Measures to combat downy mildew on onions, photos and causes of fungal damage

Every spring, summer residents, cultivating their plots, expect a large harvest.
But there are many factors that interfere with this. These include weather factors, pests, and plant diseases. The most common disease of many vegetable crops is powdery mildew. And what disappointment awaits gardeners when downy mildew appears on onions..... What control measures should be taken when downy mildew occurs on onions? How to treat onions against peronosporosis? These and other questions remain to be sorted out. Downy mildew on onion is characterized by a gray-violet color of onion feathers. There are no manifestations of the disease until planting. Therefore, the gardener cannot suspect low-quality planting material. But after planting in the ground, the disease begins to progress, and the symptoms become more pronounced.

Vegetable damage occurs in several stages:

• in early May, as soon as the feathers appear, yellow spots appear on them. Then the spots turn pale gray or bluish;
• It is good to observe lesions in the morning;
• As the disease progresses, the spots increase in size. The greenery becomes vulnerable and fragile. After some time it fades, falling to the ground. A diseased vegetable never has time to ripen;
• unripe onions no longer develop.

A disease such as downy mildew on onions can destroy outright up to half the harvest, as the photo clearly proves:

Therefore, it is worth knowing how to deal with such an insidious disease, so what can you do?

Causes of fungal infection

The main cause of the disease is temperature changes, especially in the morning. In the hot summer, you can forget about such a fungal disease. And if the temperature drops below +16 degrees and the humidity is at 90%, then you should expect trouble. Mostly such conditions occur at night, in late spring and early summer. The spores become more active and when the temperature rises and sunlight increases, they begin to multiply.

The incubation period for spores ranges from three to fifteen days. Accordingly, up to six generations of pests are updated during the season.

The most destructive effect is the lack of sun and fresh air. It is recommended to choose the planting site more carefully and not to thicken the plantings. It is preferable to plant onion beds in sunny places. Moisture and dampness should not penetrate these areas. Onion beds should not be watered often. Because fungal spores move with the flow of air and water: rain, abundant watering.

If onions are cultivated in greenhouse conditions, then the following recommendations must be followed:

1. You should not overwater the beds, but it is better to water them in the morning.
2. The greenhouse must be ventilated regularly.
3. It is better to close the greenhouse at night to prevent excess moisture from entering.
4. On autumn and spring days, before planting, the greenhouse must be disinfected, and the top layer of soil of 20 centimeters must be removed.
5. Water should be applied under the bulb, avoiding excess liquid on the feathers.
6. The greenhouse must have a constant temperature.

Prevention methods

It is much easier to prevent a disease than to save an infected crop. Therefore, experienced gardeners advise regularly preventing the disease using the following measures:

1. Carefully remove crop residues from the top layers of soil.
2. For the winter, you definitely need to dig up the soil where the infected vegetable grew.
3. Do not use the same area of ​​the garden for planting.
4. Sow only healthy seeds.
5. Before planting onions, warm up the planting material at a temperature of +40 °C for at least 8 hours.
6. Periodically inspect plants for signs of disease.
7. Carry out appropriate care in the open ground: weed, water in the morning.

What does peronosporosis of onion look like - description with photo

The disease starts from the tips of the leaves, spreading to all parts of the onion. Feathers develop poorly. The color of the feathers gradually changes: from pale green to yellow and purple. And the shape of the greenery is lost and distorted.

Such plants quickly become frail and inconspicuous. A diseased plant infects a healthy one. Downy mildew of annual onions affects varieties of perennial onions. But it does not affect the fragrant onion, slime.

The source of infection can be:

• contaminated plant debris;
• spores in infected bulbs;
• fungal spores in seeds;
• rhizomes of infected wild onions.

Onion bed affected by powdery mildew

Description of the disease

Downy mildew (downy mildew on onions) has this name because of the gray-violet coating on the “feathers” of the plant.

Downy mildew on onions, the photo of which makes it possible to see possible manifestations of the fungus, does not appear until planting. This makes it unrealistic to select unsuitable planting material. The disease develops quickly, and the more severe the damage, the more additional symptoms you may notice.

The following signs and stages of disease development are distinguished:

1. The earliest manifestations of downy mildew can be noticed in the second half of April - early May, when small yellow spots appear on the leaves and peduncles. And after some time, gray-purple fungal spores appear on infected plants.
2. Powdery plaque is best visible in the morning, when the beds are covered with dew.
3. As the disease progresses, the spots on the leaves increase. Onion feathers become fragile. Over time, they sink to the ground and wither. The plant looks sick.
4. Due to the penetration of infection deep into the bulb, the culture cannot develop normally. If flower stalks are infected, the seeds often do not ripen.

