Varieties of green beans: the best productive seeds for open ground, yellow, without fibers, among them Blue Lake, Butter King

Green beans are rightfully considered one of the most valuable and useful legumes. Its homeland is Central America, but today the crop is grown all over the world, including in our country.

Everyone knows green beans, but few know what green beans are. Can green beans and green beans be considered one product? And if not, what's the difference? In this article we will take a detailed look at the similarities and differences, and talk about the peculiarities of growing and using these two crops in cooking.

What types of pod crops are there: description

Beans are divided into several types according to different characteristics.
Bush runner beans, climbing and semi-climbing :

Bush beans are characterized by an abundant harvest.
Climbing and semi-climbing ones have the appearance of vines that grow upward. They are sometimes used to decorate a site.

Shelling, asparagus and semi-sugar varieties:

In shelled varieties, the beans are separated from the pods; the pods are not eaten.
Asparagus remains soft throughout the entire growth period and is consumed together with the pod.
Semi-sugars are eaten completely when young; after full ripening, the pod is separated.

Hulling varieties are divided into types according to the shape of the beans:

fava;
cowpea;
chali;
flageolet;
pinto;
black;
kidney;
Lima;
navi.

Seeds for Siberia

For Siberia, early types of this crop with a small green mass are chosen.

The best varieties are considered:

Caramel.
Neringa.
Mascott.

What to plant in the Urals?

Growing beans in the Urals is problematic; they love warmth.
However, gardeners were able to grow several varieties, adhering to the rules of care. Need to be planted after frost. Reference !
The seedlings must be additionally protected with film. For a good harvest in the fall, introduce mineral and organic fertilizers. Bean varieties :

Anfisa.
Darina.
Gold of Siberia.
Nika.
Solar.

Seeds for the Middle Zone and Moscow Region

In this region, beans are grown for both food and decorative purposes. In the Moscow region, seeds of the best climbing or bush varieties are used.

Here, according to the State Register, it is recommended to grow beans:

Antoshka.
Lacemaker.
Butter king.
Purple Queen.
Sweet courage.

Green and green beans: benefits and applications

Although there is a difference between green beans and green beans, and it is quite noticeable, both crops are very healthy - including them in your diet will be useful for almost all people. For clarity, we should talk about at least some useful properties:

Stabilization of the nervous system. A person who eats beans feels more confident, becomes calm, and restrained. It is especially recommended for women who experience sudden mood swings during PMS.
Alignment of hormonal rhythm. This primarily concerns pregnant women and women during menopause, as well as teenage girls.
Strengthening the immune system. Beans contain a large amount of iron, which is needed to maintain the required hemoglobin level. It is responsible for the supply of oxygen to all organs, and therefore for overall well-being and health.
Regulation of metabolism. Beans are a source of complex carbohydrates and proteins. Therefore, they should definitely be added to the diet of women who are afraid of gaining excess weight.
Preservation of tooth enamel and strengthening of bones in general.
Prevention of diseases affecting the urinary system.
Dissolution of salts, which means prevention of many joint diseases.
Removing toxic substances from waste from the body.
Normalizing the rate of sebum production and improving the appearance of the skin.
Relieving inflammation.

The most delicious yellow one

Used to decorate the area. The herbaceous stem forms shoots on the sides. It has a taproot system. Yellow flowers appear on the plant during the flowering period. The length of the pod is 10 cm. One pod can contain up to 7 beans. For a good harvest, the tops are regularly cut off.

Early varieties are harvested after 50 days, medium ones - at 70 days, and late ripening ones - at 100 days. The pods are picked during milky ripeness . Their length is 20 cm. Flexible, the beans are small inside. Used for cooking and canning.

Reference ! The beans do not last long, even in the refrigerator they wither the next day.

Use in folk medicine

Decoctions and infusions are made from bean leaves according to traditional medicine recipes, which have a therapeutic effect and normalize blood glucose levels. They contain high-quality proteins, which, when entering the human body, take part in the synthesis of insulin.

On a note!

Infusions of black beans relieve inflammation and relieve attacks of rheumatism. They have a diuretic effect, flush the kidneys, and normalize blood pressure.

