Chicken manure as fertilizer and food for potatoes

Fertilizing potatoes with poultry manure

Many summer residents keep chickens not only for the sake of environmentally friendly eggs, but also to obtain valuable fertilizer - chicken droppings. It can be used for tomatoes, cucumbers, zucchini, peppers, as well as for some root vegetables, including potatoes.

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In terms of nutritional value, chicken manure is far ahead of cow and horse manure. It contains elements necessary for plant development - fiber, protein, fat, ash, nitrogen-free compounds, important microelements, biologically active substances. There is 4 times more nitrogen in bird droppings, and 6 times more phosphorus compared to mullein. But the potassium content, on the contrary, is lower.

The waste products of geese and ducks are more liquid than those of chickens. In terms of their effectiveness, they are noticeably inferior to chicken droppings (their usefulness for the garden is comparable to mullein).

Fertilizers for potatoes when planting in a hole

If you think that the soil under the potatoes does not have enough nutrients, then before putting the planting material in the hole, you can add more fertilizer there. Many of them perform more than one function. In addition to nutrition, they repel insect pests and are also a means of preventing fungal diseases.

Humus with wood ash . The nutrient mixture contains all the nutrients necessary for potatoes. All of them together significantly increase productivity, loosen the soil well, and prevent its acidification. In addition, they saturate with carbon dioxide and maintain normal air, heat and water balance. Add 0.5-1 liters of humus into one hole.

Adding ash to the hole will not only enrich the soil with potassium and magnesium, but the root crops will become unattractive to the Colorado potato beetle. Regular application of ash deoxidizes the soil, which also helps get rid of wireworms.

The application rate is 0.5 cups mixed with humus per hole.

Tobacco dust . It won't hurt to put a little tobacco dust in the hole. Of course, it is suitable for this purpose only in its pure form. Now on sale there is tobacco dust mixed with ash or with lime fertilizers, it is better not to buy this for potatoes. By putting a little dust in the hole (1 teaspoon per hole is enough), you can get rid of attacks by the Colorado potato beetle and help avoid soil pests such as wireworms.

Flax seeds . Don't be afraid to sprinkle at least one teaspoon of flax seeds into the hole. The fact is that seeds, when decomposed in the ground, release cyanide substances, which also have a detrimental effect on many pests. Flaxseeds can be sown in the garden after the potatoes have been planted, but only if herbicides have not been used. Plant the seeds into the soil; they will create significant competition for weeds.

And during the first hilling, the dying flax stems will become a source of protection from certain diseases and insect pests. Of course, they will not protect you 100% from the striped beetle, but there will be significantly less of it.

Ammonium sulfate . If this fertilizer was not added before digging, then it can be added to the hole when planting tubers, but not more than 1 teaspoon.

Application

Chicken droppings should be collected regularly. Within a day, bird excrement dries out, losing 1/3 of its moisture, nitrogen and a number of organic substances. To ensure that chicken manure retains its beneficial qualities for a long time, it is placed in compost. Place 5 cm of peat (or 20 cm of plant residues) and 10 cm of garden soil on the next layer of chicken manure. After this, you can add more bird excrement to the compost. When the peat manure compost has finally matured, it is applied to potato plantings at the rate of 0.6 kg of fertilizer per 1 m2.

Unlike pure chicken manure, this compost does not cause the tubers to accumulate large amounts of nitrates. In addition, it significantly increases the resistance of the crop to a number of dangerous diseases of various natures.

Not every summer resident can afford to have compost with chicken droppings. In this case, you should simply dilute fresh chicken excrement in water in a ratio of 1 to 15, infuse the resulting solution for 2-3 days in a warm room and water it at the root at the rate of 1 liter of product for each bush.

Another important distinguishing property of chicken manure is its prolonged action. One application is enough for the entire season. Therefore, you should not overdo it by re-applying bird droppings. This can even harm the plants. Potatoes will grow tops the size of a sunflower, but the tubers, on the contrary, will be underdeveloped.

For the same reason, these root crops are fed with chicken manure before flowering, since later the plants begin to spend significant resources on the formation of tubers. During this period, they no longer need nitrogen, but potassium and phosphorus.

Additionally, it is advisable to add potassium chloride in a ratio of 1 to 10 (potassium to droppings) to fertilizing based on bird excrement.

Fertilizing the soil before planting potatoes

Do I need to feed potatoes? Everyone's favorite root vegetable forms, grows and ripens in the soil. Naturally, without enhanced nutrition it will not be possible to dig up a “treasure” in the form of a luxurious harvest.

Everyone knows that it is necessary to fertilize the soil before planting tubers. It is also important not to skip fertilizing during growth periods that are critical for the crop.

What fertilizers to apply in the fall for digging?

It is important to prepare the soil for planting potatoes in the fall. During autumn plowing, dolomite flour as a deoxidizing agent. Potatoes prefer neutral to slightly acidic soil.

Fertilizing the soil for potatoes with organic matter - manure, humus, compost, wood ash - will enrich the fertile layer in the root system zone.

Before winter, the best fertilizer for potatoes will be sowing green manure:

• until mid-September - mustard, rapeseed;
• until the beginning of October - winter rye.

Important! Mustard is sown in temperate climates and cold regions. Rapeseed does not like moisture and cold very much, it does not tolerate night temperature changes well, it is sown in the southern regions.

