The best varieties of self-fertile and low-growing cherries for the Moscow region, planting and care

As you know, the Moscow region is not the easiest region for growing fruit and berry crops, especially considering the difference in seasonal temperatures and the possibility of a snowless winter. Therefore, in recent years, a large number of varieties of berry plants have been developed, and cherries are no exception. Modern breeders have created a number of varieties that are resistant to both various weather diseases and fungal diseases. And if you look at these varieties of cherries in detail, you can find one that will have the taste and aroma that a gardener needs, and even one whose flowers will have decorative qualities.

• 1.1 The earliest varieties of bush cherries
• 1.2 Varieties resistant to weather conditions

  1.2.1 Video: cherry varieties adapted to the conditions of the Moscow region

• 2 The most delicious varieties of cherries for the Moscow region
• 3 Felt cherry for the Moscow region

  3.1 Video: review of felt cherry

The best cherry varieties for the Moscow region

Apukhtinskaya

An old, but still popular variety. Fruits abundantly and annually. The dark red, almost black fruits have a pleasant sour taste and ripen in July-August. They make very good jam. Disadvantages include average winter hardiness and susceptibility to coccomycosis.

Volochaevka

One of the most reliable mid-season varieties released in the Central region. Regularly produces large yields of large fruits weighing about 4.5 g. They are dark ruby ​​in color, juicy, taste sweet and sour, with a subtle cherry aroma. This variety is self-fertile, it tolerates winter frosts well, the tree is of medium height. Susceptibility to diseases is average.

Robin

Dark red, sweet and sour fruits ripen in late July - early August. Winter hardiness is good in two respects: wood and flower buds. The tree is not very large (3-3.5 m), but every year it brings abundant harvests of berries. Disadvantages: has average resistance to fungal diseases. The fruits are more suitable for processing.

Youth

The popular mid-ripening cherry variety was obtained by crossing the ancient Russian varieties Vladimirskaya and Lyubskaya. Early, in 3-4 years, it brings the first harvest. Fruits annually and abundantly. The berries are large and tasty. Among the advantages of Molodezhnaya, one should also note such qualities as self-fertility, short stature and winter hardiness of the tree. Disadvantages include weak resistance of flower buds to spring cold and only average resistance to moniliosis and coccomycosis.

Lyubskaya

An ancient cherry variety of folk selection. Ripens late, in August. It is popular due to its qualities such as self-fertility, rapid onset of fruiting: it bears the first berries already in 3-4 years, low tree growth, high annual yield. Disadvantages: susceptibility to fungal diseases, sour taste of fruits.

Radonezh

This variety was bred by Bryansk breeders A.A. Astakhov and M.V. Kanshina is not as well known to gardeners as he deserves. The short tree tolerates low winter temperatures well. From the fourth year it produces harvests of dark red berries with a good sweet and sour taste. The fruits are medium-large in size, weighing 4-4.5 g. Radonezh is partially self-fertile and, very importantly, has good resistance to major fungal diseases. Disadvantages include average yield.

Turgenevka

Large-fruited, winter-hardy cherry variety, widespread in gardens near Moscow. Ripens in the middle period: early to mid-July. Quite resistant to coccomycosis and moniliosis. The tree is small, up to 3 m high, is not afraid of drought, and recovers well after freezing. Every year brings good harvests. The berries are large, very juicy, and have a pleasant taste.

Chocolate girl

A short cherry with dark red tasty fruits. Self-fertile, with good winter hardiness of wood and buds. The tree is 2-2.5 m high, drought-resistant, begins to bear fruit in the 4th year. Disadvantage: susceptibility to coccomycosis and moniliosis, average yield.

short

This category of varieties is easy to maintain and harvest. Compact, small trees reach a height of 1.5-2.5 m, no more.

Youth

This variety has increased frost resistance. It does not need pollinators, and its height does not exceed 2.5 m. The tree lives only 15-20 years. It looks like a bush. Fruit buds are only on one-year-old branches. An adult tree produces up to 12 kg of cherries, from 1 hectare - 8-10 tons.

The cherries are medium-sized, dark burgundy, weigh 4.5 g. They tolerate transportation well. The seeds are small and easy to separate. The fruits are universal - they are used for food and processing. The variety is resistant to drought, but its immunity to moniliosis and coccomycosis is low - this is the main drawback of the Molodezhnaya variety.

Lyubskaya

This low, bush-like and self-fertile cherry ripens in early August. Belongs to the category of technical varieties. The compact tree grows up to 2-3 m in height. An ancient variety, folk selection. The second name is Lyubka. It produces fruits in the 3rd year after planting. 10-12 kg of cherries are harvested from a tree, the maximum yield is after 10 years, it reaches 55 kg.

The fruits are transported well. Disadvantages: low frost resistance, low immunity to fungal infections and sour taste. The tree is very decorative and is often used for landscaping. The fruits are dark red, with a thin and durable skin, weight - 4-5 g. Taste - sweet and sour. An excellent raw material for jams, jams, wines, etc. The seed has a sharp tip. The bushes almost do not form shoots. It is considered an ideal variety for technical purposes. Disadvantage: low resistance to fungal infections.

Chocolate girl

A low tree with a reverse pyramidal crown reaches 2-2.5 m in height. The first fruits are harvested in the 4-5th year. Collection from a tree – 11-12 kg. From 1 hectare – 80-90 c. With intensive care - up to 200 c/ha. Self-fertility is variable and depends on growing conditions.

The berries are flat-round, weighing 3-3.5 g. When ripe, they acquire a dark red, almost black color. The fruits are shiny, very juicy, with small, easily separated seeds. The tasting score is low - 3.8-4. The purpose is universal - eaten fresh, dried, frozen, prepared liqueurs, made jam. Winter hardiness and drought resistance are high. Disadvantage: fungal infections.

Fairy

Self-fertile variety with early and early-mid ripening. A low-growing tree up to 2.5 m high. The crown is lush and spherical. In the presence of pollinators, productivity increases by 50%. It is recommended to plant Turgenevka or Vladimirskaya nearby. Harvest per tree – 12 kg. From 1 hectare – 80-85 c. Fruits from the 3rd year.

The color of the fruit is pink, the pulp is pink-yellow. Fruit weight – 3-3.5 g. Dessert taste. Tasting score – 4.3. Tolerates frosts down to minus 38 °C. High resistance to fungal infections. Almost does not form root shoots.

Mtsenskaya

Mid-season variety for technical purposes. A tree with a spreading crown, up to 2 m high. It bears fruit in the 4th year. Productivity – 50-80 centners per 1 ha. Self-fertile.

Dark red round cherries weigh about 4 g. Tasting score - 3.8. High resistance to cracking. Average resistance to fungal diseases. Winter-hardy and drought-resistant.

Morozovka

A low-growing, self-sterile variety with medium ripening periods. The berries ripen in July - the exact timing depends on the weather. The height of the tree is up to 2.5 m. The plant has a wide, spherical crown. It produces fruits in the 3rd year of planting. Productivity – up to 60 centners per hectare.

The fruits are large, round, dark red, almost burgundy. Weight – 5 g. Resistant to frost and drought. High immunity to coccomycosis. The best pollinators are Turgenevka, Vladimirskaya, Griot Michurinsky. The downside is the low winter hardiness of flower buds.

Brunette

Tree height is 2-2.5 m. The crown is spreading, spherical. Mid-season, highly productive variety. From 1 hectare - 8-10 tons, from a tree - 10-12 kg.

The weight of the berries is 3.5-3.8 g. The color is dark burgundy, to black. Universal fruits with tender, juicy pulp. The seeds are easily separated from the pulp. Average level of resistance to fungi. The downside is the low winter hardiness of flower buds.

Assol

An unpretentious mid-season variety. Tree height is up to 2 m. Self-fertility is high - no pollinators are required. Fruiting begins at 3 years of age. Up to 70 centners are collected from 1 hectare.

The berries are red, glossy, weighing 3-4 g. The taste combines sweetness and acidity. Suitable for any workpiece. High resistance to scab and other diseases. Winter hardiness at minus 30 °C.

Tamaris

Dwarf variety. The height of the plant is no more than 2.5 m. The tree has a spreading crown and a decorative appearance. The first berries appear in the 2-3rd year of fruiting. Up to 80 centners of fruits are collected from 1 hectare, and one tree produces up to 10 kg or more - the variety is very responsive to care. The variety belongs to the mid-late variety. The berries ripen at the end of July or at the beginning of August. Self-fertility is high, but to increase productivity, pollinators are recommended - Lyubskaya, Turgenevka, Zhukovskaya.

The berries are glossy, dark red, weigh 4-5 g. The fruit has a good cherry taste, but there is more sweetness than acidity. The tree lives up to 20 years. Greater resistance to coccomycosis; the variety is less resistant to moniliosis. During transportation, the fruits may be damaged and release juice.

Bystrinka

Low-growing variety with early ripening. Maximum height – 2.5 m. Tree with a spherical crown. Berries appear in the 4th year. Up to 100 centners are collected from 1 hectare.

The berries are oval, dark red, weight - 4 g. They have juicy, aromatic pulp, its taste was rated 4.3 points. The downside is the tendency to fungal diseases. The variety is used as an amateur and industrial crop. Frost resistance is average.

Lighthouse

Bushy variety. The plant grows up to 2 m. The foliage is low. Fruiting - in the 3rd year. Harvest starts at the end of July. Up to 15 kg of cherries are collected from a tree. There are harvests of up to 25 kg. The variety is long-lived - trees bear fruit for up to 30 years. Self-fertility is partial.

The fruits are dark red, round, weight – 4-6 g. Tasting score – 4.5 points. Disadvantages - the fruits crack, transportability is low. Frost resistance – up to minus 35 °C. May be affected by fruit rot and coccomycosis.

Winter Garnet

This dwarf cherry was developed quite recently. Refers to self-pollinating varieties. Height – up to 1.8 m. The bush is compact and bears fruit abundantly. The first berries appear in the 3rd year. The harvest from a tree is up to 10 kg.

The taste of the berries is excellent, sweet and sour. Weight - 3-4 g. The variety tolerates frost well - suitable for northern regions. Frost resistance down to minus 45 °C. The tree has a decorative appearance and is disease resistant.

In memory of Mashkin

A low-growing cherry with a spherical crown, no more than 2.5 m high. It bears fruit in the 3rd year after planting. Self-fertility is partial. Berry picking – 40-65 centners per hectare.

The berries are red, heart-shaped and round. Weight – up to 5 g. Tasting score – 4.6. The taste is dessert. The variety is relatively resistant to fungal diseases. Frost resistance of the tree and buds is average.

Saratov Baby

A low-growing, mid-season hybrid obtained by mixing cherries with sweet cherries. Often the variety is simply called Malyshka. Maximum height - 2.5 m. First harvest - in the 3rd year. The crown is arched. The average yield is 15 kg per tree.