Women who are breastfeeding are advised to avoid eating legumes. This product causes gas and colic in the baby. But due to their nutritional content, black beans are good for increasing your milk supply. With proper introduction of this product into the diet of a young mother, it is possible to avoid negative effects on the child and enrich the menu with a healthy product.

In cosmetology, black beans are used to prepare anti-aging masks. The grains are boiled until tender and blended with a blender. Then a little lemon juice and butter are added to the puree mass. The resulting mass is distributed over the face for 15 minutes.

Preparing the infusion

This remedy is useful for overall health promotion. It is taken three times a day, half an hour before meals, 1/3 cup.

Ingredients:

50 g black beans;
400 ml water.

How to cook:

Black bean grains are turned into powder using a coffee grinder. Then boil the water. The powder is poured into a thermos, and boiling water is poured into it. Leave for 12 hours. Before drinking, the drink is filtered through cheesecloth.

No fibers

Fiberless beans are valued for their high yield. It is frozen and prepared in many dishes. The fruits must be picked young, before they become coarse and lose their taste.

Blue Lake

Climbing garland of green beans, without coarse fibers, productive, very early ripening. Ripening occurs in 50-56 days. The plant is 1.5 m tall and needs strong support. Long pods, rich green color, 16 cm. Medium-sized white grains, delicate in taste.

Loves light and high humidity . Prefers loose soil rich in humus. It is resistant to diseases, especially to the mosaic virus. It is characterized by intensive growth and abundant harvest. Suitable for freezing during milk ripeness.

Video about the characteristics of this type:

Butter King

Ripens early, on the 50th day. Sow in late May early June, when the soil warms up to 15°C. An erect bush with a compact shape, up to 40 cm. The pods are yellow-golden, large and long - 25 cm, diameter up to 2 cm. The blades are not fibrous and do not have a parchment layer. Excellent immunity to diseases. Grows well in dry soil and does not wither.

Reference ! Can be planted on loamy soils, but the best soil is sandy loam, rich in lime.

The harvest is harvested by mid-summer. The pods are picked as they ripen to stimulate productivity. Stable harvest of up to 1.5-2 kg of beans per 1 sq. m.

Malachite

Early ripe green beans . A compact bush with an average number of leaves, 35-45 cm, strewn with beans. The flowers are white. Ripens in 50-55 days. The lower pod is at a height of 10-13 cm. Green in color, slightly curved in shape, without a parchment layer and fibers.

The length of the pod is 12-14 cm. The beans are elliptical in shape, without veins, and white in color. Used for freezing and canning.

Amber

Mid-season green beans . Bushes of medium height or tall. Slightly wrinkled leaves, from light green to green shades, flowers are violet-pink, medium in size. Ripe pods are slightly curved or curved. There are no parchment layers or fibers.

The fruits are medium length, light yellow in color, heart-shaped in cross section. Seeds are bud-shaped, light brown in color with weak veins. The heat-loving variety does not like large amounts of moisture. Has excellent taste.

Planting seeds in the ground

Green beans are planted in the ground with seeds. Growing seedlings is not practiced. Initially, the southern culture is thermophilic - be sure to wait until the soil at a depth of 6–8 cm warms up to 12–15ºС. In the southern regions of Russia it can be planted at the end of April, in the Moscow region and areas with a similar climate - in the last ten days of May. In the Urals and Siberia, planting dates are shifted to the first half of June. The optimal temperature for the crop is 20–25ºС.

Green beans will not survive negative temperatures, even small ones. At the slightest threat of frost, the emerging shoots are covered with lutrasil, spunbond, or other similar material.

Be sure to choose a place for the garden bed that is sunny and protected from drafts. The latter is especially true for climbing varieties - their stems are most often thin and easily broken. It is better to place such plants in partial shade than to leave them in a draft.

The place for green beans is selected so that it is illuminated by the sun, but at the same time protected from the wind

Green beans categorically do not tolerate acidified substrate, preferring light and fertile soil that allows water and air to pass through well (loam, sandy loam). Both sandy and heavy swampy soils, as well as areas where groundwater comes closer to the surface than a meter, are not suitable for it.

Humus is a natural remedy for increasing soil fertility

The bed is prepared in the fall. A couple of weeks before planting, the soil is loosened and potassium fertilizer is applied again (this macronutrient is vital for green beans). For example, wood ash (0.5–0.7 l/m²) is suitable.