A fungal disease can destroy up to 50% of the onion harvest, so you need to know not only how downy mildew manifests itself, but also the main conditions under which the disease occurs.

Measures to combat downy mildew on onions

If an emergency occurs, it is recommended to abandon organic fertilizers, and it is better to use phosphorus and potassium additives. If necessary, moisturizing the vegetable should be reduced or stopped altogether.

During the growth period, the greens can be treated with fungicides, but should not be eaten. The cibul itself can be eaten. Before the end of the season, it is better to ensure that the feathers are moistened with a soap solution once every ten days.

Of course, chemicals are effective methods, but for safety it is better to resort to traditional, safer methods. These include whey. Mix the serum with water in a ratio of 1:10, and spray the affected greens.

If you have already decided to use chemistry, then Ridomil Gold MC will be effective. Should be used according to the attached instructions. You should always remember that this onion will later be used for food.

The fungicide Quadris is used successfully, which removes gray rot and rust.

You can use Bravo fungicide, which will also get rid of Alternaria.

Bordeaux mixture will be effective. But it can be used no later than two weeks before harvest.

How to get rid of downy mildew on onions

To treat peronosporosis, fungicides – chemical and biological preparations – are used. They are the ones that show the greatest effectiveness. At the same time, it is not worth carrying out multiple treatments - some of the fungicides are toxic. If the disease has not yet progressed and only affected a few onion plants, it is recommended to carry out 2-3 treatments with folk remedies, and then monitor the development of the situation.

Fungicides

Fungicides destroy the pest in just a few hours. As a rule, 1-2 treatments are sufficient. But it is important to remember the waiting period - the time from the last spraying to harvesting. As a rule, it is 1-2 weeks. When using some fungcides (Polycarbacin, Bordeaux mixture, HOM), green feathers cannot be eaten.

The main drugs for the treatment of peronosporosis:

1. "Revus" is an effective chemical fungicide that can be used for treatment even in rainy weather. The consumption rate of the initial solution is 600 ml per hectare.
2. “Pergado M” is a copper-based product, consumed in the amount of 4-5 kg ​​of powder per hectare.

3. "Polycarbacin" is another copper-containing drug with a broad spectrum of action. Destroys pathogens of peronosporosis, moniliosis, coccomycosis and other diseases.

4. “Bravo” – gives good and quick results. It is classified as an organochlorine pesticide and is toxic to humans (hazard class 2), so safety precautions must be observed during processing. The consumption rate is 3 liters of initial solution per hectare.
   Read also:  What can be planted next to gooseberries, features of the neighborhood
5. "Quadris" is a fungicide against peronospora from the class of strobilurins. It is also quite dangerous (class 2), but it helps to effectively and quickly destroy the pest.

Important! Fungicides and other treatments for onions against downy mildew are used to treat not only infected but also healthy plants.

Spraying should be total to avoid the spread of infection.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies are safer in terms of toxicity, but the effect of their use is not as strong. They are used in the early stages of peronosporosis development, and also as a preventive measure. Basic recipes:

1. Pollination of plantings with wood ash - consumption 50 g per square meter. You need to powder not only the plants themselves, but also the surface of the soil. After this, you can water it a little so that the ash does not blow away with the wind.
2. Sour milk whey (from kefir, cottage cheese or other fermented milk products). It is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 and used to process onions.
3. You can try treatment with a soda solution (80 g per 10 liters of boiled water). Add 2 ml of liquid soap or 2 tbsp. l. laundry soap shavings. Mix until completely dissolved and begin spraying. During the season, four such treatments are carried out with an interval of 1 week.
4. If you have onion peels, you can prepare a water infusion from it (500 g per 10 l). The mixture is boiled over low heat for 20 minutes and left for several days, after which it is filtered and proceeds to treating onions for downy mildew.

It is advisable to spray in the late evening; the weather should be free of rain and strong winds.