Cherries are dark red, very attractive in appearance, sweet and sour. Weight – 4-5 g. The variety is resistant to frost. The tree is very decorative. Small seeds are easily separated from the pulp. High resistance to fungi.

Shpanka Dwarf

This is one of the varieties of the Shpanka variety - a hybrid of cherries and sweet cherries. Shpanka is an ancient hybrid of folk selection. The height of the dwarf version of Shpanka is up to 3 m. Non-dwarf varieties of Shpanka reach 4-6 m. The variety needs pollinators.

The fruits are large – 5 g. The variety is tenacious and hardy, resistant to frost and fungus. Frost resistance – up to minus 35 °C.

Griot Moscow

Self-sterile variety, ripening in the 20th of July. Pollinators – Pink bottle or Vladimirskaya. The height of the tree with a spherical crown is up to 2.5 m. Up to 8 tons of berries are collected from 1 hectare. From a tree – up to 9 kg.

The berries are tasty, dark red. Weight – 3.5 g. Resistance to fungal diseases is average.

Duke is a hybrid berry crop obtained by crossing cherries and sweet cherries. It was first bred in the 17th century and received the name May Duck. Now all sweet cherries are called dukes.

Octave

The tree is low-growing, the crown is compact and rounded. It is decorative. Self-fertile, mid-season variety. Harvests from 1 hectare – up to 100 c.

The berries are dark cherry, almost black. Weight – 4 g. Shape – round-flat. The taste is good, the berries are sweet and juicy. The bones are small and can be easily removed. Average frost resistance. High bud resistance to frost. Immunity to fungal infections is average.

Self-fertile cherry varieties

Self-fertile varieties include those cherries that do not require additional pollination , and they independently set both male and female flowers.

Apukhtinskaya

A medium-sized tree that produces large and tasty heart-shaped fruits. The Apukhtinskaya variety begins to bear fruit already in the second year after planting; it belongs to the late ripening period ; the ripening of the crop falls in mid-August. The tree has good resistance to frost and drought, but it is also susceptible to fungal diseases.

Cherry variety Apukhtinskaya

Memory of Enikiev

The tree grows up to 3 meters in height, the crown is medium dense, spherical in shape. The weight of the fruit reaches 5 grams , so they can be considered large. The shape of the berries is oval, the color is dark red. The pulp of Pamyat Enikiev cherries is very tasty and juicy. The variety is distinguished by the presence of a large seed . The tree begins to bear fruit already in the 3-4th year of life, the period of full ripening of the crop falls at the end of June. From one cherry you can collect up to 15 kilograms of fruit . Has average resistance to frost and drought.

Cherry in Memory of Enikeev

Disease resistant

Fungal infections cause significant harm to cherry plants. In the conditions of the Moscow region, the most harmful of them are coccomycosis, moniliosis, perforated spot (klyasterosporiosis). Modern cherry varieties that have complex resistance to pathogens should definitely be planted on your site.

See also Description and cultivation of Shpanka cherries

Bystrinka

The trees are early-bearing and not very tall. They winter without problems. The ripening period is characterized as average. The berries weigh 3.6 g and are rated 4.3 points in taste.

Kharitonovskaya

This cherry is mid-season, with annual fruiting. The tree height is moderate. The berries are dark red on the outside and orange on the inside. They are very tender and tasty (4.75 points). Fruit detachment is dry. The stone is detachable and large.

Bryansk Shpanka

The variety is short-trunked, medium-sized, self-fertile. Ripens early. The skin of the berries is pink, the juice is the same color, and the pulp is creamy. The taste is sour (3.7 points); fruit size 4 g. Productivity is high.

Medium ripening cherry varieties

Mid-early cherries are those that ripen in mid-summer; they have the best taste.

Vladimirskaya

The fruits of the Vladimirskaya cherry
Vladimirskaya are one of the oldest varieties grown in the central regions of Russia. The tree is bushy, the bark is grayish in color . The branches grow downward, which is why the crown shape is called weeping. One inflorescence contains 5-7 delicate white flowers. The leaves are a matte green shade, elongated in shape, gradually sharpening towards the base and apex, the edge is double-serrate. The fruits are sweet and sour, slightly fibrous, well suited for any form of processing. The skin color is dark red, almost black, the weight of the berries does not exceed 3.7 grams, the shape is rounded and flattened. The first fruiting occurs in the 3rd year of life ; cherries ripen at the end of July. This variety tolerates winter cold well, but spring frosts can completely destroy the inflorescences, and accordingly the entire harvest. It grows best in central Russia; with good care it can bear 25 kilograms of fruit. In the northern regions, the yield drops significantly to 6-7 kilograms . Vladimirskaya needs pollinators and additional protection from diseases and pests. If the berries are not picked in time, they will begin to crumble very quickly.

Zhukovskaya

The Zhukovskaya
Cherry variety grows up to 2.5 meters, the crown of the tree is spreading but sparse. The leaves are narrow, oval, dark green. Forms inflorescences of 3-4 flowers, medium in size with rounded petals. Fruiting occurs on last year's one-year-old wood . Most often the berries are arranged singly, sometimes in twos. Cherries of the Zhukovskaya variety are medium in size, up to 4 grams, dark red in color, core shaped. The pulp is tender, juicy, with a dessert taste. Disease resistance is average.

Kharitonovskaya

Cherry variety Kharitonovskaya
The tree grows to medium size, the flowers are large and white. The berries themselves are evenly round, the skin is bright red, and the flesh is orange. They have a sweet and sour taste, the stone is easily separated . Good immunity to various diseases, normal frost resistance. The Kharitonovskaya variety needs additional pollination.

Turgenevka

Cherry variety Turgenevka
A cherry tree of this variety grows up to 3 meters, forms inflorescences of 4 white flowers. Fruiting occurs on bouquet twigs. The berries are broadly heart-shaped, large in size, weighing up to 6.5 grams . The skin color is dark red, the flesh is juicy, sweet and sour, the taste rating is normal. The first harvest ripens at 5-6 years of age, with full ripening of the fruits occurring in early July. Turgenevka tolerates winter frosts well, but may die when spring frosts appear . It is highly resistant to diseases and needs pollinators. The variety produces a good, stable harvest.

Morozovka

Cherry with fruits variety Morozovka
The tree grows of medium size, the crown is wide and spreading. Fruiting occurs on bouquet twigs, the berries are round in shape with a hole at the stalk, the weight can reach 5.5 grams. The skin is dark burgundy in color, the flesh is juicy, has a dessert taste with an easily separated pit . Such berries are suitable for both fresh consumption and processing, and are easily transported. The tree begins to bear fruit in the 3rd year of life; the ripening of the fruits of the Morozovka variety occurs at the end of July. The harvest is stable, up to 500 kilograms per hundred square meters . The variety is resistant to frost, drought and disease. Requires pollinators.

Sweet varieties

Cherry fruits grown in central Russia are not sweet in the southern way. The question is the ratio of acids and sugars. The taste of cherries depends significantly on the weather, microclimate and soil in a particular garden. But much is determined by genetic potential: in the sweetest cherry varieties, the accumulation of sugar prevails over the content of organic acids.

Dessert Morozova

Early ripening, medium-growing, quite winter-hardy. Has average susceptibility to coccomycosis. Dark red berries weigh 3.7. They do not flow when collected and transported, although they are very tender and juicy. The taste is balanced and harmonious.

Zhukovskaya

This variety has two drawbacks: a large seed and problematic frost resistance of fruit buds. But the berries are large (4-7 g), beautiful, very tasty (5 points). The bone is free. The trees are disease-resistant, productive, and durable. Crown height is moderate. The fruits ripen in the middle period and do not fall off.

Memory of Enikeev

Early ripening, self-pollinating, early fruiting. Not afraid of winter cold and coccomycosis. The berry rating during tasting is 4.8 points. The acid is slightly noticeable, but it is very soft and pleasant. The solid weight of the berries (4.7 g) is also attractive.

Early varieties of cherries

Cherry varieties that ripen between early June and mid-July are called early . Their berries are less sweet, and the trees have good frost resistance.

Chocolate girl

This cherry tree is of medium height, with a crown shape resembling an inverted cone. The berries have a sour taste and dark burgundy color. The flesh is a rich red color, dense, with an easily separated stone . The Shokoladnitsa variety tolerates frost and drought well, is resistant to many diseases, and is self-fertile. Brings a stable harvest.

Cherry Chocolate Girl

Shpanka

This variety is a cherry-cherry hybrid. A tall tree with freely growing branches is shaped like a ball. In addition, the attachment of the branches to the tree is quite weak, so when the harvest appears, there is a risk that they will begin to break. The taste of the berries is sweet and sour; on average, their weight is 4 grams . The color of the fruit is dark red, the shape is rounded and flattened. Shpanka brings the first harvest at 6-7 years of age, but at the age of 20 years you can get up to 60 kilograms of cherries from a tree. Fruiting occurs from late June to early July . The variety is highly resistant to frost and drought and needs pollinators.

Shpanka cherry variety

Youth

Bush cherry, with a low, slightly drooping crown. The fruits of the Molodezhnaya variety are large in size, their weight can reach up to 4.8 grams, the skin and pulp have the same dark burgundy color. The stone separates well, and the taste of the cherries themselves has a slight sourness; such berries are perfect for canning and freezing. The first harvest appears on a 5-year-old tree; fruiting mainly occurs on last year's wood . Molodezhnaya is a frost-resistant variety. Has average resistance to diseases.

Bush self-fertile cherry variety Molodezhnaya

Miracle cherry

Tree-like cherry with medium vigor. The crown of the tree needs constant shaping; with a free form of growth, it looks like a cone, and the fruits will accumulate at the very top. The taste of the berries is dessert, sweet, in all their external characteristics they resemble cherries , and can reach a weight of 9.5 grams. The variety is self-sterile and requires pollinators. The tree begins to bear fruit at the age of 3, bringing a large, stable harvest. The fruits can be collected as early as early June. Miracle cherries are resistant to frost and most diseases .

Variety Miracle cherry

Baby

The tree is of medium height and spherical in shape. It bears beautiful fruits of dark red color with a pleasant sweet and sour taste; the stone is easily separated from the pulp. The shape of the berries is round, evenly flattened, weight reaches 5 grams . The Malyshka variety is characterized by good transportability, immunity to fungal diseases and frost resistance. The yield is inferior to other varieties ; you can get 17 kilograms of cherries from one tree. Their full ripening occurs at the end of June.

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Cherry variety Malyshka

The most productive

The average productivity of a cherry tree ranges from 6-10 kg. A yield of 15 kg is considered a good achievement. In favorable years, more than 50 kg can be harvested from the most fruitful varieties.

Volochaevka

The crown is medium-sized, spherical. Winter hardiness is good, self-fertility is high, susceptibility to diseases is moderate. The fruits ripen in July. They are small (2.7 g) but tasty (4.7 points).