Video: preparing bean seeds for planting in the garden

The seeds are buried into the soil no more than 7 cm. Bush beans are placed in rows, in a checkerboard pattern. The distance between plants is 25–30 cm, between rows is 35–40 cm. For climbing varieties, the interval is reduced to 15–20 cm, and they are planted in one row.

Sprouted bean seeds sprout faster

The holes are filled with a mixture of sand and humus. The bed is watered moderately. Before emergence, it is covered with covering material or plastic film. The germination rate of green beans is good, at 90%. You won't have to wait long for sprouts to appear. Usually, at a suitable temperature (at least 20ºC during the day), the process takes 6–8 days.

When planting beans, maintain an interval between plants - their excessive crowding in the garden often provokes the development of diseases

When planting climbing green beans, you need to decide in advance what the support will look like. You can, for example, place it near a fence, the wall of a house or other building, or let it curl around the gazebo. Other options are a plastic mesh with large cells stretched between the posts or some kind of hut made of poles, separate vertical stakes or sections of pipes, arcs made of strong wire. Don’t count on thin sticks - the plants, even without taking into account the weight of the crop, are quite large and massive. Once the beans reach the desired height, “help” the vines by wrapping them around the support. They are most often unable to gain a foothold on it on their own.

Support for climbing green beans is absolutely necessary, and quite strong.

Video: planting green beans

For freezing

There are several varieties of beans that are suitable for freezing. They do not lose their beneficial qualities when the temperature drops and retain their presentation for a long time.

Momentum

Asparagus mid-season beans . Ripens in 60 days. The bush is powerful, tall, upright. The pods are slightly curved, dark green, 13-14 cm in length. The seeds are white, with excellent taste. High-yielding, shows good results even in unfavorable conditions. At high and low temperatures it does not drop flowers.

Resistant to:

legume virus;
bacterial spotting;
anthracnose.

Suitable for fresh sale and freezing.

Reference ! It can be collected for a long time; the pod does not quickly become coarse or thicken.

Thanks to its excellent qualities, the culture can be stored for quite a long time.

Serengeti

Black Eyed Peas. Early ripening, ripens in 50-55 days. Serengeti is a powerful pod-like bush plant , 50 cm in height. Emerald green leaves and white flowers. Slightly curved green pod. Length 14-16 cm, without parchment layer and fibers. The beans are white, 8-12 pieces per pod. Excellent taste, used fresh and for preservation.

Resistant to transportation. Productivity up to 2.5 kg per 1 sq. m. Resistant to:

viral diseases;
rust;
anthracnose.

They are grown throughout Russia, except the Far North.

Further care and harvesting

Green beans are a plant that is undemanding in care and can “forgive” an inexperienced gardener for certain flaws in agricultural technology. But regular weeding of the beds is critical for this crop. She absolutely cannot stand being around weeds. Roots located quite close to the soil surface begin to experience nutrient deficiency. Climbing varieties are pinched when the vine grows to 2–2.5 m in length. This ensures an increase in yield. After pinching the top, nutrition is redirected from the green mass to the pods. In addition, it is simply more convenient to assemble them this way.

Hilling up asparagus beans helps strengthen and develop its root system

The soil should not be allowed to dry out. The flowers and ovaries of green beans immediately react to this, beginning to crumble en masse. Before the first ovaries appear, it is watered daily or every other day, as the top layer of the substrate dries. Then the crop needs more abundant but infrequent watering. The intervals between them are increased to 4–5 days, the norm is from 1–1.5 to 2–3 liters per plant. To retain moisture in the soil, it is mulched with humus, peat chips, and freshly cut grass.

Watering is one of the main agrotechnical measures for green beans

Bush varieties are fertilized twice during the growing season, climbing varieties - three times. Fertilizing is applied at the moment of mass formation of buds, after the first fruiting and after another 2–2.5 weeks. It is advisable to use natural organic matter - infusions of wood ash, nettle greens or dandelion leaves. If green beans are clearly lagging behind in growth and development, add superphosphate (15–20 g per 10 l). In rainy weather, it can be mixed with a liter of wood ash and distributed dry over the bed.

