Description of the Rossoshanskaya golden cherry variety, planting and care

Description of culture

The common name unites trees that are dissimilar in appearance of fruits and varietal characteristics.

Rossoshanskaya large

The description of the large Rossoshanskaya cherry variety should start with the fruits. Its berries are really large, reaching a mass of 6.7 g. Their shape is round - oval, slightly flattened on the sides, the color is very beautiful, rich dark burgundy.

Important! The berries are characterized by good transportability and are suitable for transportation over long distances. The crown of the large Rossoshanskaya tree has medium density, a pyramidal shape with vertically growing branches. This variety is excellent for growing in small garden plots, since the tree is compact and short in stature - no more than 4 m

During flowering, the large Rossoshanskaya cherry is very decorative due to its large snow-white flowers

This variety is excellent for growing in small garden plots, since the tree is compact and short in stature - no more than 4 m. During flowering, large Rossoshanskaya cherry is very decorative due to its large snow-white flowers

The crown of the large Rossoshanskaya tree has medium density, a pyramidal shape with vertically growing branches. This variety is excellent for growing in small garden plots, since the tree is compact and short in height - no more than 4 m. During flowering, the large Rossoshanskaya cherry is very decorative due to its large snow-white flowers.

The variety is intended for cultivation in the North Caucasus region.

Rossoshanskaya black

Not every variety can boast of such dark berries as black Rossoshanskaya cherries. They really are almost black with a barely noticeable burgundy tint. Large round berries have a very small seed and dense pulp. If they are fully ripe, it is easy to tear them off from the stalk - the tearing is dry, the stone also comes off easily.

Photo of black Rossoshanskaya cherry:

According to the description of the Rossoshanskaya black cherry variety, the low tree does not grow higher than 3 m. It is easy to care for and the berries are easy to pick. The neat crown has the shape of a pyramid. The foliage is strong, especially on young shoots.

Important! The pulp of the berries is quite dense, due to which they have good transportability. Reviews about the black Rossoshanskaya cherry say that it produces an excellent harvest in the North Caucasus, Central Black Earth and Lower Volga regions, where it is zoned. There it is grown not only in home gardens, but also industrially.

There it is grown not only in home gardens, but also industrially.

Reviews about the black Rossoshanskaya cherry say that it produces an excellent harvest in the North Caucasus, Central Black Earth and Lower Volga regions, where it is zoned. There it is grown not only in home gardens, but also industrially.

Rossoshanskaya gold

Let’s begin the description of the Rossoshanskaya Golden cherry variety with the fact that it fully justifies its name. The sunny, fleshy berries weigh up to 7 g. The description of the Golden cherry says that a tree illuminated by the sun all day produces berries with a pinkish tint. Photo of golden cherries.

The fruits are heart-shaped, slightly flattened on the sides. This variety is one of the ten most delicious and sought after. Reviews of the Golden Rossoshanskaya cherry are usually enthusiastic, and for good reason: a tasting score of 5 points is an excellent characteristic of the berries. The barely noticeable sourness and honey tint in the taste make it unlike berries of other varieties; this is always noted in the description of the Golden cherry variety. Among the cherries there are not many trees with yellow fruits, but even against their background it compares favorably, which is confirmed by the description of the Rossoshanskaya yellow cherry variety. The fruits are well transported, since the pulp has a dense structure and a dry separation from the stalk.

The description of the Rossoshanskaya Golden variety will be incomplete without mentioning the dimensions of the tree. For small gardens, it is very convenient that it has a low growth force - no more than 3 m. Like other varieties in this series, the crown is pyramidal, moderately leafy.

Photo of golden cherries:

Video about the Rossoshanskaya golden cherry:

Other varieties of culture

Rossoshanskaya cherry, in addition to the golden one, has other varieties. They differ in varietal characteristics, type and color of the fruit.

Large

The large Rossoshanskaya berry weighs 6.7 grams, its color is deep burgundy, its shape is oval, slightly flattened on the sides. The skin is dense, due to which the fruits are well transported. The cherry variety is suitable for small areas due to its compactness: it does not grow higher than 4 meters.

Black

Rossoshanskaya black received its name for the dark burgundy color of its large berries with a dark tint. Their flesh is dense, the bone is small. The fruits are easy to pick, the separation from the stem is dry. The cherry tree reaches a height of 3 meters.