Robin

Mid-late, highly winter-hardy. Tree growth is moderate. Berry size 3.9 g; The pulp is sweet and sour, of good taste. The bone is free. The variety requires preventive spraying against coccomycosis.

Turgenevka

The trees are medium-sized, with a raised crown. The fruits ripen in July. They are large (4.5 g), but slightly sour. The bone comes off without any problems. In unfavorable years, plants may suffer from coccomycosis. In cold winters, fruit buds freeze, but the wood can withstand any frost.

Late cherry varieties

Late varieties ripen the very last, in late summer-early autumn.

Lyubskaya

Cherry harvest of the Lyubskaya variety.
The variety is intended for cultivation in central and southern Russia; it is very demanding on soil fertility and quality of care. Produces a large crop with blood-red, transportable fruits with mediocre taste . These berries are ideal for processing. The tree is self-fertile, but with additional pollination it produces larger crops. A young tree bears up to 26 kilograms of fruit, and an adult tree up to 60. Lyubskaya is not frost-resistant and is often susceptible to various diseases.

Generous

Cherry variety
Generous Bush cherry with shoots raised upward. The weight of one cherry is approximately 4 grams, the shape is round, the color is bright red. The pulp has a good taste and the stone comes off easily. The presentation of the berries is at the highest level; they are resistant to cracking. The Shchedraya variety produces an annual, abundant harvest and ripens in the fall . The tree produces its first cherries at the age of 3-4 years. Shchedraya is highly frost-resistant and can easily tolerate even spring frosts; the variety is also resistant to pest attacks and tolerates drought well. Susceptible to diseases, especially fungal ones.

Robin

Cherry variety Malinovka
A tree of medium height with a spherical crown. Leaves with a wide plate, glossy, green, crenate edge. Cherries are small, on average the weight of one berry is 3-3.5 grams, the shape is round . The taste is sweet and sour, pleasant, the flesh is dense. The variety produces an annual, abundant harvest, which ripens in early August. The robin needs additional pollinators and protection from diseases. Frost resistance is average .

Early ripe cherry

Early ripening varieties of cherries are ready for harvest from mid-June to early July.

Sania

Medium-sized, early-fruiting, with partial self-pollination. Resistance to fungal pathogens is insufficient. The winter hardiness of the trees is not bad. Late flowering allows you to protect the ovary from spring frosts. Weight of dark red fruits – 3.7 g; the taste is sweet and sour (4.2 points). The bone comes off easily.

Chereshnevaya

This ultra-early, early-fruiting cherry is not affected by moniliosis. We are pleased with the harvests every year. Winter hardiness is satisfactory. The weight of the berries is 4.4 g. The harmony of acid and sweetness is highly rated during tasting (4.5 points). Plants can be cultivated in tree or bush form.

Cherry variety Crystal

Ripe cherry

Cherry Crystal is one of the most popular and widespread varieties in the Moscow region. The reason for this is excellent winter hardiness and immunity to coccomycosis. Grows in areas of varying congestion. The main feature of this cherry variety for the Moscow region is its compactness. The tree grows to a maximum height of 3.2 meters, but the crown is compact, pyramid-shaped, sparse, so the tree practically does not create a dense shadow.

The berries ripen in early or mid-July, depending on the weather outside. The cherry is of medium size, weighing 4.8-5.7 g. The variety has stable yields, but bears fruit only from the age of 4. To increase yields, you need to plant cherries of the Coral or Lyubskaya varieties nearby.

Disadvantages: instability to moniliosis.

Mid-season varieties

Medium ripening involves harvesting from mid-summer to early August.

Dogwood

This cherry variety is tree-like, not too tall, and early-fruiting. He winters normally in the Moscow region; bears fruit without frequency. Sometimes suffers from coccomycosis. Produces a moderate amount of berries. They are quite sour (3.8 points), medium in size (4 g).

Sudarushka

Self-fertility and frost resistance are high. Crown growth is moderate. The taste of sweet and sour fruits is rated 4.3 points; size 3.6 g. The stone is easily separated. Plants are susceptible to coccomycosis, but resistant to moniliosis.

About Cherry

Cherry is a crop that has been grown near the house since ancient times. It decorated the front garden with its appearance, and when consumed it had medicinal properties.

Origin

It is impossible to accurately determine the moment when cherries appeared as a domestic fruit and berry plant. Its appearance is recorded in the X-XI centuries. based on cherry pits found in the remains of sites that were previously inhabited by people in Switzerland, Italy and Germany.

In the writings of the historian Pliny, cherry takes its origin from the city of Kerasund, located in Asia Minor on the shores of the Black Sea.

The appearance of cherries in Rus' is associated with Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in the 12th century. His son brought the first seedling from Suzdal and planted a garden in the village. Bogolyubov. In these places the Vladimirovna variety was obtained. After this, the culture gradually spread throughout all territories of present-day Russia.

Cherry appearance

Medicinal properties

It contains a huge amount of nutrients, vitamins and microelements. The berries contain various organic acids.

What kind of culture

When grown, the plant can be shaped as a tree with a central trunk (standard) or a shrub with several flexible shoots. The tree is taller than the bush, stretches up to 7 m. It begins to produce berries from 2-4 years after rooting. Duration of residence under favorable conditions is 20-30 years. In the northern regions, the duration of fruiting is 15-20 years.

Tree varieties of stone fruit include Turgenevka, Orlitsa, Tyutchevka, Rastunya, Ratarguevskaya, Zhukovskaya, Ptichya. Bush cherries for the Moscow region are represented by the following varieties: Otechestvennaya, Lyubskaya, Rannyaya, Oblachinskaya, Lyubimitsa, Bolotovskaya, Shstenchivaya, Kubanskaya, Bych'e Serdets and Plamennaya.

Scope of application

For colitis and diarrhea, a decoction of young shoots of the plant is suitable

Cherries are usually used fresh. It allows you to improve a person’s condition in various diseases and increase hemoglobin. It is recommended as a preventive measure for diseases of the heart muscle and circulatory system. It is useful to drink juice from fresh berries during pregnancy in any trimester.

For therapeutic effects, use a decoction based on cherries or berry stalks. To eliminate cramps, it is recommended to use a decoction of the bark, and for stomach ulcers - from the roots. For colitis and diarrhea, a decoction of young shoots of the plant is suitable. The foliage is collected for medicinal preparations.

The fruits, mashed into a homogeneous paste, are used in cosmetology to narrow open pores on oily skin.

A little about early bush varieties

Despite the fact that summer in Moscow can hardly be called early, and residents of southern countries are already pampering themselves with cherry fruits, there are specialized early varieties for Russians. Among them stand out:

• “Cherry” – rapid growth and fruiting in the 3rd year of growth;
• “Shpanka Bryanskaya” - with large juicy fruits with sourness;
• "Sania" is a tree with a spherical shape;
• “Crimson” – abundant fruiting of sweet fruits;
• “Zhivitsa” is a varietal plant with a spherical shape.

Variety Coral and its features

Cherry variety Coral

Coral cherry variety fully corresponds to its name. The berries have a rich, scarlet color, like coral. The main advantage is late flowering. Of course, the harvest is harvested later, but on the other hand, flowering does not occur as early as other varieties, so the blossoming buds do not freeze during return frosts and the tree produces stable and high yields every year.

The tree is not very large, the maximum height is 3 meters. The crown is oval in shape. Harvest ripening occurs in late July or early August. The scarlet berries, as mentioned above, are not very large - 4.5-5.5 g, with a typical cherry taste, but what is noteworthy is that they are rarely eaten by birds! Cherry varieties for the Moscow region, suitable as pollinators: “Alatyrskaya”, “Gnomik”, “Izobilnaya”.

Among the disadvantages, gardeners note poor transportability, which is why Coral is not grown for sale.

Late Moscow region cherries

Cherry is a summer berry. All varieties of cherries, including late-ripening ones, ripen in the summer. The ripening period for late varieties is early August.

Apukhtinskaya

Apukhta cherry is well known to gardeners in central Russia. This is an ancient variety, the history of which is completely unknown. Presumably, the variety comes from the village of Apukhtino (Tula region), and is a product of folk selection. The variety is late, the fruits ripen in the second ten days of August. Flowering is later than other cherries, so Apukhtinskaya is not used as a pollinator for self-sterile varieties. The height of the tree is small - up to 3 m; it resembles a shrub in appearance.

The cherries are dark red, glossy, with a classic sour taste. Weight – 5 g. Slightly tart, with a pronounced cherry aroma. They are medium in size, with rounded, heart-shaped drupes. Many people believe that the fruits of the Apukhta cherry are not tasty enough, they are too sour. The taste of these cherries is greatly influenced by growing conditions - climate, lighting, soil quality, etc. Fruiting occurs 2-3 years after planting. After reaching 5 years, the tree produces 10-15 kg of cherries. The variety is winter-hardy and rarely gets sick. Suitable for any processing. Cons: it spoils during transportation and leaks juice.

Robin

It has the status of a technical grade - the fruits are used to make jam, preserves, and other processed products. The height of the tree is 3-4 m. The disadvantage of the Robin is that it is self-sterile. Suitable pollinators are Shubinka, Lyubskaya, Vladimirskaya. The beginning of fruiting is the 3rd-5th year. The yield of this technical variety is 10-15 tons per 1 ha, per tree - 15-16 kg.

The cherries are dark red, weighing 3-4 g. The seeds are quite large, but are easily separated from the pulp. The taste is sweet and sour. The formation of berries occurs only on one-year-old branches. Withstands frosts down to minus 25 °C. At extremely low temperatures, the buds freeze. Weak immunity against moniliosis, stronger against coccomycosis.

Coral

A distinctive feature of the variety is the scarlet or coral color of the fruits. Thanks to late flowering, the buds do not freeze during spring frosts. The yields are high and stable - up to 70 kg per tree. Tree height - up to 3 m. Suitable pollinators - Gnomik, Alatyrskaya.

The cherries are medium-sized, weighing 4.5-5.5 g. The scarlet fruits have a typical cherry taste. Plus, birds don’t like the taste of the berries. Winter hardiness is high, but transportability is very low. It is precisely because of the impossibility of transportation that this variety is not grown for sale. The variety is resistant to coccomycosis.

