The best peach varieties for Russia: names with photos and descriptions

Classification of peach varieties by ripening time

This culture is not considered durable. All trees grow quickly and die at the same speed. In fact, several types of fruits are called peaches: nectarines, Potanin almonds and figs. There is a fourth type with pubescent fruit. They are called real peaches. All varieties differ from each other in frost resistance, fruit shape, and pulp taste. In each of the 4 groups, species differ in terms of maturation. When planting, you need to know such features in order to properly care for the tree.

Early peach varieties

Some species of this plant allow you to enjoy sweet fruits in the summer. For example, the Kiev early variety produces the first peaches within 3 years after planting. The tree blooms in May and produces future fruit until mid-July. In the second ten days of the month you can collect sweet fruits. This species is classified as high-yielding. From one plant you can collect up to 50 kg of fruit.

The first fruits on Greensboro trees appear within 2 years after planting. This type of peach is highly valued for its delicate and sweet taste, which is rated 4.8 out of 5. From a tree that has reached the age of 10 years, you can harvest up to 67 kg of harvest. Greensboro fruits are not suitable for transportation due to their tendency to darken with any deformation of the skin, so they can only be enjoyed in cold regions by growing the variety in a greenhouse.

Another popular type of early-ripening peaches is Redhaven. This variety is suitable for growing in central Russia, but only those seedlings that were purchased from local nurseries are suitable. Such trees are adapted to colder climates, which is why they tolerate winter better. Harvesting takes place from the 30th to the 40th day, starting from the 2nd decade of July. After 10 years of life, the tree can produce up to 110 kg of fruit. The best early peach varieties include:

• Morettini;
• May flower;
• Juicy;
• Fluffy early.

Attention!
The pollination period and fertilizer schedule depend on the timing of ripening. In order to systematically harvest a large harvest and have sweet fruits, you need to choose varieties with a low crown. Spreading branches are easier to form and care for. For cultivation in Russia, experienced gardeners choose low trees: they are convenient to harvest from. Early ripening peach species have tasty and aromatic fruits. Such trees grow no more than 5 meters in height. The first flowers may appear as early as April.

Varieties of medium-ripening peaches

All trees of this type produce a large harvest. They are valued for their resistance to frost. All varieties of medium-ripening peaches are suitable for planting in central Russia. These species grow more than 5 meters in height and have a spreading crown. These varieties are chosen for export because... they can easily be transported. The fruits do not darken due to damage, so they reach store shelves fresh.

The large-fruited Collins peach is one of the shortest mid-ripening varieties. Such trees reach only 3-3.5 m in height. Growth noticeably slows down after the start of fruiting. Already in August, sweet, round-shaped peaches with velvety skin appear on the branches. Their weight can reach 155 g. The color of the fruit is bright orange with a crimson blush. The tree easily survives winter if the temperature does not drop below -23°C.

Medium-season peach varieties include White Swan. When such a tree reaches the age of 6 years, up to 60 kg of fruit can be collected from it per season. You can pick sweet fruits in the 1st or 2nd decade of August. The flowers do not require pollination, so they easily survive in areas with a shortage of bees. Many people value this variety for its resistance to frost. The white swan survives at temperatures down to -30°C.

If a gardener wants to grow a beautiful tree on his plot that will produce large fruits, the Cardinal variety is suitable for him. Peaches on such a plant first appear 2-3 years after planting. This variety is valued for its high and stable yield. The cardinal does not like a lack or excess of moisture. The amount of harvest is affected by the frequency and appropriateness of fertilizing. You can collect fruits from mid-August until the second ten days of September.

Attention!

The Cardinal peach is afraid of frost, so in central Russia it can only be grown in greenhouses.

The artificially bred variety Golden Moscow appeared due to the crossing of the Elberta and Salvay species. Such a tree bears its first fruits starting from August 15th. Large peaches reach a weight of 185 g, and sometimes 200 g. Blush can occupy up to 75% of the skin. The pulp is juicy and aromatic, with a hint of sugar. Over the course of a year, Golden Moscow produces a harvest of up to 55 kg. Due to their high taste value and high vitamin content, the fruits are consumed fresh and are popular for making desserts.

The fruits of the columnar Balconella are valued for their bright taste. The pulp is juicy and smells pleasant. This low-growing variety has good frost resistance, but is not suitable for growing in northern regions. The tree reaches a height of only 1.5 m. The crown is neat and spherical. The first fruits appear on the branches in early or mid-August. The weight of one peach does not exceed 145 g.