Description and characteristics of culture

Rossoshanskaya Golden cherry belongs to the category of plants with an average ripening period. The tree is short, of medium vigor, rarely exceeds 3.5 m, and has medium foliage. The crown is characterized by a pyramidal shape and has an average number of branches of different sizes. The green mass is represented by leaves of a traditional, slightly elongated shape, dark green in color.

Drought resistance, winter hardiness

The crop has good drought resistance and is capable of producing decent yields in warm, dry summers. It takes root well in dry climates, as it has a fairly powerful and branched root system that allows it to receive moisture from deep layers of soil. The cherry variety described is frost-resistant and can tolerate low temperatures.

However, you should pay attention to early flowering. If during the flowering phase in April the plant is subjected to night frosts, it will freeze and will not produce the desired harvest. When cultivating cherries in the southern regions, such problems are not observed, since the probability of night frosts is quite low here.

When cultivating cherries in the southern regions, such problems are not observed, since there is a fairly low probability of night frosts.

Pollination, flowering period and ripening time

As noted above, the variety is mid-season. Depending on the climatic conditions of the growing region, the fruits begin to ripen either in the second half of June or in the second half of July. The crop enters the flowering phase in April.

Important! When choosing a pollinator plant, you need to pay attention to the fact that it should bloom in the same period as Rossoshanskaya. At this time, medium-sized, white flowers with a pleasant aroma appear on the tree. Rossoshanskaya Golden is self-sterile, so for good fruiting it will need pollen donors

Rossoshanskaya Golden is self-sterile, so for good fruiting it will need pollen donors

Cherry varieties Nochka, Chudo-cherry or cherry varieties Ovstuzhenka, Leningradskaya, Galochka are excellent as pollinators.

Rossoshanskaya Golden is self-sterile, so for good fruiting it will need pollen donors. Cherry varieties Nochka, Chudo-cherry or cherry varieties Ovstuzhenka, Leningradskaya, Galochka are excellent as pollinators.

At this time, medium-sized, white flowers with a pleasant aroma appear on the tree. Rossoshanskaya Golden is self-sterile, so for good fruiting it will need pollen donors. Cherry varieties Nochka, Chudo-cherry or cherry varieties Ovstuzhenka, Leningradskaya, Galochka are excellent as pollinators.

Productivity, fruiting

The crop enters the fruiting phase 5 years after planting the seedlings and continues to delight with excellent productivity for 25 years. The average yield of the variety is above average. If basic agricultural practices are followed, up to 90 centners of berries can be collected from one hectare. It should be noted that the fruits of Rossoshanskaya Zolotaya are quite large, round or heart-shaped berries, weighing 6-7 g, with a rich bright yellow color.

The pulp is characterized by a high juice content, dense, fleshy structure, and creamy-yellow color. The peel is dense, not prone to cracking, smooth and shiny. The taste properties of the berries are very high. It has a pleasant sweet, slightly honey taste with a subtle hint of acid.

Did you know? Historians claim that the birthplace of cherries is a small town in Turkey called Chereshnevy. The culture came to European countries in 680 BC, thanks to the commander from Rome Lucullus, who brought it there.

According to the tasters, the fruits received 5 points out of a possible 5. Due to the density of the berries and excellent resistance to cracking of the peel, the fruits are well suited for long-term storage and transportation over long distances. At the same time, the berries do not lose their taste and presentation.

Resistance to diseases and pests

Rossoshanskaya Zolotaya has average immunity, and under unfavorable weather conditions and poor care, it can be affected by: moniliosis, coccomycosis, and fungal diseases. Among pests, the variety most often becomes a “victim” of cherry flies, aphids and leaf rollers.

To increase the plant’s resistance to diseases and parasites, as well as strengthen its immunity, it is recommended to feed it with mineral and organic agents, as well as preventively spray the tree with broad-spectrum fungicidal and insecticidal preparations.

Find out how to deal with cherry diseases.

Characteristics

The characteristics of the Rossoshanskaya cherry variety will fully demonstrate the characteristics of each variety and their suitability for cultivation in the garden plot.

