A variety with high yield and early ripening - Malinovka cherry

Characteristics of the variety

• The variety cannot be called precocious;
• The fruit ripening period is mid-late or late, depending on the region. Most cleaning is done at the end of July;
• the yield exceeds the average and reaches 14 t/ha;
• In general, Malinovka’s disease resistance is quite good. There is an average resistance to coccomycosis, weaker to moniliosis;
• The winter hardiness of cherries for the growing regions is high - it can withstand -25°C. The crown and flower buds show results above average. But return spring frosts can pose a danger;
• the commercial quality of the fruit is high;
• The way to eat berries is universal.

The culture is self-sterile, which means that without a pollinator it is not able to show its potential. Therefore, you need to select neighbors who bloom at the same time as the described variety. Lyubskaya, Molodezhnaya, Vladimirskaya or Shubinka will best cope with the task. By the way, if the garden area does not allow planting a whole tree, then a pollinator branch can be grafted into the crown of the Robin.

Characteristics

Malinovka cherry belongs to those varieties that are distinguished by a late ripening period, but rather high yield. In addition, the culture is excellent for industrial use.

Drought resistance, winter hardiness

A distinctive feature and advantage of Malinovka is its high resistance to severe frosts, even in weather conditions when the ambient temperature drops below - 25°C, as well as to drought.

Of course, with an extreme lack of moisture or very low temperatures, some buds may die, however, this will not cause much harm to the entire tree as a whole.

Pollination, flowering period and ripening time

One of the disadvantages of this variety is its self-sterility, that is, the plant blooms, but no fruit is formed on the tree. To obtain a harvest, it is necessary to plant other varieties nearby.

The main pollinators of the Malinovka cherry:

In addition, Malinovka is one of those varieties that are characterized by a late ripening period; the tree begins to bear fruit in late July - early August. Accordingly, the flowering period occurs at the end of spring.

Productivity, fruiting

The robin has a fairly high yield: about 10-13 tons of berries can be collected from one hectare. And, perhaps, it is precisely because of the late period of fruiting that the berries have high marketability and taste qualities of the fruit.

Area of ​​application of berries

Malinovka cherries are mostly used on an industrial scale in the production of compotes, jams, preserves and other products. The berries are stored for a long time without losing their presentation.

Resistance to diseases and pests

This variety is characterized by average resistance to diseases and pests, in particular coccomycosis, moniliosis, and hole spot. However, with proper care and timely treatment of the plant with the necessary preparations, it is possible to avoid the development of the disease and its further appearance on other trees.

Advantages and disadvantages

Based on the above, the main advantages of the Malinovka variety are:

• late ripening;
• resistance to low temperatures and other adverse environmental conditions;
• high productivity;
• high commercial quality of fruits.

The disadvantages, in turn, include:

• self-sterility, requiring planting of other cherry varieties in the vicinity;
• insufficiently high resistance to some pests and fungal diseases.

Despite this, the Malinovka variety is very popular and is grown in many regions of our country. Moreover, the fruits are used in the production of jams, compotes and other products.

Cherry Malinovka characteristics

Trees 3-3.5 meters high with a dense, slightly elevated crown in the form of a sphere (sometimes rounded).

• The leaves are standard in size, dark green on top, ribbed and light on the back.
• Annual growths bear fruit.
• The berries are medium-sized (3-4 grams), semi-dry, bright red in color.
• Small seeds are easy to separate from the pulp.

The crown is formed without tiers. Single branches are laid on the main conductor at a height of up to 30-40 cm. Branches growing in different directions are selected (this prevents plexus). The distance between them is approximately 15 cm. The maximum number of branches of the frame is ten, they must be formed in 4 (preferably 3) seasons.

You can read more about other varieties of cherries in the article The best varieties of cherries.

Advantages

Malinovka cherries ripen by the end of July. From 1 hectare it is possible to collect up to 14 tons. Tolerates frosts satisfactorily (there is a possibility of buds freezing).

• large harvests;
• ripening later;
• low tree height;
• cold resistance.

The disadvantage is that the flowers are unisexual. The best pollinators for the Malinovka cherry: Vladimirskaya, Lyubskaya, Shubinka. Reviews from gardeners about the Malinovka cherry indicate that it loves warmth and sun. Most often consumed processed. The variety is high-yielding, ripens late, and has good commercial characteristics.

The best varieties of cherries for the northern regions

Ashinskaya

It is considered the best variety for the northern regions. A low-growing shrub, whose height does not exceed 1.5 meters, can tolerate frosts down to -55 degrees

. Also has drought resistance. The berries are dark in color, with dense pulp and a slightly astringent, sweet and sour taste. The bone is small and easy to remove. Flowering occurs from the beginning of April; the shrub produces its first harvest at 4 years of age.

Ob

A low shrub whose height is only 130 centimeters. Fruiting occurs on annual growths. The berries are small, dark red in color, with good taste and a small, easily separated seed.