Agrotechnical techniques

To combat and prevent the development of downy mildew on onions, agrotechnical methods are also used, for example:

1. After harvesting in late summer or fall, all residues are removed. They need to be taken away from the site, thrown away or burned.
2. If the feathers are already severely affected, it is better to dig up the plant and destroy it. Otherwise it will infect neighboring ones.
3. If onions or other plants were previously affected by peronosporosis in the garden, disinfection or complete replacement of the soil may be necessary. For treatment, the same fungicides or antiseptics are used, for example, a solution of potassium permanganate 1%.
4. When growing onions, it is important to observe crop rotation. Planting in the same area is carried out no more than four years in a row. It is recommended to plant the crop only after carrots, cucumbers, beets, tomatoes, and strawberries. Bad predecessors are other onion varieties, dill, cabbage, parsley, radish, and all legumes.
5. Onion plantings should not be thickened. The minimum interval should be 20 cm. Planting other plants (parsley, dill) in the gaps is also not recommended.
6. If signs of peronosporosis have already appeared on the onion, it is necessary to completely eliminate nitrogen fertilizing, mullein fertilizer, and watering. At the same time, it is worth regularly giving potassium and phosphorus, as they strengthen the plant’s immunity.
7. After emergence of seedlings, carry out 1-2 preventive treatments using folk remedies or fungicides.

Disease prevention

For prevention, it is good to take the following measures:

1. Usually, spores safely endure all the hardships of winter, causing inconvenience in spring and summer. To prevent re-infection, you need to change the place for planting the vegetable every year. It is better to plant onions in their original place after three to four years.
2. Precursors can be cabbage, pumpkin, and cucumbers. Varieties of onions: shallots, leeks, leeks - need to be planted at a decent distance from each other.
3. Varieties that are not susceptible to fungus reduce the possibility of infection with peronosporosis: Antey, Stimul, Ellan, Kasatik. Seeds must be disinfected and then planted, heated at a temperature of +40 degrees for up to eight hours.
4. The crop residues are completely removed from the site, and the soil must be dug up in winter.
5. For preventive purposes, inspect vegetable crops.
6. Do not thicken the plantings, weed and loosen them in a timely manner.
7. Manure can only be applied under previous vegetables, and mineral fertilizers can be applied under the bulb.
8. Only healthy seeds should be planted, discarding sick and damaged ones.
9. Diseased specimens must be immediately removed and burned.

Onion feathers should be removed from the beds

In addition, antibacterial drugs for treating beds have proven themselves to be effective:

1. Cycloheximide: at a rate of ten milligrams per liter of water.
2. Amidomycin: in proportions of thirty milligrams per liter of water.
3. Oligomycin: in the proportion of forty milligrams per liter of water.

Spray during the middle of plant growth: mid-June.

Causes and signs of infection

Onion disease most often occurs in mid-spring. If the feathers and leaves turn black and are covered with yellow or purple spots, this is a clear sign of peronosporosis.

Other symptoms of powdery mildew:

• leaves are curled and weak;
• if the bush is sick, a bluish coating forms on it; with increasing humidity, its saturation increases;
• the onion stops developing;
• the seeds do not ripen;
• flower stalks are not formed.

In diseased plants, the taste deteriorates, the pulp is watery and loose. If you do not get rid of the fungus in a timely manner, it can destroy more than half of the crop. In addition, due to the disease, it becomes impossible to independently prepare seeds for planting.

Spores can remain in the ground or plant debris for a long time, becoming activated only under suitable conditions. Causes of the disease:

• planting plants in the shade;
• dense plantings, this impairs air circulation and accelerates the development of the disease;
• high humidity due to excessive watering, prolonged rains.

See also Slime onion: description of the variety and possible diseases

Powdery mildew develops actively in a humid and warm environment. Therefore, in regions where the weather frequently changes, outbreaks of peronosporosis occur more often.

Useful tips from summer residents

Experienced summer residents and amateur gardeners, faced with such a misfortune, solved it as follows:

1. After harvesting, the bulbs are ventilated and dried.
2. At the first sign, it is better to remove the infected vegetable and dust the rest of the plantings with ash.
3. The place for onions should be sunny, not damp, without drafts.
4. A good fertilizer for onions is a tincture of garden weeds. To do this, place the grass in a large bucket and fill it with boiling water. After four days, sprinkle the onions with infusion.
5. It is not recommended to plant onions with a thick neck.

Some useful recipes can be used at the initial stage of the disease. Here are some recipes for treating onions against peronosporosis:

1. Dust the feathers and protruding parts of the bulbs with ash.
2. Whey from fermented milk products kills fungus. For spraying, it is mixed with water 1:10 and used for greenery.

