Description of culture
When describing the Bryanochka cherry variety, you need to indicate the following - the tree grows intensively, reaches a height of 3 meters. The crown is quite sparse, pyramidal. The branches are straight, the bark is smooth, brown in color.
Bryanochka's leaf blades are elliptical in shape and pointed. The flowers are collected in a bouquet of three, white, the petals do not touch.
The berries are heart-shaped, slightly flattened on top. Quite large, weighing up to 6 g. The skin and flesh are dark red. The taste is sweet, the maximum tasting score is 5.
Cultivation is recommended in all regions of Russia, except the most northern ones.
Main pros and cons
Bryanochka fruit trees are capable of bearing fruit in regions with the most unfavorable climate and low temperatures for other plants.
Advantages of the variety:
- Resistant to sudden temperature changes, frost resistance.
- High immunity to diseases and pests.
- Late fruiting.
- High taste qualities.
- Small size of trees.
- High yield.
- Possibility of long-distance transportation.
Flaws:
- The beginning of fruiting occurs in the 5th year of tree growth.
- The variety is not capable of self-pollination, so it needs pollinators.
Important! The Bryanochka cherry is suitable for planting in the southern regions of the country.
Characteristics
It is worth considering the main characteristics of the Bryanochka cherry variety.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
Cherries require moisture in the soil. To obtain juicy fruits, trees are watered. In dry weather this is done monthly.
The frost resistance of the Bryanochka cherry is high both for the tree itself and for the flower buds.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening time
Cherries are mostly self-fertile plants; they need a pollinator to bear fruit. The best pollinators for the Bryanochka cherry are the Veda, Iput, and Tyutchevka cherry varieties.
Attention! The tree blooms late - at the end of May, the fruits are also late, they ripen only by the end of July.
Productivity, fruiting
After planting the seedlings, the tree bears fruit within 5 years. The harvest from each tree is on average 15-20 kg. It increases every year until the tree begins to age. This comes in 20-25 years.
Area of application of berries
The best use of berries is fresh. For winter consumption, jams, preserves, pie fillings, marmalade and jellies are prepared. Liqueurs and tinctures are delicious.
Resistance to diseases and pests
The cherry variety Bryanochka is slightly susceptible to coccomycosis and klyasterosporiosis. It produces good harvests even in the coldest regions of the country.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of the Bryanochka cherry variety are as follows:
- High-yielding variety.
- Fruits every year.
- Frost-resistant.
- Excellent berry taste.
The disadvantage, as with all types of this crop, is that the Bryanochka cherry is self-sterile; it is necessary to plant a certain variety of pollinator nearby.
Photo and description of the Bryanochka cherry variety
The Bryanochka cherry variety, which appeared relatively recently, has become a favorite for many gardeners, both beginners and experienced agricultural technicians. Bryanochka is a universal cherry; this variety is perfect for making compotes, preserves, jams, confitures and juices. The berries are subjected to shock freezing and consumed fresh - the juicy sweet fruits have excellent taste.
Attention! The Bryanochka cherry is considered a picky variety, in comparison with other representatives of the cherry species, which are more demanding on temperature and climate.
The author of Bryanochka is M.V. Kanishina, a famous Russian agronomist, who developed this variety in 2006, and since then many gardeners have been able to successfully grow this wonderful cherry in their orchards.
Mature tree height
Cherry variety Bryanochka is a medium-sized fruit tree. An adult plant rarely grows more than 4 meters. The first full fruiting occurs in the fourth or fifth year of life. All depend on the quality of care and climatic conditions. Bryanochka is a late-ripening cherry; the berries will gain strength only by August.
The elongated oval crown is not thickened, the branches are moderately spreading, there is little foliage, thanks to which the berries have the opportunity to receive the maximum amount of sunlight when ripe. The leaf of the Bryanochka cherry variety is large, oval, highly pointed, jagged, and has a rich green tint.
Flowering and ripening period
In spring, Bryanochka is covered with many inflorescences, each with three stalks. The flowers are snow-white, consisting of five delicate petals spaced from each other; pistils and anthers are located at the same level. The fruiting of cherries directly depends on the pollinators growing nearby.
Advice! For simultaneous formation of ovaries, fruit trees should be planted in one year.
Ripe berries have a rich red color. The weight of the fruit is 4–7 grams and directly depends on the amount of sunlight received by the berries during the ripening period. Cherries have a wide heart-shaped shape, pointed at the tip, flattened at the base. The pulp is pleasantly sweet, dense and juicy. The small stone is easily separated from the edible part of the fruit.
The tasting indicators of Bryanochka are highly rated - 4.7 units. The sugar content is high - up to 12%, and ascorbic acid - almost 16 milligrams.
Productivity
The absence of frosts and diseases during the spring-summer flowering period will allow you to collect from 20 to 40 kilograms of harvest from one mature Bryanochka tree. On an agrotechnical scale, the fruiting of this variety of cherries is considered average, and varies from 90 to 300 centners of berries per hectare.
Transportability
The Bryanochka variety of cherries are quite dense and have an even, rounded shape, which allows them to maintain a good presentation for a long time. During transportation, the berries do not wrinkle if no more than 7 kilograms of fresh fruit were poured into the container.
Drought resistance
Bryanochka is considered a drought-resistant variety and will not tolerate groundwater close to the soil surface. However, during the flowering and ripening period, abundant watering of the tree 5–7 times per season is especially important.
Frost resistance
The main feature and advantage of the Bryanochka variety is its high frost resistance. The tree can withstand cold winters down to -30° C, and suffer minimal losses compared to other varieties. However, cold temperatures down to -3° C during flowering can greatly spoil yield indicators.
Cherry propagation
There are several ways to propagate your favorite cherry variety in your garden.
- Reproduction by seeds. In this case, do not expect to get the exact variety of plant you planted. When propagated by seeds, hybrid varieties lose many of the qualities imparted to them.
- Reproduction by cuttings. This method of growing new trees makes it possible to obtain strong, viable seedlings.
- Cherry grafting. In most cases, this method is used to rejuvenate old trees that have stopped producing crops.
Important! When choosing any of the propagation methods, the climatic conditions of the region where the tree is planted are taken into account.
Landing Features
Growing Bryanochka cherries is no different from other types of cherries.
Recommended timing
Cherry Bryanochka is a late-ripening variety that can be planted in spring and autumn. Autumn planting is carried out in the southern regions 3 weeks before the onset of cold weather.
Still, spring is considered the best time for planting. They begin to plant bushes in April, when the soil has thawed and the buds on the seedlings have not yet awakened.
Choosing a suitable location
For cherries, gentle southern slopes or flat areas with no tall plantings and good lighting are suitable. It is important to exclude the presence of soil water, which has a bad effect on the roots of the plant. The presence of drafts and cold winds will be unpleasant.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries?
Apple and pear trees can be in the same garden as cherries, but at some distance. The powerful roots of these trees suppress cherries. It is necessary to exclude nearby plantings of linden, birch, as well as conifers - spruce and pine. Birch is completely inappropriate in the garden; it draws a lot of moisture from the soil.
Beds of tomatoes, peppers and potatoes located next to the cherry tree will attract harmful insects. Bushes such as blackberries, raspberries, and gooseberries should not be planted nearby. The best neighbors in the garden for cherries are cherries, plums, and honeysuckle.
Selection and preparation of planting material
The Bryanochka cherry seedling is chosen as two years old, with roots about 25 cm long. The seedlings must be healthy, without damage, the height of the bush is about a meter.
Before planting, the roots are dipped in water to enrich them with water. It is good to use a solution of “Kornevin” or “Fitosporin” for disinfection.
Landing algorithm
On prepared and fertilized soil, make holes measuring 70x70 cm and about half a meter deep. A mound of fertile soil is poured into them. The seedling is placed on it, straightening the roots and preventing them from intertwining. Pour some soil, water it, then more soil. They crush it and water it again - about a bucket under the bush. The planting site is mulched with grass or humus.
Plants are planted at a distance of 3 meters. It is advisable to plant several mutually pollinating varieties at the same time. The seedlings will grow and bloom at the same time, which will improve pollination of the Bryanochka cherry and ensure a good harvest of berries.
How to plant Bryanochka cherries
In mild, warm climates, young cherry seedlings of the Bryanochka variety are placed in a place of permanent growth in the fall so that the tree takes root before the soil freezes. Severe winters in the northern regions can destroy autumn seedlings, so spring is better for planting.
Important! In the spring, it is necessary to plant a seedling before its buds swell.
The optimal location for the Bryanochka cherry tree will be a gentle slope with loamy soil, where moisture does not stagnate and groundwater flows deep from the surface. It is recommended to plant the tree in southern areas with maximum illumination, because an abundance of sunlight is the key to an excellent harvest. More about the process is described in the video below.
How to choose a seedling
It is necessary to purchase planting material only from trusted, reliable sellers. When purchasing, you need to carefully examine all the cuttings offered and choose a strong one, with a powerful and healthy root system. It is recommended to find a trace of grafting as an indicator of the plant variety. It is also worth paying attention to:
- number of branches, there should be a lot of them;
- the presence of only one conductor, otherwise the tree may break in half during the fruiting period and die;
- the quality of the conductor, he must be large and healthy;
- the roots must be healthy and moist;
- the absence of leaves, if they are still present, must be removed.
When transporting a seedling, it is recommended to wrap the roots of the plant with a cloth soaked in water, and then wrap it in cellophane or polyethylene.
Planting dates and scheme
When planning to plant Bryanoska cherries in the fall, it is important to create comfortable conditions for them. The intended place of permanent growth is well dug up, the soil is fertilized with superphosphate (up to 200 grams per m2), compost (10 kilograms per m2), and potassium fertilizer (80 - 100 grams per m2).
