to remove the parasite. Only spraying with flammable carbon disulfide is effective against it - 300-400 cubic centimeters per square meter. You can reduce the dose a little, but not less than 80 “cubes” - otherwise all your efforts will be in vain, the parasite will certainly return. True, this remedy can equally kill the bush itself, but the bush is better than the entire vineyard.
You should not avoid preventive measures against such common diseases as anthracnose, chlorosis, bacteriosis, rubella and bacterial cancer.
Against this background, the fight against wasps looks quite simple - just pack the bunches in mesh bags and destroy all the nests found. With birds it’s even easier - install a rigid net and you can forget about the problem.
Just don’t put up a rope if you don’t want, in addition to grapes, to have a regular “harvest” in the form of dead, beating and screaming birds. All you have to do is keep them out of the vineyard, not kill them.
Nadezhda Aksayskaya remarkably withstands Russian winters, resists diseases and gives the owner an abundant, wonderful harvest.
You just need to help her with this a little - follow very simple measures for the prevention of fungi, which are part of the arsenal of any gardener.
Agrotechnical features
Cultivating Nadezhda Aksayskaya should not cause any particular difficulties for people who are familiar with at least basic knowledge of viticulture technology. As already mentioned, the variety exhibits many similarities with the paternal form of Arkady, which means their agricultural technology should be very similar.
The vineyard is located in areas that are provided with the most heat and sunlight, which is especially important when growing it in the middle zone, outside traditional viticulture zones. To do this, they try to select places in the upper part of the southern slopes, and in personal plots they plant bushes in a wall culture under protection from cold winds with the help of various buildings or permanent fences. In regions with a sufficient level of SAT, such recommendations are not important; here the variety grows well and manages to ripen even in open flat areas. However, there are also certain generally accepted limitations. In particular, grapes should not be planted on slopes with northern exposures, in lowlands of ravines and valleys where cold air stagnates, as well as on excessively damp soils and places with shallow groundwater.
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In areas where the soil is infected with root phylloxera, the variety is propagated using grafted seedlings on phylloxera-resistant rootstocks. In areas where the malicious soil pest has not yet penetrated, excellent results are shown by rooting the cuttings of the hybrid itself and their subsequent planting in a permanent place. In the latter case, the bushes also develop faster, usually entering fruiting a year earlier than the grafted plants. The feeding area for medium-sized grapes, which includes our heroine, should be about 4-5 square meters. meters, depending on local conditions.
Systems for maintaining bushes can be different, depending on the frost danger of the climate and, accordingly, the need to cover the vines for the winter. In the southern regions, with a minimum probability of cold weather greater than -23°C, Nadezhda Aksayskaya can be formed on a high trunk, which will have a positive effect on the large fruit size and quality of the crop, due to the large reserves of plastic substances in the volume of perennial wood. However, even with a slight movement of the hybrid form of grapes to the north, the use of covering forms, such as a multi-armed fan or an inclined cordon, will be required.
Plants begin to bear fruit for 2-3 years, after which there is a need for careful annual rationing of shoots and yield to prevent overload, to which the variety has a significant tendency. In spring, fruit shoots are pruned into 3-5 buds, due to their high fruitfulness at the base of the shoots, and the bushes themselves are loaded with 30-35 buds. Subsequently, the weak and fruitless shoots of the grapes are broken off, leaving no more than 20-22 fruit-bearing vines, and on each of them the excess inflorescences are removed, except for one - the largest.
The ability of the bushes to bear the load, and at the same time the yield indicators, can be significantly improved if you regularly water the vineyard and fertilize it with mineral fertilizers in moderate doses. Maintaining an optimal water regime in the soil will also be useful from the point of view of preventing cracking of Nadezhda Aksaiskaya berries during ripening.
To combat fungal infections, 2-3 preventive complex treatments of the variety with fungicides will be required in the early stages of the growing season, followed by careful monitoring of the phytosanitary condition of the grape plantings.