Climatic conditions of the Moscow region

The climatic conditions of the Moscow region are characterized by the following characteristics:

• moderate continental;
• good moisture - 540–600 mm of precipitation falls per year, during the period of active plant growth — 250–270 mm;
• warm summer period;
• moderate winter period;
• long, warm, wet autumn period;
• stable snow cover - snow makes up 1/3 of all precipitation that falls, reaching a height of 30–45 cm;
• soil freezing occurs at the end of November;
• the soil freezes 1–1.5 m deep;
• temperatures above +5°C are observed for 175–177 days a year, above +10°C – 138–140 days;
• complete snow melting occurs in early April;
• spring frosts recede from May 10 to 20;
• the beginning of autumn frosts occurs on September 20–25;
• warming to a temperature of +10°C occurs from April 15 to May 15;
• a decrease in temperature in autumn below +10°C is observed from the first days of September to October 15;
• temperature rises above +25°C occur no more than 30 days a year;
• fogs also account for no more than 30–31 days;
• The most common soil is light and medium loamy; heavy soils are less common;
• sudden temperature changes are not typical;
• in the cold season, winds are most often observed from the west, southwest and south, in the warm season - from the northwest;
• frequent cloudiness is typical from November to January;
• Strong winds with speeds above 15 km/h occur about 16 days a year.

Moscow region on the map

Cherry in Memory of Enikeev

Bred at the Moscow Institute of Horticulture. The tree will not grow higher than 3 m. The fruits are larger than average in size and colored dark red. True, the seed in the fruit is quite large. The taste of the fruit is highly rated.

The variety is self-fertile. The harvest from one tree reaches 10-15 kg. The fruits ripen together, around mid-summer. The variety is winter-hardy in the conditions of the south of the Non-Black Earth Region. If you plant it in a place sheltered from cold winds, winter hardiness increases. The best time to plant a seedling is spring. It is weakly affected by coccomycosis and even less commonly by moniliosis.

Varieties of low-growing (dwarf) cherries

Trees of such varieties grow no higher than 2.5 meters . They are very convenient for growing and harvesting, which is why they are very popular among gardeners.

Anthracite

Common cherry Anthracite
Bush-shaped cherry with a wide crown, its maximum height is 2 meters. The skin of the berries is dark, almost black, the flesh is blood red . The weight of the fruit is 4-5 grams, the taste is good. Cherries ripen in mid-summer and are well transported. The Anthracite variety is resistant to frost, drought and fungus.

Bystrinka

Low-growing cherry variety Bystrinka
A small tree forms a spherical crown. The berries are burgundy in color, with pulp of the same color, their weight ranges from 3.5-4.2 grams, and are easily transported. The taste is sweet and sour. The harvest period falls at the beginning of July . The resistance of the Bystrinka variety to frost is average. There is a risk of damage from moniliosis.

Mtsenskaya

Cherry variety Mtsenskaya
The tree rarely exceeds 2 meters in height, the crown is oval. On average, one berry weighs 4 grams, the skin color is dark burgundy . Most often, the fruits of the Mtsenskaya variety are processed. The trees are characterized by good resistance to frost, drought and most diseases. They also have an attractive appearance, which is why they are often used in landscape design.

low growing trees

Cherry varieties whose height does not exceed 2 m are considered low.

Anthracite

The berries are attractive, black and burgundy, large (5 g). The taste is good (4 points). The ripening period is medium-late. The dwarf crown grows no higher than 2 m. The variety bears fruit abundantly and winters well, but does not have complete resistance to disease.

Morel Bryansk

The cherry is short-stemmed, spreading, with a dense weeping crown. The ripening period is very late. The berries are black and red, with a dessert sourness (4.5 points). This high-yielding variety is less susceptible to infections.

Mtsenskaya

The trees are low, spreading, early-bearing. They winter well and do not suffer from moniliosis. Berries weight 3.4 g; tasting score 4.2 points. The bone is detachable. The harvest is harvested in the mid-late period.

Cherry variety Toy

Cherry varieties for the Moscow region can be not only productive and resistant to various climatic changes, but also large-fruited. The Toy variety differs from all other types with its beautiful, large berries that look like artificial (toy) ones. They have a rich red color, smooth, shiny skin and a presentable appearance. Weight on average 7.8-8.5 g.

The Toy cherry tree grows up to 3 meters and bears fruit from 3 years after planting. It always looks neat, even if the pruning is not regular or professional. The crown grows in a uniform, spherical shape; there are not very many pagons. Pollinator varieties: cherry “Shalunya”, “Samsonovka”, cherry “Large-fruited”. The taste of the berries is sweet and sour with a high content of sugars in the composition. Universal use. Productivity reaches 50-70 kg per tree per season. The first berries can be tasted from the beginning of July.

One of the disadvantages is the freezing of flower buds in particularly harsh winters. Sometimes crop loss due to frost reaches up to 80%! Of course, gardeners are not happy about this, so the tree is usually covered with a special protective structure for the winter. It's easy to make yourself. If there is shelter, losses are always minimal.

Description and characteristics of the Arkadik apple tree, its advantages and disadvantages

Varieties by criteria

Cherry varieties are classified not only by ripening time. Table 1 shows the varieties of especially sweet cherries for the Moscow region, their yield and fruit weight.

Table 1

We also recommend reading the article about the best varieties of cherries.

Cherry varieties for the Moscow region, classified into various categories - in table 2

Table 4 shows the most delicious varieties of cherries for the Moscow region.

Table 4

Despite the difficulty of growing cherries in the middle climate, local gardeners can obtain decent yields. When choosing a variety for the Moscow region, in addition to the yield, size and taste of the fruit, it is important to take into account its winter hardiness, pollination methods, tree height and disease resistance.

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Large varieties of cherries

Cherry varieties with large dessert berries are not inferior in taste to sweet cherries. But compared to other varieties, they are demanding in terms of climatic conditions and quality of care.

Consumer goods Black

Cherry variety Consumer goods Black
A low-growing tree with very tasty berries with dark skin, almost black. The pulp is juicy, tender, with an easily separated stone. The fruits of Chernaya Chernaya consumer goods ripen in early June, the variety's harvest is moderate . Has poor resistance to frost. The tree needs additional pollination.

Volochaevka

Cherry Volochaevka
A medium-sized tree capable of producing an annual harvest. The berries are sweet, juicy with dense pulp and an easily removed pit. Ripening occurs in mid-July. The variety does not tolerate frost well; in the rainy season there is a risk of rot . Volochaevka produces both female and male flowers and is self-fertile.

Meeting

Cherry variety Vstrecha
A low tree whose fruit weight exceeds 10 grams. The berries are bright red, with tender and juicy pulp . The harvest of the Vstrecha variety is stable and annual; ripening occurs on the 20th of June. The variety tolerates frost and drought well and is resistant to fungal diseases.

New

In the 21st century, the range has been replenished with interesting new products. Breeders are offering new cherry varieties for the Moscow region that have a range of attractive traits.

Assol

The harvest is ready for harvest in July. The fruits are sweet and sour (4.7 points), quite large (4.2 g). The bone is detachable. Plants are bushy, of medium height. They winter great. The variety is prone to self-pollination.

Shy

Late-ripening, productive, medium-growing, frost-resistant. Rarely affected by fungal infections. The berries are poured up to 4.5 g. Their taste is rated at the highest level (5 points). The skin is thin, the bone is free.

Fad

The crown is dense, not too high. The berries ripen in mid-summer. They weigh more than 5 g. The pulp is juicy, with pleasant acidity (4.7 points). The bone comes off easily.

Landing

Sites

For planting cherries, choose areas that:

• are on a hill,
• well ventilated,
• illuminated by the sun,
• protected from cold air currents.

Not suitable for growing cherries:

• lowlands, basins;
• places with close groundwater (closer than 2 m).

The soil

The most suitable soil for a cherry orchard is light or medium loam with neutral acidity. On heavy clay soils, you need to add sand and carry out liming (add lime at the rate of 0.5 kg per 1 square meter).

Boarding time

In the Moscow region, the best time to plant cherries is spring. Since cherries, like all stone fruit crops, begin to awaken early, seedlings with an open root system should be planted as early as possible - as soon as the snow melts. Autumn planting is undesirable. It is better to bury seedlings purchased in the fall at an angle and leave them to winter under the snow until spring. Plants with a closed root system, i.e. You can plant in pots throughout the warm season until frost.

Presence of pollinating combs

When planting a cherry orchard, you should take care of the presence of pollinator varieties

Since most cherry varieties are self-sterile or partially self-fertile, to obtain good yields when planting, it is necessary to use several varieties, including universal pollinators. This is useful even for varieties that are considered self-fertile, since in the presence of pollinators they produce large yields.

Popular varieties of bush cherries for planting in the Moscow region

Purchasing fruit tree seedlings in the Moscow region is no longer a problem. Specialized nurseries with an abundance of crops, species and varieties are available to gardeners. Among them, the nursery “Favorite Garden” occupies a leading position. You can purchase the necessary varieties of cherry trees inexpensively now.

As for the variety of varieties, in fact there are not so many of them for planting in the Moscow region - only 37 varieties of ordinary and 15 felt varieties. All of them are registered in the Russian State Register, have strong immunity, high yields and excellent taste characteristics. Separately, I would like to highlight the most popular seedlings:

• "Lyubskaya" - a distinctive feature is high self-fertility;
• “Turgenevskaya” is a medium-sized tree with a pyramidal crown;
• "Vladimirskaya" - bush-like branching.

Attention: Turgenevskaya (variety in the photo) and Vladimirskaya varieties require replanting with pollinating varieties, while Lyubskaya grows and bears fruit without their help.

How and when to plant cherries in the Moscow region

To grow cherries in the climatic conditions of the Moscow region, certain requirements must be met. They relate to timing, location and methods of planting. The distance between cherries is 3 m. Low-growing or dwarf species are planted at a distance of 2 m.

Selecting the landing time

Experts recommend doing this in the spring. Before the buds open, approximately in early April. For autumn planting, it is recommended to organize everything before October. Otherwise, the tree will not take root and will freeze in winter.

Among other things, the characteristics of the seedling itself must be taken into account; some specimens may freeze. It is better not to plant in the fall, but leave the planting until the spring; the seedling is dug in, wrapped well and left to overwinter. In early spring you can plant it in a permanent place.

Selecting a location

In order for the seedlings to feel good, it is necessary to choose the right place. A well-lit area in the sun is suitable. Soil composition:

• loamy;
• sandy loam.

Melt water should not stagnate at the planting site. Before planting, the acidity of the area is checked; it should be neutral. Liming is carried out if necessary. It is better not to use southern slopes for planting, as the tree will freeze there in winter and will need a lot of water in summer.

Cherry varieties for the Krasnodar Territory and southern regions

Residents of warm regions have a large selection of cherries. Large-fruited and sweet dukes grow well there, varieties of any ripening period, including early ones. It is worth paying attention to cultivars that tolerate heat and drought well. Cherry varieties for the Krasnodar Territory and southern regions:

• Ashinskaya;
• Meeting;
• Garland;
• Drop;
• Lyubskaya;
• Morozovka;
• Hope;
• Novella;
• Night;
• Podbelskaya;
• Vocation;
• Prima;
• Rossoshanskaya;
• Tamaris;
• Turgenevka;
• Fairy;
• Kharitonovka;
• Farmer;
• Chernokorka;
• Black Large;
• Miracle;
• Minx;
• Spanka.