By following the simple advice of experienced people, you can get a rich harvest of healthy onions. Fungicides should be used judiciously, but correct agricultural practices should be used wisely. Peronosporosis will be avoided, and in winter you will be able to enjoy healthy onions.

Reviews from gardeners

Nellie

One rainy year there was this nasty thing on the onions, then I treated it with some kind of product, I completely forgot the name - whatever they gave me at the garden store was what they sprayed on. The feathers were not eaten after processing, but the bulbs were saved.

Source: dacha.wcb.ru

Elvi

This year I was able to better dry the onions immediately after harvesting, I treated them with potassium permanganate. Next year, before planting and after harvesting, I will treat it with Maxim - it kills fungal infections.

Source: fialka.tomsk.ru

How to prevent the occurrence of the disease?

This disease of onions (as well as other garden crops) is insidious, and treatment will require a lot of time, effort, as well as certain financial expenses. In addition, any pesticide is a harmful and toxic drug, and therefore gardeners are doing their best to avoid using them. In this case, preventive measures come to the fore, and as practice shows, they give very good results.

To grow onions, you need to purchase high-quality seed material. Today there are no varieties or hybrids that are completely unaffected by downy mildew. But there are those that have a certain resistance to the disease:

• Zolotnik;
• Oporto;
• Stuttgarten Riesen;
• Christina;
• Farmer and others.

The problem can be partly solved by planting onions of early varieties, which have time to “escape” the disease. Zoned varieties suffer less from downy mildew, as well as various interspecific hybrids (Emerald, Golden Domes, Sigma).

When determining a location for an onion bed, it is important to choose areas that are evenly illuminated by the sun. Lowlands and areas with high groundwater flow are not suitable for growing this crop.

It is unacceptable to grow onions for several seasons in a row in the same place. It is desirable that the predecessors of the crop be cabbage, cucumbers, zucchini or pumpkin. On such ridges, the likelihood of being affected by peronosporosis is sharply reduced. The onion can be returned to the same place no earlier than after 4 years.

The preparation of beds for planting onions is carried out in the fall. This allows, firstly, to better prepare the place for the crop, and secondly, deep digging contributes to the death of spores of the infectious fungus.

IMPORTANT! In the fall, it is recommended to apply fertilizers when digging: compost, humus, excluding the addition of fresh manure.

When planning plantings in the garden, it is recommended to avoid close proximity to beds with annual and perennial onions.

It is mandatory to prepare seed material for planting. To do this, the bulb sets are heated and soaked in special solutions. Potassium permanganate (pink solution), as well as any growth stimulants, are suitable for this. The bulbs are heated at a temperature of 38-40ºC for up to half a day.

Disinfection and soaking are carried out before sowing nigella. Also, one of the effective measures to prevent peronosporosis will be planting sets or sowing nigella seeds before winter.

The list of mandatory agricultural practices includes loosening, weeding, and regular watering.

IMPORTANT! It is necessary to follow onion planting patterns, avoiding thickening. Thinning the plants can help with this.

If there are infected plants on the ridge, you must immediately carefully remove them and burn them.

Excessive doses of nitrogen fertilizers can provoke the disease and the appearance of peronosporosis. The introduction of mullein or bird droppings into onion beds is allowed only in the first period of the growing season, in strictly defined proportions.

Excessive watering of onions, which leads to waterlogging of the soil, is not allowed.

You may be interested in: Dates for planting leeks for seedlings in 2022 throughout Russia Dates for planting onion sets in 2022 for feathers and turnips in different regions of Russia Harvesting onions according to the lunar calendar 2022 in Siberia

Preventive measures are simple; following them will prevent the appearance of a dangerous and insidious disease in onion beds. But if the infection does occur, surgical treatment will be required.

Chemicals to combat powdery mildew

1. One of the surest ways to combat the parasite is to treat the plant at the initial stage of the disease with colloidal sulfur. The fungicide is sold in powder form and diluted at the rate of 30 g per 10 liters. water. The air temperature at which it is recommended to carry out treatment should range between +20 +28 degrees.
2. The drug Tiovit Jet has sulfur as its main active ingredient, so the method of dilution and use is similar to colloidal sulfur.
3. The most common drug “Topaz” effectively copes with the fungus both in the early stages of manifestation and in the later stages. The solution is prepared at the rate of 5 liters. Take 2 ml of water. facilities. It is advisable to repeat the treatment after two weeks.
4. Many gardeners use Skor, which is most effective at +14 +25 degrees. The solution is prepared from 1 ml of the drug and 5 liters. warm water.
5. Strobi is a systemic drug used for many diseases. At 10 l. 2-4 g of the drug is diluted with water.