. Fruit ripening occurs in mid-July. The Ob is able to withstand severe frosts and drought, but is highly susceptible to attack by pests. The variety is self-fertile and does not require pollination.

Altai swallow

A low-growing bush, no more than 150 centimeters high. The berries are round in shape and medium in size, with excellent taste and juiciness.

. Fruit ripening occurs in mid-July. The yield of the variety is very different from trees growing in the southern regions, and is only 5 kilograms. The Altai swallow tolerates frost and drought well and is immune to many diseases. It is also a pollinator for many cherry varieties.

For the northern regions, the Novoaltaiskaya and Metelitsa varieties may be suitable.

Caring for Malinovka cherries

Before the first fruiting, caring for cherries is very simple. If you fed the seedling during planting, then there is no longer a need for fertilizers. The main thing is not to forget to get rid of weeds, water the cherries in hot weather and sometimes loosen the soil. In September, dig up the soil in the circle around the trunk, but no deeper than 10 cm; the roots of cherries lie close to the surface. Do not leave litter under the tree for the winter; this is a favorable environment for the development of pathogens, including the causative agents of coccomycosis.

When the cherry tree begins to bloom and bear fruit, caring for it becomes more difficult.

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• In hot weather, during the period of active vegetative growth, flowering or fruiting, cherries require more moisture, so water them with at least three buckets of water. The last moisture-recharging irrigation is carried out in the fall at the end of September in dry weather. You need to pour ten buckets of water under the cherry.
• Fertilize with mineral and organic fertilizers at least three times per season. Apply fertilizer a third time in the fall during digging.
• Lime the soil at a distance of 1.5 m from the trunk every five years. This will help prevent the ovaries from falling off.
• Don’t forget to mulch the soil every year after the snow melts with sawdust, peat, pine needles or spunbond.
• In spring or autumn, prune, removing excess, diseased and broken shoots.

Cherry feeding

It is recommended to feed the cherries for the first time in the spring during the flowering period with mineral and organic fertilizers. Satisfy the plant's nitrogen needs with urea or ammonium nitrate. Urea or saltpeter is diluted in a ratio of 20–30 g per 10 liters of water. Consumption per bush - two buckets. Fertilizer is applied to the tree trunk circle.

Manure is the most popular organic fertilizer. It is also added to the tree trunk circle at the rate of 4–5 kg per 1 square meter. m. Use only rotted manure. The effect of fresh manure when applied in the spring will be noticeable only in the second half of summer.

In spring, chicken manure can also be used as organic matter. The litter is diluted with water at the rate of 1:15. Consumption of half a bucket of solution per 1 sq. m. Be careful: a too concentrated solution of chicken manure will injure the roots of the cherry.

During fruiting, the Robin will again need a supply of nitrogen and a share of organic matter.

Autumn fertilizing is needed primarily to replenish the supply of microelements in the soil. The most popular fertilizer at this time is ordinary wood ash, containing the required amount of potassium and phosphorus. Ash is added at the rate of 1 kg per 1 sq. m. The ash is scattered over the surface of the soil, then dug up.

Subsequent care of the crop

Further care of the cherry tree includes timely trimming of the top of the tree and excess branches, the formation of a neat crown, as well as regular removal of weeds around the tree.

Special care is required for the Robin during flowering and fruiting. During hot periods, it is recommended to water generously with at least 10 liters of water. In the spring and autumn seasons, it is also necessary to remove all broken or diseased shoots.

Three times a season you need to apply mineral and organic fertilizers and do not forget to loosen the soil around the tree from time to time. The following can be used as feeding:

• urea or saltpeter - 20-30 g per 10 liters of water;
• manure - 4 kg per 1 sq. m. area around the tree;
• ash – 1 kg per 1 sq. m. of soil, usually applied in the autumn.

Compliance with the basic rules of care will allow you to achieve high yields of Malinovka cherries.

Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention

The main disadvantage of this variety is its low resistance to fungal infections. The main types of diseases are presented in the table.

Advice! All of the above methods are suitable not only for Malinovka, but also for other varieties of cherries.

To prevent the appearance of fungal infections, it is recommended to regularly inspect trees, especially branches and leaves.

Disease resistance and winter hardiness

As for frost resistance, Izobilnaya was originally bred for regions with cold winters. Freezing of tree buds and bark occurs very rarely. However, experienced gardeners recommend covering young seedlings for the winter and mulching the soil with peat and sawdust. An adult tree does not need additional shelter. But the culture’s resistance to common fungal diseases of stone fruits (coccomycosis and moniliosis) is average. For preventive purposes, they are treated with copper-containing preparations three times a season.

Of the insects, the tree most often suffers from aphids and slimy sawflies, which damage leaves and fruits. Timely treatment with folk remedies makes it possible to prevent a massive pest invasion.

Chemical composition of berries

The calorie content per 10 g of berries is 52 kcal.