Nettle infusion is an absolutely natural complex fertilizer

Of the microelements, green beans react most acutely to a deficiency of manganese, boron and molybdenum. During the growing season, it is useful to water the plants themselves and the soil with a nutrient solution 2–3 times (1–2 g of potassium permanganate, boric acid and molybdenum sulfate per 7–10 liters of water).

The green bean crop should not be allowed to become overripe. The pods are removed while they are not yet swollen, in a state of milky ripeness (they bend, but do not break). The beans at this point are about the size of a grain of wheat. On average, 10–12 days pass from the moment the ovaries form. Otherwise, they become rough, dry, it is no longer possible to eat them whole, not only the taste, but also the benefits suffer greatly.

In bush varieties, fruiting is more uniform; the harvest can be harvested in 2–3 doses. Climbers bear fruit for 6–8 weeks (some until the first serious cold snap), the pods are removed at least once every 4–5 days. Timely harvesting activates the process of formation of new ovaries. The best time for this is early morning.

Green beans must be harvested on time, otherwise they will greatly lose their taste and benefits.

Green beans do not suffer much from pests. The greatest harm can be caused by slugs, which are not averse to eating young greens and pods. Massive invasions of them are extremely rare; folk remedies are quite sufficient to protect plantings.

Video: nuances of crop care

Purple

Purple bean varieties have excellent taste and are easy to care for . They contain a large amount of protein and are considered dietary. The ovaries are initially green, but after reaching 10 cm in length they change color to purple.

Dragon tongue

Dragon's Tongue is a 4 m tall vine plant used as a hedge. During growth it is necessary to tie it up. Early ripening green beans. The pod is straight, purple, 15 cm long. A spatula without a parchment layer and fibers. Loves a sunny location. Suitable for growing in open ground, does not require additional protection in the form of shelters.

Reference ! Loves soil rich in organic matter.

Has excellent taste . When heat treated it turns green. Most often used raw so as not to lose the purple color.

Bluehilda

Early ripening, ripens in 65-70 days. A powerful climbing vine, up to 3 m. The pods are soft, 20-25 cm, 10-15 cm wide. Flat-round in cross section. Before ripening, the valves become coarser and fibers appear. White oily beans have nutritional and healing properties.

Reference ! The variety is sensitive to low temperatures and must be covered with film.

The seedlings are thinned out after the first shoots appear to avoid the appearance of rot. Excellent taste. It is eaten unripe. Fresh fruits are used for side dishes and main courses. Also pickled and frozen.

Purple Queen

The variety ripens in 52-60 days. Refers to dwarf beans. The bush is small, 30-35 cm. The flowers are lilac-pink. Pods are 13-15 cm, round in cross-section. The seeds are beige or dark yellow. Resistant to low temperatures, has good immunity to diseases.

For early fruiting, they are grown under cover or in a greenhouse. It is necessary to loosen the soil and feed after germination. It is used for first and second courses. When heat treated they change color to green. Also canned and frozen.

Description of the plant, its benefits

Green beans (aka asparagus beans) are one of the oldest plants “cultivated” by man. The homeland of most of its varieties is Central and South America, but it was also well known in Ancient Egypt and China. Europeans became acquainted with the culture only in the 16th century, when the continent on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean was discovered.

Green beans have been known to mankind for thousands of years.

For a long time, green beans were used exclusively as an ornamental plant, decorating gardens and greenhouses. They began to eat it only in the 18th century. Moreover, this was considered a privilege of the aristocracy. Around the same time, green beans arrived in Russia, where they were known as “French beans.”

Green beans are:

Bush. Compact plant that does not require support. Tolerates low temperatures better. No support needed. Fruiting is friendly.
Bush beans are a fairly compact, low-growing plant.
Curly. The liana is on average 2.5–3 m long. To grow, you will definitely need support. Widely used in landscape design. It has higher yields and a longer fruiting period. Takes up less space - grows mainly upwards.
Planting climbing beans allows you to save space in the garden, because they grow mainly upwards

The flowers of green beans are most often white or greenish and small. Decorative varieties have been bred through selection, in which they are colored in different shades of red, purple, lilac, violet. The shape, length, and color of the pods and beans also vary greatly. They can be almost flat or round, straight or curved. The most common colors are green, yellow, purple. Less common are white, pink, and variegated beans.

