What are green beans
Green beans are characterized by excellent taste
Green beans are a popular crop grown by many gardeners. To reap a good harvest, you need to choose the right variety, taking into account the climatic characteristics of your region and provide the plant with quality care.
What does green beans look like?
Asparagus beans originate from the tropics of South America. Then they began to grow it in China. Gradually the culture spread throughout the world. It has different types: bush, semi-climbing and climbing.
Bush beans are considered low-growing and have shoots 25-45 cm long. Most often, they produce a harvest quite early. Moreover, this happens once. Semi-climbing plants are distinguished by shoots 1-1.5 m long. At the same time, climbing asparagus beans grow up to 2-5 m.
The appearance of the bushes depends on the type of crop
Pole beans can have cream, white or purple flowers. The pods are a narrow shell that has a cylindrical or flattened shape. Seeds ripen and are stored inside them.
The fruits are beans that are either vegetable or semi-vegetable. In the first case, the grains do not have hard fibers and are used for food. Semi-vegetable beans include coarse fragments and are used for livestock feed. The seeds are large in size. Their germination lasts on average for 2-4 years.
Note! Each variety has a unique fruit shape. They are straight, crescent-shaped or curved.
The culture is considered a heat-loving plant. Therefore, it can be planted in open ground only in suitable regions. Successful cultivation of the crop requires short daylight hours. Only in this case will fruits begin to form on the bushes. This means that in the spring it is better to plant bush varieties that quickly bear fruit. With the arrival of June, you can plant high-yielding plants.
Green beans – are they asparagus or not?
Asparagus is not a green bean. It began to be called asparagus because of the similarity in taste. Moreover, in biological terms, this plant is a direct relative of ordinary beans, but it has thinner and longer pods, inside of which there are no coarse fibers and films.
How to care for plants
In order for climbing beans to develop normally, they need to be provided with high-quality care.
Watering
It is important to ensure that the soil does not dry out or be too wet. Watering the bushes is required in the morning or evening. Water needs to be poured at the root.
The plant needs to be watered on time
Feeding
The plant can accumulate nitrogen, so this element is not required. Before flowering begins, the crop requires phosphorus-potassium compounds. Then they are applied every 2-3 weeks.
Garter
Climbing beans require a support of at least 1.5 m in size. Twine is needed to tie up the bushes. When the plant reaches 20 cm, it will climb up the rope on its own.
Diseases and pests
To avoid problems, you need to promptly control weeds and use a solution of Bordeaux mixture for spraying. Climbing beans often suffer from bacteriosis. They are associated with high humidity and poor ventilation.
Another problem is the damage to bushes by the sprout fly. It can lead to complete destruction of the fruit.
Important! Before planting and after harvesting, the soil must be carefully dug up. At the same time, it is prohibited to introduce fresh manure, since it contains many sprout flies.
Description of the best varieties of green beans for open ground
Today there are a large number of varieties of such beans, each of which has certain pros and cons.
Purple Queen Beans
Purple Queen is an early ripening bush variety. It is recommended to start collecting blades 55-60 days after the sprouts appear. The bushes grow up to 40 cm. At the same time, they are compact in size and are considered very stable. The shoulder blades are characterized by a dark purple, almost black color, and grow up to 12-15 cm.
The Purple Queen variety is characterized by unusual purple pods
Crane asparagus beans
This variety is considered early ripening. Crane asparagus beans bear fruit 50 days after the sprouts appear. The bushes reach a height of 50 cm. This long green bean has pods that grow up to 13 cm in length.
About pests
Green beans - growing and care
Beans are the easiest crop to grow. At the same time, the crop is often attacked by pests, which reduce all efforts to zero. The most dangerous crop pests are:
- Bean grain. The insect's habitat is southern regions with a warm climate. The pest is small in size (from 2 to 5 mm), black in color, with yellowish-gray hairs on the back. The body shape of beetles is round. The pest is heat-loving and can survive for about 3 months without feeding. Summer time is the period for laying eggs. Dies when cold weather sets in.
Bean grain
The insect penetrates the ripened beans and lays eggs there, spoiling the crop. Within about 3 weeks, the hatched larvae turn into pupae and fly away. Beans that have been damaged by the weevil cannot be used for food or sowing.
To prevent insects from appearing, you need to:
- Keep the harvested crop in a cool place;
- Plant the seed untouched by the weevil;
- Treat the infected crop with metaphos or decis. Spraying is carried out before the active color appears and 10 days after the first treatment;
- Harvest before the beans split.
