Growing and caring for Rossoshanskaya Zolotaya cherries

History of selection

The Rossoshanskaya variety is the result of selection by Russian scientists at the Rossoshanskaya experimental station, located in the Voronezh district. The author of the described variety of cherries was A. Ya. Voronchikhina. At the same time, the variety is divided into three types: large, black and gold. At the moment, the plant is not included in the state register of fruit and vegetable crops of the Russian Federation, however, it used to be there.

Familiarize yourself with the rules for planting cherry seedlings in the spring.

The tree is recommended for cultivation in Ukraine and the southern regions of the Russian Federation. Cherries have become especially widespread in the Voronezh, Volgograd and Saratov regions.

Mlievskaya yellow

The height of trees of this variety exceeds the average; they have a wide pyramidal crown of medium density. Over time, the crown may become rounded and slightly asymmetrical.

The berries of Mlievskaya yellow are quite large, with a glossy-golden skin, juicy, semi-cartilaginous, sweet and sour yellow pulp, from which the seed is easily separated. The juice is clear.

The variety has one significant drawback: in snowless and harsh winters, the trees can freeze. Therefore, in the middle zone they need shelter. But in the southern regions they give a good harvest without any hassle.

Second half of June

The variety is self-fertile - does not require pollinators

Description and characteristics of culture

Rossoshanskaya Golden cherry belongs to the category of plants with an average ripening period. The tree is short, of medium vigor, rarely exceeds 3.5 m, and has medium foliage. The crown is characterized by a pyramidal shape and has an average number of branches of different sizes. The green mass is represented by leaves of a traditional, slightly elongated shape, dark green in color.

Drought resistance, winter hardiness

The crop has good drought resistance and is capable of producing decent yields in warm, dry summers. It takes root well in dry climates, as it has a fairly powerful and branched root system that allows it to receive moisture from deep layers of soil. The cherry variety described is frost-resistant and can tolerate low temperatures.

However, you should pay attention to early flowering. If during the flowering phase in April the plant is subjected to night frosts, it will freeze and will not produce the desired harvest. When cultivating cherries in the southern regions, such problems are not observed, since there is a fairly low probability of night frosts.

Pollination, flowering period and ripening time

As noted above, the variety is mid-season. Depending on the climatic conditions of the growing region, the fruits begin to ripen either in the second half of June or in the second half of July. The crop enters the flowering phase in April.

Important! When choosing a pollinator plant, you need to pay attention to the fact that it should bloom in the same period as Rossoshanskaya.

At this time, medium-sized, white flowers with a pleasant aroma appear on the tree. Rossoshanskaya Golden is self-sterile, so for good fruiting it will need pollen donors. Cherry varieties Nochka, Chudo-cherry or cherry varieties Ovstuzhenka, Leningradskaya, Galochka are excellent as pollinators.

Productivity, fruiting

The crop enters the fruiting phase 5 years after planting the seedlings and continues to delight with excellent productivity for 25 years. The average yield of the variety is above average. If basic agricultural practices are followed, up to 90 centners of berries can be collected from one hectare. It should be noted that the fruits of Rossoshanskaya Zolotaya are quite large, round or heart-shaped berries, weighing 6-7 g, with a rich bright yellow color.

The pulp is characterized by a high juice content, dense, fleshy structure, and creamy-yellow color. The peel is dense, not prone to cracking, smooth and shiny. The taste properties of the berries are very high. It has a pleasant sweet, slightly honey taste with a subtle hint of acid.

Did you know? Historians claim that the birthplace of cherries is a small town in Turkey called Chereshnevy. The culture came to European countries in 680 BC, thanks to the commander from Rome Lucullus, who brought it there.

According to the tasters, the fruits received 5 points out of a possible 5. Due to the density of the berries and excellent resistance to cracking of the peel, the fruits are well suited for long-term storage and transportation over long distances. At the same time, the berries do not lose their taste and presentation.

Resistance to diseases and pests

Rossoshanskaya Zolotaya has average immunity, and under unfavorable weather conditions and poor care, it can be affected by: moniliosis, coccomycosis, and fungal diseases. Among pests, the variety most often becomes a “victim” of cherry flies, aphids and leaf rollers.

To increase the plant’s resistance to diseases and parasites, as well as strengthen its immunity, it is recommended to feed it with mineral and organic agents, as well as preventively spray the tree with broad-spectrum fungicidal and insecticidal preparations.

Find out how to deal with cherry diseases.

Processing Rossoshanskaya Golden cherries in spring

In spring, the main problem of this plant is aphids. This pest multiplies at such a speed that, if you do not use chemicals in time, you can destroy the tree.

Particular attention is paid to unstable young seedlings, because in most cases aphids choose precisely such plants as their victims.

Spraying three times a day with a biological preparation called Actofit will help get rid of aphids. If desired, it can be replaced with tobacco tincture with soapy water. Good medicines for aphids: Bi-58, Konfidor and Aktara. Along with spraying chemicals to protect against pests, you can sprinkle semolina or wheat mixed with crushed granulated sugar around the cherries.

