Obtaining high yields is impossible without measures aimed at preventing and controlling pests and diseases. To do this, you need to know what they are, when and how they reproduce, what parts of the plant they affect, and factors that contribute to their spread. Pear diseases and pests are usually closely related to one or another phase of tree development. Protective measures should be tied to them, and not based on the calendar.
Why the leaves on the pear turned pale green and yellow - reasons and solution
Last spring, around the month of May, the leaves on one of my pear trees began to turn pale or even light green, and then yellow. A quick search showed that I’m not the only one facing this problem, so today we’ll talk about why pear leaves turn yellow and what to do to correct the situation.
There are three reasons in total - chlorosis, waterlogging of the soil and viral infections.
Chlorosis is a non-infectious cause of yellow pear leaves
Chlorosis is caused by a lack of micro- and macroelements in the soil, and often appears in the spring. Those. the leaves turn yellow not because of a disease in the general sense of the word, but because of a lack of one of the following elements:
The main signs of chlorosis are yellowing of the leaves (due to the destruction of chlorophyll, which gives the leaf its green color). In this case, the symptoms may vary, depending on what specific element the plant lacks, and on the basis of this, a decision can be made on control measures.
In this case, it happens that the factors listed above affect the tree at the same time, which makes it difficult to find the root cause of the problem.
Iron deficiency
Iron chlorosis is often observed in alkaline soils (pH 8 or higher). Under these conditions, salts containing iron are practically absent. And even if they are, it is difficult for the compounds to get into the pear root system.
The main sign of pathology is the yellowing of the apical, younger leaves first. If no measures are taken, the disease will eventually affect the rest of the foliage.
To prevent and treat the disease, it is recommended to treat the tree leaf by leaf with a solution of iron sulfate (0.5-0.7%) or iron citrate (1%). The number of sprayings is 2-3 times per season with an interval of 1-1.5 months.
Important! Iron deficiency is always observed on calcareous soils. This is a widespread phenomenon in the Volga region and Crimea. In other countries, the problem is often observed in Armenia, Georgia, Ukraine and Moldova.
In the case of nitrogen chlorosis, pear leaves turn yellow and white, with foliage on the lower branches being affected first and then spreading further upward.
Due to a lack of nitrogen, trees noticeably lag behind in development, produce fewer flowers and fruits - the pears become smaller, and their taste deteriorates. For prevention and treatment, it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers:
Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in the first half of the season - early spring, before and during flowering. At the end of summer, nitrogen is no longer given, but foliar treatment with a 5% urea solution can be carried out.
Sulfur chlorosis can be identified by the loss of color on the veins of the leaves, after which the rest of the leaf blade also becomes pale green. This phenomenon is often observed on sandy soils with a light, loose structure.
To overcome the consequences of sulfur deficiency, the following is carried out:
Manganese
In case of chlorosis, due to a lack of manganese, the pear leaf acquires a variegated color and is covered with peculiar patterns. In this case, the veins and tissues next to them remain green for a long time, and light yellow spots appear in other places.
To treat the disease, it is recommended to carry out 2-3 foliar treatments per season using a solution of manganese sulfate. It is also useful for the treatment of sulfur chlorosis.
Magnesium
It is magnesium that is part of the reaction center of the chlorophyll molecule. Therefore, a deficiency of this element leads to total destruction of cells, which is noticeable by the appearance of pale spots and the characteristic bordering of leaves.
For treatment and prevention, 2-3 foliar treatments with magnesium sulfate are carried out. The same feeding will help eliminate the deficiency of sulfur - another vital element for pears.
Damage to the cortex (black cancer)
The causative agent of the disease is the microorganism “Pseudomonas syringa”. Its presence is determined by the following signs:
- brown spots on the bark and buds in early spring;
- young stems darken;
- black plaques on foliage;
- dry cracks on the edges of the plates.
Over time, so-called wet wounds appear on the trunk, in which many microorganisms live. They infect the wood in a circle, which leads to active rotting. If the process is not stopped, the pear will die.
Gardeners call this infection “Antonov fire” or “Black cancer”.
Effective treatment of a bacterial infection includes a number of measures:
- removal of affected shoots and bark;
- disinfection of the resulting cuts with oil paint;
- spraying the crop with copper sulfate (300 g of substance per 10 liters of water).