Advice! At any gardening store you can purchase a special mixture for fertilizing cherries. You will need up to 200 grams per m2.
Every fruit tree, especially cherries, needs full light and space for comfortable growth. The planting pattern should be calculated so that there is a distance of at least five meters between trees. This is necessary for the proper development and formation of each planted plant.
Pit preparation
The hole, as for any other variety, is dug 15 days before planting, to a depth of at least 60 centimeters and a width of up to 80 centimeters. It is recommended to firmly dig a peg into the bottom, to which the seedling will be tied when planting. To fall asleep, mix the fertile soil well with the following components:
- compost (1 kg);
- superphosphate (200 g);
- ash (500 g);
- potassium sulfur (60 g).
Important! It is not advisable to use nitrogen fertilizers so as not to burn the delicate roots of the plant.
Subsequent care of the crop
Agrotechnical practices, carried out correctly, can increase crop yields. First of all, you need to water the cherries on time. They do this four times per season:
- Before the buds swell.
- During flowering.
- At the moment of formation of the ovary.
- In the fall for a successful winter.
Of course, everyone does this when the weather is dry. If the summer is rainy, they focus on the condition of the soil.
Fertilization begins from the third year of the tree’s existence. During the growing season and flowering, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are applied. When the fruits are formed and filled, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are required. Before wintering, you should also feed the cherries. To do this, use a complete complex fertilizer.
After watering, it is necessary to loosen the space around the trunk and mulch it with suitable materials.
Formative pruning of Bryanochka cherries is done for the first 4 years. When planting, the main shoot is shortened to 60 cm, and then a plant is formed into 3-4 tiers. Each tier should contain 4 skeletal branches. The height of the tree can be adjusted independently to a convenient size.
Important! We must not forget about sanitary pruning in the spring. By removing diseased and damaged branches, the gardener allows the cherry tree to develop freely and avoids unnecessary diseases.
Young plantings of Bryanochka cherries are covered for the first 2-3 years. They wrap the tree with spruce legs, burlap or lutrasil. Peat or sawdust is poured around the trunk. An adult tree does not need winter shelter; it tolerates frosts of 30 degrees.
Pruning and shaping cherries:
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
| Diseases of culture | Description | Methods of disposal |
| Hole spot | Brown spots appear on the leaves, then holes appear in their place. The shoots crack and gum flows from them | All affected wood elements are cut out and burned. Dig up the soil around the tree. Spray the tree and soil with copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture at 3% |
| Gray rot (moniliosis) | Brown spots appear on the leaves. The fruits are covered with a rotten coating. This occurs in wet weather | The branches are cut 10 cm below the damage level. The tree is sprayed with fungicides: “Azotsen”, “Topsin”, “Horus” |
| Coccomycosis | Formation of brown spots on the front side of the leaf. Gradually they merge and the leaves dry out. The leaves fall in the summer, exposing the tree | Rake and destroy fallen leaves. The tree is sprayed with copper or iron sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, and fungicides. This is done after 10-12 days |
| Pests | Description of the pest | Ways to destroy them |
| cherry fly | A small fly with yellow spots and striped wings. Lays larvae in green fruits. The larvae eat the pulp of the fruit, then, turning back into a fly, fly out | Treatment with Iskra-bio, Healthy Garden, Fitoverm products. This should be done during the period of full flowering before the petal fall phase. You can make traps from sticky tape |
| Cherry sawfly | The beetle lays eggs on the leaves and seals them. The larvae eat leaves down to bare skeletons. Then they go down and bury themselves in the ground | Digging the tree trunk circle in spring and autumn. Treatment of wood with preparations “Karbofos”, “Aktara”, “Karate”, “Confidor”. Apply infusion of chamomile or ash |
| Cherry weevil | Green-red beetle with proboscis. Makes holes in fruits and ovaries, destroying them. Overwinters in the soil under a tree | Digging the soil in the fall, hunting belts, treating with insecticides |
| Black aphid | Small black bugs, curling leaves, a large number of ants on the tree | Spraying the lower part of the leaves with the following preparations: “Iskra”, “Intavir”, “Confidor-maxi”, “Fitoverm” |
Reviews
Mikhail Petrovich, Bryansk region
The Bryanochka cherry is good for my Bryansk region. Very little maintenance, but you get a lot of pleasure. I planted several cherries along with Iput, also our Bryansk variety. It turned out to be a good garden, productive and beautiful.
Sergey Vasiliev, Pskov
There can never be too many cherries. Both Bryanochka and Iput and Hungarian cherries were planted. They pollinate each other and create a cherry orchard like Chekhov’s. I don’t bother with care, they grow on their own. Of course, I watch them, and if anything is wrong, I correct them. Sometimes I prune and feed occasionally. Everyone is happy.