- Sprout fly. The length of the pest is 5 mm. Color – gray, with three dark stripes on the back. Most of all, flies damage the sown material. Eggs laid in moist soil become larvae within 9 days. The larvae, starting to look for food, eat the sown beans, preventing them from germinating. As a result, the crop dies without sprouting. For the fly, the best habitat is considered to be the cool season.
Sprout fly
You can avoid germ flies by:
- Tilling the soil well before planting the seed. Before planting, the area must be cleared of weeds and other plant debris;
- Plant the seed as early as possible. It is recommended to plant in early May;
- Fertilize the soil in the fall, mixing it well with the soil;
- Pre-soak the seed for planting in a solution that stimulates growth.
- Slugs. It is a worm-shaped mollusk, the length of which can reach 7 cm. It secretes mucus, with the help of which it moves, leaving a characteristic mucous trail on the ground and foliage. The nocturnal pest hides from the sun's rays in damp shelters and feeds on leaves and young bean crops.
To combat slugs, superphosphate and ash are used. Mulching with nettle and henna also helps to repel pests. Since beans are not demanding in terms of content, it is enough to adhere to the minimum rules and recommendations in order to obtain abundant harvests of a product that is useful and necessary for the body.
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Yield varieties of green beans
A good yield parameter is considered to be the collection of 2-3 kg of shoots from 1 square meter of plantings. However, the efforts of breeders have led to the fact that there are varieties that bear 4-4.5 kg of fruit.
The most productive types of green beans include:
- Gerda is one of the best varieties. It is considered early ripening and is distinguished by its versatility in use. The liana reaches a height of 3 m. As it develops, many light yellow pods appear on it. The yield parameters are 4 kg per 1 square meter.
- Turkish - this variety is characterized by high yield. When using film shelters and supports, this parameter can reach 4.3-4.5 kg. The plant has long, light green pods that can be frozen and canned.
The Turkish variety is characterized by unusual variegated pods
Properties of culture
The first purpose of asparagus legume plants was considered to be decoration of areas. Further, while researching the product, the beans began to be used in cooking. Since ancient times, Cleopatra used crushed bean grains in cosmetology due to its beneficial composition.
Decorating areas with green beans
Vegetable and asparagus beans (differences)
The composition of bean pods includes:
- Carotene;
- Ascorbic and nicotinic acids;
- Tocopherol;
- B vitamins;
- Folic acid;
- Iron;
- Magnesium;
- Chromium;
- Zinc;
- Phosphorus;
- Lots of calcium;
- Copper;
- Sulfur.
Beans also contain many other useful microelements necessary to normalize metabolic processes and maintain the health of the whole body. The presence of quickly digestible proteins and complex carbons is considered particularly valuable. Due to the presence of a large amount of fiber, it is considered a valuable dietary product.
Important! The plant is not able to absorb harmful substances from the environment, which makes the fruits safe for health.
Microelements help cleanse the body of intestinal infections and increase immunity against external pathogens. Beans are indicated for people suffering from rheumatism, bronchitis and skin problems; for flu and colds, it is recommended to eat the product at least 2 times a week. Zinc and copper affect carbohydrate metabolism and normalize the natural production of hemoglobin.
On a note. From a medical point of view, asparagus is useful for preventive purposes against arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, urolithiasis and many others.
Care
Caring for plants when growing decorative climbing beans is very simple and will not burden you:
- The temperature must be at least 18 degrees. If weather conditions worsen, it is better to cover young shrubs with spunbond, protective film or other suitable material.
- Watering should be regular, especially in hot and dry weather. It is better to pour water between the rows and in such a way that it does not fall on the inflorescences.
- Make sure that there are not many weeds growing nearby - weed at the same time as watering.
- Any fertilizing will do - organic matter, superphosphate fertilizers. Only fresh manure is not recommended. The main thing is that no fertilizers, either dry or liquid, should fall on the leaves. Solutions, like water during regular irrigation, are applied between the rows.
- You can increase comfort for plants by mulching the soil. Sawdust, straw, and hay are suitable.
Decorative vine beans are a simple and effective solution for decorating your site and creating more pleasant conditions for relaxation. Choose varieties at your discretion, combine them, experimenting annually in practice, and you will certainly be able to choose the best option for you to decorate the landscape area near your home using very simple and affordable means.