To achieve success in the fight against black cancer, infected areas of the bark are thoroughly cleaned. In this case, healthy trunk tissues are also captured. The prepared area is covered with a special solution. If there is no copper sulfate on the farm, it is replaced with a mixture of clay and mullein. The putty is prepared at a ratio of 1:1. Use in early spring or late autumn at a maximum temperature of 13°C. Wrap the treated area with a bandage or a clean rag.
Fallen leaves and affected fruits are regularly raked out of the garden plot. After all, bacteria are active for 4 years. During this period, the infection can kill the adult crop.
To prevent this pear disease, the following work is performed:
- trees are planted at a sufficient distance;
- when planting seedlings, the root collar should not be lowered deep into the soil;
- choose cancer-resistant varieties;
- regularly carry out sanitary pruning of trees;
- in autumn and spring, the branches of the crop are sprayed with Bordeaux mixture, iron or copper sulfate;
- trunks are whitened every season;
- fertilize periodically;
- watered correctly.
The most resistant varieties of pears to black cancer are “Augustovskaya Rosa”, “Kudesnitsa”, “Dukhmyanaya”, “Severyanka”.
In an advanced state, the disease affects not only the trunk, but also fruits, foliage and even flowers.
Lack of oxygen for the root system
The so-called root layer of soil is of primary importance for the plant. For a pear, depending on the variety, the average root depth is 20-160 cm. In this case, skeletal roots penetrate to a depth of 5 - 5.5 meters.
If the root layer experiences constant excess moisture, this leads to the following negative consequences:
As a result, oxygen reserves decrease and the pear roots can no longer obtain them from the soil. Overwatering can occur for various reasons:
To avoid this problem, when planting a pear you need to:
Preventive treatment of pears against pests and diseases in spring and autumn
Good prevention of diseases and pests is regular spraying of trees. They are carried out in early spring or late autumn, when the plants are in the dormant stage. They use both natural products and ready-made chemical compounds.
Options for spraying pears in spring and autumn:
- iodine solution: 2 drops per 2 liters of water;
- wood ash infusion: 200 g per 10 liters of water or dry dusting;
- Bordeaux mixture;
- copper sulfate solution at a concentration of 1%;
- copper-based preparations: Horus, Abiga-Pik, Skor;
- Nitrafen solution in a concentration of no more than 1%;
- colloidal sulfur in the amount of 40 g per 5 liters of water.
The treatment is carried out on a dry, cloudy day. Trees are sprayed with a working solution. Be sure to follow safety rules. Do not allow the product to come into contact with the skin and mucous membranes. Pets and children are temporarily removed from the spraying site.
Following agricultural practices will help protect the pear from diseases and pests. With proper planting and care, favorable conditions for insects and infection are not created. In the spring, the pear is pruned to avoid thickening, and the trunk is whitewashed. During the season, watering and nitrogen fertilizing are rationed. In the fall, the soil is dug up, cleaned, and wounds and cracks in the bark are treated.
Viral diseases
Viruses can also cause yellowing of pear leaves - they are transmitted from one affected tree to another (for example, with grafting) and spread quickly.
Treatment in this case is usually impossible - the affected tree is uprooted and burned to prevent infection of neighboring seedlings in the garden.
Mosaic
The main signs of mosaicism are the appearance of light yellow, pale spots on pear leaves. Over time, they blur and disappear, as a result of which the entire leaf blade acquires a similar color and dies.
Chlorotic ringspot
The pathology often affects pear and apple trees, and signs can be detected as early as April-May. The main symptom is that the first leaves (at the age of 3-5 days) have spots on the surface without clear contours (vague). Subsequently, the spots transform into clearer “patterns”: rings, arcs of light green, yellowish color, as well as linear patterns. By the end of spring, the affected leaves die.
Important! In July and August, normal leaves may appear on this pear - the disease is masked, making it impossible to detect it at this stage.
From the above, the following conclusions can be drawn:
That's all I have for today. As always, I will be glad to see your comments and questions.
Source
Bacterial diseases of pear and control methods
These diseases are caused by harmful bacteria. They spread along with tools, contaminated soil, through insects and birds. Bacterial diseases develop quickly and affect all plant organs.
Bacterial cancer (necrosis)
The disease is spread by bacteria. In spring, pear buds and shoots turn black and wither. Swellings resembling blisters are diagnosed on the trunk. The wood rots and a strong, unpleasant odor appears. In severe cases, the culture dies. The spread of necrosis is facilitated by cracks in the bark, severe frosts, and drought.