The cherry leaf is also of great value; its chemical composition is no worse than that of the berries. Experienced housewives use the leaves in cooking along with spices. The leaves are added to marinades, especially when preparing cucumbers, and are also used when making jam. There is a “royal” recipe for gooseberry jam, cooked with syrup infused with cherry leaves. And they are used not only in cooking. The rich composition has healing properties that are actively used in folk medicine.

Read also: Tomato Zimarevsky giant: description of the variety, photos, reviews

Agricultural technology: basic techniques

Caring for young seedlings is simple:

• loosening the soil;
• watering in hot weather;
• weeding.

The roots of the Malinovka cherry lie shallow, in the surface layers, so they loosen it carefully, trying not to touch the plant.

Water in hot weather and if there is not enough rainfall. After the leaves fall in the fall, they must be removed from the trees. The fallen leaves contain pathogens of fungal diseases that are dangerous for the Robin, so all the litter is destroyed. Also in the fall, it is advisable to very carefully dig up the soil in the circle of cherry trees.

Top dressing

Malinovka cherry does not require fertilizing during the period before fruiting begins (up to 4 years after planting). But only on the condition that during planting all the necessary nutrients were added to the pits, the area was fertilized.

Then, in the 4th year after planting, in the spring the cherries are fed with organic matter. To do this, dilute urea (20 grams per 10 liters of water), add the composition to the tree trunk circle. Instead of urea, use mullein or bird droppings (diluted 1:10 or 1:15), or simply rotted manure (3-5 kg ​​per 1 square meter of tree trunk circle).

Fertilizing is repeated during the flowering period and the beginning of ovary formation. In the fall, potassium and phosphorus additives are added, for which superphosphate or wood ash are suitable. Fertilizers are sprinkled on the ground, then the soil is dug up.

ON A NOTE! In autumn, nitrogen compounds are not applied, as they stimulate shoot growth.

It is advisable to combine fertilizing with watering.

Watering

Water the Malinovka during the flowering period, when the fruits begin to form, as well as in the fall (after leaf fall). In dry weather, watering is carried out more often, while at the same time avoiding excessive waterlogging of the soil.

To preserve moisture, it is recommended to mulch the tree trunk circle. Peat, ephedra, and sawdust are suitable.

Trimming

A cherry tree is formed by pruning, thereby obtaining a crown of the correct shape. The seedlings are left with strong branches that will be skeletal, and all parallel and weak ones are cut out.

In the spring, diseased, frozen and deformed shoots are cut off, covering all cuts with varnish or a special ointment.

Spring pruning is carried out before the sap begins to flow, although dry branches can be cut as soon as the buds begin to swell.

In autumn, cherries need to prepare for wintering, and this is especially important for trees growing in regions of risky farming. Gardeners in the southern regions carry out work until November, but in the northern regions they will have to hurry up and have time to do the pruning at the end of August or beginning of September

IMPORTANT! Young seedlings are not pruned before the first winter, so as not to weaken them. But we must remember that all cuts must have time to heal before the onset of cold weather

In mature trees, those shoots that interfere with others, as well as those that escape from the crown, are pruned.

But we must remember that all cuts must have time to heal before the onset of cold weather. In mature trees, those shoots that interfere with others, as well as those that get out of the crown, are pruned.

The stumps are not left; during frosts, gum forms on them.

Prevention and control of diseases

The Malinovka variety is not particularly resistant to diseases, so it is necessary to follow the rules of agricultural technology and spray the trees. It is easier to carry out prevention and protect the crop from infections, as well as dangerous pests, than to engage in surgical treatment later.

For moniliosis, a dangerous fungal infection, treatments in the spring (before the buds swell) and in the fall (after the leaves fall) with Bordeaux mixture (1%) and copper sulfate are effective. If the tree is sick, then promptly cut off all damaged shoots and treat the cherries with Skor and Kuprozan.

Treating cherries before leaf fall with a urea solution and removing all plant debris from the area are simple measures to combat coccomycosis. Trees planted in low-lying wet areas are at risk. Treatment of coccomycosis: during the flowering period with Ordan or Oxyx, after harvesting with preparations containing copper. In spring, cherries are sprayed with a solution of Bordeaux mixture (3%).

The Malinovka variety is susceptible to rust when red spots appear on the leaf blades. In order to rid cherries of this bending, it is recommended not to plant fruit trees near conifers, but to spray them regularly in the spring with copper sulfate (1%).

Pest Control

Cherry aphids cause great damage to the Robin, and the drugs Fufanon, Bankol and others help get rid of them. Prevention: treating trees with infusions of tobacco dust, soap solutions. A good effect is achieved by destroying garden ants that feed on the sweet secretions of aphids, and therefore “breed” entire colonies of these insects. No ants, no dangerous cherry aphids.

To prevent the appearance of the cherry weevil, you will need to regularly inspect flowering trees, removing damaged cherry flowers, be sure to bleach the trunks every fall, and dig up the trunk circle. Of the chemicals, the most effective are Actellik and Rovikurt.