Rules for caring for cherries

To grow a crop, you must strictly follow the recommendations of experienced gardeners. Compliance with standard agrotechnical requirements allows you to obtain the declared yield from any plant, including cherries.

Watering

The amount of moisture consumed by one tree depends on the variety and age of the plant. The smaller the tree, the more often it needs to be watered. Mature cherries are watered rarely, but abundantly. It is advisable to avoid waterlogging and waterlogging of the soil, as well as drying out.

Feeding

Even during planting, it is recommended to apply complex mineral fertilizers and organic matter. In the future, as the tree grows, its appearance is observed; a lack of any substance will be signaled by external changes.

An adult plant is fed with organic matter once every 2-3 years, and mineral fertilizers are applied 2-3 times per season. Feeding requires attention in autumn and spring.

Trimming

The formation of the crown depends on the characteristics of the variety. Some trees are pruned in the first year. And some require formation only after a few years.

Don't forget about sanitary pruning. The sooner a deformed or diseased branch is cut down, the less harm it will cause to the tree.

Preparing the tree for winter

The climatic features of the Moscow region provide additional shelter for fruit trees in the garden. In the fall, feed with complex fertilizers, cut off unnecessary branches, and form a crown.

With the onset of cold weather, the tree is wrapped up so that the fruit buds do not freeze out during the winter cold.

Subtleties of care

Cherry is a strong and unpretentious tree. For abundant fruiting, it needs a moderate amount of moisture, nutritious neutral soil and timely pruning.

Important! Sanitary pruning for cherries is relevant every year, and it is recommended to remove branches for the purpose of rejuvenation every 4 to 5 years.

Watering

Most cherries tolerate drought well and react painfully to dampness. Therefore, it is unacceptable for water to stagnate in the hole near the tree trunk, but it still needs periodic watering.

Experts advise abundantly moistening the soil under the plant:

• during its flowering period;
• when the ovary forms (to prevent its shedding);
• after harvesting (moisture is necessary for laying future fruits).

No more than 3 liters of water should be poured under each mature tree. Excess moisture promotes the development of root rot and fungal infections. During the fruiting period, excessive watering can cause cracking and rotting of the berries.

Did you know? The name "cherry" is of Slavic origin. He is associated with “height”, “the Most High”. For many peoples, this tree is considered divine and symbolizes life.

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Feeding

Fertilizing cherries is important once every 2 to 4 years. Nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus mixtures will be useful during the flowering period of the tree. (It is important to fertilize at the beginning of budding and 2 weeks after that). The working solution is prepared in a ratio of 3:2:1. If in the spring, when rooting the seedling, the site was not properly prepared, then in the spring the young tree must be fed with organic substances (rotted humus or compost).

Experienced gardeners advise pouring fertilizer into the hole near the trunk for young cherries, and fertilizing mature trees by spraying nutrients throughout the garden. The frequency of fertilizing for young cherries depends on their annual growth. For example, if in 12 months the length of the side branches has increased by 60 cm, then no measures need to be taken.

If the growth is much smaller, then in the spring a mixture of:

• half a bucket of humus;
• 100 g double superphosphate;
• 150 g ammonium nitrate.

We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the features and methods of feeding cherries.

Trees that are more than 4 years old need a mixture of:

• 20 g ammonium nitrate;
• 10 g double superphosphate;
• 5 g potassium salt.

In the first years of life, it is important to monitor the development of a young seedling. Its appearance indicates the presence or excess of certain substances. Namely:

1. Intensive growth of biomass, very elongated shoots and low yield are a sign of an excessive amount of nitrogen-containing components in the soil. When it is deficient, unnatural yellow spots appear on the leaves.
2. Prematurely yellowing, dying foliage is a signal of the need to reduce phosphorus components. In case of their deficiency, curvature of the fruits is observed. They become overly sour in taste, and the foliage loses its gloss.
3. Weak growth, partial death of branches, pale green foliage with traces of necrosis, its curling, small fruits - it is worth reducing potassium fertilizing.
4. Spotting on the leaves, the development of chlorosis, the appearance of light veins is a signal of an excess amount of microelements

Important! Cherries are sensitive to attacks by moths, slimy sawflies, caterpillars, aphids, lacewings, hawthorns, and weevils. To get rid of pests, you need to spray the tree with an insecticide solution

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Trimming

Cherries need annual sanitary and periodic anti-aging pruning. For the full development of the tree and in order to prevent its diseases, it is important to remove damaged, broken and dried branches from the crown every spring. The cut site must be treated with garden varnish to prevent gum formation.

It is also important to remove shoots growing inside the crown. For abundant fruiting, all branches must be well lit. It is recommended to plan pruning in March, when there is no threat of frost, but the tree is still dormant.

We advise you to learn about measures to combat gum growth on cherries.

Preparing a tree for winter

Young trees require special attention. To stimulate winter-hardy qualities, they are watered abundantly in the fall. It is important that by this moment the tree trunk circles have already been dug up (15 cm deep), otherwise stagnation of moisture will lead to damage to the roots. After that, the holes are mulched with sawdust, mowed grass or peat. You cannot use pine needles as mulch, since this material contributes to soil oxidation.

At the stage of autumn preparation for cold weather, all trees need to be prevented from diseases. First you need to carry out sanitary pruning and remove fallen leaves from the garden. Then experienced gardeners advise spraying the trees with a 5% urea solution. In order to help the cherry tree survive the winter safely, you can cover it with snow, compacting it tightly in the circle around the trunk. In snowless winters, dry straw or hay will come to the rescue.

Variety Vozrozhdenie

Cherry Revival

Vozrozhdenie cherry variety rarely gets sick and therefore is very popular not only in the Moscow region, but also in other regions. She has strong immunity by nature and even if she is not fed often, it remains at a high level.

The tree is not very tall (2.5-3 meters), it grows actively only in the first 2-3 years, then development slows down. It is characterized by high productivity, bears fruit annually, starting from 4-5 years. Ripening occurs in early July. The berries are large, up to 3.5 grams, dark red in color. The pulp is aromatic, juicy and sweetish. Universal use, transportability and product quality are excellent.

The Vozrozhdenie cherry variety for cultivation in the Moscow region has good winter hardiness. Harsh winters are not a problem for him. But if the tree is young, insulation for the winter will not hurt. Typically, gardeners mulch the tree trunk and wrap the trunk in insulating material to protect the main part of the tree. Even if some branches freeze, the tree will quickly recover if its base and root system are in order. But, in addition, the variety is drought-resistant and not capricious; it grows and survives even with minimal care.

The main disadvantage is that the variety produces large yields only if there are pollinating trees nearby. These can be “Crystal”, “Lyubskaya” or “Coral” cherries.

Tall varieties

This group includes tree-like cherries over 4 m high.

Rastunya

Folk selection. The variety is mid-season, relatively resistant to drought. In favorable years, it pleases with abundant harvests. In harsh winters, fruit buds may freeze; wood is more durable. Smallish (2.5 g) berries are good for processing. The taste is sour. The bone comes off easily.

Shubinka

This is a local (Moscow region) variety of unknown origin. The berries are loose, sour, small (2.5 g). The fruits are removed with a wet tear and leak during transportation. The disadvantages are compensated by the highest frost resistance of wood and flower buds.

Advice from experienced gardeners

To successfully grow cherries on your site, we suggest using the advice of experienced gardeners:

1. Since most of the best varieties are self-sterile or partially self-fertile, you can achieve abundant fruiting from them only by planting 3-4 other varieties nearby, asking which ones will become the best pollinators.
2. You should not plant seedlings in the ground when October has already passed. It is better to bury them in the ground and thus preserve them until spring.
3. Cherries should not be planted on acidic soils. Before planting, acidity must be reduced by adding lime. Liming is carried out before adding organic fertilizers.
4. If the soil is too clayey, sand should be added to it.
5. Fertilizers must be applied only after heavy watering or rainfall - otherwise you can burn the roots.
6. Since the root system of cherry trees is superficial, fertilizers should be placed between rows to a depth of 10–15 cm, and in the near-trunk zone, spread on the surface, then digging up the soil using a spade.
7. Those varieties that have weak or moderate resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis must be subject to preventive spraying with Horus. Treatments are carried out at intervals of 14 days.
8. Berries that are planned to be transported and stored should be removed with the stalks. Cherries for processing can be picked without stems.
9. You can propagate cherries at home using root shoots, cuttings and grafting.

As you can see, in the Moscow region you can grow many varieties of cherries with different ripening periods and heights. Before deciding on any specific varietal specimen, you need to familiarize yourself with the most complete information about its advantages, disadvantages and preferences.

The best varieties: how to choose cherries and not be disappointed

Often amateur gardeners complain that their cherries do not bear fruit well, often get sick, and in general they are disappointed in this crop. And the reason may be that they choose the wrong varieties.

1. Plant only cherries that are designated or zoned for your region. It would be a mistake to assume that southern varieties will not grow in the North, but it’s easy to do the opposite. If you decide to take a risk, take the trouble to go straight to the nursery for cherries. There is a golden rule for planting the “inappropriate” crop. If you want to grow a variety intended for a region further south than yours, buy it from a nursery in the north and vice versa.
2. Think about how your cherry will be pollinated. Even self-fertile varieties will produce the best yield when cross-pollinated. For example, the famous Lyubskaya, depending on the region, produces an average of 12-15 or 25 kg per bush. But in the presence of the “right” pollinators, its yield can exceed 50 kg. Plant cherries in pairs, ask your neighbors what varieties they grow. The pollination radius is 40 m, which is not so small. As a last resort, graft a branch of the desired variety onto the tree.
3. Think carefully about which cherries to plant. Don't neglect technical varieties! The dining rooms look beautiful and eating them fresh is a pleasure. But the juice and jam they make are mediocre. Their taste is flat, “nothing.” Have you ever wondered why only sweet cherries are not planted in Ukraine? It does not grow in every area. But try to find even a tiny courtyard without cherry trees, you will search for a long time. Sweet berries are eaten and forgotten, but jam and juice will delight us until the new harvest, diversifying our diet and replenishing the lack of vitamins.
4. When looking at cherry characteristics, correlate the yield with the plant's habit.
5. Tree size. Think carefully about the height of the cherry that will suit your yard. 6-7 kg of fruit collected from a two-meter tree or bush will all be eaten or processed. But a 7-meter cherry tree that produces 60 kg of berries will feed birds, a caterpillar (it’s difficult to process), and the crop will simply rot or dry out.
6. Residents of the northern regions, do not chase early varieties! They usually bloom early too; it is difficult for them to avoid returning frosts and wait for the flight of beneficial pollinating insects. It’s better to get a decent harvest in two weeks or even a month than to admire the blossoms every year and buy cherries at the market.
7. Manure! It has nothing to do with varieties, but it cannot be ignored. The fact that cherries love manure is written in almost every article devoted to this crop. But we read this and conveniently forget. But the famous Ukrainian cherry orchards began to decline not when coccomycosis began to rage, but much earlier! They lost much of their attractiveness and fertility when cows became rare on the farm! If you want an exemplary cherry tree, manure it!

