Description and features of plum
The fruitful tree reaches an average height of 2.5-3 meters. On its ash-gray trunk there is a round, flat crown with organically germinating shoots of medium foliage. Each oval plum leaf is slightly pointed at the upper base. When compared with other varieties, the Naiden cherry plum variety is quite modest in cutting, but all the richness comes during the flowering and fruiting period.
The beautiful fruits of the Naidena variety ripen in a thick scattering, each weighing up to 30 g; the oval fruit has a dense skin and bright orange pulp. There is no ventral groove on the plum, its appearance is ideal - it is a uniform shade of deep burgundy or red-violet, with a shimmering waxy coating. The brown seed is firmly located in the middle of the fibrous pulp. The fruit has a fruity, warm aroma with notes of sloe and mountain cherry plum.
History of selection
The Naydena cherry plum species was created in 1986 on the territory of Crimea; the selection stage was carried out by Crimean and Belarusian breeders. The experiment with the Chinese Skoroplodnaya and Russian Dessert plums was successful, which led to the emergence of a strong culture called Naydena cherry plum. In 1993, it was included in the State Register, and it began to spread in the regions of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine.
Contraindications for use
The use of cherry plum and preparations prepared on its basis (jams, sauces, compotes) is contraindicated in case of individual intolerance to this fruit crop.
Those who suffer from diseases of the digestive tract should eat fresh fruits especially carefully:
Gastritis with increased acidity of gastric juice.
It is not recommended to use cherry plum in any form for feeding infants.
The use of cherry plum as a dessert and a component of various dishes and preparations will significantly enrich the diet with vitamins. The health benefits of using this fruit will be undoubted if consumed in moderation and taking into account contraindications.
Author of the article: Kuzmina Vera Valerievna | Nutritionist, endocrinologist
Education: Diploma from Russian State Medical University named after. N.I. Pirogov, specialty “General Medicine” (2004). Residency at the Moscow State Medical and Dental University, diploma in Endocrinology (2006).
Main characteristics of the variety
The characteristic features of garden cherry plum are its adaptive properties; it is this aspect that attracted the attention of gardeners in the North-Western and Central regions of Russia. The description of the Naydena variety identifies its strengths of winter hardiness, drought resistance, and pollination.
Drought resistance and winter hardiness
The Naidena plum variety has increased immunity to low temperatures; its thick, dense bark with an extensive root system safely withstands long winters, cold autumns, and late springs. But despite its winter hardiness, it is weaker in warm regions. Thus, drought resistance is moderate.
Pollinators
Pollination is of great importance for the Naidena plum variety. Due to the fact that it is characterized by self-sterile development, the crop brings a high yield due to neighboring plum varieties. These include: Traveler, Nesmeyana, Vitba, Asaloda, Mara, Gift to St. Petersburg.
Traveler
Cherry plum Traveler in biological and physiological characteristics corresponds to the Naiden variety, with the only difference being that it is self-pollinating. It is characterized by early ripening fruits that are very juicy and sweet. Flowering time falls in the first ten days of April, the harvest is harvested in mid-July, which again coincides.
Nesmeyana
You can add the early self-sterile variety Nesmeyan to the company of the Traveler. It also depends on pollination; it is planted with other varieties to increase its dessert qualities. Its fruits are characterized by a slight sourness.
The culture is early ripened, therefore it contains more organic acidity than sugar, which tastes good and reduces excessive sweetness.
Vitba
The Vitba plum is a relative of the Naiden cherry plum; its origin is connected with the Belarusian Research Institute of Fruit Growing, where, as a result of crossing the Chinese plum and the common cherry plum, a hybrid variety was obtained. The peculiarity of the garden tree is its resistance to fungal diseases, which allows the full development of shoots and roots. Vitba boasts neat round fruits of medium density and tender pulp, from which the stone comes off easily.
Asaloda
The plum variety of Asalod is self-sterile; its fruits are purple-red in color and have a pleasant taste. It is suitable for previous varieties due to its rapid development; after 2-3 years the tree produces fruits weighing 25 g. Of particular importance is the fact that Asaloda is a winter-hardy and productive plant.
See also
Description and characteristics of plum variety Firefly, subtleties of cultivation
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Mara
According to the description, the plum variety Mara is a vigorous plant with a spreading crown and medium-sized fruits weighing 23 g. According to the flowering period, Mara coincides with the Naiden cherry plum, but differs in the period of fruiting. This is a late harvest variety: it falls in the month of September. The fruits of the plant have loose pulp and a pleasant sweet and sour taste.