Flowering beans (with the exception of some specially bred ornamental varieties) are not the most spectacular sight

The main difference between green beans and grain or shelled beans is the ability to eat the pods whole without removing the beans. They do not have a “parchment” layer and hard fibers inside. But this only applies to young pods. When they are completely overripe, they are no longer suitable for eating.

Green beans are eaten together with the pods, and it is in this form that they are sold in stores.

Green beans are included in many dishes; they are an integral part of South American and Mediterranean cuisine. Sliced pods are added to soups, salads, stews, boiled, stewed, steamed beans are served as a side dish for meat, fish, and poultry dishes. As for vegetables, it goes well with broccoli, cauliflower, eggplant, bell pepper, carrots, and tomatoes. And also with eggs, cheeses, mushrooms.

Green beans are not only healthy, but also very tasty.

Green beans don't have a great taste, but they also have great benefits for the body. Like all legumes, it is rich in easily digestible fiber and proteins. Vegetarians value it as a complete replacement for meat products. The pods are also rich in microelements. Most of all they contain potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, vitamins A, E, C, group B. Green beans can be included in the menu for those who are on a diet, wanting to lose weight. It has the ability to normalize carbohydrate metabolism and is low in calories (only 23 kcal per 100 g).

Asparagus bean pods, in addition to the usual green, can be painted in more unusual colors

It has been scientifically proven that green beans help if you need to increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood, get rid of cholesterol “plaques,” and normalize the functioning of the stomach, intestines, and gall bladder. If you include beans in your diet regularly, excess salt is removed from the body (very important for swelling and joint problems), toxins, and the body’s defense against the negative effects of free radicals improves. It is also important that the product always remains environmentally friendly. When grown, green beans do not absorb harmful substances from the soil and atmosphere.

There are also contraindications. It is not recommended to use the pods during exacerbation of any chronic diseases of the stomach and intestines. And due to the high content of oxalic acid - also with urolithiasis.

Climbing beans are often used by landscape designers to create hedges and “green walls.”

Green beans are very beneficial for women. When included regularly in the diet, it:

has a beneficial effect on the nervous system, relieving increased excitability, making emotional instability characteristic of PMS easier to bear;
normalizes hormonal rhythm, which is vital during pregnancy and the onset of menopause;
has a positive effect on metabolism;
helps preserve tooth enamel, improves the condition of hair and nails;
is an effective prevention of diseases of the genitourinary system;
improves the condition of the skin (inflammation disappears, the activity of the sebaceous glands is normalized).

Women have long appreciated the benefits of green beans. The Egyptian queen Cleopatra, famous for her beauty and unfading youth, used it as an integral component of face masks. In Ancient Rome, powder was made from it to soften, whiten and smooth the skin.

Video: how green beans are good for the body

Green

Green varieties are characterized by tender pods . They cook very quickly and do not lose their taste. There are many green varieties.

Bona

The asparagus variety is characterized by a slow rate of seed development. Refers to mid-season varieties. Ripeness occurs at 50-60 days. The bushes are compact, 25 cm. Ripe pods are light green, slightly curved, 13.5 cm, pointed apex. The blade is not pubescent, without a parchment layer and fibers. The pods are round in cross section. The seeds are white, kidney-shaped, with a faint shine.

Stable yield, 1.0–1.4 kg/m². Resistant to diseases . Excellent taste. It is canned and frozen.

Crane

Early ripening asparagus variety. Compact bushes, 40-50 cm. Green leaves, medium-sized white flowers. Green, slightly curved pods, 12-13 cm. Smooth, with a blunt or pointed apex. Elliptical seeds are white. Spatula without parchment layer.

Reference ! Requires constant care - weeding, loosening the soil, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers.

With a lack of moisture, the fruits are small and rough . Loves a sunny location. Mature pods are carefully cut off, and new ones are formed in place of the cuts. It has a delicate and juicy taste. Used in cooking, canned and frozen.

Remember

A mid-early ripening variety of green beans. Grows by bush method. The pods are elongated, slightly curved, bright green. The tails are thin and curved. A parchment layer does not form inside the pod. Beans retain their freshness and shape for a long time. Sowing begins in spring and lasts until mid-summer.

Tips for caring for crops

Beans that have optimal growing conditions do not need special care. Like other garden crops, it needs regular weeding and loosening of the beds, timely watering and fertilization.