Comment! If you need cherry varieties without shoots and with good winter hardiness, pay attention to Bessey.

The most common fruit diseases

The damp climate of the Moscow region contributes to the spread of such dangerous fungal diseases of cherries as coccomycosis, clasterosporosis and moniliosis.

Coccomycosis

When infected with coccomycosis, the leaves become covered with brown spots, and depressed brown spots appear on the fruits. Such fruits are tasteless and often dry out. With severe development of the disease, the leaves turn yellow and fall off early, which leads to weakening of the tree and freezing in winter.

Clusterosporosis

Clusterospora or holey leaf spot. Affects all parts of the plant. Small brown spots appear on the leaves, which grow and holes form in their place. Cracks appear on the branches and resin leaks out of them. The fruits stop growing and dry out.

Moniliosis (or monilial burn)

The first signs of the disease appear immediately after flowering. Affected flowers darken and dry out. The disease then spreads to the leaves and shoots. They also turn brown and dry out. The wood takes on a burnt appearance. The fruits rot. Branches affected by the disease dry out.

Compliance with correct agricultural practices, mandatory spring treatment of the garden against diseases, removal of diseased and dried branches and fruits, as well as the correct choice of cherry varieties for planting will help to overcome these dangerous diseases and annually obtain good harvests in the gardens of the Moscow region.

Varieties of dwarf cherries for planting in limited areas

Unfortunately, not all residents of Moscow and the Moscow region can boast of extensive dacha lands. But don’t despair, especially for those whose plot is small in size, breeders have bred dwarf varieties of everyone’s favorite cherry. Among them, worthy positions are occupied by the following:

• “Anthracite” - fruits are purple to black, fleshy and juicy;
• “Mtsenskaya” - in appearance with an oval crown;
• “Bystrinka” – grows quickly and bears fruit;
• "Tamaris";
• "Rusinka".

Reviews

I recommend growing Anthracite 3-year cherry, a very good variety. The fruits are large, black and very tasty, sweet and sour. And what kind of jam does it make? I ordered seedlings here https://hoga.ru/catalog....itovaya the price is not high. The yield of this variety is high, and also has high winter hardiness.

yasiat29

https://vbesedke.ucoz.ru/forum/23–90–1

I called Phytogenetics and they said that the cherries were half a meter long. Can't send by parcel post. I would take both Molodezhnaya and Volochaevka (it also turns out to be self-fertile, tasty and one of the most reliable)... But something tells me that good trees can grow from them. An example: the year before last I took the Tsar’s cherry plum from the Michurinsky Garden - a thin branch of half a meter. And two years later a tree grew more than 3 meters in height. Now it is simply strewn with fruits and gives meter-long growth. So much for the lack of bees (positioned as self-sterile). This means that cherries should bear fruit, especially self-fertile ones.

alex123

In 2012, I was picking cherries in the Vtisp garden. It was a fruitful year and I ate my fill of this stuff. The Enikeev Memory Trees were quite tall; cherries were collected from a stepladder. She had many fruits affected, it seems, by cocomycosis. In general, it’s not an ideal variety, although it is one of the most delicious or even the most...

Kolyadin Roman

https://forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1148&start=1365

Growing cherries is like riding a roller coaster. At first, it’s even difficult to imagine how many factors influence the harvest. But as soon as you wait for your own ruby ​​berries, doubts and fears are swept aside, and your feet lead to the nursery for new varieties. As for that cherry behind the fence, no one tasted it.

Growing your own berries in the garden is every gardener's dream. But often it turns out that the tree does not bear fruit at all. What type of cherry is suitable for the Moscow region, what qualities should trees have in order to bear fruit in this region. These are the questions a summer resident asks when he is looking for a suitable cherry variety in nurseries.

Description of the best varieties of dwarf cherries, planting and care, disease control

The insufficient territory of a personal plot forces gardeners to more carefully plan plantings and choose garden crops

If space is limited, experts advise paying attention to varieties of dwarf cherries. Despite its small size, such a tree can surprise you with its yield, but to do this you need to know about the peculiarities of its cultivation.

Features of dwarf cherry

Dwarf cherry grows from 1 to 1.5 meters in height. Thin spreading branches give it the appearance of a bush. The leaves are small in size and shape; they grow no more than 5 cm and have a pointed end. The flowering period of dwarf cherries lasts from 2 to 3 weeks and, unlike traditional varieties, is accompanied by a rich aroma.

The berries of the dwarf tree can be from light to dark red, some varieties become almost black when ripe.

The diameter of the fruit is on average 1 cm, and the average weight is no more than 5 g. A distinctive feature of low-growing trees is the early period of yield and its high yield.

They can reach 10-12 kg, which is ensured by the density of the berries on the branches.

Growing principle

The tree should be planted in a well-lit place, since cherries require sufficient light. It is recommended to choose the south side of the garden; the elevation of the area is not an obstacle. Low-growing trees do not respond well to even slight shade, so despite their short stature, they should not be planted under large trees.

It is undesirable to be near coniferous trees near cherries; they are carriers of infections dangerous to them.

To avoid disappointment, the plant should be purchased from specialized nurseries. The following rules should be followed:

• choose a one- or two-year-old plant for planting, as they are acclimatized and have a sufficient degree of hardiness;
• carefully examine the roots, removing dry shoots;
• before planting, perform the soaking procedure for 10 hours in water or in a growth-stimulating solution;
• Planting should be carried out in previously prepared soil; enrichment with manure and fertilizers should be carried out in the fall.

Sandy loam soil is considered ideal for growing low-growing species, since it is characterized by sufficient looseness and easily allows air and water to pass through. The depth of the dug hole should be equal to 1⁄2 the height of the seedling. After planting, the soil needs to be moistened with 2 buckets of warm water.

Care

Caring for dwarf cherries is standard and does not require much time or effort.

For successful cultivation, it is important to control watering and trim branches in a timely manner.

Moisturizing is carried out as needed, increasing it during the dry season and at the time of ripening of the berries. During prolonged rains, loosening the soil is required.

This will allow excess moisture to drain away in a timely manner and eliminate the risk of water stagnation.

Before flowering begins, a tree inspection is required. If there are frozen, dried shoots, you need to remove them using pruners. Pruning is carried out in early spring before the sap begins to flow. Such actions help to enhance the growth of shoots and make it possible for the tree to grow stronger during flowering. Autumn removal of branches is carried out only when absolutely necessary.

For better fruiting, it is recommended to periodically fertilize with fertilizers. The first is carried out before flowering begins after bud formation. After the flowers bloom, it is permissible to add organic matter. In the autumn, after harvesting, mineral fertilizers in the form of potassium, phosphorus and calcium are added to the soil.

Youth

A more modern variety that appeared on our sites at the end of the last century. It has absorbed many positive qualities, including short stature, a rounded crown with drooping shoots that is convenient for picking fruit, and fairly large dark burgundy berries, very tasty both fresh and in numerous processed products.

In addition, the variety is very productive - from such a low tree you can harvest up to 15 kg of ripe cherries! I would recommend having it on your site not only for residents of the Moscow region, but also for other regions of Russia. The only drawback is that in very wet years, trees can still suffer to a moderate degree from coccomycosis and moniliosis.

Quick reference of terms

In articles devoted to cherries, there are often terms whose meaning we do not know or understand incorrectly. We will try to explain them briefly. Probably, even advanced gardeners will not refuse a kind of cheat sheet. Of course, all this information can be easily found on the Internet; here it is simply collected together.

Most often, the terms associated with the ability of cherries to set fruit from their own pollen are not entirely correctly interpreted.

Self-fertility. Even in the absence of pollinators, cherries can produce up to 50% of the possible harvest.

Partial self-fertility. Without pollinating varieties, only 7 to 20% of berries will set.

Self-sterility. In the absence of a variety suitable for pollination, cherries will produce no more than 5% of the harvest.

Entry into fruiting

Compared to other crops (except peach), cherries begin to bear fruit early. Varieties are divided into three groups:

Precocious. The first harvest is harvested in the third or fourth year after planting.

Medium-fruited. Fruiting occurs in the fourth year.

Late-fertile. The harvest begins in the fifth or sixth year after planting.

Data are given for grafted varieties. Steppe cherry almost always begins to bear fruit earlier than ordinary cherry.

The period of full fruiting of cherries, depending on the variety, occurs at 8-12 years of age.

Cherry sizes

According to size, cherry varieties are also divided into three groups:

Short. A tree, or more often a bush, the height of which does not exceed 2 m.

Medium height. Plant 2-4 m high.

Tall. Cherry, the height of which reaches 6-7 m or more.

Plant size is not a constant. With poor care, the cherry will be lower than the declared size, and with an excess of nitrogen fertilizers, it will be higher. In both cases, the yield and quality of the fruit will suffer.

Harvest dates

Everything seems to be clear with this. There are varieties:

Early ripening. They begin to bear fruit in late June - early July.

Mid-season. The harvest is harvested in July.

Late ripening. Cherries ripen in August.

Remember, the further south the region, the earlier the cherries ripen.

Purpose of fruits

Cherry varieties are divided into three groups:

Technical. They usually have small sour berries with a high content of vitamins and other useful elements. Eating them fresh is a dubious pleasure. But these cherries make the best jams, juices, and wines.

Universal. The berries are suitable for processing and fresh consumption.

Dining rooms. They are often called dessert. The fruits are very beautiful and tasty; they contain a lot of sugar and little acid. Such cherries are good to eat fresh, but the processed products from them are mediocre. They are distinguished by a “flat” taste and weak aroma.

Woody form of cherry

Cultivated cherries are divided into two groups based on plant shape:

Shrub. It combines steppe cherry and those varieties of common cherry that grow in the form of a multi-stemmed low bush. Typically this group is more resistant to frost than the tree group. It bears fruit mainly on last year's shoots.

Features of the fruit

Cherry fruits are divided into two unequal groups:

Morels or griots. The juice of most varieties of steppe and common cherries is rich red. It gets your hands dirty, has a pronounced aroma and noticeable sourness even in table varieties.

Amoreli. Cherry varieties with pink fruits and light juice. There are much fewer of them, they are sweeter.

A short dictionary of hybrids

Recently, many hybrids have been created. This is not least due to the desire to develop cherry varieties that are disease-resistant and can withstand severe frosts. In addition, residents of cold regions do not give up hope of getting cherries suitable for growing in the North in their gardens.

Duke. Hybrid of cherry and sweet cherry.

Cerapadus. A hybrid of cherry and Maak bird cherry, where the mother plant is cherry.