Gift to St. Petersburg
The hybrid plum culture Gift to St. Petersburg has the same roots as Naidena. During breeding in Crimea, two types of plum were used - Chinese Skoroplodnaya and Pionerka cherry plum. Garden plum is frost-resistant, has small fruits weighing 12 g. The skin of the fruit is thin, the pulp is pleasantly sweet and acidic, it is often used to make jam and preserves.
Flowering period
According to the description of gardeners, they note that the flowering of Naiden cherry plum begins in the first ten days of April. During this period, the crown is strewn with white flowers with rounded petals. In the middle you can see a stamen with a bright yellow anther - the harmony of flowering lasts about 8 days. Surprisingly, during this period the leaves seem to be waiting for their turn, which comes a little later.
Ripening time
The growing season lasts 2-3 years, after which the plum is ready to bear fruit. Already in mid-July, the fruits take on appetizing shapes, the pulp becomes juicy, and the skin tightly protects all the nectar. They fit tightly to the branches and rarely fall off. The ripening period lasts until September.
Productivity and fruiting
From one tree they harvest from 60-100 kg of whole fruits, it all depends on the region: in the south there is time to ripen more, in the north less. If you do not harvest on time, the fruits become overripe, the stem loses its strong properties, the plums lose their appearance and fall off.
Resistance to diseases and pests
The health of garden cherry plum depends on its initial resistance to fungal diseases and pests. Found has high rates. The variety has strong immunity, and with early spraying it is easier for it to fight butterflies and beetles that lay their larvae on the leaves.
Harvesting
Naidena begins to bear fruit 3–4 years after planting. The fruits ripen in mid-July. During the season, from one mature tree you can collect from 35 to 40 kg of cherry plum. After ripening, the fruits remain on the branches for a long time and do not crack.
The collection of cherry plums is carried out in dry weather. The fruits are picked together with the stalk and placed in wooden boxes with a capacity of up to 8 kg in 2 layers.
The yield of cherry plum variety Found is high and regular
Store cherry plum at a temperature of about +5 °C for 2–3 weeks. The fruits tolerate transportation well, but it is advisable to pick them a little unripe. Full ripening of the fruit occurs at a temperature of +7 °C. Cherry plums are consumed fresh and also used for canning (compotes, juices, jam).
How to plant correctly
The fruit tree is unpretentious to planting conditions, but certain agrotechnical rules should be taken into account.
Location requirements
Plum seedlings take root in various soils, but planting in areas with waterlogged soil is not recommended. It is best to plant in soil with a small amount of clay and sand. When setting up a garden, a plot for cherry plum of the Naidena variety should be allocated on a slope on the south side, and so that the north side should be covered with trees or a white wall. This will protect the crop from strong winds, drafts and provide enough light and heat.
Preparing the site and pit
The plum root system is not very long; it is enough to dig a hole 80 cm deep and 70 cm in diameter. If the soil has loam, then prepare a hole - dig up the soil and fill it up again. Cover with dense materials so that the fabric allows air to pass through. Leave until spring.
How to select and prepare planting material
High-quality seedlings are sold in the fall, their lifespan is 1-2 years. You need to choose according to the root system and crown; the trunk should not be dry or cracked. Moisture of the roots indicates the good condition of the plant. After purchasing, the planting material is stored all winter in the basement at a temperature of 0 to +5 degrees.
Planting scheme
In the spring, they open the hole and dig out the soil for free placement. A hill is formed at the bottom and the roots of the young plant are carefully distributed over it. Cover with soil, trample down and water generously with heated water. After some time, it is necessary to loosen the soil around the cherry plum.
Recommendations for choosing deadlines
Planting a plum tree in the southern regions, where winters are moderate and without severe frosts, is recommended in the fall - in October. In a northern climate, the best time for spring is in April, during which time the roots adapt and strengthen before the cold weather.
Acceptable and Inadmissible Neighbors
If you plan to plant other crops in the garden, then the Naiden cherry plum gets along well with currants, gooseberries and apple trees. With others she will not receive full growth.
Reviews from gardeners about cherry plum Found
As for the Kuban comet... The one found is no different in taste or appearance. But to Cube. For Comet, the yield is much lower, the fruits are probably still freezing, but Naidyona pleases with health and productivity.