Malinovka cherry is a productive and frost-resistant variety, valued by gardeners for its excellent taste and high commercial qualities. Caring for this cherry is quite simple, so Malinovka is grown for industrial purposes, as well as in the gardens of summer residents in various regions of the Russian Federation.

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Harvesting

The robin ripens closer to August. To pick berries, you should choose a dry and fine day, the first half of it, but after the morning dew has dried.

Two collection methods:

• manually;
• mechanically.

The summer resident collects the berries by hand, since picking several trees is not a very difficult or time-consuming task. However, manual assembly also involves different techniques:

• with a stalk (using pruning shears);
• with a cutting;
• without cuttings.

The first and second methods allow you to preserve berries for some time and transport them, but the third is used if the summer resident does not intend to store the berries, but plans to prepare compote, jam, or simply treat himself and his family to eating fresh fruits.

For storage, berries are placed in boxes or wicker baskets - this way the product is naturally ventilated and does not rot longer.

The gardener uses devices to make work easier:

• If the tree is very tall, you cannot do without a ladder.
• Hooks for pulling up the upper branches.
• Fruit pickers-nets (but they injure the fruits, the juice leaks out, and the berries must be consumed quickly).

Planting and care

The soil

Like any crop, cherries require high-quality soil. The requirements for it are as follows:

• sandy loam, that is, the amount of sand should exceed the content of loam;
• loose;
• deep groundwater;
• nutritional value (light sandy soil is much less fertile than loam, so fertilizer is required).

How to plant cherries

It is best to plant it in the spring, but the seedlings should be buried in the fall and covered with coniferous paws for the winter.

1. A planting hole about half a meter deep and 70-80 cm in diameter should also be prepared in the fall - acidity reduced (dolomite flour or lime is mixed with organic matter, complex mineral fertilizer is added).
2. A mound is made in the center of the pit, on which the tree is placed, and the root system is carefully spread along the slopes of the earthen hill.
3. The root collar cannot be buried; it must be at soil level.
4. After the tree is planted, it is mulched with peat or humus.

After planting a seedling, the absorption of nutrients occurs within two years. After this period, the tree needs to be fed. If this is not done, the plant will begin to wither - growth will slow down, the risk of diseases will increase, and productivity will decrease.

The distance between trees is approximately 3 meters. For cross-pollination, it is correct to plant several different varieties.

Cherry food

Its set is traditional - organic matter, nitrogen and mineral fertilizer.

In the fall, cherries are fed with potassium and phosphorus fertilizers, and in the spring with nitrogen fertilizers.

The first feeding is carried out after flowering, the second - 15-20 days after the first.

Watering

After the tree has flowered, it must be watered properly - the process of formation of berries begins, they need a lot of moisture, but there is no need to create a swamp on the site, the earth should be saturated half a meter deep.

Trimming

Crown formation is an important part of cherry tree care. This must be started immediately after the tree is planted.

There should be no branches at a height of 40-50 cm from the ground.

After trimming

Next, the skeleton of the crown is formed, the main rule is to leave the branches evenly, remove all those growing inward towards the trunk.

Cherries produce abundant growth from the roots - you need to part with it so as not to draw the juices out of the tree.

Cherry Malinovka care

Caring for cherries does not require much effort; you need to:

• trim the crowns in a timely manner;
• weed out weeds around the trunks;
• apply fertilizing in a timely manner.

With normal precipitation, watering is necessary before flowering, 2 times during the formation of berries, 30 days before the first frost. In the spring, fertilizing consists of nitrogen; in the summer, phosphorus and potassium are needed; during the autumn digging process, superphosphate is added.

Since Malinovka is a bush cherry according to its characteristics, strong buds are located on the tops of the shoots. If there is only one bud, the branch dries out after shortening. Therefore, it is advisable to cut out exclusively lateral branches, branches growing upward, damaged by frost, disease, and insects. It is advisable to shorten the trunk (it can be only 20 cm higher than the frame branches).

Seasonal sanitary pruning is required. It can be done at any time. Experienced gardeners do not recommend cutting in autumn. The tree may suffer if the cutting areas are not healed until the first frost.

Diseases of the Malinovka cherry

Most often, this variety is affected by cherry fungal diseases coccomycosis and moniliosis. With coccomycosis, white seals with a pink tint appear on the outer surfaces of the leaves and fruits of the Malinovka cherry. And with moniliosis, the foliage looks as if it was burned.

Another disease that occurs is hole spotting, which affects the leaves. First, holes appear, then the foliage and fruits dry out.

It is necessary to cut out the diseased part of the crown, burn the fruits and leaves. Anthracosis appears as a pink coating on the berries. Needs to be removed. To stop the development of the disease, you need to spray the trees with Polyram 3 times.