Padocerus. The result of crossing a cherry with a bird cherry, the mother plant is the Maak bird cherry.

Diseases and pests

Dwarf cherry species are resistant to pests and various diseases of fruit trees. Most often they are subject to fungal infections, so it is necessary to periodically inspect them for their presence. Plantings may suffer from the following diseases:

• moniliosis;
• various types of spotting;
• scab.

Dwarf trees are often subject to aphid infestations. The greatest danger threatens seedlings when new leaves and young shoots appear. Common cherry pests include worms, moths, and fruit mites.

Fighting methods

One of the most common fungal diseases of cherries is moniliosis, which is often called monilial burn. It is easy to determine when the plant is flowering. If it is present, dry rot begins to form on the branches, they dry out, and the tree may completely die. Symptoms of damage are observed in the following sequence:

• outbreaks appear that resemble the effects of fire;
• gray growths form on the bark;
• the berries are covered with gray rot;
• branches crack and die.

To combat moniliosis, fungicides are used - “Oleocuprit”, “Kaptan”, “Kuprozan”. Before treatment, the affected areas and fruits are removed. One procedure may not be enough, in which case the manipulations are repeated.

Cherry plantings may suffer from brown or hole spotting. The disease manifests itself in the form of dark, brown or yellowish spots, in place of which holes form over time. The leaves begin to dry out and fall off. They fight this disease with a 1% solution of copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture. The latter is also used for scab.

To prevent infection of plantings by aphids, they are sprayed with special preparations, of which there are quite a lot on the market for gardening products today. The treatment is done until the buds open. Good results are obtained when using Nitrafen or Olekuprit. At the first signs of the presence of larvae on the plant, the plantings are sprayed before the buds open. Immediately before flowering begins, the work is repeated using Karbofos.

During the gardening season, if necessary, insecticide treatment is carried out repeatedly.

Prevention

Prevention of diseases and pests is compliance with planting rules and timely removal of affected branches and fruits. The first preventive spraying is carried out after the pruning procedure, using a 1% vitriol solution for this purpose. To prevent diseases, the lower part of the shoots is whitened with lime. Spraying with a urea solution prepared from 700 g of the drug and 10 liters of water will help protect the tree from pests that have spent the winter season in the bark.

When using Bordeaux mixture, the following spraying times should be observed:

• the first - until the buds open;
• the second - after the end of flowering;
• third - no later than 3 weeks before the start of berry picking.

Spraying with Zircon or Ecoberin will help increase the tree's resistance to various pests.

Advantages and disadvantages

Low varieties of bird cherries have many advantages, especially when bred in private gardening.
The main advantage is compactness; some types of trees resemble a bush form. Dwarf trees with a spherical crown allow you to plant 2-3 specimens of different varieties even on a modest garden plot. This is especially true for self-fertile cherries, which require additional pollination. In addition to their small size, growing low-growing types of fruit trees has other positive aspects for the amateur gardener:

• simplicity of agricultural technology and care;
• ease of picking fruits;
• fruiting begins earlier than in standard high varieties;
• yield can reach 20 kg per tree;
• The berries are dense and suitable for long-term transportation.

Along with a large number of advantages, the types of dwarf cherries bred by breeders have their disadvantages:

• trees require proper crown formation and mandatory shelter for the winter - the more comfortably they survive the cold season, the more abundant the harvest will be;
• bush cherries are extremely demanding on the planting site - the best option would be a sunny place, protected from the winds and not having a high level of groundwater;
• the berries of the hybrids differ in size from the southern tall specimens - their weight is 4-5 grams;
• The taste of fruits from one tree can be varied - from sweet to sour-tart.

Like other juicy fruits, cherries do not have a high shelf life; they should be processed or eaten as soon as possible.

Interesting! The high yield of hybrid fruit trees is their advantage and disadvantage at the same time. Due to the abundance of fruits, cherries do not allow them to grow to full size; the size of the berries remains below average (up to 5g).

Early ripening varieties for the Moscow region

The fruits of early cherry varieties ripen in early July. Early cherries differ from each other in taste, juiciness, appearance of the tree and fruit, and other characteristics.

Renaissance

The variety is characterized by high immunity - this cherry almost never gets sick. Fruits abundantly and consistently. Grows on any soil. The first fruits are produced in the 4th year of planting. The variety, due to its high immunity, is popular in many regions of Russia. Recommended pollinators – Coral, Lyubskaya, Crystal. Productivity is high - up to 25 kg per tree.

The cherries are dark burgundy with small, well-separable seeds, and excellent taste - the fruits are given 4.5 points out of 5. The berries are large, sweetish, and juicy. Weight - from 2.5 to 3.5 g. Transportable well - even in a fully ripe state. Product quality is excellent. Low maintenance requirements - water the tree only in early June and during drought.

Toy

This hybrid with large fruits is created on the basis of the Amateur cherry and the Solnechny Shar variety. Recommended pollinators are Samsonovka or Shalunya cherry, Krupnofrodnaya cherry, Valery Chkalov. The height of the hybrid is up to 7 m. The first fruits are in the 3rd year after planting. The harvest from a tree is up to 45 kg, maximum – 72 kg. Fruits up to 25 years.

The fruits are dark red, very large, weigh 7-9 g. They have red tender pulp, the taste is sweet and sour. Rating score – 4.5 out of 5. The fruits are eaten fresh, juices and wines are prepared. The stone is easily separated from the pulp. Tolerates frosts up to 25 °C. In the conditions of the Moscow region it requires insulation.

Turgenevka

This variety is perfect for lovers of “traditional” cherries. Its trees are medium-sized with a crown of medium density. This means that approximately once every 2-3 years you will have to carry out sanitary pruning, otherwise the crown may thicken and yields may decrease.

The fruits of the variety will also appeal to all those who love the cherry taste; they are moderately sweet with a pronounced sourness, perfect for jams and compotes. The undoubted advantages of the variety include its resistance to moniliosis and coccomycosis, high winter hardiness and drought resistance, as well as sufficient yield. Alas, there is also a drawback - in particularly harsh winters, flower buds may freeze, which reduces yields by 35-40%.

The varieties discussed below have more tasty fruits, but they are slightly less winter-hardy than the previous ones. They are suitable for the southern regions of the Moscow region.

Dwarf cherry varieties, their description and characteristics

The key to growing dwarf cherries is choosing the right variety. Otherwise, the tree will not produce a harvest and may die. In the southern regions, you can plant cherries with average frost resistance (Lyubskaya, Vstrecha), and for the Moscow region, forms with high resistance to frost and, ideally, immunity to coccomycosis (a dangerous fungal disease widespread in this area), such as Tamaris, Anna, are suitable , Rusinka, Bystrinka. Let's look at some of the most famous varieties.

Anthracite

The fruits of this cherry become almost black when ripe, which explains its name. Large (about 5 g) sweet berries, easily separated from the stone, give Anthracite a resemblance to cherries. This is a high-yielding mid-season variety that ripens in the second half of July.

Bystrinka

Super productive early variety. The first berries can be eaten already at the beginning of July, and in total up to 20 kg of dark red berries can be harvested from the tree, which looks like a spherical shrub, per season. Bystrinka tolerates frost, transportation and storage well, but is prone to moniliosis.

Mtsenskaya

A good technical variety with beautiful dark red berries weighing up to 4 g. Their pulp is juicy, the taste is average, and transportability is high, which makes Mtsenskaya an ideal raw material for juices, liqueurs, compotes and other processing. Mtsenskaya is also valued for the durability of its trees, reaching a height of 2 m.

Winter pomegranate

This is a fairly new variety, bred through the selection of so-called sand (steppe) cherries, widely cultivated in America. Winter pomegranate is exceptionally frost-hardy, self-pollinating and resistant to pests and diseases.

Its taste is good: the pulp is sweet, with a slight sourness. To enjoy the taste of Pomegranate to the fullest, you need to wait for its consumer ripeness, which occurs in August: that’s when the berries turn dark burgundy.

A pleasant bonus is the high preservation of the fruits - they can hang on the branch until the end of September. Winter pomegranate is very decorative and its trees, reaching a height of 1.5 to 2 m, will decorate any garden.

Bead

Beads trees reaching 2 m can easily withstand severe frosts. The variety is high-yielding and causes little hassle associated with care and protection from pests. The berries live up to their name: they are very small (no more than 3 g), but juicy and tasty. Cherries are great for making compotes, juices and jam.

Dwarf cherry varieties, their description and characteristics

The key to growing dwarf cherries is choosing the right variety. Otherwise, the tree will not produce a harvest and may die. In the southern regions, you can plant cherries with average frost resistance (Lyubskaya, Vstrecha), and for the Moscow region, forms with high resistance to frost and, ideally, immunity to coccomycosis (a dangerous fungal disease widespread in this area), such as Tamaris, Anna, are suitable , Rusinka, Bystrinka. Let's look at some of the most famous varieties.

Did you know? Cherry juice is a natural sleep aid. It increases the concentration of the hormone melatonin in the blood, promoting deeper and longer sleep.

Anthracite

The fruits of this cherry become almost black when ripe, which explains its name. Large (about 5 g) sweet berries, easily separated from the stone, give Anthracite a resemblance to cherries. This is a high-yielding mid-season variety that ripens in the second half of July.

Bystrinka

Super productive early variety. The first berries can be eaten already at the beginning of July, and in total up to 20 kg of dark red berries can be harvested from the tree, which looks like a spherical shrub, per season. Bystrinka tolerates frost, transportation and storage well, but is prone to moniliosis.

Did you know? Cherry is the symbol of Utah, USA.

Mtsenskaya

A good technical variety with beautiful dark red berries weighing up to 4 g. Their pulp is juicy, the taste is average, and transportability is high, which makes Mtsenskaya an ideal raw material for juices, liqueurs, compotes and other processing. Mtsenskaya is also valued for the durability of its trees, reaching a height of 2 m.

Winter pomegranate

This is a fairly new variety, bred through the selection of so-called sand (steppe) cherries, widely cultivated in America. Winter pomegranate is exceptionally frost-hardy, self-pollinating and resistant to pests and diseases.

We recommend reading about black cherry varieties.

Its taste is good: the pulp is sweet, with a slight sourness. To enjoy the taste of Pomegranate to the fullest, you need to wait for its consumer ripeness, which occurs in August: that’s when the berries turn dark burgundy.

A pleasant bonus is the high preservation of the fruits - they can hang on the branch until the end of September. Winter pomegranate is very decorative and its trees, reaching a height of 1.5 to 2 m, will decorate any garden.

Bead

Beads trees reaching 2 m can easily withstand severe frosts. The variety is high-yielding and causes little hassle associated with care and protection from pests. The berries live up to their name: they are very small (no more than 3 g), but juicy and tasty. Cherries are great for making compotes, juices and jam.