Loosening the soil promotes better soil aeration

Another procedure necessary for plants is hilling. It is carried out when the seedlings reach a height of 8–10 cm and is repeated after two weeks. The aerial part of the bean is quite massive. If this is not done, the plants will fall to the ground under their own weight. Climbing varieties are tied to a trellis about a month after emergence.

Black beans are a moisture-loving crop. Only some modern varieties can withstand prolonged drought without much damage. At the same time, frequent abundant watering is also harmful - water stagnates at the roots, causing the development of rot. It is especially important to provide plants with moisture during flowering and during the ripening of beans.

Black beans are a moisture-loving crop, this applies to both adult plants and newly emerged seedlings.

The procedure is carried out early in the morning or late in the evening, when the sun has already set. In extreme heat, it is useful to additionally spray the plants or pour them from a watering can, also in the evenings. The optimal method of watering is sprinkling, simulating natural precipitation. Water temperature - not lower than 18°C. If the weather is not too hot and it rains from time to time, it is enough to water the garden bed once every 5-7 days. When it’s warm and sunny outside, the intervals between procedures are reduced to 2–3 days. It may also require daily irrigation.

Seedlings up to a month old are watered every 3–4 days. When they form five true leaves, watering is reduced to the required minimum. In the new regime, it is resumed only after the start of flowering, gradually increasing the rate for each plant from 0.5–0.7 l to 2–3 l or up to 15–20 l/m².

The intervals between watering beans are adjusted depending on the weather outside.

For those gardeners who do not have the opportunity to live on the site permanently, mulching is useful. Peat, humus, and freshly cut grass help retain moisture in the soil and prevent the growth of weeds.

Black beans respond gratefully to fertilizers by increasing their yield. Usually three feedings are carried out per season. This is enough even for late-ripening varieties.

Fertilizers are applied for the first time 25–30 days after emergence. Use a mixture of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, for example, superphosphate and urea, diluting 10–15 g per 10 liters of water. There is no need to overdo it with nitrogen. When the recommended concentration increases, the beans begin to actively increase green mass to the detriment of flowering and bean formation. Another negative consequence is the weakening of the plant’s immunity.

Urea, like other nitrogen-containing fertilizers, is used with strict adherence to the recommended dosage and timing of fertilizing

The second feeding is carried out approximately three weeks after the first. You can use any complex store-bought fertilizers for legumes. Natural organics are also suitable - infusions of fresh cow manure, bird droppings, dandelion leaves, nettle greens. Before use, the finished product must be filtered and diluted with water in a ratio of 1:8 (and if droppings were used as a raw material, 1:15).

Nettle infusion is a natural and absolutely free fertilizer

Fertilizers are applied for the last time after another three weeks. Ripening beans need potassium. A natural source of this macronutrient is wood ash. It is added to the base of the stems in dry form or an infusion is prepared. Mineral fertilizer - potassium sulfate - is also suitable.

Video: experience of growing black beans

Pests do not show much attention to black beans. But there are a few exceptions. The greatest damage to plants can be caused by slugs and scale insects.

To protect the plantings from mollusks, the base of the stem is surrounded with a “barrier” of pine needles, sand, and ground shells. Traps are also effective - containers dug into the soil in the garden bed, filled with beer, kvass, jam diluted with water, and chopped cabbage leaves. To repel pests, plantings are sprayed with an infusion of onion or garlic pulp every 10–12 days. They also protect beans from scale insects. You can also fight it by placing pieces of fabric or cotton wool moistened with kerosene or turpentine between the rows. It is useful to surround the perimeter of the garden bed with herbs and flowers with a strong scent - dill, basil, rosemary, sage, marigolds, lavender. The soil is periodically sprinkled with wood ash mixed with tobacco chips, ground pepper, and mustard powder.

Slugs feed on green plants and eat holes in fruits.

As a rule, in order to prevent a massive pest invasion, preventive measures are sufficient. It is very undesirable to use chemicals to combat them - black beans (and any other beans too) absorb any harmful substances like a sponge. But if other methods do not bring the desired effect, the drugs Meta, Groza, Slizneed are used against slugs, and against scale insects - Aktaru, Fufanon, Fosbecid.

The tissue around the scale insects takes on an unnatural reddish-yellow hue.