Treatment for pear bark cancer begins with pruning the affected shoots. The wounds are cleaned, disinfected with iron sulfate and garden varnish is applied. Treatment with preparations containing copper gives good results.
Bacterial burn
Signs of the disease appear during the flowering period. Flowers and shoot tips of infected trees wither. However, they do not fall off, but remain on the pear. From the outside it seems that the plant has a burnt appearance. Gradually the shoots swell and a reddish liquid flows out of them.
Fitolavin is used to treat the disease. The drug prevents the growth of bacteria and strengthens plant immunity. It is used at different stages of crop development: before and after flowering, during the formation and filling of fruits.
Bacteriosis
If the leaves of a pear turn brown, this indicates the initial stage of bacteriosis. A dark border appears along the edges of the leaf plate, which gradually grows. The shoots turn black, stop developing and dry out. The disease affects the table, where the bark cracks and peels off.
To treat bacteriosis, all affected branches are removed, including 2 cm of healthy tissue. The sections are disinfected with a solution of copper or iron sulfate. To prevent the disease from appearing, the pear is sprayed with Bordeaux mixture.
Attention! Bacteriosis is most dangerous for seedlings. If the pear has begun to bear fruit, then the risk of infection is minimal.
Root cancer
With root canker, the lesion covers the underground part of the trunk. Numerous growths appear on the lateral roots and neck. They develop through mechanical damage. The formations have a whitish tint, gradually becoming brown and more dense. As a result, the pear does not bloom in the spring and does not form new shoots. In this case, the tree is dug up and burned.
Pear leaves as an indicator of disease: learning to identify and treat ailments
Pear leaves quite often change color, curl, and also wither or dry out as a result of illness or errors in care. However, competent treatment of a garden crop should always begin with the correct identification of the damaging factor or the root cause of such pathological changes.
Why do leaves change color?
Novice amateur gardeners are often concerned about why pear foliage turns yellow or the leaves on the plant have become pale or orange, or have turned red or darkened. If in the autumn the redness and yellowing of foliage is a natural process caused by a sharp decrease in temperature, then not all domestic gardeners know why the leaves on pear trees turn yellow and red in the spring and summer.
The opinion of experts on this issue is unanimous, and assumes the impact on garden culture of several main, most common reasons:
As practice shows, most often there is an insufficient amount of not one, but several nutrients in the soil at once, so all the signs of deficiency can be combined. At the first manifestations, it is necessary to balance the plant's nutrition , as well as check the height of the groundwater and, if necessary, transplant to the most suitable area with high-quality drainage. In addition, any changes in the color of foliage can also be caused by a disease of a garden crop resulting from damage by pathogenic microflora.
Pear diseases: rust (video)
Why do leaves change shape?
The leaves on pear trees curl and curl when the fruit plant is damaged by diseases or sucking-gnawing plant parasites. At the same time, quite often quite small and red spots are observed on the foliage, uncharacteristic of a healthy plant.
If the leaves on the plant are curled, then it is necessary to carefully examine the fruit plantings to identify the damaging factor, which can be fungal, viral and bacterial infections, as well as insect pests. The further treatment regimen and the choice of drugs for treatment will depend on how correctly the cause of the change in leaf shape is determined.
Pear diseases and treatment
As a rule, all viral and fungal infections are capable of infecting plants belonging to the same group of garden crops, so they easily multiply and are transferred between trees. Identification of a damaging factor on one tree should be the reason for preventive treatment of all pome and stone fruit horticultural crops.