Gum discharge is a consequence of spotting and anthracosis. Gum begins to ooze from the branches and trunk. This subsequently leads to the death of the cherry bush.

Pests of cherry robins

• Aphid;
• weevils;
• sawflies;
• shoot moth.

The need for pollinators and average resistance to fungal diseases can create inconvenience. Gardeners are attracted by the ease of care. Pests and diseases are the same as other varieties. Spraying is carried out during bud formation.

• The cherry aphid dries the leaves by drawing out the juice from them. Reproduction is facilitated by weeds around the trunk. They need to be removed and the soil dug up.
• The weevil is capable of completely depriving the crop, as it eats buds and flowers and leaves eggs in the fruits. In the fall, it is necessary to dig up the soil next to the trunks, and in the spring, knock down and destroy insects.
• The sawfly lays larvae on the leaves, which later eat the fruits. After harvesting the fruits, it is necessary to spray the trees with special compounds. The shoot moth eats buds, buds, and foliage.

For a small summer cottage, Malinovka is rarely chosen because of the need for a pollinator (the area is not enough to plant a large number of trees).

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Diseases and pests

Novella is resistant to coccomycosis and moniliosis.
A sign of moniliosis are lifeless hanging tips of young shoots and browned leaves. Coccomycosis manifests itself as spotting on the leaves.

Fortunately, Novella is rarely affected by these diseases and locally. If diseases are detected, the affected branches must be cut off and burned.

Since the source of primary infection is fallen leaves, it is better to burn them in the fall as a preventive measure.

Zhukovskaya, Mayak, Malinovka and Podbelskaya can boast of particular resistance to coccomycosis.

One-sided ugly berries are a sign that cherries have been chosen by the most passionate admirer of this culture - the cherry weevil - a small bug with a long proboscis.

He is very careful; when a person approaches, he immediately falls into the grass.

In the ovary, the weevil eats holes or eats them completely. The larvae, gnawing holes in the seeds, feed on the kernel.

Ways to fight:

• It is necessary to collect carrion every day, then the larvae will not have time to go into the ground.
• When harvesting, you need to put a cloth on the bottom of the container, leave the fruits overnight, and destroy the larvae that have accumulated at the bottom.
• The pits of eaten affected cherries should be burned.
• To reduce the pest population, it is necessary to dig up and loosen the tree trunk in spring and autumn.

Folk remedies for cherry weevil:

• Pour 1.5 kg of tomato tops into a bucket of water and boil for half an hour. Cool the solution and add 40 g of soap, strain and spray the trees.
• Grind 350 g of wormwood and add a bucket of water. Leave for 24 hours, boil for half an hour, add 40 g of soap, strain and spray on the trees.
• In addition to the weevil, other pests also attack cherries: cherry flies, shoot moths, sawflies, and tubeworms. They should be controlled using insecticides according to the instructions.

Those who have already tried Novella in their gardens were not disappointed with the results.

With proper care, the variety causes a minimum of trouble and pleases gardeners with a generous harvest.

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Cherry variety Malinovka

Cherries come in different tastes and colors, but they still remain a favorite tree for many gardeners. It is beautiful in the spring, during flowering, decorates the garden during the fruiting period and delights with the taste of juicy berries. Varieties that bear fruit in the middle and late periods help to extend the period of consumption of your favorite fruits. This includes a crop with such a summer name - Malinovka. The new product appeared in 1977, it was announced by the All-Russian Selection and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery Growing. The authors are H.K. Enikeev and S.N. Saratov. The variety has been under state variety testing since 1978. The date of entry into the State Register is 1989. Admission regions: Central, Middle Volga, Ural.

Description

The tree is not very tall - 3 - 3.5 meters in height. It is decorated with a spherical, thick, slightly raised crown. The leaves are of normal size, with a crenate edge, elliptical in shape with a sharply pointed apex and a rounded base, green in color. The surface of the plate is ribbed and glossy. The underside of the leaf is lighter. The petiole is not very long and not thick. Fruiting occurs on last year's growths. Blooms in June.

The drupe cannot be called large, its weight is 3.5 - 4 grams. The shape is round, with a wide shallow funnel and a rounded top. The skin is thin, dense, and turns dark red when ripe. The pulp is dense, tender, juicy, red in color. The juice is dark red. According to these indicators, cherries can be classified as a popular variety - morel. The taste of Robin berries is sweet and sour. The peduncle is thin and short. The separation is semi-dry. The bone is large, oval. It separates easily from the pulp, which greatly facilitates processing.

Characteristics of the variety

• The variety cannot be called precocious;
• The fruit ripening period is mid-late or late, depending on the region. Most cleaning is done at the end of July;
• the yield exceeds the average and reaches 14 t/ha;
• In general, Malinovka’s disease resistance is quite good. There is an average resistance to coccomycosis, weaker to moniliosis;
• The winter hardiness of cherries for the growing regions is high - it can withstand -25°C. The crown and flower buds show results above average. But return spring frosts can pose a danger;
• the commercial quality of the fruit is high;
• The way to eat berries is universal.