The Augustine variety is popular because of the large fruits that first appear on the tree 2-3 years after the peach seedling is moved into open ground. They Fruits can weigh up to 200 g. The skin has slight pubescence and is marbled in color. The pulp is dense, with a sweet and sour taste. It separates from the pit relatively easily. This type of peach is easy to transport. During transportation, the fruits do not darken even from severe damage. Medium-late ripening varieties include:

• Saturn;
• Donskoy;
• Siberian;
• Kremlevsky.

Late peaches

From the moment of planting, the tree begins to bear fruit only after 5 years. These varieties are not suitable for cold climates. In central Russia, late peaches do not have time to ripen, so the pulp becomes sour. Because of this, these varieties are not grown in regions above the Rostov region. The first fruits appear on them only in mid-September. The harvest takes place until the beginning of October. The Crimea and the adjacent region are most suitable for growing such peaches.

Peach Jaminat is distinguished by oval fruits weighing up to 160 g. Their yellow flesh is sweet with sour notes. The skin is bright red, without spots. This variety begins to bear fruit in the first ten days of September. Jaminat is valued for its resistance to diseases and pests. Because of these characteristics, late-ripening peaches are often used for industrial cultivation.

The Frost variety came to Russia from America. Its fruits are large: they can reach a weight of 200 g. This peach is one of the most frost-resistant among late-ripening species. It can withstand temperatures down to -32°. The first fruits appear on the branches in September. Due to its fibrous structure, it is often used for making jams rather than fresh consumption. Frost is valued for its high yield.

The Elberta peach appeared thanks to American selection. Fruits weighing up to 150 g have ruddy skin with a rich yellow background. The oval fruit with an elongated nose is sweet, but has a slight sourness. This plant is considered the earliest of all late-ripening varieties. The harvest on the tree appears at the end of August (25-28th). Gardeners value Elberta for its resistance to weather changes and rapid growth.

Attention!

Late-maturing peach trees grow large and are therefore not suitable for small areas.

Juicy peach variety

In the past, gardeners dreamed of peaches that could be grown in all regions of the country, not just in the South.

Today, their dreams have come true: breeders have developed many interesting winter-hardy, frost-resistant varieties with different fruiting periods, fruit shapes and taste qualities.

Peach trees are divided into four groups (depending on the shape of the fruit):

1. The real peach is a plant with pubescent fruits.
2. Nectarine or starving peach.
3. Potanin's Peach (Potanin's Almond).
4. Fergana peach or fig (flattened fruit).

Peach trees are divided into four groups depending on the shape of the fruit.
The timing of fruit ripening, the flowering period - all this depends not only on the area where the tree is grown, but also on the characteristics of the variety:

1. Early ripening varieties produce their first fruits from July to August.
2. Mid-season varieties enter the fruiting phase in early August and produce harvests until September.
3. Late peaches ripen in the fall: September, early October.

The productivity of a plant depends on the correct choice of variety. When purchasing a seedling, you need to pay attention to several important points; we describe them:

1. Where did the seedling come from ? If the nursery is located in a different zone, then the seedling may die in the first year after planting or will constantly freeze. The variety must be zoned, and the nursery must be located in the same climatic zone (preferably even in the same region) where the tree will grow.
2. Inspection of the scion site . It should be smooth and even, without lumps or frozen juice.
3. The root system of the plant should have a fibrous shape. A single trunk root is not suitable.

Annual seedlings take root better and produce a faster harvest. When purchasing, it is better to focus on them, but choose strong, healthy plants, not frail twigs.

Frost-resistant varieties

Almost all varieties of peaches have always been positioned exclusively as southern plants. However, many varieties are also suitable for growing in mid-latitude or colder regions. Most of them are bred through selective breeding. Frost-resistant peaches can withstand temperatures down to -40°C. Such figures are relevant only for winter. After buds appear on the branches, the maximum permissible frost becomes -22°C, so late cold snaps can be fatal for the plant.

Winter-hardy varieties require more care. They need to be harvested on time. The lifespan of a tree is affected by the amount of fertilizing and the frequency of pruning. Frost resistance decreases if the gardener does not harvest on time. Overloading with fruits when the outside temperature drops sharply can destroy the plant. Also, resistance to cold decreases in peaches with age.