The most common diseases are mosaic, root rot, anthracnose, bacteriosis, leaf rust. The first, in principle, cannot be treated with modern means. Rot most often appears on the aboveground part only when the process of its development is no longer reversible. In both cases, all that remains is to pull out the plants and burn them, eliminating the source of the infection. The substrate in this place is disinfected by pouring 5% copper sulfate.

To prevent the development of fungal diseases, potassium permanganate is periodically added to the water for irrigation so that a pinkish solution is obtained. Plants are dusted with crushed chalk or colloidal sulfur. Before planting, seeds are pickled in a solution of Trichodermin, Alirin-B. Having discovered characteristic signs, fungicides are used, preferably of biological origin. These drugs cause less harm to human health and the environment. The most common are Strobi, Bayleton, Baikal-EM.

Photo gallery: symptoms of diseases dangerous to black beans

Mosaic is a viral disease, the leaves become covered with lime and yellow spots, streaks, and streaks.

The base of the stem of plants infected with root rot softens, turns black, and becomes slimy to the touch.

Beans infected with anthracnose should not be eaten.

Bacteriosis manifests itself primarily on bean leaves. When rust occurs, the underside of the leaf becomes covered with a layer of “hairy” saffron-colored coating, which gradually darkens and “thickens.”

Combination

Watercolor

A combination of early varieties of green beans of different colors . It can be green, yellow, purple and burgundy with white splashes. Spatula pod without parchment layer. The beans are round in shape, soft brown in color with thin veins.

Reference ! The varieties are characterized by productivity and high yield. They are resistant to adverse weather conditions.

Suitable for growing in open ground. They love sunny areas of the garden. Unripe fresh seeds are used in cooking. Side dishes and main courses are prepared, frozen and pickled.

The variety of varieties and species increases every year. Growing beans occupies an important place in agriculture. A large amount of vitamins, dietary qualities, and a wide choice of bean flavors attract amateur gardeners.

Choosing a site for planting beans

Black beans are planted in the same order as other varieties of this crop. An open area is chosen for it in a country house or garden. This crop cannot be planted in places shaded by buildings or tall trees.

Important!

Beans love plenty of sunlight. Due to lack of lighting, it stretches out and the yield is greatly reduced.

This crop can be grown on any soil except clay. But the harvest will be better on loose and well-drained soil. If the land on the site is fertile, there will be more ovaries. It is better not to choose areas with close groundwater for planting beans. On such soil, the root system of the plant will quickly begin to rot. Therefore, it is more convenient to grow this crop on a hill.

When it is not possible to choose an open and high-lying area, the problem of close groundwater is solved in another way. A high bed is made under the beans, which improves the heating of the root system and simplifies the care of the plants. The disadvantage of this method of growing is the high cost of materials for the garden bed.

The soil is prepared in the fall, the area is dug up to a depth of 25 cm. At the same time, well-rotted manure or ready-made compost is added to improve the structure and fertility. Fresh manure or bird droppings are not used as fertilizer for legumes. It contains a lot of nitrogen, which is unnecessary for this crop. Beans independently extract this element from the soil and accumulate it in the soil. Additionally, mineral complexes or 30 g of potassium sulfate and 40 g of superphosphate are used for every 1 square meter. m. landing.

Preparations continue in the spring. Additionally, they dig up the bed, adding 10 g of ammonium nitrate for every 1 square meter. m. landing. But if compost or manure was added in the fall, ammonium nitrate is not needed. The surface of the bed is leveled with a rake.

When arranging a place for beans, take into account the recommendations and rules for crop rotation. Beans will feel better if radishes, cabbage, radishes, potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and onions grew in front of them in this place. After peas, soybeans or peanuts, beans can be planted on a plot only after 3 years.

Cowpea varieties (for open ground and greenhouses)

Until now, cowpea remains an unknown crop for many. The most inquisitive gardeners who constantly monitor new products began growing it by purchasing seeds abroad, through portals: Aliexpress, OZON.ru and the like. This is how we have varieties in Russia:

Fortex with green beans 20–30 cm long.
Red Podded Asparagus with purple beans up to 80cm long.
Asparagus Yardlong produces green beans up to 80cm long.