All of them are unsafe for humans, but powerful against the disease. Use medications only as directed and following safety precautions. The advantage is that they do not need to be used with mandatory frequency. The effectiveness is so high that after the first time the problem will go away. For houseplants, it is recommended to use biofungicides.

Fungicide Strobi

Fungicide Topaz

Fungicide "Acrobat MC"

Means of struggle

You can cope with peronosporosis using various means.

Chemicals

In the fight against downy mildew pathogens, drugs with antifungal activity will help; the chemicals described below are considered the most effective.

Thanos, vdg. The drug contains two active ingredients:

• cymoxanil, 250 g/l;
• famoxadone, 250 g/l.

This makes it more effective because the pathogen does not develop resistance. Thanos is available in a convenient granular form. The granules do not cake, do not generate dust and dissolve well in water. The fungicide has protective and healing properties. Once on plants, the drug solution works as a contact and systemic agent. It is recommended to use to protect crops such as onions, tomatoes, grapes, sunflowers, and potatoes from downy mildew. The Thanos product has a hazard class 3 for people and bees.

Instructions for use in private household plots (Personal subsidiary plots):

• Grape. 4 g per 10 liters of water for treatment against mildew;
• Open ground tomato. 6 g per 10 liters of water against late blight, alternaria;
• Potato. 6 g per 10 liters of water against late blight, alternaria;
• Onions (except feather bows). 12 g per 10 liters of water for treatment against peronosporosis.

Consento, ks. This drug can be safely classified as a modern complex means of treating and protecting plants from downy mildew. It contains two active ingredients:

• fenamidone, 75 g/l;
• propamocarb hydrochloride, 375 g/l.

The product has a systemic effect and is recommended for protection against powdery mildew of cucumbers, onions, potatoes, and tomatoes. The drug can be used at any stage of vegetative development of plants. It is non-addictive and resistant to washing off by rain. Available in the form of a concentrated suspension, it has a third class of danger for people and bees.

Instructions for use in private household plots:

• Potato. 20 ml/5 l of water for treatment against late blight and alternaria;
• Open ground tomato. 20 ml/5 l of water for treatment against late blight and alternaria;
• Open ground cucumber. 20 ml/5 l of water for spraying against downy mildew;
• Onion on turnip. 20 ml/5 l of water against peronosporosis.

Orvego, ks. Refers to drugs against powdery mildew of potatoes and vegetable crops. Contains two active ingredients:

• dimethomorph, 225 g/l;
• ametoctradine, 300 g/l.

The product is produced in the form of a concentrated suspension, has a systemic effect, and works as a healing and protective fungicide. The drug "Orvego" shows excellent resistance to washing off even by prolonged precipitation. The third class of danger for both humans and bees.

Metaxyl, sp. Refers to two-component protective fungicides with systemic and contact action. It contains two active ingredients:

• metalaxyl, 80 g/kg;
• mancozeb, 640 g/kg.

Application on potatoes, cucumbers, onions, tomatoes, grapes. Provides these plants with long-term protection against downy mildew. Available in the form of a wettable powder. Hazard class for people 2, for bees 3.

Kurzat R, sp. Refers to copper-containing fungicides of contact and systemic action. It contains two active ingredients:

• copper oxychloride, 689.5 g/kg;
• cymoxanil, 42 g/kg.

It is used as a protective and healing fungicide on potatoes, grapes, and vegetable crops. Penetrates through tissue and destroys powdery mildew pathogens from the underside of leaf blades. Available in the form of a wettable powder. Hazard class three for humans and bees.

Instructions for use in private household plots:

• 50 g/10 l of water for treating potatoes, open ground tomatoes and onions (except for feathers) against late blight/peronospora.
• 25-30 g/10 l of water for treating open ground cucumbers and grapes against downy mildew/mildew.
• 25-30g/15-20 l of water for treating cucumbers in protected soil against downy mildew.

Ordan, sp. Complex fungicide of contact and systemic action. Contains active ingredients almost the same as Kurzat R:

• cymoxanil, 42 g/kg;
• copper oxychloride, 689 g/kg.