Babylonian

This variety was artificially bred from the Valiant and Miryanin species. It is often grown in the North Caucasus region. The trees are medium-sized with a spherical crown. This peach is valued by breeders for its large fruits weighing about 150 g. The pulp is sweet and sour, fibrous. It is difficult to separate the bone. Due to its bright taste, the fruit is often used for desserts. The Babylonian variety is classified as mid-season. The yield of this peach is high. Trees are not susceptible to powdery mildew.

What types of peaches are there?

Peach is a heat-loving crop and the vast majority grows in warm regions of our country. But as described above, today you can easily choose a variety that can grow even in places where summers are cool and winters are harsh. To do this, you just need to choose the right variety.

At the moment, all varieties of peach crops are classified according to the following criteria:

• early ripening varieties that are suitable for planting in southern latitudes;
• mid-season varieties, ideal for those areas where summers are cool and winters are severe;
• Late varieties of peaches are most often planted in temperate latitudes.

Well, now it’s worth taking a closer look at each type of peach crop and finding out which representatives are the best for planting and growing.

Self-pollinating self-fertile varieties

Such plants produce crops even when there is a shortage of bees. They need to be planted away from trees that are pollinated by insects. Experienced gardeners recommend placing several peaches of this type nearby. Cross pollination increases yield. However, these varieties also bear fruit well alone. They differ in frost resistance and fruiting time.

Self-pollinating species include:

1. Volcano. Gives a big harvest. Resistant to many diseases, including fungal diseases. Easily tolerates sudden changes in temperature. The first fruits ripen in August. The skin is covered with a red blush, through which a yellow background is visible. The pulp is dense.
2. Harnas. Differs in regularity of harvest. Resistant to prolonged frosts. The fruits are often used for making desserts and are rarely consumed raw. The variety is suitable for growing in cold regions, including Siberia. The fruits hold tightly to the stalks and do not fall off even after ripening.
3. Golden Jubilee. This type of peaches is often grown for sale. The sweet fruits are covered with yellow skin with a red blush, which makes the fruit even more appetizing. One tree yields up to 50 kg of peaches.

Attention!

Bees can damage self-pollinating varieties, so such plants should be planted away from trees and flowers that need insects to bear fruit.

Pros and cons of the variety

The key advantages of culture include the following:

• great taste;
• good appearance;
• high productivity;
• precociousness;
• high frost resistance in the growing region;
• resistance to return frosts;
• excellent transportability.

However, the plant also has certain disadvantages:

• susceptibility to frizz;
• the need to standardize yields.

The best varieties of peaches for different regions of Russia

It is impossible to name one universal type of this fruit that would grow equally well in any part of the country. In different regions of Russia, climatic conditions can be hot, dry, humid, or characterized by long winters. In order for the tree to bear fruit well and the harvest to be sweet, you need to choose a variety based on the weather that prevails in the area where the garden is located.

Peach varieties for the middle zone

The climate of the regions located in this part of Russia does not spare southern plants. Only frost-resistant peach varieties are chosen for the middle zone. Other types of this fruit will quickly die. Plants that need bright sun all summer are also not suitable. During the ripening period, the fruits do not have time to gain enough heat, which is why the pulp turns out sour and tasteless. Many of them die with the first frost, because... the temperature begins to drop rapidly. Only winter-hardy varieties are suitable for growing in the middle zone:

• Kyiv early;
• Cardinal;
• Collins;
• Kremlevsky;
• Redhaven;
• Lebedev;
• Golden Moscow;
• Flamingo.

Peaches varieties for the south of Russia

For such a climate, choosing fruits is not difficult. In the Volgograd, Astrakhan regions and other regions located in the south, most types of peaches grow well. The only requirement for all varieties is abundant watering, because... Due to the heat, the soil dries out quickly. However, no type of fruit tolerates too much water. Otherwise the trees are unpretentious. Can easily cope with direct sunlight. The fruits are sweet and rich in vitamins. The following varieties are suitable for cultivation in the south of Russia:

• New;
• Steppe turnip;
• Fig white;
• Saturn;
• Vladimir.

Attention!

Fruits must be picked as they ripen, otherwise they will begin to rot due to the heat.

Rainbow peach is self-pollinating. It does not tolerate frost well, so it is grown only in warm regions. The fruits of this variety are large: up to 200 g. The yellow skin is covered with bright crimson spots. The iridescent appearance of peaches is prized for their tender flesh that melts in your mouth. The bone comes off easily. The first fruits appear on the tree in mid-July.