Pollinators

The culture is self-sterile, which means that without a pollinator it is not able to show its potential. Therefore, you need to select neighbors who bloom at the same time as the described variety. Lyubskaya, Molodezhnaya, Vladimirskaya or Shubinka will best cope with the task. By the way, if the garden area does not allow planting a whole tree, then a pollinator branch can be grafted into the crown of the Robin.

Planting and growing

The variety prefers light sandy loam soils with neutral acidity. Cherries react extremely negatively to waterlogging of the root system, so the location should be dry, with a groundwater level no closer than 1.20 - 1.50 meters to the surface. Lighting also matters. In a shaded area, the berries will be small and sour. Proper pruning will allow you to regulate the yield, increase the sugar content and size of the drupes, and keep the development of diseases under control.

The robin is good for private gardens and for industrial breeding. This is facilitated by good harvests, marketability of fruits and their universal use. The late ripening period is also a plus.

The variety has few disadvantages and is easy to deal with. The self-sterility of cherries requires the presence of a pollinator nearby. Resistance to diseases will be increased by preventive treatments, which should not be neglected.

Description of the Malinovka variety

Selection work and testing of the Malinovka cherry variety first began at VSTISP in 1978, and was included in the State Register of Varieties in 1989 for the Central, Middle Volga (Samara Region, Republic of Mordovia) and Ural (Republic of Bashkortostan) regions.

The Malinovka cherry variety is a medium-sized tree 3–4 meters high. The crown is medium dense, spherical. The leaves are glossy with a crenate edge.

The berries are juicy, dark red, round, medium in size, reaching 3–4 years. The seeds are large, but easily separated from the pulp, which has a pleasant, sweet and sour taste. The berries ripen mid-late, occurring at the end of July - beginning of August. Berries are formed only on one-year-old branches. The robin begins to bear fruit at the age of 3–5 years.

Malinovka is a technical variety, but this does not mean that it is grown only in hectares and collected in tons for industrial purposes. The technical status means that the fruits of this cherry are ideal for making compotes, preserves, jams and jellies.

An excellent option for compotes and jams

The main disadvantage of the variety is self-sterility. This means that not far from Malinovka it is necessary to plant cherries of any other variety for cross-pollination. Only in this case, long-awaited berries will appear in place of the flowers. The best pollinators of Malinovka varieties are: Vladimirskaya, Lyubskaya and Shubinka.

Self-sterility (or autosterility) is a common phenomenon among varieties of the apple family. Plums, cherries, pears and apple trees are often susceptible to it. If pollen of the same variety falls on the pistil of such a variety, then fertilization does not occur and there is no point in waiting for berries. This is such a common phenomenon that if the characteristics of a variety do not indicate its self-fertility, then it is probably self-sterile.

The variety can withstand even severe frosts below -25 degrees, although some flower buds freeze slightly at such extreme temperatures, but this does not cause much harm to the crop.

Resistance to diseases varies: to coccomycosis - below average, to moniliosis - weak.

Optimal growing regions

Since breeders have developed dozens of winter-hardy cherry varieties, they have been grown in almost all regions of Russia

When choosing a variety for planting, it is important to correlate its frost resistance - the lowest possible temperature withstandable - with the winter temperatures characteristic of a particular region. Depending on climatic conditions, the appearance of the plant is formed - in the form of a tree or in the form of a bush. The first cherry trees did not feel comfortable even in the middle zone, but today’s varieties are hardy and frost-resistant, and have moved far to the north

Today, dukes grow and bear fruit in the Leningrad, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk regions, Siberia, and the Far East

The first cherry trees did not feel comfortable even in the middle zone, but today’s varieties are hardy and frost-resistant, and have moved far to the north. Today, dukes grow and bear fruit in the Leningrad, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk regions, Siberia, and the Far East.

The history of the creation of the Shchedraya variety

The described variety belongs to the type of bush or steppe cherries, which differ from ordinary cherries in being more resilient to low temperatures, drought, diseases and pests. Generous was bred at the Sverdlovsk horticultural selection station by scientists N.I. Gvozdyukova and S.V. Zhukov. They carried out open pollination of the Michurin steppe myrtle-leaved cherry Ideal. From the resulting seedlings, a new variety Shchedraya was selected.

I. V. Michurin called Ideal a first-class variety, since it is distinguished by high winter hardiness and exceptional hardiness: it requires absolutely no care, can grow without watering, loosening and fertilizing, while giving high yields and quickly reproducing shoots. The pale pink fruits have a great flavor but are quite small. This unique plant has the ability to easily cross with other varieties of cherries. Ideal became the parent form for many domestic cherry varieties.