Available in the form of a wettable powder, it is designed for the treatment and prevention of downy mildew on plantings of potatoes, onions, cucumbers, tomatoes, and grapes. Hazard class for people 3, for bees 3.

Instructions for use for private household plots:

• 25 g/5 l of water for spraying cucumbers, open ground tomatoes and potatoes against peronospora/late blight and alternaria.
• 25 g/8 l of water for treating cucumber and tomato in protected soil against peronospora/late blight and alternaria.

Ridomil Gold MC. Active ingredients of the drug:

• mancozeb (640 g/kg);
• mefenoxam (40 g/kg).

Ridomil Gold belongs to the chemical class dithiocarbamates + other substances. The substance is formulated in the form of water-dispersible granules. The drug has contact and systemic routes of penetration. And it acts on the plant as a protective and healing fungicide. Ridomil Gold is considered one of the most effective remedies not only against peronospora, but also against such plant diseases as Alternaria. The downside is the 2nd class of danger to humans, due to this the release time for manual work after treatment is a week. Hazard class for bees: third.

Also, for the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases, including downy mildew, you can use the following chemicals:

• Previkur Energy VK;
• Zorwek Enkantia, SE;
• Revus, KS;
• Signum, VDG.

Table: drugs against peronospora and instructions for their use in agriculture

Biological agents

You can cope with a dangerous disease with the help of biological preparations that are safe both for the future harvest and for the environment:

1. Baksis, w. A bacterial preparation containing a live culture of Bacillus subtilis, lat. Bacillus subtilis, strain 63 – Z. Actively acts after spore germination. The process takes from 4 to 24 hours. Effectiveness lasts for 14 – 21 days. Recommended for use against downy mildew on potatoes, sugar beets, open and closed ground cucumbers, grapes, and tomatoes. Release form: liquid. Hazard class for both people and bees 3.

2. Rizoplan, w . Bacterial fungicide based on a live culture of fluorescent pseudomonad bacteria, lat. Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain AP-33. Available in liquid form, it has a short shelf life, it is equal to 1 month from the date of release. Suitable for protection against peronosporosis of such crops as sugar beets, potatoes, grapes. Hazard class for people and bees 3.
3. Trichoderma veride, sp . Biological preparation for protecting plants from downy mildew based on living spores and mycelium of the fungus Trichoderma green, lat. Trichoderma viride. Suitable for treating seeds, disinfecting soil, and spraying cultivated plants. Hazard class for people 4, for bees 3.
4. Fitosporin-M KS . Biofungicide against pathogens of bacterial and fungal diseases.
5. Gamair, KS . A biological fungicide used to protect cultivated plants against a number of diseases caused by fungal and bacterial pathogens.

Traditional methods

Many gardeners and gardeners prefer only traditional methods of combating downy mildew.

Milk and iodine mixture

To prepare the milk solution you will need:

• milk 1% 1.0 l;
• iodine alcohol solution 5% 40 drops;
• grated laundry soap 35 - 40 g;
• water 9 l.

1. Add iodine to milk.
2. Add soap shavings and stir.
3. Add 9 liters of water.
4. Spray the plants.
5. Repeat treatments once every 10 days.

Ash infusion

To prepare the infusion you will need:

2 tbsp ash;

boiling water 2 l;

water 8 l.

1. Pour the ash into a suitable container.
2. Pour boiling water over the contents. Stir and let stand for an hour.
3. Fold the gauze into four layers and strain the contents.
4. Pour the solution into a container with 8 liters of water. Stir.
5. Spray the plants with an ash solution. Repeat the procedure every 10 – 14 days.

Milk serum

Sour whey has destructive properties for pathogens of downy mildew. But it is harmless to plants and contains a number of plant-nutritive elements. Whey is suitable for any dairy product. To prepare a fungicidal folk remedy for fungal diseases, the whey is mixed with water in a ratio of 1 to 10, mixed well and treated with plants. This is done in the evening or morning, or during the day only in cloudy weather. The temperature of the liquid being processed should be 15-20 degrees.

Margontsovka

Potassium permanganate (Kalii permanganas) has long been used for many diseases and to prevent their occurrence on most cultivated and indoor plants. And it is considered one of the best drugs for folk use against harmful pathogens. In order to stop the development of fungal diseases on plants, including peronosporosis, it is necessary to dilute 1-2 grams of potassium permanganate in 10 liters of lukewarm and clean water. Stir thoroughly so that no crystals of potassium permanganate powder remain. Next, spray the plants evenly.