Proven varieties

There are about 150 varieties of low-growing cherries. To choose the right option, you should take into account the local climate. Let's consider the varieties of dwarf cherries, which are classified as well-tolerant of the weather conditions of the Moscow region.

• Tamaris. The berries of the tree are juicy, dark red with brown dots, and slightly sour. The variety is used in cooking and is often consumed fresh. The harvest is harvested in early August.
• Quick. The tree looks like a ball due to the position of the branches. The berries, weighing 3.5-4.2 g, are burgundy in color. Solid, tolerate transportation well. It is distinguished by good early yield - the berries will ripen in early July. Prone to moniliasis.
• In memory of Mashkin. The fruits of the tree ripen in mid-July. They grow up to 5 g. The pulp is tender, sweet and sour. It is not particularly winter hardy or immune to disease.

There are varieties for Siberia and the Urals.

• Ural ruby. The height of the bush is on average about 1.5 m, the branches grow downwards. The leaves are boat-shaped and dark green in color. The berries are sweet and sour and very juicy, weighing up to 4 g. Brings up to about 10 kg of harvest per season. Ripens in August.
• Lighthouse. Relatively tall bush (up to 2 m). Self-fertile, but brings more yield in the vicinity of such varieties as Vole and Generous Cherry. The fruits are dark red with a sweet and sour taste, weigh about 6 g. Fruits in late July - early August. One bush can produce up to 15 kg.

We will consider varieties for the northern regions below.

• Winter pomegranate. Despite its name, it is a type of low-growing cherry. It is unpretentious to grow and thrives at both very low and high temperatures. Resistant to pests. Winter pomegranate is great for a novice gardener because it does not require special care and has excellent yield. In one season it can produce from 10 kg of cherries.
• Businka is a type of dwarf cherry that is particularly winter hardy. The fruits are usually bright red and small. This species is rarely eaten fresh. Most often used for canning, jam, compotes and other culinary delights. It is characterized by frost resistance, fruitfulness, and resistance to all types of pests.
• Ob. It is distinguished by its very small growth - only 1.3 m in height. The berries are small, tasty, dark red. It begins to bear fruit a year after planting. Consumed fresh, used for culinary dishes. It tolerates low temperatures and heat well, but does not tolerate pests well. Cherries do not need pollination

The key to success in growing low-growing varieties of cherries lies in the correct choice of variety. An unsuitable climate dramatically reduces the likelihood of successful tree development. The plant can be propagated by cuttings or layering. Such methods can be used only after the first harvest and 2-3 years before the end of the plant’s life.

The following rules should be followed:

• The planting site should be on the sunny side of the yard, other trees should not block the rays of the sun;
• You should not plant cherries next to coniferous trees, they can cause the development of infectious diseases;
• the soil must allow moisture to pass through well, be loose so that air can circulate, these include sandy loam, loamy soil subject to frequent fertilization, clay soil with the addition of sand, black soil;
• It should be planted on a small hill so that groundwater does not come into contact with the roots.

Preparatory stage

One- or two-year-old plants are best suited for planting. This age is the most favorable, because the trees are still very young and can easily adapt to transplantation. During this time, they have already managed to get stronger and get used to the climate.

Dry roots should be immediately removed using pruning shears and inspected for pests. If necessary, carry out treatment and place the root in water for 7-10 hours.

The soil should be prepared in advance. In the fall it needs to be dug up and fertilized with phosphorus and potassium. Then dig it up again and leave it until spring.

Planting stages

The hole for a dwarf cherry tree should be half the size of the seedling to protect it from the wind.

Landing sequence:

• drive a wooden peg into the center of the hole and tie a seedling to it;
• cover the top tightly with fertilized soil;
• make small depressions around the tree for watering;
• water with 1-2 buckets of water depending on the dryness of the soil.

Features of a garden in the Moscow region

The main problem of gardeners in the Moscow region is winter with winds and frosts. Therefore, trees can only be planted here with increased frost resistance and winter hardiness.

Attention! Frost resistance is the ability of a plant to withstand temperatures below -35°C. Winter hardiness is the ability of a plant to tolerate frosts, strong winds, icing and other climatic manifestations of winter.

For a cherry variety that will be planted in the Moscow region, it is very important to resist fungi such as moniliosis and coccomycosis. They are very common in this region, and the fight against them is carried out exclusively with pesticides.

The most common diseases

Violations of temperature and water regimes are the main causes of disease development in cherries. Most often, trees suffer from fungi and rot, so it is a good idea to learn about the symptoms of diseases and methods of combating them.

Important! For chemical treatment to be effective, apply it in the morning on dry foliage.

Coccomycosis

The causative agents of this disease (Coccomyces hiemalis) are activated in conditions of increased dampness and heat. It usually develops during periods of prolonged rains and temperatures at +20... +24°C.

Signs of pathogenic fungi are:

• round spots on red-brown foliage;
• scarlet coating on the back surface of the leaves;
• premature wilting and falling leaves;
• decreased fruiting (noticeable already in the first year of infection)

Affected trees bare their crown early and, due to their weakness, do not tolerate winter well. If no measures are taken, the disease will destroy the tree in a few years. To prevent this from happening, the gardener at the first signs of the disease must:

• spray the plant with a solution of Bordeaux mixture (iron sulfate or any systemic fungicide is suitable as an alternative);
• After 2 weeks, re-treat.

To prevent the development of a pathogenic fungal environment, it is advisable to treat the plant in the spring before the leaf buds bloom.

Clusterosporosis

The disease develops as a result of the active activity of harmful fungal spores and can affect mature and young shoots. The presence of clasterosporosis is indicated by:

• brown-gray spotting on leaves;
• drying of fruits on branches, their mummification;
• formation of a holey pattern on leaf plates;
• premature leaf fall

If signs of disease are detected, the affected areas of the tree must be immediately removed and disinfected with chemicals.
Please note that pathogens can overwinter in fallen leaves, cracks in the bark, and also in the soil. Therefore, not only the trunk and crown of cherries, but also the trunk circles are subject to processing. The following are effective in combating this type of fungus:

• copper sulfate;
• potent fungicides (“Skor”, “Horus”);
• Bordeaux mixture.

This disease requires urgent measures, but do not forget about the toxicity of the drugs used. If they had to be applied during the ripening of the crop, then it is advisable to do this 20 days before harvesting.

Moniliosis

The cause of the disease is the fungus Monilia cinerea, the spores of which infect flower buds, growing through them into the wood. The first signs of parasite activity are noticeable in the spring, but many inexperienced gardeners ignore them, perceiving them as the consequences of May frosts.

Symptoms of moniliosis are:

• large brown spots on leaves;
• dryness and mummification of fruits;
• a grayish coating on berries, the cuttings of which can last on the branches until the next harvest;
• dried branches on a tree.

The gardener's inactivity can lead to the death of the crop. Therefore, it is important to immediately remove affected areas from the cherries and burn them away from the orchard. In March, before the leaf buds open, it is important to generously spray the plant with a systemic fungicide (Skor, Hom, Fundazol, Topaz). The procedure will need to be repeated during the active flowering phase. All cherry trees should be disinfected; special attention should be paid to infected specimens.

Cherries grow in almost every yard in the middle climate zone. For residents of the Moscow region, this crop is also a favorite, but the success of its cultivation largely depends on the chosen variety. You now know what criteria to follow when purchasing seedlings, where to plant them and how to care for them.

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How to choose

Based on the fact that very cold winters are not uncommon in the Moscow region, you need to pay attention to the frost resistance of cherries. It is important that this concerns not only the tree, but also the buds. A serious factor when choosing is resistance to moniliosis and coccomycosis. In rainy weather, which is not uncommon in the Moscow region, insects cannot pollinate flowers, so it is better to choose self-fertile varieties and high-yielding varieties. It is best to grow low-growing trees in a small area. They take up little space and are easy to harvest.

Read how to treat cherry moniliosis in this material.

What are self-fertile and self-pollinating varieties?

In the description of cherry varieties there are the concepts self-fertile, partially self-fertile and self-sterile. In self-fertile varieties, approximately 40% of the flowers are fertilized. In partially self-fertile varieties this figure is not higher than 20%. Self-sterile cherry varieties in the absence of pollinators can produce no more than 5% of the ovary of the total number of flowers.

For fertilization, the flower needs stamen pollen to land on the stigma. Mechanically, pollen transfer can be carried out by insects, wind, with human participation, or without intermediaries in self-pollinating plants. In this case, pollination occurs within one flower or plant.

When self-pollinating, plants are at a disadvantage because virtually no genetic information changes. The main qualities for survival - variability and adaptability - are obtained through cross-pollination due to various combinations of parental genes. To protect plants from degeneration during evolution, special protection mechanisms have been developed. As a rule, in flowers the stamen filament is shorter and the stigma is located significantly higher than the anthers. In addition, pollen, even if it gets on the pistil, is not able to germinate on its own plant and cannot fertilize the ovary. Hence the definition of “self-sterile.”

Self-sterile varieties need the proximity of other varieties of cherries and even sweet cherries. At the same time, other trees of the same variety will also not be pollinators.

Self-fertile cherries differ in the structure of the flower: the anthers of the stamens are at the level of the stigma of the pistil or slightly rise above it.

The anthers of the stamens of self-fertile cherry varieties rise slightly above the stigma of the pistil

The advantage of self-fertile varieties is that you can limit yourself to one tree within the garden plot. Some independence from weather conditions and pollinating insects, as well as the small size of the trees, distinguish these varieties. Gardeners and experts note that with pollinating trees growing nearby, the yield of self-fertile varieties increases significantly. And it’s also worth paying attention to the taste. As a rule, self-fertile cherries have a pronounced sourness, and sometimes they can be consumed only after processing.

Renaissance

This variety has high immunity to various diseases and is quite resistant to cold snaps. It produces a harvest every year and consistently. Plants of this variety are medium-sized, reaching a height of up to 2.5-3 m. The cherries are large (2.5-3.5 g), quite tasty with a rich red shell. The inside of the fruit is juicy and very aromatic. Harvesting maturity occurs in the first ten days of July. The crop does not pollinate on its own. Nearby you can plant the Lyubskaya and Coral varieties, as well as Crystal.

They can be eaten fresh or canned. The variety is drought-resistant and does not require special care. Berries can be transported over long distances.

Criteria for selecting varieties for the Moscow region

According to gardeners, growing cherries in the Moscow region is associated with certain difficulties, so not all varieties of the crop are suitable for this region. In order to get a good harvest, a number of criteria must be taken into account.

Specifics of the climate of the region:

Disease susceptibility in this region:

Ripening time:

The presence of a sign of self-fertility.

Only self-fertile species are recommended, since the climate of the region is unstable (there may be no summer for bees).

Tree size and shape.

Bush and tree-like species, both tall and short, are suitable, but it is better to give preference to medium-sized and low-growing varieties.