Pepper is a heat-loving and capricious crop, so it is not easy for gardeners living in cold climates to grow it. It is important to create optimal growing conditions, apply fertilizing correctly and in the right amount, and most importantly, choose the right watering regime.
In this article we will tell you how often to water peppers in a greenhouse and what gardeners who grow this crop in a greenhouse should remember.
Features of watering peppers in a greenhouse
Different varieties of peppers differ not only in taste and appearance, but also in their growing season. That is why their care should be different. The main requirements suitable for any variety are that the water for irrigation should not be very cold and the soil should be kept constantly moist. Proper watering is very important, because from a lack of water the fruits will be hard and dry.
Description of pepper fruits
The fruit is false hollow and has two or four sockets with a pulp wall thickness of 1 to 10 mm, depending on the type and cultivation environment. Shapes, surfaces, colors and sizes can also be different. The more common cone-shaped, pyramidal, round or round-flat shape of the fruit. The surface is mostly flat, smooth, sometimes slightly or even strongly ribbed. When forming, the fruits acquire a light green, dark green, white, yellow color, and when ripened, the color becomes bright red, dark red, orange-red, orange or yellow. The length of the fruit can reach 25 centimeters, with a diameter of 1 – 15 centimeters and a weight of 5 – 200 grams or more. The fruits have excellent taste and a pronounced aroma. Hot varieties of pepper, depending on the variety and growing conditions, form large or small fruits from 2 to 12 centimeters long, with a smooth or curved shape. The color when ripe is bright red, dark red, brown, orange or lemon. The taste of the fruit can be very spicy, spicy or semi-sharp. Pepper seeds are pale yellow in color, smooth in structure, flat or slightly curved in shape.
Water composition and temperature
Peppers are watered with warm water, but this does not mean that it needs to be heated. It is enough to place a large barrel in a sunny place on the site. If the weather is hot, then watering is done in the morning, but if it is cool outside, then irrigation is done in the evening.
It is best to water the plants not with tap water, but with well water, which must first be settled. It contains important microelements that promote growth and fruiting. Another option is to add mineral fertilizers to the water for irrigation.
Advice from gardeners
Experienced farmers advise watering peppers with warm, settled water. If there is no other water other than tap water, then it must be left for a day. Hard ones are softened with wood ash. For 1 bucket you will need 0.5 cups of powder. Plants respond well to melt and rain water at a temperature of 22-23°C. If the bushes begin to grow poorly, their development is inhibited, it is advisable to add organic and mineral compounds to the water. Diluted fresh manure is considered an excellent fertilizer. The working solution is prepared from 1 part mullein and 10 parts water. Make furrows between the plants and pour the prepared solution into them.
Pepper bushes need staking because they have fragile shoots, and if the fruits grow large and fleshy, they will break. Plants may disappear if they are not watered correctly. It is best to carry out irrigation through plastic pipes installed along the length of the beds. This approach will allow for more efficient use of water, which penetrates directly to the roots. Sandy soil will need to be watered frequently.
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Every gardener can grow good sweet peppers. To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of caring for the plant. High-quality and proper watering and fertilization are of great importance. Moisture deficiency negatively affects fruiting, resulting in ugly, small and tasteless peppers with thin walls.
How often and correctly to water peppers in a greenhouse at different stages of their growth
To ensure that the harvest does not disappoint, when watering it is necessary to take into account the growth phases; in this case, optimal conditions for the development of the plant are provided.
Bloom
The roots of peppers are small and shallow. Flowering (usually in late June-early July) takes a lot of energy from the plant, so you need to water more often. The ideal option is twice a week. The average water requirement is 2 liters for each bush.
The amount of water depends on the temperature. When it goes up, it needs to be increased, when it goes down, it needs to be reduced. If the greens begin to wilt, more water is also required, otherwise the flowers will begin to fall off. But it is important not to overdo it to prevent the formation of stagnant water.
Fruiting
When the fruits begin to ripen (late July-August), you need to water more often, but less. Depending on the soil, variety, and air temperature, the frequency of watering is adjusted to once every two days.
Once the peppers are ripe, they need to be watered every 3-4 days. Low-growing plants require 2 liters of water at a time, tall plants - 4-5 liters.
To protect the soil from drying out, you can mulch it with organic matter - grass clippings, hay, wood chips.
Application rates
Watering peppers in the greenhouse after planting is carried out strictly according to the instructions, since we need to pour in as much water as the crop requires.
If manual soil moistening is carried out, then 500 ml of warm, settled water should be poured under 1 bush. In this case, the norm corresponds to a substrate rich in microelements and humus.
Poor sandy soil has its own “standards” for irrigation. Pepper in such a substrate requires more moisture, since sandy soils do not retain water. You will need to apply 1 liter for each plant. Soil humidity should be at least 70%, and air humidity - about 60%. In the case when watering pepper is automated, it is necessary to use 10-15% less water for watering each square, since automatic systems accurately calculate the application rate without errors.
Methods for watering peppers in a greenhouse
The methods by which irrigation is carried out may vary. When making a choice, you need to take into account the size of the greenhouse and the variety of peppers.
Auto
A “smart” greenhouse saves its owners time and effort. It is possible to automate not only watering peppers in a greenhouse, but also ventilation, lighting levels, and air temperature. Irrigation in this case is most often done using the drip method. This option saves water and is characterized by uniform supply. The soil is properly moistened, which affects the harvest.
Additional convenience - remote control. The downside is the fairly high cost. A pump connection or water intake from a water supply system is required.
Mechanical
This is a similar option, but easier to maintain. A large tank is installed next to the greenhouse, which should be located as high as possible. Plastic pipes connected to the tank are laid along the beds. Drip tapes connect the pipes to the plants.
This method has undeniable advantages:
- Economical use of water.
- Less time is spent on watering.
- Watering is done evenly, the soil is kept moist.
- Watering is conveniently combined with fertilizing. Just pour the fertilizer solution into the tank.
But there are also disadvantages. Constant monitoring is required to ensure that the water pressure remains at the proper level. Drippers often become clogged with soil particles, so the system needs to be cleaned regularly.
Manual
If the greenhouse is small, then there is no point in installing an expensive irrigation system. In this case, manual watering is used using an ordinary watering can. In order not to harm the plant, you need to make sure that water does not get on it. In addition, it is unacceptable to pour water in a strong stream in large quantities, otherwise it will lead to erosion of the soil.
Combined
Watering can be successfully organized by combining manual and automatic control of the irrigation system. This is advisable in cases where the power supply is unstable, crop watering regimes vary, and the water pressure is weak enough for good irrigation.
The disadvantage of such a system is its high cost. It is necessary not only to equip the automation, but also to install a large container for collecting water.
Sprinkler
This is watering that simulates raindrops. Not the most popular option, as it is not recommended for use on sunny days, during flowering and in a greenhouse, as it causes excessive humidity.
Drip
The ideal way to irrigate peppers. Water is supplied directly to the root; fertilizers do not reach the shoot. Along the beds, pipes are laid on the soil, having a small hole opposite each bush. Water is supplied through them and seeps through the holes to the plants.
Watering methods
One of the priorities for successfully growing peppers in a greenhouse is organizing the correct balance of humidity, as well as air temperature and soil mineralization. In the case of humidity, the ideal value is 70%, but when it comes to fruit ripening, the amount of moisture is increased to 80%. Let's look at the basic watering methods.
Manual
The manual watering method is suitable only for small areas used in the household. When it comes to large greenhouses, the manual method is ineffective and not applicable. In spring, seedlings should be watered only in the morning to avoid freezing at night.
In June-July, watering is carried out in the morning and evening, pouring at least 1 liter of water under each bush. In August and September, the regime is adjusted depending on the weather and air temperature. You can continue watering twice a day until November.
Auto
As an optimal and economical option for automatic watering, it is recommended to use the drip method. Drip irrigation consists of a series of interconnected tubes with small holes that are located at the bottom, near the stems of plants.
Automated sensors regulate the water supply. This computerized system controls the duration and timing of watering. Installing such a system is a fairly simple undertaking.
All you need is a pump, tubes with holes at the desired pitch, and a sensor that can be adjusted to the optimal mode. Drip irrigation will save water by using it with maximum efficiency.
Important! Considering the fact that to ensure the operation of pumping stations you will need electricity, you should make sure that there will be no problems with its supply. If there is no such guarantee, you should install a water tank in the area of the greenhouse, or use a backup irrigation system, such as a manual irrigation system.
Mechanical
The mechanical method of irrigating a site differs from the automatic method in that it requires human participation. This method uses hoses that are connected to sprinklers and irrigators, from where water is sprayed in a certain area over the entire surface of the earth. This method is not economical in water consumption, but is cheaper than installing automatic irrigation systems.
Here you will open the tap yourself and supply water to the hoses, which you will also connect to the sprinklers yourself. Watering time with such a system is limited to 20–30 minutes in the morning and evening, because unlike the drip method, here a much larger amount of water will be poured onto the garden bed.
The nuances of watering peppers in different types of greenhouses
Irrigation of pepper depends not only on the plant variety, but also on the greenhouse in which it is located.
How to water peppers in a polycarbonate greenhouse
Such greenhouses are most widespread among gardeners. They are easy to use, durable, transmit sunlight well and retain heat inside well.
The greenhouse should be ventilated as often as possible, thus controlling air humidity. You should not grow both bitter and sweet peppers in close proximity to each other. This will ruin the taste and sweet varieties will become bitter.
When using a mechanical watering method, you should not lay soft pipes in the greenhouse. The fact is that they can burst if they cannot withstand the pressure of water. During ripening, watering the plants stops. The less moisture there is, the faster the fruits will reach ripeness.
How to water peppers in a greenhouse under film
Such structures are small in height and do not provide the ability to regulate the temperature inside. Therefore, peppers planted in such a greenhouse must be watered with heated water if the temperature outside drops.
After planting the seedlings (late May-early June), watering must be done very carefully so as not to over-moisten the soil and damage the fragile roots of the seedlings. A single dose of water for one plant is approximately 100 ml, it must be watered every day. Good results are obtained by mulching the soil, which helps normalize air humidity and temperature. The mulch layer should reach 7-10 cm.
Features of cultivation
The first stage is the selection of seeds for sowing.
They must be fresh; already two years after collection, the germination of seeds decreases sharply. Before sowing, the material can be soaked for 10-12 hours in a growth stimulator solution. After this, the seeds are washed and wrapped in damp cotton cloth for pecking.
For greenhouse cultivation, seeds can be sown in peat pots or boxes. Planting is carried out in February or early March, since the germination period takes at least 7 days, and often lasts up to a month. The depth of seed placement should not exceed 10 mm. The container with seeds is covered with glass or film and placed in a warm, well-lit place.
Seedlings can be grown in an apartment or in a year-round heated greenhouse. For successful germination, pepper seeds need good humidity and a temperature of 20-25ºC. After the entrances appear, the temperature in the room is lowered, the plants begin to harden, removing the glass for certain periods of time.
2 weeks after the entrances appear, the seedlings are watered with a solution of complex mineral fertilizers. At the age of 2 months, the grown peppers are quite ready to be transplanted to a permanent place in the greenhouse. Plants are placed at a distance of 30 cm from each other.
The soil should be fairly light and neutral acidity. It is recommended to add peat and sand to garden soil. The soil must be well loosened and ash, humus or mineral fertilizers (potassium, superphosphate) added to it.
It is not recommended to apply fresh manure; it can lead to massive falling off of flowers and excessive growth of bushes.
The basis for caring for peppers is timely watering with warm, settled water. Watering is carried out only at the root. The plants are very moisture-loving and cannot tolerate even short-term drought. Keeping containers of water open and frequent watering of the floor and glass will help maintain the humidity level in the greenhouse.
From time to time the greenhouse needs to be ventilated. The ideal temperature is 18-25ºC; sudden cold snaps or sweltering heat are equally undesirable. Plants do not tolerate average daily temperature changes.
Pepper loves frequent and abundant feeding. Some vegetable growers add a weak mullein solution with each watering. Balanced mineral complexes can also be added to the soil. After a year of intensive use, the top layer of soil in the greenhouse must be completely replaced, this helps to increase productivity.
Bell peppers do not tolerate heavy, compacted soil well, reacting with slow growth and lack of ovaries. At least once a week it is necessary to loosen the soil between the plants, ensuring a flow of oxygen to the roots.
If regular loosening is not possible, the soil should be mulched with humus, sawdust, straw or sunflower seed husks.
A hole is left around each plant for watering. For proper development of the bush and formation of ovaries, regular removal of leaves on each plant is necessary. No more than 2 strong side shoots are left on the bush, the rest are pinched.
Leaves and shoots below the main branching zone must be removed. This technique promotes proper insolation; the plant does not waste energy on growing green mass, concentrating on the formation of ovaries.
Pepper bushes are very fragile and can be easily damaged during processing. For greenhouses, it is better to choose compact plants that do not have spreading side shoots. Stretched stems must be tied up, otherwise they will break under the weight of the fruit.
The time to harvest the fruits depends on how long they are going to be stored. Technologically mature peppers are ideal for transportation and sale. At this stage, the fruits are fully formed and their color varies from green to yellowish.
Peppers of full physiological maturity have a bright color, fully consistent with the variety, and a pronounced taste. Such fruits should be eaten immediately; they cannot be stored. The harvest is harvested in the morning, carefully cutting or picking the fruits along with the short stalk.
Tasty and juicy bell peppers are quite unpretentious. With a well-equipped greenhouse, following the watering and fertilizing regime, even an inexperienced vegetable grower can achieve excellent harvests. Having obtained good results, you can begin experimenting with varieties and even breeding work.
For useful tips on growing peppers in a greenhouse, watch the video below:
The combination of watering and fertilizing peppers
Peppers are fertilized approximately once every 2-4 weeks. It is convenient to dissolve the fertilizer in water for irrigation.
In spring, plants are fed with nitrogen fertilizers; they have a good effect on the growth and development of shoots. But you should not abuse them, otherwise the harvest will contain an excessive amount of nitrates. Potassium and phosphorus substrates will come in handy in the fall.
To obtain a good harvest, potassium solution is added to the water in a ratio of 1:10. You can use chicken manure in a ratio of 1:12. Five liters of this solution is enough to water 1 m² of soil.
The use of wood ash has proven itself well. You will need approximately 150 g per square meter. Nettle infusion will provide protection from diseases and pests.
It is important to remember that peppers prefer balanced fertilizers, which must contain urea (about 10 g) and superphosphate (half as much).
Care
The temperature in the greenhouse for peppers should be at least +16 degrees. Sweet pepper is a heat-loving plant, but the temperature should not exceed 35 degrees. In this case, it is necessary to create a shadow for the pepper.
Peppers need to be watered frequently with a small amount of water. Don't water too much - the roots may start to rot.
After the first feeding described above, the second is carried out 2 weeks later. It is made from the same ingredients, but the minerals in the composition are doubled.
It is also very useful to feed peppers with nettle infusion. To prepare it, mix nettle with water 1:10 and let it brew for two days. During the season it is necessary to fertilize with chicken manure 4 times, mixing it with water 1:10. This type of fertilizer should be alternated with foliar fertilizer, for example, with a mineral fertilizer such as nitrophoska. 1 tablespoon should be diluted with a bucket of water.
In hot, humid weather, it is necessary to remove side shoots, especially on the lower stepsons. If the weather is dry, then this is not worth doing. It is also worth removing from the bush the flower that is located in the center and grows from the first branch. This will help you get more harvest.
During the growing season, peppers must be pruned, removing the longest shoots - shoots located below the main fork of the stem and inside the crown. Carry out this event once every 10 days.
Peppers need to be mulched with straw in a layer of about 10 centimeters. Thanks to this, the plant can be watered less often, and it will also be protected from diseases. Straw does not allow the sun to pass through, so use it in unheated greenhouses only after frost. And if the greenhouse has heating, then you can mulch the peppers at any time after planting.
It is also necessary to tie up the pepper, as it is very fragile. This is done after mulching. It is best to tie it to a trellis installation, but you can simply tie it to pegs. Be careful not to damage the plant.
When to stop watering peppers in a greenhouse
Peppers need watering almost the entire time they are growing. The exception is during harvest time. It is believed that this technique allows you to prolong the growing season, stimulate the appearance of new flowers and wait for another harvest.
Healthy! If your peppers are attacked by aphids, treat them with a solution of laundry soap (300 grams) dissolved in warm water (10 liters), for a better effect you can add 1 tbsp. soda Also note that aphids live in symbiosis with ants; you can get rid of the latter by watering their clutches with boiling water.
A little about pepper
Why is it important to know how often to water your peppers? The fact is that timely irrigation is the main factor in the development of ovaries and the subsequent growth of both the plant itself and the ripening of its fruits.
Like all southern crops, peppers love warmth, which is why greenhouse conditions are created for them in the northern regions of Russia.
This crop is southern and moisture-loving, so the resulting crust on the soil surface may not allow water to pass through well, thereby retarding the growth of seedlings.
Loosening the top layer will help prevent the soil from becoming stale. This is done after the watering process to ensure air permeability of the roots with caution. The roots are close to the surface of the earth and do not like to be touched.
Excess moisture can also have a detrimental effect on the root system and lead to rotting. Gray rot on bushes spreads due to excess moisture and low air temperature. During flowering, hand watering must be done extremely carefully so as not to damage the flowers.
The pollen in them can be washed into the ground if moisture comes from above in the form of rain. In order for the pollen to linger on the pistil and stamens, watering should be carried out to the very roots, without touching the tops.
Drought is the worst enemy of plants. Thin walls of the fruit indicate a lack of water during flowering, the formation of ovaries, and their subsequent ripening. And excess nitrogen can cause the plant to remain without color and not produce a harvest.
Lack of potassium and calcium contributes to the development of blossom end rot. First, a small spot appears at the top of the bush, and then it rots. A simple feeding will help correct this defect. Lack of minerals and poor lighting lead to color fading.
Improper pollination also causes flower rejection. If the insects are not working well, then in the afternoon it is enough to shake the flowering tops and they will pollinate themselves.
Improper watering of pepper and its consequences
Many gardeners who do not have sufficient experience adhere to the “more is better” attitude when watering, especially if the weather is hot. This is a fundamentally wrong opinion.
Excess water will not harm the plant only if watering is done early in the morning. Then, by mid-day, the water will have time to soak into the soil, and the pepper will not be harmed.
But waterlogging the soil in the middle of the day poses a serious threat to plants. The fact is that the drops remaining on the shoot play the role of many magnifying glasses. The leaves suffer from severe burns.
The water does not have time to evaporate, so a hard crust forms on the soil. The roots begin to dry out, which can lead to the death of the shoot. A plant experiencing excess moisture grows poorly, drops flowers, and does not form an ovary.
Drip irrigation from a plastic bottle
Homemade drip irrigation for peppers can be made from ordinary plastic bottles. To do this, bottles of water are dug into the ground between the bushes, having previously made holes in the lids or bottom, from which water will flow into the ground and nourish the plants.
You can read more about how to make drip irrigation from plastic bottles in our article: How to make drip irrigation from plastic bottles.
Tips from Mister Summer Resident
- Water for irrigation should be moderately warm and settled.
- After the shoots have finished developing, fertilizers are added to the water.
- A good fertilizer is manure diluted in water. One part of manure is dissolved in 10 parts of water. This fertilizing is applied not under the plant, but in the grooves between them.
- The addition of superphosphate and urea shows excellent results. For 10 liters of water, 10 g of urea and twice as much superphosphate are required. The amount of solution per bush is 500 ml.
- Pepper stems are quite fragile and often break off under the weight of the fruit. Therefore they need to be tied up.
- If the water is hard, you should add wood ash to it at the rate of half a glass of ash per bucket of water. This will achieve softness.
- The best option is rainwater.
- Sandy soils drain moisture well, so in this case you need to water more often.
- If you see a fungus on the glass of a greenhouse that has formed due to excessive watering, it must be removed immediately, since it is dangerous not only for the plants, but also for ourselves.
What water to water plants
Cold well or well water in a hot greenhouse can stress plants. Water heated to +20…+23 degrees the day before and settled, poured in advance into large containers, is much better suited. It is also not recommended to water with very warm water (above +40 degrees).
Important. The water should not be overly salty or chlorinated. It is better to first soften water with increased hardness by adding wood ash: half a glass per 10 liters of water. Rainwater is also a great option, and melt water is even better. |
Photo pixabay/pixel2013: The ideal option would be rain or melt water.
Feeding peppers in a greenhouse: a few words
To make the harvest worth the effort and please the gardener, peppers must be fertilized. Let's consider optimal feeding schemes.
- Immediately after transplanting to a permanent place, seedlings are fertilized with an aqueous solution of mullein (1:10) or chicken manure (1:12). Consumption - 5 liters per square meter.
- Wood ash is added in the amount of 150 g per square meter.
- The fertilizer should contain urea (10 g) and superphosphate (5 g). Calculations are given for a bucket of water. You can add a few drops of iodine.
Many people think that growing a good pepper crop is difficult. But if you follow simple recommendations, success will await any attentive gardener.
Basic mistakes when watering
Improper irrigation can provoke the development of rot or fungal infections. Often inexperienced gardeners make the following mistakes:
Error | Its description and solution |
Use of low-quality pipes | It’s better not to save on pipes, because... they must withstand a certain water pressure and be durable. Thin, soft pipes should not be used. It is better to buy hard plastic ones that can be used for up to 5 years. |
Untimely loosening of the soil | It is carried out only after watering. If you loosen the soil before irrigation, there will be no positive effect or benefit. This should be done a day after watering to remove the soil crust. Another mistake is inaccurate loosening. You don’t need to bury the hoe into the ground very deeply so as not to touch the roots. |
Excessive watering during flowering | There is a risk of flowers falling off, which will reduce the harvest several times. Therefore, during the flowering period, the amount of irrigation must be reduced. |
Excess nitrogen | It is applied only when growing seeds. When the plant is formed, there is no need for this fertilizer. An excess of nitrogen does not allow the plant to absorb potassium, which can slow down the flowering process or stop it altogether. Therefore, it is better not to fertilize with nitrogen during the growing season. |
Very high room temperature | Pepper does not tolerate extreme heat and in conditions of elevated temperature (from 35˚C) the inflorescences fall off en masse. It is important that the air temperature in the greenhouse is 28-30˚C. |
Always look at the condition of the soil. If it is dry and looks like sand, then urgent, abundant watering is needed. If the soil easily rolls into a ball and sticks to your hands, stop irrigation for 2 weeks. If it simply rolls into a ball, but does not stick to your palms, the next moistening of the soil is carried out in a week.
What are the dangers of overwatering?
Many novice farmers believe that if peppers need frequent watering, there is no harm in overwatering them. Especially if it’s hot or dry outside. This is a wrong opinion.
Overwatering the peppers will not harm you only if you water them at dawn. In this case, the water will be absorbed before noon and the plant may not be damaged.
If you overwater peppers when the sun is shining brightly, the damage to the plants will be enormous. Why is this happening? Drops of water remain on the stem and leaves, and acquire the properties of a magnifying glass. The plant receives severe burns.
Since water cannot evaporate quickly, a crust forms on the surface of the earth, which subsequently cracks. The roots dry out and the plant may die.
Excessive watering inhibits plant development. It becomes lethargic and grows slowly. It begins to hurt, flowers fall off, and ovaries do not form.
The dangers of waterlogging the soil
Peppers should be watered only with warm water.
Over-watering is dangerous due to the development of fungal infections. Gray rot, root rot, black leg, and late blight may occur. They infect the plant first in the root system, then on the leaves, after which the fungus spreads to the fruits. The result is spoiled peppercorns that are prohibited for consumption.
Remember, fungal spores can be found not only in the soil, but also on the glass of a polycarbonate greenhouse. Therefore, it is important to regularly carry out wet cleaning and wipe windows with soapy water.
If irrigation is carried out with cold water, the plant may freeze. This will stop the growth of bushes and the formation of ovaries. Therefore, it is important to adhere to the water temperature, which is 20-25 ˚С.
HOW TO CARE FOR PEPPER DURING THE FRUITING PERIOD
In most regions of Russia, early and mid-early varieties and hybrids of pepper are usually grown so that in a fairly short summer they have time to fully ripen. From sowing of seedlings to the beginning of fruiting, as a rule, it takes them from 100 to 115 days.
Feeding during the fruiting period. Fruit ripening in pepper occurs in waves. The peppers from the lower tier are ready for harvest first, then the middle ones, and later the upper ones. After collecting peppers from each tier, the plants must be fed.
Feed only with natural fertilizer - either fermented grass or mullein solution. In both cases, wood ash is added to them. Feed at the rate of 1 watering can for four plants.
Before fertilizing, the plants must be well watered with clean, warm water so as not to burn the roots. You can also carry out two separate feedings with a solution of wood ash (1 glass per bucket of water). Ash is rich in potassium. And fruits need potassium to extend their shelf life.
Gardeners often argue about the timing of fruit harvesting. Experts recommend harvesting peppers in the technical maturity phase, that is, when the fruits have fully reached their size, but have not yet turned into the varietal color.
There is also biological maturity, when the fruit has reached the desired size and is colored in the appropriate color (yellow, red, green, orange). It occurs approximately a month after the technical one.
If you keep the fruits on the bushes for so long, the harvest will be at least half as large. And there is no point in this, since peppers picked at technical maturity and stored in a warm, dry place will certainly “reach” the desired condition. But the extra fruits will not deprive the plant of the strength it needs to form and ripen new peppers.