These varieties are late, from germination to harvest it takes 75–80 days. But the main thing is that they are not officially listed anywhere, have not undergone variety testing, and it is not known how productive they are in a particular region, or whether they grow at all, for example, in the Urals or the Leningrad region. They are not on mass sale.

But now well-known domestic producers have taken up cowpea seed production. Thanks to them, we can grow varieties adapted to the Russian climate in our beds. Their ripening period is noticeably shorter - 55–60 days, and the seeds are sold in regular stores for summer residents .

Table: Russian varieties of cowpea, its characteristics

Variety name	Seed producer	Ripening time (days)	Bob Length(cm)	Productivity
Spaghetti	“NK. Russian vegetable garden"	60	55	4–5
Fakir	"Sedek"	60	50–70	up to 5
Kalancha	"Gavrish"	55–60	65	5
Countess	"Gavrish"	55–60	60	4.2–5.4
Brown seed, Red seed, Black seed	"Plasma Seeds"	50–60	up to 100	4.5

You can find cowpea Chucha, Niagara, Macaretti, etc. on sale. These beans are easy to care for, just sow them and provide them with a strong support. But cowpea is heat-loving, so in the northern regions it is grown in greenhouses. It is recommended to pick unripe pods 20–30 cm long.

Photo gallery: what kind of cowpea can be grown in Russia

The author of cowpea Spaghetti is “NK. Russian vegetable garden"

Kalancha produces thin and long green beans

Red seed cowpea is named after the color of the seeds, they are red Countess - a productive and beautiful cowpea with tasty beans Fakir is very productive, it bears fruit for a long time

Vigna Macaretti grows long and narrow pasta-like pods

Video: cowpea vine in a greenhouse

Methods for preparing green beans for the winter

You can buy green beans in the store at any time of the year, but the price of the product is often overpriced. Moreover, the conditions under which the product was grown remain unknown. For these reasons, many housewives prefer their own preparations to store-bought beans.

To be able to eat homemade green beans in winter, you need to take care of this in the summer or autumn months.

Freezing.

Green beans can be frozen. In this form, it retains all its beneficial properties and practically does not lose vitamins. Before freezing, the beans are washed, cut into pieces, placed in plastic bags or containers, and then placed in the freezer.

Modern taxonomy of bean varieties

True, if hearty dishes made from bean seeds soon began to be considered food for the common people, then the pods with thick juicy walls and barely formed seeds turned out to be food for the nobility. The fact is that the blades remained tender for a very short time, and then, with the beginning of the development and maturation of the seeds, the inner surface of the valves was covered with a hard parchment layer. It is not always possible to collect milky ripe beans with soft pods from the garden.

Over time, as new varieties appeared, a division occurred into:

sugar or asparagus varieties of beans, which do not have a fibrous inedible coating on the leaves at all, and the seeds are edible, but small;
semi-sugar or universal varieties, which first produce very dense, tasty pods and then form a good harvest of seeds;
shelling or grain varieties, the main purpose of growing which is to obtain a bountiful harvest of seeds.

According to the shape of the plants, when classifying varieties, beans are divided into bush and climbing.

Bush beans, convenient for mechanized and manual harvesting, look like medium-sized upright or somewhat lodging plants with a height of 40 to 60 cm. Such a crop begins to bear fruit earlier, is more cold-resistant and unpretentious.

Climbing beans, depending on the variety, can form vines up to 5 meters long, so when growing they require strong supports or trellises. The climbing variety shown in the photo is more labor-intensive to maintain and does not ripen as quickly as the bush variety, but the growing season in this case is longer, as is the number of pods per plant. In addition, the plants are extremely impressive and can be used as decorative beans for landscaping the walls of buildings, fences and other vertical surfaces.

In terms of the shape and type of beans, the existing varieties of green beans are also diverse and bear little resemblance to each other.

The length of the pods of common green beans, more often found in European and Russian gardens, reaches only 6–20 cm, and up to 3 to 8 seeds ripen in each of them.
Up to several dozen seeds can be counted in the pods of Asian cowpeas, and the blades grow up to a meter in length.

The color of green beans, as in the photo, depending on the variety, can be white, yellowish, light or bright green, variegated, purple and even almost black. There is the same variety in the colors of the seeds that ripen in pods in the fall.

This classification is true for both the American genus Phaseolus and the Asian Vigna, although they are strikingly different in the appearance of the pods.