Shchedraya has an excellent “parent” - a winter-hardy and extremely unpretentious Michurin variety of steppe myrtle-leaved cherry Ideal

Since 1955, Shchedraya cherries have been undergoing variety testing, and in 1959 they were approved for cultivation in the Volga-Vyatka, Ural and West Siberian regions. The unpretentious variety quickly became popular in latitudes with difficult climatic conditions; it was highly appreciated for industrial cultivation in the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions. Generous has a number of selection-significant traits: winter hardiness, productivity, self-fertility, good quality of fruits.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of the breed:

• a small dog that is easy to keep in an apartment or room;
• despite their small stature, they are in good health;
• feeding them will not require much expenditure - they eat little;
• loyal to the owner, will always come to his defense;
• loud barking will warn of intruders;
• if it is not possible to walk the dog, then it can go to a special tray;
• has a cute appearance that many people like;
• It’s easy to move with a toy terrier when moving or traveling;
• Dogs have developed empathy - they feel the mood of the owner.

Minuses:

• with a lack of upbringing they can be aggressive and uncontrollable;
• do not like training, although they are quite smart;
• prone to food allergies;
• have brittle bones, which is why you need to be careful when walking;
• do not get along well with children and may snap or bite;
• They treat all strangers with distrust and may not even accept a family member;
• cannot stand loneliness; against this background, mental instability may develop.

Features of growing Malinovka cherries

The described variety is quite unpretentious, therefore, when cultivating it in general, agricultural techniques usual for the crop are used. If you take into account some varietal characteristics of cherries, plant productivity will increase.

Landing

In the regions where the variety grows, trees are planted in the spring; seedlings planted in the fall may not have time to take root and freeze out. The basic growing conditions are usual for cherries. The landing process also has no special features. The layout of the trees is 3x4 m; you should not plant them thicker, so as not to provoke the development of fungal diseases.

Tree care

There is no information about the drought resistance of the variety, so it is better to water the plants according to a standard schedule. In a season with normal precipitation, trees are watered before flowering, twice after it and a month before the onset of frost. The plants are fed according to the usual scheme, without special features: in the spring the trees need nitrogen, in the summer potassium and phosphorus, in the fall superphosphate is added for digging.

For the Malinovka, a tieless crown formation, often used for cherry trees, is best suited. On the central conductor at a height of 30–40 cm, single branches begin to be laid at a distance of about 15 cm from each other. The main condition for such a formation is that the skeletal branches must be directed in different directions, otherwise they will intertwine. Over 3–4 seasons, up to 10 frame branches are formed.

Tierless crown formation is often used for cherry trees

Since the crown is prone to thickening, and the variety is not resistant to all fungal diseases, sanitary pruning and thinning are mandatory. When pruning for fruiting (shortening), you need to remember that bush-type cherries have the strongest growth bud at the top of the shoot. Sometimes it is the only one, so when shortened, the branch may dry out. It is better not to take risks and cut the shoots only to the side branch, in which the apical bud will definitely grow.

Video: pruning cherries for harvest

Damages dangerous to the variety

The most likely diseases are coccomycosis and moniliosis; the variety has insufficient immunity to them. In order to take timely measures, you should have an understanding of the diseases. They have the following characteristics:

• When affected by coccomycosis, small brown spots appear on the upper side of the leaf blade, and on the opposite side of the affected areas, white-pink compactions of pathogen sporulation form. Premature leaf fall begins.

  With coccomycosis, cherry leaves become covered with brown spots, then they fall off prematurely

• Moniliosis (monilial burn) first affects the leaves, they dry out and become scorched. Then dirty gray growths appear on the fruits and the cherries rot.

  With moniliosis of cherries, the branches and leaves dry out and look like they are burned, and the fruits rot

To prevent the spread of diseases, standard preventive measures are carried out: sanitary work, as well as autumn and early spring treatments with 3% Bordeaux mixture. If prevention turns out to be ineffective, after flowering 2-3 times with a two-week interval, they are treated with fungicides Horus, Abiga-Pik, Skor and others.

The same preventive measures as against diseases will protect plants from attacks by possible pests. But when carrying out preventive treatments with chemicals, it will be necessary to add insecticides to them.

Description and characteristics

The description of the Malinovka cherry variety should begin with the history of origin. It was bred in the Soviet Union by breeders Kh. Enikeev and S. Satarova, employees of the All-Russian Institute of Horticulture and Nursery Growing. These two botanists enriched fruit crops with more than one new variety of berries.

The new species turned out to be cold-resistant and became widespread in the Middle Volga, Ural and Central regions. Malinovka trees are about 3 m in height. The crown of the trees is rounded, dense, and the foliage is dark and small. Cherries are generally smaller than sweet cherries. But this variety is distinguished by its especially miniature size: the weight of a cherry is no more than 4 g. The fruits, although small, are distinguished by a beautiful dark scarlet color and a sweet and sour taste.