Green fertilizers ensure the exchange of beneficial microflora and improve soil fertility by 2-3 times. Pre-winter planting of green manure after potatoes replenishes the supply of nutrients and promotes natural loosening of the soil.

Mineral fertilizers : ammophos, diammophos, calcium nitrate - applied in the fall. Feature - phosphorus serves as a reserve; gradually until spring the nutrient element will dissolve and become available to plants. The granules are buried by 10-12 cm when digging the area.

Preparing soil for potatoes

In addition to basic soil nutrition with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and a complex of microelements, care must be taken to disinfect the soil.

To save the crop from diseases and garden pests, the area must be treated with special disinfectant preparations:

• Entocide;
• Boverin;
• Metarizin;
• Verticillin.

Modern safe disinfectants solve the problem of healthy biologically active soil, resist the appearance of mole crickets, chafer larvae, wireworms, and wintering Colorado potato beetles.

How to fertilize potatoes when planting? Directly when planting seed tubers, organic or mineral fertilizers are added to each hole:

• microbiological fertilizers (for example, Baikal);
• compost, Bokashi, rotted manure, bird droppings, humus;
• urea, saltpeter, superphosphate, potassium sulfate (in equal parts, 15-20 g each).

Attention! If the soil is fertile and abundant fertilizing was carried out in the fall, then it is not necessary to add fertilizer to the hole.

Preparing tubers before planting in a hole

Experienced farmers claim that pre-sowing spring soil preparation for planting potatoes is best done 3-4 weeks before planting tubers in order to start the processes of enriching and structuring the soil.

You need to prepare the seed for planting in advance.
Mandatory conditions for preparing seed potatoes for planting in the spring :

1. “Like the seed, like the tribe ,” people say. Following folk wisdom, only large, smooth, even, undamaged tubers are selected for planting. Underdeveloped small potatoes will not produce a good harvest. A tuber of irregular shape (in the form of a figurine, heart, etc.) is a sign of degeneration of the crop and is not suitable for planting. Plants from such tubers will become sources of viral infections.
2. Store tubers for planting in cool rooms ; low temperatures protect against premature growth of sprouts. The tuber itself retains all nutrients, starch, and sugar until spring. Nutrient elements will ensure uniform development and growth of the future crop.
3. Warming up the tubers is a must for small summer cottages and large farms. 3-4 weeks before planting, seed potatoes are transferred to a bright, warm place and scattered on the floor in one layer.
4. in the light . The synthesis of green pigment and the plant poisonous glycoside solanine protects seed material from damage by soil insects in the early stages of growth.
5. To plant, the sprout should stretch 2-3 cm, no more, while the tubers are warming up. Too long sprouts break off when covered with soil, and the development of tuber germination will be delayed.

Chicken manure is the optimal fertilizer for potato bushes

The addition of organic matter increases the potato yield several times at once. Gardeners talk about such amazing indicators: from one bucket of seedlings you can immediately collect 10 buckets of large, healthy tubers. Moreover, these indicators were in those areas where only three times the volume was dug before application. But you cannot thoughtlessly enrich the soil: you should do this in strict accordance with the recommendations given below.

How to apply bird droppings

The nutrients present in the droppings are readily soluble in water. They are easily digestible. They are released little by little, which gives them the opportunity to maintain their effect for several years (which must not be forgotten when introducing litter). In the garden, bird droppings are most often used in liquid form to feed berries and fruit crops during spring and summer feeding. 1 part of the litter should be diluted with 7-8 parts of water and left for 2 days. Before adding to the soil, the infusion must be shaken and further diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10-1:12. A bucket of mixture is enough for 2 square meters. m.

When digging in the fall, bird droppings are used as follows: the norm is 1-1.5 kg raw or 0.3-0.5 raw - 0.2-0.3 dry droppings, 0.08-0 is added to the holes and grooves. 1 kg. The manure for liquid feeding (0.05-0.1 kg) immediately before application to the soil is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 or 1:12 and mixed well.

Applications in the autumn

You can enrich the soil with chicken droppings both in the spring and before digging the soil in the fall.

Although autumn fertilizers are somewhat different: only rotted manure is used for them.

If you apply manure in advance, you can observe the following benefits:

1. Saving time in the spring, just when there is a lot of work on land plots.
2. Under the snow cover, chicken droppings will be thoroughly rotted, and as a result, the nutrients it contains will be absorbed much better.

Agronomists advise adding 5...10 kilograms of chicken per 1 square meter when digging. m2.

The fertilizer is evenly distributed on the surface, after which the earth is dug up. It is advisable to add superphosphate (20 kg per hectare) and potassium (1 kg) along with manure.

Related article: What to plant after potatoes next year - list of crops

Technology of fertilizing the soil

Why do most gardeners put fertilizer in the hole? This is because potato roots never penetrate deep - but develop only in the surface layer of soil. Of course, in this case the feeding area is limited to a small space, but, on the other hand, little fertilizer is wasted and it immediately reaches its destination. But you can’t pour fresh manure into the holes - the potatoes will simply “burn out.” It can be used when planting potatoes only in the form of humus, but at the same time, keep in mind that the risk of getting scab increases by 2 times. If you still decide, then plant it in the furrows and holes on the same day that you plant the crop.

Please also pay attention to this important point: all fertilizers are applied according to their dose and method. Thus, ammonium nitrate and urea are used per kilogram per hundred square meters before planting, and nitrophoska and nitroammophoska, 5 kg and 3 kg per hundred square meters, respectively, are added for spring digging before preparing the holes. You need to apply mineral fertilizers directly into the hole when planting potatoes - this is the most economical and rational way. Here you need to use 6 g of urea per square meter or 9 g of ammonium nitrate. If you are planting potatoes on light sandy soils, be sure to first scatter magnesium in the form of magnesium sulfate, 80 g per 1 m2, or dolomite flour, 20 g.

If you simply place fertilizers along the ridge, and they end up in its upper part, in the fall you will find potato tubers practically on the ground, even greener. This is due to the fact that with any lack of watering or problematic soil structure, all valuable microelements will end up located shallowly, and the roots, as you know, go to “where they are fed.” And that’s where the first potatoes will sprout. That is why today most gardeners use special planters for planting potatoes, which are equipped with a device for applying fertilizers. It’s quick and convenient, and, most importantly, the root system develops correctly and at the required depth.

Let's summarize: if you properly fertilize potatoes when planting, they will give an excellent harvest: large, with excellent culinary qualities and an optimal shelf life. And even the next year, such tubers will produce much more “offspring” than those that grew without fertilization before. Then let's get down to business!

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Features of feeding chicken manure

This version of organic fertilizer is characterized by a very high concentration of nutrients and immediate activation of the growth of tops and tubers. True, fertilizer cannot be used, as the plants can get severely burned. In order to prepare organic matter for application, the droppings are diluted in water in a ratio of 1:15 and left to infuse for several days in a warm place, for example, on the sunny side of the site.

The average cost for watering is about one liter per bush.

Feeding potatoes after flowering

If summer residents visit the site intermittently and are a little late, then within 2-3 weeks after the potatoes bloom, fertilizing with calcium nitrate will also be effective and efficient. The main thing is to “feed” the soil microbiotics and support young seedlings at the very beginning of vegetative growth.

In addition to applying basic fertilizers and means of protection against diseases and pests before and after flowering, it is important to treat potato bushes in July-August.

Gradually, the nights become cool, it rains in some regions, and the humidity of the air and soil increases. As the weather gets colder, the risk of bacterial, fungal and viral infections increases.

Optimal types of late-season potato fertilizers:

1. To prevent chlorosis and accelerate the full ripening of tubers, magnesium and boron are needed. Fertilizers are used in liquid and granular form. The domestic drug Mag-Bor contains more than 15% magnesium. Timely feeding will protect plants from premature aging (yellowing and wilting of the vegetative aerial parts).
2. Fertilizing with manganese and copper will save potato tops from heat and drought The contact fungicide HOM (copper chloride) has proven itself well. The inexpensive drug will eliminate the deficiency of essential microelements and protect against scab, fusarium, and late blight.
3. Potassium humate is a natural anti-stress drug that contains humic salts, organic acids, and a complex of microelements. Neutralizes the effects of pesticides, heavy metal salts and radionuclides. Farmers recommend Humate + 7 iodine. The drug is easily soluble in water and is used to prevent rot and scab.
4. To prevent pests (cutworm, wireworm, scale insects, mole cricket, Colorado potato beetle), it is important to treat the bushes with special preparations - Confidor Extra, Kinmiks.

Careful use

Chicken contains a high content of nitrogen compounds. Undoubtedly, they are important during the growth and formation of the bush, but if their content is greatly increased during the formation of tubers, then it is impossible to obtain a high yield. Exceeding the optimal concentration leads to the fact that all the energy goes into the tops. If the nitrogen content is too high, the tops will be as tall as a person.

How to improve productivity?

We are constantly receiving letters in which amateur gardeners are worried that due to the cold summer this year there will be a poor harvest of potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, and other vegetables. Last year we published TIPS on this matter. But unfortunately, many did not listen, but some still applied. Here is a report from our reader, we would like to recommend biostimulants for plant growth that will help increase the yield by up to 50-70%.

We advise you to prepare in advance for the summer season, pay attention to this biological product. There are a lot of positive responses.

Excessive amounts of fertilizers lead to the accumulation of nitrates in tubers, which not only harm health, but also spoil the taste of the fruit and complicate its preparation and storage.

Humus as fertilizer

Humus is the last stage of decomposition of manure . It is similar to earth in both appearance and smell. Despite the fact that the concentration of useful substances in humus decreases several times, it is considered the best fertilizer and is used for preparing soil mixtures and mulching.

Properties

Humus improves the quality of the soil, making it lighter, water- and breathable. When applied in the fall, it populates the substrate with beneficial microflora and promotes the appearance of earthworms.

Plants grown on humus receive nutrients in the most accessible form, which enhances photosynthesis and increases resistance to disease.

How to cook

To prepare a compost heap you need:

1. Build a fence with one open wall or dig a hole.
2. Place straw, sawdust or peat at the bottom.
3. Lay fresh and half-rotted manure and plant tops in layers. For humus, you can use a mixture of feces of various animals, including pigs.
4. Moisten each layer with warm water or slurry.
5. Cover the top with waterproof material, having previously made holes in it for air.

It is important to maintain the optimal debate temperature at +30°C. If the “burning” is too active, the compost heap is covered with earth, blocking the access of air.

During the heat, humus can dry out, so during the summer it is shoveled several times and, if necessary, moistened. The use of microbiological preparations such as “Siyanie-3” and “Baikal” accelerates fermentation.

Reference. You can regulate the chemical composition of humus by adding certain plants to the compost. For example, the weed white sweet clover, perennial lupine, seradella, and pea and bean weeds are rich in nitrogen. A large amount of phosphorus contains the green mass of mustard, dandelion, rapeseed, valerian and sorrel. The source of potassium is the tops of nightshades (tomatoes, eggplants, peppers), pumpkin (cucumbers, zucchini, squash), Jerusalem artichoke, as well as nettle, comfrey, chamomile, yarrow, apple and pear carrion. Raspberry shoots will help enrich the compost with iron.

The time required for humus to form depends on the composition of the compost heap and the conditions:

• peat manure compost requires 4-5 months;
• manure with straw and EM preparations – 1-2 months;
• compost only from manure - 1.5-2 years.

Features of application

When should humus be added to the ground? It can be used for autumn or spring digging, poured directly into holes when planting potatoes, or used as mulch when hilling up grown bushes.

Tips for use

Fresh chicken manure contains a huge amount of fiber, protein, and fat. As mentioned earlier, it contains four times more nitrogen than cow manure, and the concentration of phosphorus is up to 6 times higher. In turn, there is less potassium.

Almost half of the nitrogenous compounds are highly soluble, and about a third are easily accessible to the root system. The fertilizer contains a lot of calcium and active compounds. Their amount can be reduced by adding sawdust or straw (1 part plant components to 3 parts manure).

The effect of application under potatoes is observed for several seasons. Substances from chicken are broken down gradually, feeding plants for up to three years.

Duck and goose poop is watery, so its effect on potatoes is more similar to cow or horse manure. Chickens living in cages produce quickly drying manure, which loses about 30% of its water in just a day. And along with moisture, the content of nitrogen and nutrients decreases.

How to fertilize potatoes before hilling

The first hilling is carried out when the plant reaches a height of 10-15 cm. It promotes the appearance of new roots on the stems, which will increase the absorption of nutrients by the plant. Perhaps the fertilizers applied before planting will not be enough for the young plant, and this will be noticeable in appearance. Such plants look frail, with weak leaf color.

Before the first hilling, granular or powder fertilizers can be scattered between the rows and then incorporated into the soil. Or, after loosening the rows, apply liquid fertilizing and then hill up the plants well. Foliar feeding is effective and should be carried out before flowering and budding.

What can be used for feeding?

• Chicken droppings . The mother infusion is diluted in a ratio of 1:10 and watered between the rows. Granulated is used according to the instructions. The dosage should be strictly observed so as not to burn the plants.
• Herbal infusion . Nettles, weeded weeds, and mown grass are placed in a barrel, filled with water and left to ferment for 5-7 days. After a few days, the infusion will ferment, which means it is ready for use. 1 liter of infusion is diluted in 10 liters of water and watered between the rows.
• Mullein . Place mullein in a 20-liter tank, add a handful of superphosphate and 2 handfuls of ash. Stir and leave for several days. Then dilute 1 liter of infusion in 10 liters of water and pour the soil between the potatoes.
• Ammonium nitrate . It can be scattered over the surface and then incorporated into the soil during hilling. Or dilute 20 g in a bucket of water and water the rows.
• Urea . Dissolve 300 g of urea in a bucket of water. This solution is best used for foliar feeding. Spray the plants with the solution; the fertilizer will be better absorbed from the leaves and reach the root system faster.
• Complex mineral fertilizers , which contain phosphorus, potassium, manganese and boron. Dissolve them according to the instructions on the bag and spray (foliar feeding).
• Humates are applied at a rate of 3 liters per hundred square meters as soon as the leaves form 5 leaves.

Root feeding can be carried out at any time of the day, but with subsequent embedding into the soil. It is good to carry out such fertilizing before the rain. And foliar feeding (spraying) is carried out in the evening after sunset or in cloudy weather. When spraying, follow safety precautions and wear protective clothing.

Liquid fertilizer based on dry chicken

Mullein from chicken manure

Fertilizer diluted in water is ideal: fermenting droppings have all the conditions for the active reproduction of beneficial microorganisms. To prepare it, as a rule, a wooden barrel is taken. Add 500-700 g of dry chicken to 10 liters of water. The slurry ferments for up to 5 days, stirring periodically. To avoid complete evaporation of nitrogen, the barrel is covered with film and wrapped with rope.

Related article: Potatoes did not sprout - causes and methods of eliminating the problem

The result should be a tea-colored solution. Next, it is diluted a little with water so as not to damage the roots of the plants. One bush requires about a liter of fertilizer. Fertilizing with tincture should be carried out only after thorough watering or heavy rain. At the end of feeding, it is advisable to water the bushes with water to avoid burns from nitrogenous compounds. Watering is best done late in the evening or in the morning, when the sun is still low.

What explains the popularity of chicken manure as an organic fertilizer for potatoes? In most private houses with land, the family keeps poultry, that is, fertilizer, one might say, at hand. In addition, bird droppings are one of the most valuable fertilizers. The concentration of substances beneficial to potatoes in it is several times higher than the content in other natural organic additives. We can say that chicken is a truly complex fertilizer.

What fertilizer to feed potatoes.

To get a good potato harvest, you need to fertilize and feed it. And this can be done at different stages of growth. Moreover, you need to use substances of different composition.

What fertilizer should I feed my potatoes?

To obtain a quick harvest, fertilizing early potatoes coincides with the first hilling. At this time, it is recommended to use a solution of potassium, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. Their quantity is taken as follows: 30 g of the first two and 60 g of the last per bucket of water. You just need to make sure that the solution does not get on the young shoots of the plant.

The most common fertilizer for feeding potatoes is nitrophoska - a fertilizer whose use for potatoes is more appropriate when planting. One teaspoon for each well. In addition, in the fall you can completely fertilize the nitrophosic ridge, where potatoes will be planted in the spring. How and how much fertilizer to apply to potatoes is determined by the following consumption: 15-20 g per 1 m2. It is simply added to the soil before digging.

Potassium fertilizers for potatoes have a special status. They can significantly increase the yield weight. Experts recommend using only fertilizers with a high content of potassium salts. If they contain chlorine, then they should be applied in the fall so that it has time to wash out the soil before planting potatoes in the spring.

Chicken manure as fertilizer for potatoes

The first feeding of potatoes after planting is possible using manure or droppings. But they have a very strong effect, so these potato fertilizers must be diluted with water and infused. For example, fertilizing potatoes with bird droppings is carried out with an infusion prepared several days before. The proportions of water and manure for such a solution are as follows: 1 part chicken manure is required for 15 parts of water. It is better to make a weaker mixture than to severely burn the plants.

Feeding potatoes with chicken manure prepared in the described way is done after rain or heavy watering. The soil should be well moistened. One liter of infusion should be poured under each bush.

Ash, sawdust and onion peels as fertilizer for potatoes

Wood ash, as a fertilizer for potatoes, is used in two ways. The first is to pour it into the hole when planting. The second allows you to roll the tubers in it. If ash, as fertilizer for potatoes, is poured into a hole, then its consumption should be observed. It should not be more than 300 g per 1 m2. When ashes are used at a summer cottage as fertilizer to feed potatoes, the tubers turn out starchy.

You can use sawdust as fertilizer for potatoes and space for tuber growth. To do this, the sprouted tubers need to be laid on the surface of the ground. They need to be covered on top with a mixture that includes old sawdust, rotted manure and ash. The layer of such a mound should be about 10 cm. This method is excellent for early potatoes.

Onion peels rich in phytoncides, as a fertilizer for potatoes, will also serve to repel many pests. Its infusion can be sprayed on seedlings. Onion peels are also placed in the aisles between the rows of bushes.

Foliar feeding of potatoes

Before the formation of buds, when the bushes reach a height of about 30 cm, you need to spray with a nitrogen solution. It is prepared at the rate of 300 g of urea per 10-liter bucket of water. This foliar feeding of potatoes with urea will allow the development of strong plants. They, in turn, will give a rich harvest.

Foliar feeding of potatoes with ash is possible even before flowering time. Spraying is possible immediately after emergence and before the first hilling is carried out. Foliar feeding with ash can be done using a solution or decoction. The first is prepared at the rate of 100 g of ash per standard bucket of water. For the second, you need to take 300 g of ash and pour boiling water over it. Put on fire and boil for about half an hour. Then strain the broth and pour it into a bucket of water.

Leaf - that is, when the fertilizer is not poured onto the ground, but is sprayed onto the leaves of the plant. Foliar feeding of potatoes after flowering with fertilizers that promote tuber growth is not entirely reasonable. It is better to carry it out during the flowering period, when new tubers are formed. After this time, there will be no new ones, only those that have already appeared will begin to grow. The maximum benefit from such fertilizing can be achieved if the soil is sufficiently well enriched with nutrients.

Foliar feeding of potatoes should be done in the evenings, when there is no longer sun, but it is not about to rain. Ideal if it has just rained.

A superphosphate solution is popular for foliar feeding. For it you need to take 10 liters of water and dilute 3 tbsp in them. spoons of fertilizer granules.

Potato peeling as fertilizer

They are an excellent source of starch. Therefore, they can serve as fertilizer for currants, cabbage and cucumbers. Fresh or dried peelings can be buried whole under a currant bush or brewed in boiling water and watered on the bushes with this infusion.

The pulp from soaked or fresh peelings is useful as fertilizer for cabbage seedlings. You can also put it in a tray with cucumber seeds.

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Questions and answers about bird droppings

Question No. 1. What is the best way to use chicken manure?

If you have fresh chicken at your disposal and you want to use it immediately, here is the scheme to follow:

• Give the chicken a chance to ferment. To do this, fill the barrel halfway with it, fill it to the top with water and cover it with a lid tightly so that the unpleasant odor does not spread. Infuses for 3-5 days. The concentrate is used in a ratio of 1:20.
• Fertilizing dosage is ½-1 liter for each bush. Before and after application, you need to water the soil generously.
• What's left is composted. On the boardwalk, straw, sawdust, peat, hay, and turf soil are laid out in layers of 20 cm. The whole thing is covered with film. Compost matures in 3 months. Ready compost does not spoil.

Question No. 2. What precautions should be taken when working with droppings?

Fresh chicken contains a lot of eggs of harmful insects, so they work with it using rubber gloves. Making fertilizer from dry bird droppings is also harmful, since it contains dangerous microorganisms. Therefore, you need to wear a protective mask.

Root and foliar feeding after planting to increase yield

During the potato growing season, root and foliar fertilizers are used.

Root

• At the beginning of growth, potatoes need nitrogen, which is abundant in manure. Up to 250 g of rotted manure is added to the root at a time.
• Nitrogen can also be added using mineral fertilizers. If the culture does not grow, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of urea is diluted in 10 liters of water. 0.5 liters of solution is poured into each bush.
• Bird droppings, which are diluted with water 1:20 and watered at the root, will help increase productivity.

Fertilizers are taken under the roots before hilling the potatoes. Before the procedure, the soil is slightly loosened, then the nutrients will reach the root system faster.

Foliar

Foliar fertilizers are applied after the first hilling. It is best to do this in the evening so that the sun does not leave burns on the leaves.

Nettle infusion

Nettle infusion will help increase the crop's immunity to adverse conditions.

• Nettles are chopped finely.
• Fill with water.
• Leave until the mixture ferments.
• Everyone is filtered.
• Add 10 liters of water to 1.5 liters of infusion.
• Potatoes are sprayed with the product.

Phosphorus

Stimulates the formation of inflorescences.

• 5 tbsp. spoons of superphosphate;
• a bucket of water;
• process 10 sq. m plot.

Potassium humate

Increases productivity. It is carried out when 4 leaves are formed with an interval of 2 weeks.

• 10 liters of water;
• 2 g Humate+7.
• 3 liters of solution are used per hundred square meters.

Feeding flowering potatoes

Potassium magnesia is suitable for foliar feeding of potatoes during budding. It contains magnesium (10%), potassium (28%), sulfur (17%). The solution is prepared as follows:

• water – 10 l;
• potassium magnesium – 25 g.

Comment!

Excess ash contributes to the spread of scab.

During flowering, it is better to feed potatoes at the root. Prepare the solution:

• water – 10 l;
• superphosphate – 2 tbsp. l;
• mullein – 1 tbsp.

Apply liquid fertilizers after rain or scheduled watering.

The right approach to fertilizing

You need to start working for a good harvest in the fall. Select a site, clear it of weeds and plant debris. Apply the main set of autumn fertilizers for digging:

• superphosphate;
• potassium sulfate;
• humus.

Comment!
It won't hurt the potatoes if you add manure in the fall. By spring it will completely rot and release nutrients to the soil. Will make it loose. Potassium sulfate and double superphosphate added in the fall work well. The consumption rates of simple fertilizers for autumn (spring) digging are given in the table.

Nitrophoska replaces one-component fertilizers (superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate).

Application of industrial products

Mineral and organomineral fertilizers are produced industrially.

• Mineral. Inorganic compounds, which include elements necessary for the growth and development of plants: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
• Organomineral. They contain not only mineral compounds, but also organic substances.

The use of industrially produced fertilizers allows you to quickly and in the right quantities saturate the soil with the necessary nutrients. But their use requires strict adherence to the prescribed application rates.

Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate)

A mineral supplement that contains nitrogen and sulfur, which helps the plant absorb it better. The nitrogen content varies among different manufacturers from 26 to 34.4%, sulfur from 3 to 14%. Available in the form of yellowish-white granules.

For fertilizing, ammonium nitrate is used in dry and dissolved form. When using nitrate on acidic soils, additionally add calcium carbonate at the rate of 75 g per 100 g of nitrogen fertilizer.

Urea (urea)

The product is in the form of white or yellowish granules, or in tablets. The nitrogen concentration in urea reaches 46%. Used in dry and liquid form.

The mild effect of urea on the above-ground part of the plant makes it indispensable for foliar feeding. Urea not only supplies potatoes with nitrogen, but also improves the plant’s immunity, inhibiting the proliferation of bacteria and the development of fungal infections.

Azofoska (nitroammofoska)

Granules are pink or whitish in color depending on the concentration of active ingredients. Nitroammophoska is produced in the following dosages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK):

• PK 16:16:16 – suitable for annual use;
• NPK 19:9:19 – used on soils rich in phosphorus;
• NPK 22:11:11 – used on depleted land.

Azofoska additionally contains sulfur. Can be used alone or in mixtures. It is not recommended to apply into cold soil.

Ammofoska

Due to the absence of chlorine and sodium in the composition, the fertilizer has a mild, gentle effect. The granules contain the following percentages: nitrogen 15%, phosphorus 15%, potassium 12%, sulfur 14%. Used for root and foliar feeding from early spring to late autumn.

Nitrophoska

A mineral fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in equal or almost equal proportions. Externally it is white granules.

An important feature of this supplement is the different timing of the onset of action of nutrients. Nitrogen and potassium require 2–3 days to decompose, and phosphorus almost 2 weeks. There are phosphorite, sulfate and sulfuric acid versions of this fertilizer. It is the latter that is most often used for potatoes.

Superphosphate and double superphosphate

White powder or granules. It is most often used by adding it to the soil, but it is also possible to use it in the form of a solution. Suitable for soils with high acidity levels.

The effectiveness of superphosphate will be higher if it is not mixed with other mineral fertilizers.

Potassium humate

Produced in the form of granules, powder, tablets, liquid. Contains: phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, humic and folic acids. It is optimal to use fertilizer at the initial stage of potato growth. The high concentration of nutrients requires careful use, with a clear calculation of the dose applied.

Potassium sulfate

White granules of the product contain potassium oxide 50%, sulfur 17%, magnesium 3%, calcium 0.4%. It is used both in spring and during the period of budding and flowering, when the need for potassium and microelements is increased. Fertilizing helps the plant resist drought and prevents the development of fungal diseases.

Gardeners also appreciated the benefits of formulations specially developed by manufacturers for potatoes:

• Potato fertika – 5;
• Bona Forte;
• Kemira for potatoes;
• Gera potato.

Features of choosing and applying fertilizers for potatoes

Foliar feeding of potatoes is allowed only in the evening or morning, preferably in cloudy but dry weather. Exposing plants to direct sunlight after spraying may cause burns on the leaves.

It is also important to monitor the weather forecast and do not fertilize before it rains, as the fertilizer will be washed away and absorbed into the ground. This is fraught not only with a decrease in the effectiveness of the procedure, but also with oversaturation of the soil with nitrate-containing substances.

When choosing foliar feeding of potatoes, you should take into account the composition of the soil on the site. The culture does not like calcareous or too acidic soil; it is better to maintain neutral acidity. Also, the basis for choosing fertilizers is the manifestation of signs of a deficiency of a particular substance on the leaves: yellowing indicates a lack of nitrogen, and a purple tint indicates a deficiency of phosphorus.

Not all fertilizers are allowed to be combined. Carefully study the composition on the package, after which you can start mixing. Compatibility table is shown below.

Fertilizer Compatibility Chart

Young leaves absorb fertilizer elements better than older leaves, which have a coarser structure. Therefore, feeding young plants has a greater impact than adults, and it is recommended to monitor its regularity and intensity especially carefully.

Notes of an evil mole. About chicken manure and potatoes

Today, when I was chasing a terribly agile worm, I came across a lump of something foul-smelling. Chicken droppings. Apparently, the one who lives upstairs decided to bring it under the potatoes. Damn genius. I've lived here for a long time and remember a lot. But there is something I don’t remember at all. For example, potassium chloride. And I don’t remember Kalimaga. I don’t mention potassium sulfate and potassium magnesia at all. This was not here! Not in my lifetime. Which means exactly five years. Why am I so obsessed with potash fertilizers, even though I came across chicken? I'll explain now:

Let's deal with potatoes first. Why with potatoes? Because they are going to grow it in this place. This means that he must determine what and in what quantities should be added. Per hundred kilograms of tubers, potatoes produce 620 g of nitrogen, approximately 300 g of phosphorus and a kilogram of potassium. Potato yield, depending on growing conditions and variety, can vary from 70 to 1000 c/ha, that is, on one hundred square meters we can grow from 70 kg to a ton of tubers. Not a bad spread, isn't it? In Soviet times, productivity at the level of 150-170 c/ha was considered normal, and 200-220 c/ha was considered completely excellent. For modern farms, a yield of less than 250 c/ha is considered bad, 400-450 c/ha is considered normal, and only 500-600 is good.

Now let's do some math. To find out how much a crop should consume nutrients for the planned harvest, you just need to multiply the yield by the removal of nutrients. We get:

It would seem, what nonsense. All we need to do is add three kilos of nitrogen, one and a half kilos of phosphorus and five kilos of potassium and half a ton of selected potatoes in our basement! But wait, it's not that simple.

It’s long and tedious to explain, and it’s not a fact that it will work, so accept it as a fact: plants cannot consume all the nutrients that are added with fertilizers. They consume only part of it. And for different fertilizers the degree of absorption is different. The proportion of mineral nutrition element consumption in relation to the total content of the mobile element is called the mineral nutrition element utilization coefficient. According to generalized data, the coefficients of use of nutrients by potatoes for mineral fertilizers average 0.65 for nitrogen, 0.3 for phosphorus and 0.75 for potassium, and for organic fertilizers - 0.25 for nitrogen, 0.35 for phosphorus, and 0.6 for potassium. In other words, we always need to add more nutrients to the planned harvest than will be taken out by the harvest.

Now let's get back to the chicken. Chicken manure is an organic fertilizer with a high nutrient content. However, raw chicken manure contains a large number of weed seeds, eggs and larvae of flies and helminths, and many microorganisms, many of which are causative agents of dangerous diseases. The chemical composition of chicken manure is variable and is determined by the technology of keeping poultry and preparing fertilizer. Chicken droppings can be litter-based (when poultry are kept on the floor) or litter-free (when chickens are kept in cages).

To prepare litter manure, peat, straw, sawdust and other moisture-intensive organic matter are used. Depending on the litter, the content of mineral nutrition elements varies. So the nitrogen content can be from 1.8 to 2.38%, phosphorus - from 1.79 to 2.32%, potassium - from 0.7 to 0.97%.

Litter-free litter at a humidity of 64% contains 2.1% nitrogen, including 0.52% in ammonia form, 1.44% phosphorus and 0.64% potassium. At this humidity, it is a spreading mass with an unpleasant odor and high stickiness to rubber, wood, concrete and asphalt. It is undesirable to store such litter for a long time without processing and composting; within six months of storage it will lose up to half of its nitrogen. Also, with cage keeping, liquid manure is obtained, which is applied to the soil using tank spreaders, since drying and composting it is not economically feasible.

Thermally dried litter-free litter has a moisture content of about 20% and contains 4.5-5% nitrogen, 2.5-3.5% phosphorus and about 1.6% potassium.

Litter chicken manure is used at a dose of 10-15 t/ha or 100-150 kg/area, litterless litter - 7-12 t/ha or 70-120 kg/area, dry chicken manure - 4-5 t/ha or 40-50 kg/sq.m. Now let’s calculate the potato yield ensured by the addition of chicken:

We see that we get the minimum yield in the “Potassium (K)” column with all three types of chicken. Do you know what's funny? If we do not take into account the action of the soil and do not apply other fertilizers, this will be the harvest that we get. The law of the minimum states: “The yield of a crop is directly dependent on the element of mineral nutrition of the plant, which is found in a minimum amount.” This law was discovered in 1840 by Justus Liebig, which is why this law is often called Liebig's law. The operation of this law is usually illustrated using the Daubenek barrel:

Composition of chicken manure as fertilizer

Chicken manure contains a complex of substances that promote the full development of crops. It is noteworthy that in fresh excrement the bulk of the elements are organic, which makes bird manure one of the leaders in fertilizers.

The nitrogen content is ~1.6% - the volume depends on the age of the animal and growing conditions. In view of this, 50% of the litter is taken from chickens, since they have to walk on the grass. Fresh excrement also contains ~1.5% phosphorus and 0.9% potassium. Complements the complex:

• iron;
• manganese;
• copper;
• zinc;
• and other.

Note: the use of kuryak is important in fresh form, since up to 40% of useful enzymes evaporate with loss of moisture. However, during the preparation process, the dosage should be taken into account due to the content of humic acids.

Organic fertilizers

Almost all organic fertilizers are waste products of living beings (plants, animals, bacteria), which is why they are also called biological fertilizers. Organic matter not only provides vegetable crops with a complex of nutrients, but also improves the structure of the soil. However, each type of biofertilizer has its own nuances of use.

Manure

Manure for potatoes is a storehouse of micro- and macroelements. It loosens the soil, stimulates the formation of a fertile layer, and helps increase the yield of vegetables. Cow and horse are considered the most suitable, they are also the most affordable.

Typically, organic matter of animal origin is introduced simultaneously with the autumn or winter digging of the soil, embedding it into the ground to a depth of about 40 cm. This measure is especially relevant for northern latitudes: biofertilizer during the decomposition process releases heat, which warms the seeds planted in the spring and the sprouting seedlings. When plowing manure, its application rate is 400 kg per hundred square meters. At the same time, it is recommended to fertilize the soil in the potato field with potassium sulfate and superphosphate. Autumn application of manure can be replaced by sowing green manure.

Rotted manure is also applied when planting potatoes. Before planting the seed, 150 g of fertilizer is placed under each tuber. The plantings are not fed with fresh organic matter, since it may contain parasites and pathogens, and evaporating ammonia compounds have a detrimental effect on beneficial soil bacteria.

It is not recommended to apply manure to the soil annually: this can lead to a deterioration in soil fertility. The optimal frequency of application is every 3-5 years.

Chicken droppings

Due to the high concentration of useful substances and rapid action, the substance in question is a popular means of feeding potatoes. It can only be used in diluted form. The optimal proportion of the solution is 1 part litter and 15 parts water (you can make the infusion even weaker so as not to burn the plants when feeding). At least 1 liter of nutritional composition is poured under each bush.

Green manure

Instead of manure, rotted and fermented plant matter is used as fertilizer for potatoes. Any available greens are suitable for preparing this fertilizer (you can take weeds after weeding or mown grass).

Green fertilizer is prepared as follows:

1. All the grass, along with the soil remaining on the roots, is loaded into a barrel (you can add a couple of handfuls of urea there).
2. The container with the future fertilizer is filled to the brim with warm water.
3. Leave the mass to infuse under the film for 2 weeks.

The resulting fertilizer for potatoes can be applied during planting without diluting. The recommended dosage is 1 liter of product per 1 hole.

Types of fertilizing

Potatoes grow well in those dachas where rotted cow manure (humus) or compost made from peat and manure are added. Productivity is increased with the help of green manure. They sow rye, peas, and clover. They restore soil fertility and enrich it with microelements in an accessible form.

When there is no time to sow green manure and there is little organic matter, summer residents use mineral fertilizers. If you feed the potatoes strictly according to the instructions, the tubers will grow large and store well.

With excessive application of urea and ammonium nitrate, the tops grow powerful and long, and small tubers are formed. These fertilizers contain nitrogen, which stimulates the growth of green mass. Potatoes require potassium to form tubers.

There are complex mineral fertilizers on sale that contain the NPK complex necessary for potatoes. Potatoes suffer less from infections and show good yield if they are applied throughout the growing season.