Sadovnik62, Ryazan
https://www.forumhouse.ru/threads/261664/page-2
So I can’t figure out the grade Found. I understand that the varieties are very similar, but I still really want to know which varieties grow in my garden. Last year on Naidyon? there were several fruits (the first harvest on grafting), they seemed somewhat larger and ripened a couple of days later than KK. I didn't notice any differences in taste. This year there are a lot of ovaries, the branch is grafted by the leader into the crown of the plum tree. I also noticed that the berries were more sparsely located; I almost didn’t ration the fruits (for my conditions this is a big plus). And on the same plum, below the KK graft, more than half had to be removed. In my opinion, my Naidena has greater growth power (I may be wrong due to the fact that the grafted branch is a leader).
Dubonos, Belgorod region
https://forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=430&start=2295
Elena Sergeevna, cherry plum Found to have low winter hardiness. In your version (rooted), the bush form is more reliable. In anticipation of severe frosts in a snowless winter, it is advisable to mulch the tree trunk circle (cm15–20 cm). If the above-ground part dies and the root part is preserved, everything will be restored. Productivity can increase if there are good pollinators (also cherry plum or whale plum) nearby, and proper nutrition (soil deoxidation).
toliam1, St. Petersburg
https://forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=114&start=320
Two years ago I planted the Naidyon cherry plum, which I brought from a nursery in Smolensk. It didn’t work for me, I had to dig it up. Today I saw the same variety in the store, bought it, planted it, and trimmed the top of the crown. Let's wait for it to grow...
Kuzmin Igor Evgenievich, Moscow region
https://vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=1411.40
If cherry plum does not yet grow in the garden, you can without hesitation give preference to the unpretentious, productive and tasty Naidyona. Of course, the plants will need a pollinator, but if there is not enough space on the site, this problem can be solved by grafting a cutting of the desired variety into the crown.
Source
Rules of care
It is undesirable to neglect the care of cherry plum, since the growing season, the quality of the fruit, and the lifespan of the plant depend on it.
See also
Description of the Manchurian Beauty plum variety, pollinators and cultivation subtleties
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Watering mode
In hot summers, the plum needs to be watered 2 times a month, in cool summers - once. For more gentle care, you can preheat the water in the sun - 2 buckets will be enough.
Top dressing
Before planting, the soil was supplied with useful compounds, so additional fertilizing is not recommended. After the first harvest, it is carried out in spring and autumn. Use organic fertilizers in both seasons; mineral and complex are suitable for spring.
Preparing for winter
The Naidena cherry plum variety is demanding in terms of pruning and preventive measures. Dead, dry areas are removed from the surface of the trees and the trunk and branches are whitewashed twice. Young cherry plum trees are covered with burlap or thick paper.
Trimming
According to the description of the Naiden plum, the tree is not tall with a medium crown, pruning does not take much time. It is done for the uniform development of all parts - roots, trunk, leaves, fruits. With many shoots and abundant foliage, the yield will suffer first.
Formative
To give the crown of the Naydena cherry plum an organic “bowl” shape, its main shoots are pruned for 5 years, in March.
Regulatory
When the tops and shoots bend internally, they are cut off in March. If the cherry plum crown develops without excess density, then regulatory pruning is not used.
Supportive
In June of each year, young shoots are pruned by 10 cm, this stimulates them to branch, which results in the formation of more fertile buds.
Sanitary
It is important to clean the plum tree trunk of dry, broken and weak branches before winter at the end of October. In the spring the procedure is repeated.
Tree trunk care
Additionally, they take care of the tree trunk circle and dig it up periodically. This must be done carefully, since the roots of the Naidena cherry plum variety are very tortuous. After watering, mulching is carried out 2 days later, sawdust or hay is placed around to maintain moisture, enrich the soil and prevent the growth of weeds.
As you can see in the photo, the crown of the cherry plum tree can be pyramidal or spreading:
The branches are thin, weeping, quite flexible, they bend easily without breaking under the weight of the harvest. The color of the shoots ranges from green to brown. The buds are small, the leaves are elongated, the flowers are spherical, located in the axils of the leaves singly and in groups of up to seven or more. In one bud of a hybrid cherry plum, the flowers are usually double or triple, from medium 15 mm to large 40 mm in size, white, sometimes with a pink or cream tint.
In some varieties, flowers have 5-10 petals, arranged in one, sometimes in two layers. Cherry plum has a small number of flowers with two and three pistils. The length of the peduncle is from 10 to 40 mm, the thickness is only 0.8-1.5 mm. Blooming flowers and ovaries can withstand repeated frosts down to -7°C and even a continuous drop in temperature to -5°C for 3 days.