Advantages and disadvantages

• Gardeners involved in the cultivation of the described variety of cherries note a number of its strengths compared to others:
• high yields with proper cultivation;
• excellent taste of fruits;
• excellent keeping quality of berries and their transportability;
• drought resistance;
• stable fruiting rates;
• high above-ground part, which makes harvesting berries an easy and simple task.

• Among the few disadvantages of the variety are:
• self-sterility, the need for pollinating plants in the neighborhood;
• average immunity to diseases and parasites;
• unsuitability of the crop for cultivation in the northern regions.

Reviews from gardeners

Yellow varieties of cherries have many advantages and are practically free of disadvantages. They are in demand among gardeners and receive a lot of positive feedback.

Alexey, 63 years old, Volgograd region.

Three years ago I planted yellow-fruited Leningradskaya cherry trees on the plot. I liked the variety. There are a lot of cherries, the berries are sweet and juicy. We eat them fresh and freeze them in the freezer for compote for the winter.

Vitaly Vikentievich, 44 years old, Moscow region.

I grow cherries in my dacha. I prefer light varieties. They tolerate frost and have excellent taste.

Marina Mikhailovna, 56 years old, Moscow region.

Three years ago, my husband and I planted the yellow-fruited Appetite cherry on our plot. The first harvest was harvested this season. The berries are large and fleshy. There are a lot of them, enough for compote and freezing.

Light varieties of cherries have many advantages. They successfully withstand extreme weather conditions, have strong immunity, and actively bear fruit. They can be grown in warm regions of the country, in regions with cold climates. Many of them are capable of self-pollinating. To increase productivity, it is recommended to plant pollinator plants nearby.

Source

Landing Features

In order for cherries to fully reveal their natural potential and show excellent fruiting, some important features should be observed when planting a seedling.

Recommended planting times

Experienced gardeners do not recommend planting trees in the autumn. The fact is that the plant is characterized by large annual growths and in a young seedling they may not ripen before the onset of cold weather, which will ultimately lead to its freezing.

It is better to postpone planting activities to spring. In spring, seedlings can be planted after the ground has warmed up well, to a temperature of +8°C. As a rule, this period falls at the end of April - beginning of May.

Choosing the most suitable location

Cherry prefers well-lit, spacious and bright areas located on a small hill. Such planting is necessary so that after the snow melts, excess moisture does not accumulate around the tree, to which the crop reacts extremely negatively.

In addition, the place must be reliably protected from drafts and cold winds. It is advisable that the tree receives enough sunlight throughout the day, which will contribute to the accumulation of a sweet, honey-like taste by the berries.

Important! When planting a seedling, you need to make sure that there are no other trees within 6 m of it, since extra neighbors contribute to a decrease in yield.

Rossoshanskaya does not make any special demands on the soil; the main thing is that the soil is sufficiently loose, air- and water-permeable, and nutritious. When growing trees on acidic soils, it is recommended to liming them and adding sand or vermiculite.

What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries?

Rossoshanskaya cherry is extremely demanding of its neighbors.

The following types of trees are suitable for its proximity:

• pears;
• other varieties of cherries;
• raspberries;
• currant;
• grape;
• apricot.

Plums, apple trees and cherries negatively affect the fruiting indicators and the rate of development of cherries, so it is advised not to plant them in the same area as Rossoshanskaya.

Selection and preparation of planting material

The survival rate of the plant, its further growth and fruiting will largely depend on the quality of the planting material. Experts advise purchasing seedlings from trusted sellers or specialized nurseries.

Important! Seedlings older than two years do not take root well and begin to bear fruit much later.

For planting, preference should be given to an annual plant with a fully developed, strong and healthy root system.

Signs of high-quality planting material are:

• the presence of a pronounced grafting site;
• powerful, strong, elastic root shoots without damage, dryness, rot or signs of disease;
• good root lobe;
• elastic and smooth bark without wrinkles and dryness;
• the presence of young shoots that bend easily.

Preparing a seedling for planting: - 1, 2 - normal length; 3, 4 - shortened. (The dashes indicate the cut line).

Planting scheme

Immediately before planting the seedling, you need to carefully prepare the soil, dig it, and carry out liming, if necessary.

Next, the landing algorithm is based on the following actions:

• dig a hole measuring 60x80 cm;
• soil removed from the pit is mixed with humus (15 kg), superphosphate (120 g) and potassium sulfate (60 g);
• the bottom of the pit is lined with a layer of drainage, which is used as broken brick, pebbles or expanded clay;
• a small layer of fertile soil is poured on top of the drainage, a small mound of soil is made, into which a wooden peg is inserted, which serves as a support for the seedling;
• The plant is placed on an earthen mound and the root shoots are carefully straightened;
• the plant is sprinkled with nutritious soil, leaving a root collar of 5–8 cm on the surface;
• the soil around the seedling is compacted a little, watered generously with settled, non-cold water, using about 10 liters;
• the plant is tied to the support with elastic, not tight threads or material.