Steinberg is a dwarf variety of peaches. The trees grow only up to 2 m in height. With a relatively small size, they produce large fruits weighing up to 205 g. The peach can bear fruit for 15 years in a row. The fruit is valued for its tender and juicy pulp with a distinct taste. This species is completely immune to fungal diseases and is not afraid of overwatering or heavy rainfall.

Peach varieties for Kuban

To choose a plant that will delight you with its fruits every year, you need to pay attention to the soil. In the Krasnodar Territory, the soil varies, which is why not every variety gets along. The climate of Kuban is quite balanced, so many types of peaches can be grown in this region. In winter, the cold does not drop below -25°, so trees do not require increased frost resistance. Summer is warm enough for even late varieties to ripen.

Saturn peaches are often grown in Krasnodar. The fruits are small: weighing up to 100 g. Many breeders value this variety for the very sweet taste of the pulp. Unlike other species, Saturn does not have a sour taste. Fruits can be transported over long distances: they do not spoil too quickly and do not darken from deformation. The stone is easily separated from the pulp. The top of the fruit is covered with a delicate yellow skin with red barrels.

Another variety popular for growing in the territory of the former Kuban is Semirenko. These peaches are suitable for trade due to their sweet flesh and pleasant aroma. The first fruits from the trees can be collected in early July. The fruits are small: on average they weigh 120 g. The variety is resistant to diseases, so even a gardener without experience in growing southern fruits can cope with the care. The fruits are round in shape and have a fluffy, carmine-colored skin. The dark pulp has a pleasant smell and is difficult to separate from the stone.

Veteran is a large peach variety for Kuban, the fruits of which reach a weight of 160 g. The tree grows up to 5 meters. The crown is large and dense. The pulp is sweet, dense, with a slight sour aftertaste. In one season, Veteran produces up to 50 kg of harvest. Most of the fruits on the tree ripen at the end of August. Fruits do not spoil for a long time, so they are suitable for transportation. Also, the flesh does not darken from blows and cuts. This variety of peaches is not difficult to grow because... They are resistant to most diseases and pests. The veteran is not susceptible to powdery mildew and clasterosporiasis.

Not less often, the Autumn Blush peach is grown on the territory of the former Kuban. This variety produces gigantic fruits: up to 200 g. The pulp is not too juicy, with a bright sweet and sour taste. Cover the outside of the fruit with cream-colored skin. Thanks to their tender pulp, the fruits are equally often eaten raw and made into juices, preserves or jams. Autumn blush easily tolerates transportation, so it is often grown for sale. The best varieties of peaches for the Krasnodar region:

• Golden Jubilee;
• Early Kuban;
• Springold;
• Morettini's favorite;
• Redhaven;
• Collins.

Attention!

To grow in these weather conditions, you need peaches that are moderately resistant to cold.

The Boxer variety is popular in Kuban. It does not require special care and is not picky about the soil. The harvest will be equally rich for trees growing in clay soils and on sand. The fruits of this variety are completely pubescent. The plant is winter-hardy and easily copes with temperatures up to 30°. The weight of one fruit can reach 140 g. More than 80% of the surface of the skin is occupied by a red blush.

The best late-ripening species

If you are interested in a late-ripening peach variety, then in this case, too, the breeders did a great job. Let's start with the fact that growing just such varieties is quite profitable. First of all, late-ripening varieties are distinguished by their delightful taste, keeping quality of fruits, good transportability and especially large fruits.

And such varieties begin to ripen mainly in September. It is worth highlighting that there are varieties that delight with a ripe harvest even in October.

So, the best late varieties of peaches:

• peach variety Jaminat;
• the best variety of our time, Elberta;
• and the universal species Ingarai late.

It is worth highlighting that all three varieties described above were selected as the best for a reason. The fact is that they are the ones that are most popular among gardeners, even despite the fact that breeders regularly breed new peach species.

Peach Jaminate

This variety appeared thanks to the efforts of Dagestan breeders, who endowed the culture with the following positive qualities:

• large fruits, weighing about 170 g;
• honey taste;
• resistance to frost;
• good immunity to curl and clasterosporiasis.

As for the tree, it does not grow very tall, but the crown is powerful and spreading. One of the main advantages of this variety is that it produces high yields every year. So, literally from one crop you can get about 90 kg of delicious peaches.

Elberta

The next variety is rightfully considered the best. The fact is that Elberta is endowed with unique characteristics, namely:

• the fruits are very shelf-stable;
• peaches of this variety can be transported without difficulty for a whole week;
• the weight of the fruit reaches 160 grams;
• the tree itself is very tall with a spreading crown;
• the average yield from one tree can be up to 160 kg;
• high levels of resistance to disease and frost.

It is worth noting that Elberta has been extremely popular for decades. And today, despite the wide range of peach varieties, gardeners most often choose Elberta.

Irganaysky late

And the last variety, which also deserves your attention, is Irganaysky late. The main advantage of this species is its high yield even in a cold climate zone. In addition, this variety of peach has many more undeniable advantages, namely:

• large fruits, weighing up to 160 g;
• very sweet to taste;
• high yield rates;
• easy to transport;
• The shelf life is approximately 2 weeks without loss.

It is also worth highlighting that this variety of peaches is capable of regularly yielding literally from one tree up to 130 kg of tasty and very juicy fruits.

So, we looked at the most popular types of peach crops, which bring good harvests in September. But this article would be incomplete without a description of varieties that resist frost well.

Mid-early varieties include:

White Swan

Variety "White Swan"

Ripening - second half of August

This is a dessert variety of peach, it has a high sugar content. Very good for making compotes, jams, desserts, wine. A tree with an extensive crown, up to 6 meters high, has high yields and excellent frost resistance - up to -25. This variety is resistant to dry weather and disease. The weight of the fetus reaches up to 250 grams. The color of peaches is yellow with a pink tint. The fruits tolerate travel and long-term storage well.

Golden Jubilee

Variety "Golden Jubilee"

Ripening - second half of August

The fruits of this variety are transportable and have excellent taste. Average weight is 150 grams. The skin is edged, dense, with a golden-yellow tint and a dark red blush. Shelf life: up to 8 days. "Golden Jubilee" has good winter hardiness and high yield - up to 50 kg per tree. Begins to bear fruit at the age of three.

Forest-steppe early

Variety "Forest-steppe early"

Ripening - second half of August

The variety has increased resistance to cold winters and early frosts. A tree of medium height with a wide crown and medium density. Fruiting begins in the fourth year after planting. Good resistance to powdery mildew. The average fruit weight is 110 grams. The color of the peach is creamy, with a pink blush, and rough. The taste is sweet and sour, juicy, very pleasant. Storage - 5-8 days from the date of fruit collection.

Regional features

It is recommended to choose peach varieties taking into account the climate of the region. Only in this case will it be possible to achieve good results.

South

Peaches grow well in the southern regions. When choosing a plant, you should focus on the composition of the soil and the depth of groundwater. Gardeners advise choosing varieties Vladimir, Novy, Saturn.

Middle lane

In this case, you should focus on the plant’s resistance to frost. The middle zone is characterized by recurrent frosts. They provoke damage to fruit buds and ovaries. It is best to choose Collins and Cardinal varieties.

Ural and Siberia

The Urals are characterized by hot summers and long winters. Only zoned varieties are suitable for cultivation in this region. The peaches Veteran, Zolotaya Moskva, and Skazka bear fruit well.

Crops with high frost resistance are suitable for Siberia. Excellent options would be Siberian and Flamingo.

Northwestern District

This region is characterized by cool summers and frosty winters. It is best to plant early peaches, which are frost-resistant. These include Golden Moscow, Cardinal.

In Crimea

Peaches grow well in Crimea. But sometimes they are affected by return frosts. Good varieties include Sovetsky, Cardinal, Krasnoshchekiy.

Far Eastern

Varieties imported from China are suitable for this region. They are able to tolerate frosts down to -25 degrees.

Krasnodar region

Peaches grow well in this region. The best crops to grow are steppe turnip, Novy, Saturn.

Kuban

For this region, varieties that tolerate frost and do not suffer from diseases are suitable. Good options include Earlired and Sunhaven.

The most popular early varieties include:

Morettini's favorite

Ripening - early July

Italian variety with fruits weighing 70-90 grams. Fruiting begins in the second or third year after planting. The fruits are yellow with a red blush, the skin is rough with a pronounced seam in the middle, the taste is juicy and sweet. The shelf life of the fruit is 3-4 days, which makes this variety extremely inconvenient for transportation. Has average winter hardiness.

Kyiv early

Ripening - mid-July

This is an industrial grade. The trees are of medium height and have a spherical crown. Kyiv early fruiting begins in the third year of planting. It is quite winter-hardy, can withstand temperatures down to -25 degrees. By mid-July the fruits ripen. The variety is high-yielding - up to 50-70 kg of peaches per tree. The average fruit weight is 90-150 grams.