The fruits come in various shapes: round, elongated and ovoid, with a diameter from 16 to 55 mm. The weight of the fruit ranges from 12 to 80 g. The color of the fruit is from light yellow to blue and almost black. Some hybrid forms based on Chinese plums have fruits with a rather strong aroma. The pulp of the fruit is tender, juicy, sometimes dense, crispy or crumbly and dry, yellow, red, white.
The beneficial properties of cherry plum fruits are explained by the high concentration of pectin and other substances. They contain up to 13% sugar, up to 5% citric and malic acids, up to 1.5% pectin, vitamin C, carotene (vitamin A), vitamins P, B, E, P1, PP. The seed contains 42% oil, similar in quality to almond oil.
When consuming the fruits, metabolic disorders and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are eliminated, and the state of the cardiovascular system is stabilized.
Fruit ripening usually takes place from July 15 to September 15, depending on the variety. Some varieties, after ripening, can remain on the tree for up to 45 days, until severe frosts.
The fruits have high taste and decorative qualities; some varieties compete with imported nectarines.
The fruits are usually harvested after physiological ripening and acquiring their characteristic color. Harvesting is carried out in one go, since ripening is uniform. Only mechanically damaged fruits are discarded. There is practically no need to sort fruits due to the absence of pests. It tolerates transportation well for several days.
The bulk of the fruits are used for fresh consumption, as well as for the preparation of compotes, juices, jams, and wine. For long-term storage, large fruits of varieties that ripen in September are used.
For storage, the fruits are collected by hand, then carefully sorted, placed in standard boxes in rows and cooled in a dry room, pre-treated with sulfur dioxide produced by burning sulfur. When selecting varieties of different ripening periods, fresh fruits are available for six months.
There is a wide variety of varieties available, which differ from each other not only in shape and color, but also in size and ripening time.
The seedlings are quite large - 2-3 years old with an open root system.
Cherry plum and its cultivated varieties are used as a fruit crop, and also as a rootstock for plums, apricots, and peaches. The fruits contain a lot of sugars, organic acids and pectin, vitamins C and carotene. The fruits of the cherry plum are tasty, sweet and sour, used fresh and in canned form (compote, syrups, jam, marmalade, jelly, oriental marshmallow-lavash made from sun-dried puree from mashed plums, marmalade, juice, wine). The main component of Tkemali sauce.
For better pollination in the garden, it is recommended to plant 2-3 varieties at the same time.
The plant is very decorative during flowering, therefore it is used when planting gardens and in landscape design.
Below you can see photos, names and descriptions of cherry plum varieties, the most popular among amateur gardeners.
Pros and cons of the variety
The Naydena cherry plum variety has many advantages, these include:
- early ripening variety;
- abundant flowering;
- short growing season - fruiting in 2-3 years;
- high levels of frost resistance;
- good yield;
- beautiful fruits of uniform ripening;
- universal taste qualities.
Among the minuses of the Naiden plum are:
- average drought resistance;
- demands on the site;
- self-sterility.
Diseases and pests
Fungal diseases damage the bark, leaves, and shoots of the Naiden cherry plum variety. In addition to diseases, garden crops are attacked by pests.
Aphid
Plum aphids are one of the pests that cover the lower leaves of plum trees. To treat areas, use solutions: “Karbofos” or “Sumition”.
Sawfly
A worm that feeds on inflorescences and fruits is called a sawfly. The pest is controlled using the drugs “Cyanox”, “Rogor” and solutions “Karbofos” or “Chlorophos”. Spraying is carried out before flowering.
Rodents
Rodents feed on the roots and trunks of the Naiden cherry plum, most often in late autumn and winter. To protect the fruit tree, its lower part is covered with straw, paper, spruce branches or scraps of fabric soaked in creolin.
Moniliosis
In case of moniliosis, the plant is sprayed with fungicides, the affected areas are removed: stems, leaves, bark.
Polystigmosis
Polystigmosis affects cherry plum leaves, causing burn spots to appear on them. For treatment or prevention, fungicidal preparations are used; spraying is recommended from the highest shoots to the lowest.
Clusterosporiasis
To prevent clasterosporiasis, garden plums are treated with Bordeaux mixture.
Centipede
An insect resembling a fly damages the seed of the Naidena plum variety. A massive attack of the thick stalk occurs a week after flowering. During this period, you need to spray all parts of the plum with insecticides.
codling moth
Insecticides also help against the codling moth, which eats leaves and fruits. This insect is first a larva, then a caterpillar, and then a butterfly.