After planting the seedling, it needs to be provided with competent, timely care, especially in the first month of growth.

Fruit tree planting scheme.

Subsequent care of the crop

The cherry variety of the described variety is not too demanding to care for, however, timely implementation of basic agrotechnical techniques can speed up the establishment of the crop, its fruiting and increase productivity.

Watering. Rossoshanskaya does not like excessive watering and can easily tolerate short-term drought. During the growing season, it is recommended to moisten the tree 3-4 times, using about 60 liters of water per plant. The crop should be watered for the first time in the bud bursting phase, the second time during flowering, the third time during the berry ripening phase and the last time after harvesting.

Before carrying out irrigation activities, it is necessary to thoroughly loosen the soil around the tree trunk so that moisture can easily reach the root system. After moistening the soil around the tree, it is recommended to mulch with hay, straw or sawdust, which will retain moisture and prevent the development of weeds.

Feeding. In the first year of growth, cherries do not need additional feeding, since they use the nutrients that were added to the soil during planting. In the second year, the crop is fed several times per season: in the spring, phosphorus fertilizers are applied to promote the growth of green mass, in early July the plant is fed with complex preparations, in September it is fed with phosphorus-potassium preparations.

Did you know? Cherry berries are recommended to be consumed fresh, since during any heat treatment they lose almost all useful components and vitamins.

Trimming and shaping. Since the plant is capable of producing good growth of shoots over a year, it regularly needs to be formed and pruned. At the beginning of fruiting, the seedling needs to shorten the central shoot and skeletal branches, which are arranged in tiers.

In each tier, the three strongest and most durable shoots should be left, and the distance between the tiers should be at least 50 cm. Adult trees need to undergo sanitary pruning every year, removing old, dry, damaged, broken or diseased shoots.

Disease and pest control

As noted above, the described crop variety has average immunity, and, if the main agrotechnical rules are not followed, it can often be subject to:

1. Moniliosis. It manifests itself in the form of drying of shoots, falling leaves, and the formation of rot inside the branches. To combat the disease, you should completely cut off the infected shoots and spray the plant with fungicides.

2. Coccomycosis. The disease is easily recognized by the appearance of characteristic dark red spots on the foliage, which increase over time, leading to the foliage drying out and falling off. To prevent the disease, during flowering and bud formation, the tree should be treated with a solution of Bordeaux mixture.

3. Fungal diseases . Diseases develop on the bark, foliage, and shoots of the crop and can be of different colors. When growths appear, they are removed, and the affected areas are treated with garden varnish.

In addition to diseases, various pests can attack cherries:

1. Aphid. It parasitizes the underside of the leaf blade, eats leaves that become dry and yellow. Modern insecticidal agents, which must be sprayed on the foliage during bud formation, are highly effective in combating the parasite.

2. leaf roller. It eats the leaves of the crop, as a result of which they dry out, turn yellow and fall off. To destroy the pest, it is recommended to use a chloroform solution, which is used to treat the tree during the formation of ovaries and after harvesting.

3. cherry fly. One of the most dangerous pests because it feeds on cherry fruits. Pest control is quite complex and involves installing special traps and treating trees with Condifora solution.

Simple preventive measures help prevent the development of diseases and pest damage to Rossoshanskaya:

• loosening and mulching the soil;
• regular weed control;
• clearing the area of ​​dried vegetation;
• professional treatment of trees with insecticides and fungicides.

Important! All pruned damaged branches must be destroyed by burning them, moreover, outside the boundaries of the land plot.

Harvest and storage

Cherry fruits reach ripeness, depending on the growing region, in the first weeks of June or July. It is recommended to pick the berries on a dry, warm day, since fruits picked during periods of high humidity do not lend themselves well to long-term storage.

As a rule, the berries are picked along with the stalks and stored in glass or plastic containers. It is necessary to pick cherries with extreme caution, since broken bouquet branches are not restored, which leads to a decrease in the amount of harvest next season. The picked berries are carefully sorted, rotten, damaged, bursting fruits are discarded.

For long-term preservation, only dense, large, not overripe cherries without visible damage are left. Store the fruits in the refrigerator or in a room with stable temperatures of –1…+1°C and a relative humidity of 90–95%. Under such conditions, the berries can be stored without loss of taste and aesthetic qualities for two weeks.

Did you know? There are many varieties of cherries in the world, however, less than two dozen are actively grown.

Fruits can also be frozen. Rossoshanskaya Zolotaya cherry is one of the most successful varieties for cultivation in warm climates. It does not require extreme growing conditions, is easy to care for and can produce extremely tasty, juicy and sweet berries in the middle of the summer season, exactly when they are most in demand.

The best varieties

Breeders have developed varieties that have the maximum amount of useful components and are endowed with increased resistance to adverse environmental conditions. Cherry varieties are excellent for the Moscow region and for central Russia, the central black earth region of Kuban. Each of them has distinctive features.