| Damage factor | Signs of defeat | Therapeutic measures |
| Fungal disease scab | The appearance of spots with a brown coating, drying out and premature falling of leaves | Early spring treatment with “Horus”, diluted at the rate of an ampoule per bucket of water or “Oxyx”, diluted at the rate of a couple of tablets per bucket of water |
| Fungal disease powdery mildew | Formation of dirty white powdery coating and small black dots, yellowing and drying of leaves, stunting of shoots, absence of ovaries | In the spring, spray a green cone with “Topaz”, diluted at the rate of an ampoule per bucket of water |
| Sooty fungus | Starting from the second half of summer, a black coating appears on the foliage, which resembles stove soot | Treatment with the insecticide “Calypso” and the gentle fungicide “Fitoverm” can suppress the growth and reproduction of fungal infections. |
| Rust of pome crops | Characteristic light, almost yellow spots appear on the foliage, which over time acquire a pronounced dark orange color. | Treatment of wood and soil in the tree trunk circle with a solution of “Urea” diluted at the rate of 0.6-0.7 kg per bucket of water or systemic fungicide “Bayleton” |
| Bacterial burn | The foliage curls and quickly turns black, but does not fall off, after which the shoots and bark die off | Repeated treatment of fruit plants at all stages of the growing season with Bordeaux mixture |
| White spot | The appearance on the leaves of numerous grayish spots with a dark brown border in late May or early June | Spraying a tree at the green cone stage or at the bud stage with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture |
| Mosaic ringing of pear | Pale green or whitish rings or curved stripes appear on the foliage | Quarantine measures should be observed and prevention of crop damage by disease-carrying pests should be carried out. |
Pear pests and methods of control
Regular inspections of fruit trees help minimize the risk of pear damage by pests and contribute to earlier identification of the damaging factor . In this way, it is possible to begin the fight against plant parasites as early as possible, which increases the effectiveness of the treatment measures.
| Damage factor | Signs of defeat | Therapeutic measures |
| Pear gall mite | The foliage turns light brown and then turns black, dries out and falls off. | Spraying with a solution of colloidal sulfur diluted in a ratio of 100 g per bucket of water or “Tedion” at the stage of bud break |
| Pear itch | The leaves curl, dry out and fall off | |
| Pear gall midge | The foliage becomes brittle, turns yellow and curls upward at the edges. | In the spring, treatment with drugs such as Antio, Gardona, Dursban, Zolo or a solution based on Karbofos, Metathion, Metaphos, Nexion, Phosfamide or Chlorophos |
| Pear tube gun | Pear leaves curl, dry out and fall off prematurely | |
| Aphid | Damaged leaves and the apical part of the shoots curl and then dry out | After bud break, treatment is carried out with “Antio”, “Decis”, “Karbofos”, “Metafos”, “Vofatox”, the drug “Trichlorol” or “Cyanox” |
| Pear sucker | Causes very characteristic shredding of fruit tree foliage | Early spring treatment of the tree crown with "Oleocuprite", "Nitrafen" or "Karbofos", diluted at the standard rate of 90 g per bucket of water, or "Kemifos", diluted at the rate of 10 ml per bucket of water |
Preventive actions
Pests and diseases are constant companions of any garden plantings. Both beginners and experienced gardeners are not immune from their occurrence, so the entire scope of preventive measures plays a primary role in the protection of fruit crops.
Diseases of pear trees can cause many problems for amateur gardeners, and very often cause partial or complete loss of harvest, and in some cases, the death of fruit trees. Carrying out correct and timely treatment and a full range of preventive measures help protect the fruit plant, as well as restore fruiting in the shortest possible time.
Pears: treatment methods (video)
During the growing season, any fruit trees are strictly prohibited from being treated with pesticides. This rule is due to the risk of damage to flowers by burns and death of pollinating insects. For these reasons, it is very important to inspect all fruit plantings in advance for the timely detection of harmful insects and diseases, in order to have time to properly plan treatment methods and effectively combat any damaging factors.
Pear pests
Insects feed on pear leaves and fruits. As a result, the tree loses its strength, the foliage becomes deformed, and the yield decreases. Chemicals are used against pests, and folk remedies are used when fruits ripen.
Aphid
Aphid colonies live on the tops of shoots. The size of these insects does not exceed 5 - 7 mm. They feed on plant sap, which negatively affects the growth and fruiting of pears. The pest is identified by curled leaves.
To treat pears, insecticides Iskra or Inta-Ts-M are used. The shoots are sprayed with the working solution every 7 - 10 days. The biological preparation Fitoverm, which does not penetrate into the tissues of leaves and fruits, is considered safer. Be sure to remove root shoots and weeds in which aphids find refuge.
codling moth
The pear moth causes serious damage to the crop. Early varieties are most susceptible to it. Codling moth caterpillars penetrate the pulp of the fruit and gradually destroy the seeds. As a result, yield losses reach 90%.