Cherries of this variety can be consumed in their natural form or processed - in pies, compotes and jellies. In addition, they are perfectly stored frozen and processed (jams, preserves, preserves). Malinovka cherry is not a self-fertile variety. Trees that will provide pollen are planted next to non-self-pollinating varieties. The choice of Lyubskaya and Vladimirskaya varieties is considered successful. This species is late-ripening, and the main harvest dates are the last week of July - the first week of August.

Landing Features

Proper planting and further care of the crop is a guarantee of a good harvest, resistance to diseases and pests, and full development of the cherry. That is why it is necessary to follow all the recommendations below.

Recommended timing

It is best to plant the robin in the spring and prepare the soil in advance in the fall. This is the most favorable period for planting seedlings, since the risk of droughts or severe frosts is minimized.

Choosing a suitable location

For planting, you should choose a site so that the groundwater lies at a depth of at least 1.8 m underground, and it is better to completely opt for an area without groundwater.

In addition, try to avoid lowlands and too dark places. The soil should be neutral, well-drained, loose and light.

What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries?

When choosing a site for planting cherries, you should also pay attention to neighboring plants. The robin feels great next to cherries, cherry plums, plums and other stone fruits, as well as rowan and hawthorn. But you should not plant cherries next to nightshades, linden, birch, oak, as well as some shrubs, such as raspberries or gooseberries.

The root system of these plants grows so much that it begins to have a detrimental effect on cherries.

But you should not plant cherries next to nightshades, linden, birch, oak, as well as some shrubs, such as raspberries or gooseberries. The root system of these plants grows so much that it begins to have a detrimental effect on the cherry.

Selection and preparation of planting material

When choosing a cherry seedling, pay attention to the following signs:

• the age of the seedling is no more than 2 years;
• the diameter of the root system does not exceed 25-35 cm;
• the tree trunk and shoots have no damage, tears, plaque or signs of fungal disease;
• the roots should be moderately flexible, without swelling or creases.

It is best to purchase seedlings from trusted nurseries that specialize in growing fruit crops.

Landing algorithm

Stages of planting a Robin:

1. Dig a hole no more than 60 cm deep and about 75-80 cm in diameter.
2. Mix the top layer of soil with organic and mineral fertilizers.
3. Drive a stake into the center of the hole and gradually pour the soil and fertilizer mixture into the hole, making a slight rise.
4. Distribute the root system evenly and continue adding the mixture.
5. Spill around the seedling (at least 8-10 liters) and tie the cherry to a peg.

Important! Do not bury the cherry under any circumstances, the plant does not tolerate this.

Diseases and pests of Robins and ways to solve problems

Most diseases of the Robin are fungal in nature. The most common of them are presented in the table.

Cherry aphid

The classic garden pest doesn’t ignore cherries either.

Parasites that are always adjacent to the ants, greedily sucking the juices from the green leaves of the cherry. The classic folk method of fighting aphids is to periodically spray the greens with a soap-tobacco solution. You can also always purchase effective chemicals in the store. For example: Fufanon, Akarin, Actellik, Bankol.

Cherry weevil

This parasite will easily leave you without a berry harvest

Having awakened in the spring, weevils begin to actively suck juice from cherry buds. But they cause the main damage to the crop during flowering. Females lay eggs on newly set berries, gnawing a hole right down to the seed. One female lays more than a hundred eggs. After hatching, the larva begins to eat the juicy pulp of the fruit. Mass reproduction of weevils in a garden plot will lead to complete loss of the crop. To combat weevils, dig up the tree trunk circle, whitewash the trunks, and pick off infected flowers. Of the insecticides against elephants, Rovikurt and Actellik have proven themselves well.

How to care for felt cherries in the garden: how to cover them for the winter (with photo)

Let's continue the story about how to care for felt cherries in order to obtain guaranteed high yields. Trees winter more reliably under snow cover, so in winters with little snow, measures should be taken to retain snow. In harsh winters, it is useful to provide light cover for the branches, for which they are tied with burlap or film and twine. Before covering the felt cherry for the winter, you need to carefully inspect the plants and remove all diseased parts.

Felt cherry usually blooms in early May, still in a leafless state. At this time she is amazingly beautiful. Therefore, it can be grown in the garden not only as a fruit crop, but also as an ornamental one. During its flowering, frosts occur, so gardeners help cherries (not only felt cherries, but also other varieties) somewhat delay the start of flowering. To do this, before the snow melts under the cherry bushes, the snow is collected and trampled down well, and mulched on top with straw or sawdust. In this case, the soil under the cherry bushes remains frozen for a long time; the roots begin to feed the plant later. And, as a rule, the bush later awakens from hibernation and blooms after the frost has passed.

If there is a lot of snow in the garden in winter, the bark of the cherry tree trunk at the root collar under a thick snow cover may become covered. Therefore, at the end of February - beginning of March, when the snow begins to settle under the influence of the bright sun, the trunk must be dug up and freed from snow to the ground. The following shows a felt cherry in the photo in the garden, where all agrotechnical measures were carried out in a timely manner: