Back in the late 1970s, immune varieties of apple trees were developed, which made life much easier for gardeners. Apple trees of immune varieties are not afraid of scab, powdery mildew, cytosporosis and rust. Immunity to these diseases is inherent in them “at the gene level.”
An orchard created from immune varieties of apple trees requires fewer chemical treatments. By choosing unpretentious varieties, you will save time and money, and your harvest will be more environmentally friendly.
But having selected even the most unpretentious and disease-resistant varieties of apple trees, do not forget to care for them. Do not overload with the harvest in the first years, do not leave fruits on the trees, water, feed, loosen the tree trunks.
- Feeding calendar for apple and pear trees from spring to autumn
Regular application of fertilizers is not only the key to a bountiful harvest, but also protection from many diseases. After all, a strong tree resists bacteria and pests more easily than a weakened and stunted one. To ensure your garden always makes you happy, do not skip basic feeding.
Imant
Imant was obtained by crossing the Antey and Liberty varieties. Winter variety, produces a harvest in the second half of September. From one tree you can get 25 kg of juicy sweet apples.
The tree is immune to scab and some other diseases. Another advantage is its frost resistance.
- TOP 9 most delicious winter apples (with photos)
Late apples, as they say, “come with a surprise” - they acquire optimal taste several weeks and even months after harvest.
APPLE TREE “GOLDEN AUTUMN”
Autumn variety
Fruiting is early and fairly regular throughout the years. At the age of 14, apple trees produce 150-160 kg of fruit, at the age of 18 - 200-250 kg. The fruits are highly marketable and their resistance to scab is average. The harvest is harvested at the end of August, the fruits ripen in the first ten days of September, and they are stored until the end of September. The autumn apple tree variety Golden Autumn has been zoned in the Tambov, Lipetsk, Oryol, and Belgorod regions and is undergoing extensive production testing in other regions of the Central Black Earth Zone.
Tree Golden Autumn apple trees stand out for their strong growth, powerful foliage, large dark green leaves with large stipules. The fruit bags are very large. Very large fruits of light cream color.
Golden Autumn apple trees are vigorous, at the age of 18 years their height reaches 5.2 m, crown diameter - 6.2 m. The crown shape of the apple tree is round-oval or oval at a young age, during the period of full fruiting it is stack-shaped. The crown density is average and has powerful foliage. The skeletal branches are thick, extending at a rather acute angle, but their attachment to the trunk is strong, the bark of the skeletal branches is greenish-brown. Branching is average. Strong growth shoots develop from the top two or three buds of the annual growth; subsequent buds produce shortened shoots or rosettes of leaves. Two or three buds remain dormant at the base of the shoot. There are many semi-skeletal branches in the crown. Overgrown perennial branches such as twigs, ringlets, and complex fruits evenly cover the skeletal branches to the base. Fruiting is mixed, fruits are formed on twigs, ringlets and partly at the ends of annual growths, which ensures annual fruiting for up to 20 years. Later it becomes clearly periodic. In a harvest year, one or two strong growth shoots develop on the fruit bags; in years of a strong harvest, two shortened shoots and, less often, rosettes of leaves. The shoots are of medium thickness, the bark is dark brown, the pubescence is weak, the growth pattern is raised. The leaves are large, dark green in color, broadly oval in shape, the relief of the blade is wrinkled, the base of the leaf blade is flat. The tip of the apex is clearly defined, the serration of the leaf edge is large, single- or double-toothed. The downward curvature of the plate is strong, the edges are slightly wavy, slightly raised, and the folding is weak. The plane of location of the leaf blade with the shoot axis forms an obtuse angle. The pubescence of the underside of the leaf is medium, the upper side is matte. The petiole is short, thick or of medium thickness, slightly pubescent, colored on the underside. The stipules are very large.
Two-year-old seedlings are distinguished by their exceptionally strong growth and powerful development. Their stem is straight, slightly geniculate, thick with a slight slope, its diameter at the base is 1.9-2 cm, under the crown 1.6-1.7 cm. The bark is tobacco-colored. Lentils are sparse, small, round, convex, pink. The shoot-forming ability of the Golden Autumn variety is average. The side shoots are long, thick, straight. The bark is light, like on a trunk. There are few lentils, they are small. Axillary buds are medium. The angle of departure of the shoots is large, acute, less often straight. The crown is spreading.
Fruits The fruits are mostly large in size, the average weight of the fruit is about 200 g, the maximum weight reaches 310 g. The shape of the fruit is rounded-elongated, less often round, regular, and of the same type. The surface of the fruit is slightly bluntly ribbed, the ribbing is more pronounced on the side of the calyx, but there are fruits with an almost smooth surface and occasionally with large ribs, weakly lobed, with weakly expressed constrictions. The color of the fruit is attractive, without blush, light cream, greenish-yellow when picked. There is a slight tan on the illuminated side. The skin is thin, tender, smooth, with a slight waxy coating. Subcutaneous points are few, barely noticeable, small, light green, there are very few of them at the base of the fruit, they become denser towards the top. The peduncle is long, rather thick, with a significant thickening at the point of attachment to the fruit sac, pubescent. It comes out of a rather deep, not very wide funnel. Sometimes the recess is slightly rusty, the walls are coarsely ribbed. Some fruits have swellings at the base of the stalk. The calyx is closed, of medium size, located in a narrow, medium-depth saucer with steep, strongly folded or strongly grooved walls. The pulp is white, the skin is slightly greenish, coarse-grained, quite dense, very juicy, slightly spicy, refreshing, pleasant sour-sweet taste, table quality. The subcalyx tube is wide and rather deep, elongated-conical in shape, and does not communicate with the seed socket. The seed nest is large or medium in size, broadly bulbous in shape, covering up to half of the subcalyx tube, strongly outlined by vascular bundles. Seed chambers are open or semi-open.