To treat a tree against codling moth, use the preparations Parus or Fitoverm. Treatments are carried out during the pear growing season. It is best to spray the tree in advance, before the buds open, to destroy the pest larvae.
hawthorn
Hawthorn is a representative of butterflies with white wings. For the pear, its larvae are dangerous. They completely eat young buds and leaves. The pest is most active in cold and wet weather.
To treat pears, the chemicals chosen are Alatar or Samurai Super. In addition, the biological agent Bitoxibacillin is used. The culture is sprayed every 7 days. Treatments are stopped for the period of flowering and fruit ripening. Up to 5 liters of working solution are used for each plant.
Sawfly
Sawflies are small insects 4–8 mm long. Their body consists of segments: head, abdomen, legs and wings. The color of the pest is varied, usually dark or bright. It spreads in conditions of high humidity. The sawfly larva penetrates the ovaries and fruits of the pear. The degree of crop damage reaches 80%.
Affected ovaries are torn off and destroyed. The crown is sprayed with Fufanon or Iskra. Treatments are carried out a week before flowering and after it ends.
Pear tube gun
The tubeworm is an insect 5 to 10 mm long with green, blue or copper wings. Adults overwinter in the ground, under fallen leaves. In spring, pests move to trees and shrubs. The pipeworm eats pear leaves and buds. For treatment, the drug Clonrin is used, which paralyzes the activity of pests.
Attention! This pest of pears is collected by hand and destroyed. To do this, the tree is shaken in early spring, before a new generation of pipe worm appears.
Gall mite
The pest is about 0.2 mm long and has a triangular shield. The gall mite damages the buds and leaves, on which swellings appear - galls. Gradually the leaf plate dries out and falls off. Crop losses reach 95%. The drugs Fufanon, Iskra, Fitoverm help get rid of gall mites. Folk remedies include chamomile infusion, citrus peels, and dusting with tobacco dust.
Why do pear leaves have pale color?
| It was added: 27.04.2010 22:04 | #53 | It was added: 01.05.2010 11:39 | #58 | It was added: 02.05.2010 01:17 | #79 | It was added: 02.05.2010 16:02 | #123 | It was added: 03.05.2010 00:10 | #144 | It was added: 03.05.2010 11:11 | #146 | It was added: 03.05.2010 11:14 | #147 | It was added: 03.05.2010 11:19 | #148 How can you control pests? In the spring, all wounds on the trees are healed by treating them with 3% copper sulfate and covering them with garden pitch. Tree crowns are thinned out. Remove all diseased and dried branches. All old and diseased branches of bushes are cut out at ground level. Remove all mummified fruits and berries. Root feeding is carried out. Using a magnifying glass, they observe the population of clutches of eggs and cocoons. Source |
Chlorosis
Pale, almost white leaves with bright veins, yellowing at the edge or along the entire leaf blade, spotting - all this is the many-sided chlorosis - not too dangerous, but a very common disease that almost every gardener faces.
The name of the disease (Latin chlorosis) comes from the word “chlorophyll” - a plant component involved in photosynthesis. If a plant becomes ill with chlorosis, the formation of chlorophyll and the process of photosynthesis slow down.
By noticing the problem in time and taking the necessary measures, any home or garden plant can be successfully treated and saved. Let's find out in more detail what the causes and signs of chlorosis are, as well as effective remedies against it.
Causes of chlorosis
It is impossible to say for sure why plants develop chlorosis. There are many reasons, and their nature is different. This can be an infection caused by microorganisms, viruses or fungal spores, carried by insect pests. This may also be due to improper care of the plant: poor drainage, damage to the roots, incorrect soil composition. There is even hereditary chlorosis, thanks to which new variegated plant varieties appear. But the most important and common cause of chlorosis is a lack of iron, magnesium, lime, zinc, sulfur and other minerals. It is the lack of microelements that is most often implied when it comes to chlorosis. In general, chlorosis is divided into infectious (viral) and non-infectious.
Preventive actions
Pests and diseases are constant companions of any garden plantings. Both beginners and experienced gardeners are not immune from their occurrence, so the entire scope of preventive measures plays a primary role in the protection of fruit crops.
Diseases of pear trees can cause many problems for amateur gardeners, and very often cause partial or complete loss of harvest, and in some cases, the death of fruit trees. Carrying out correct and timely treatment and a full range of preventive measures help protect the fruit plant, as well as restore fruiting in the shortest possible time.