Disease resistance / Winter hardiness The variety has good winter hardiness, but poor resistance to scab.
Elena
Another variety of Belarusian selection. The Elena variety is an early summer ripening variety. You can enjoy the sweet taste of these apples even a week earlier than with White filling. The variety is productive, has high early fruiting, and is frost-resistant.
It is necessary to thin out the ovaries annually so as not to overload the trees.
- 10 most popular summer apple varieties
Which apple varieties begin to ripen the earliest? We have prepared for you a selection of the most popular summer varieties.
Correct fit
Compliance with planting rules is the key to good tree growth and fruiting. There are several important requirements:
- The planting location is chosen to be sunny, with a low groundwater level.
- The soil must be fertile, with a normal level of acidity.
- The seedling can be one or two years old, zoned.
- The pit for planting is prepared in advance.
Deadlines
The seedling is planted in the spring, before the sap begins to flow, and in the fall, after leaf fall, but before the onset of frost.
There are no exact rules for when to plant; the gardener needs to focus on the climatic characteristics of the region.
Distance
For good nutrition, the root system of a tree needs enough space. Leave 5 meters between plants, and 6 meters in rows. For single plantings on a site, the distance to buildings and fences is also taken into account.
Technology
Before planting, the roots of the seedling are soaked for 5-6 hours in a solution of a growth stimulator. The procedure is carried out as follows:
- The hole is dug a month before planting.
- Size for the tree is 80x100 cm.
- A mixture of fertile top layer, humus, and superphosphate is poured onto the bottom.
- They make a mound, drive a stake, plant a seedling and straighten the roots.
- Sprinkle with soil and compact.
- Water with 2-3 buckets of water.
- Make a hole for watering around the trunk and mulch.
- Make sure that the root collar remains 3-5 cm above the soil surface.
Apple tree planting diagram with explanations.
Agricultural technology
Compliance with tree care measures will ensure a good harvest and taste of the fruit. Golden Autumn is an unpretentious variety, so the rules are not at all complicated.
Watering and fertilizing
In the first year after planting, a young tree especially needs watering; it is watered once every 7-10 days. Irrigation is adjusted taking into account precipitation.
An adult plant is watered 3-4 times a year. The schedule is standard; moisture is usually added once per season. The crop needs 60-70 liters of water, applied to the tree trunk.
Fertilizing begins in the second year, since in the first year the fertilizers applied during planting are sufficient. The schedule is like this:
- In spring, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are applied;
- after flowering and fruit set, potassium-phosphorus fertilizers are applied;
- in late autumn, humus is added during digging.
Pruning and crown formation
After planting, the seedling is pruned, all branches are shortened by 1-2 buds. Then formation is carried out annually to create a sparsely layered crown.
During the fruiting period, the crown of the apple tree becomes stacked and needs thinning . In the spring, sanitary pruning is carried out annually; branches growing deep into the crown, dry, cracked, affected by diseases, are cut into rings.
To improve fruiting, rejuvenating pruning is carried out . It should be started gradually and no more than ¼ of the total volume of shoots should be removed.
Scheme for spring pruning of an apple tree.
Protection from diseases and pests
The apple tree has weak resistance to scab, so spring preventative treatments will help increase the fruit crop's resistance to scab and other fungal diseases.
Inspection of the plant and timely treatment is a reliable way to get rid of pests.
Autumn varieties
Columnar
- Vasyugan;
- Ostankino;
- Gin;
- Titania;
- The president.
The president.
Dwarf
- Zhigulevskoe;
- Autumn striped;
- Down to earth;
- Lingonberry;
- Carpet.
How to choose?
Before purchasing seedlings for your garden, you need to carefully consider the issue of studying varieties. Apple trees must meet all parameters for the region. Here's what you should pay attention to when choosing the best varieties for central Russia:
Resistance of the variety to winter cold . The tree must withstand severe winter frosts and spring frosts, and withstand sharp autumn temperature drops characteristic of central Russia.- Fruiting . The first harvest from early ripening varieties of apple trees can be taken in the 2nd – 4th year; from mid-term to the 5th – 8th year; from late-fertilized - on the 9th - 10th - 12th year.
- Productivity . It is better to choose varieties of apple trees that will bear fruit every year.
- Apple ripening period . Varieties are divided into three periods: early, middle and late.
- Keeping quality of apples . The best winter apple varieties can retain all their qualities until the end of spring. For autumn varieties, 1-2 months are considered good shelf life.
- Immunity to disease . Trees with high resistance to diseases and pests will require fewer treatments. This will save time and budget for further care.
- Crown shape . Depending on the area of the garden, you can choose a variety of apple trees with a small or medium, compact crown habit.
- Taste qualities of fruits : sweet, sour, juicy, with dense or loose pulp.
Harvest and storage
The period of fruit formation begins 4-5 years after planting the seedlings. Fruiting is regular, annual and very abundant.
Harvesting of the finished crop begins in September. Ripe apples tend to fall from the branches, so you should collect them as quickly as possible, without prolonging this process for a long time.
It is better to store in a dry and cool place (refrigerator, cellar). Fruits in such conditions do not lose their taste for two months.
Apples are great for canning (preparing juices, compotes, preserves, jams and other products), as well as for fresh consumption.
Characteristics of the apple tree “Autumn Joy of Altai”
Autumn joy
Autumn joy can truly make any gardener happy with its ease of care and the quality of its fruits. You can safely plant this crop on your home plot and be sure that it will not let you down.
Many speak positively about the variety. They note its unpretentiousness and resistance to harsh weather conditions. Also, some people simply like the appearance of golden and delicious apples.