Drought resistance, winter hardiness

Cherry does not like stagnant water; it will prefer drought to it. All cherry varieties from the Rossoshanskaya series, except Zolotaya, have such drought resistance. It is demanding on moisture content, but its excess is harmful to it. Rossoshanskaya black tolerates high temperatures well without damaging the crop.

The frost resistance of Golden cherries is at an average level: due to early flowering, in the middle zone it inevitably falls under return frosts. In this case, there will be no harvest. But in the south it is fenced off from them. Krupnaya and Chernaya have higher frost resistance, but to the north of the Chernozem region, flower buds may freeze slightly in frosty winters. Frost marks on the bark are also observed.

Pollination, flowering period and ripening time

Rossoshanskaya golden blooms already in April, and ripens at the end of June, which is an average period for the southern regions. This tree is self-sterile, so there must be other varieties nearby, for example, the Ovstuzhenka cherry or the cherry-cherry hybrid Miracle Cherry. These are the best pollinators for the Rossoshanskaya golden cherry.

Rossoshanskaya black blooms in May and ripens later - in mid-July. The variety is partially self-fertile, but in the presence of pollinators it produces greater yields.

Rossoshanskaya large ripens at a later date, is partially self-fertile and bears fruit better in the vicinity of other cherries.

Advice! Pollinators for large Rossoshanskaya cherries - Leningradskaya black, Galochka.

Productivity, fruiting

Already in the fourth or fifth year, depending on care, the trees begin to bear the first berries. Subsequently, the yield is constantly growing and reaches 25 kg per mature tree for the Rossoshanskaya large and Rossoshanskaya black varieties, which is quite a lot, considering their height. Zolotaya Rossoshanskaya's yield is average, but this deficiency is compensated by the excellent taste of the fruit.

Area of ​​application of berries

All these varieties have a dessert taste, so most of the harvest is eaten fresh, the remainder is processed into compote or jam.

Resistance to diseases and pests

It is medium in the cherry varieties united under the name Rossoshanskaya. Therefore, preventative treatments will be needed.

Advantages and disadvantages

The Rossoshanskaya golden, large, and black cherry varieties have good consumer qualities. Let's look at their advantages and disadvantages using the example of the Rossoshanskaya golden cherry. For convenience, we summarize them in a table.

Black and Large have better winter hardiness compared to Golden, and disease resistance is also higher.

Advantages and disadvantages

We have before us a variety with excellent taste, which allows us to use the products both for fresh sale and for personal use or processing. It is worth noting that the efforts of the breeders were aimed at creating a variety that will produce incredibly tasty berries in the middle of summer, when they are in demand.

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The Rossoshanskaya Golden cherry variety is popular all over the world. Its main advantages are the duration of storage and adaptation to long-term transportation, as well as the fact that the variety is resistant to many fungal diseases. Since the tree does not grow much in height, it is convenient to pick the berries after they ripen.

The main disadvantages are average frost resistance, intolerance to high humidity and the inability to self-pollinate. Despite this, Rossoshanskaya golden is worthy of growing in any garden for variety, if only because of its unusual yellow-pink color. The gardener just needs to remember the instructions above for planting and care.

1. Excellent taste qualities of the products, which is why the variety is highly popular all over the world.
2. Excellent transportability and product safety.
3. Quite high yield when grown correctly.
4. Presence of resistance to major diseases.
5. Low overhead part, which allows you to collect products in comfortable conditions.
6. Stable fruiting.

Minuses

1. The variety is unsuitable for cold climates, as spring frosts will destroy the flowers.
2. Does not tolerate waterlogged soil and poor lighting.
3. Needs pollinators, without which there will be no ovaries.
4. To obtain a large harvest, significant expenditures of resources are required.

Care

Even the most unpretentious plant needs minimal care and attention. And the Rossoshanskaya Golden cherry is no exception.

Landing

Young cherry trees are planted in both autumn and spring. In warm climates, it is better to plant in the fall, 20–30 days before the temperature begins to drop sharply.

When planting, you must adhere to certain rules. Below is a detailed description of the entire process:

1. It is necessary to prepare the planting soil in advance by digging it. You also need to add mineral and organic fertilizers to the dug soil, which will nourish the young tree in the first years of its life.
2. A week before planting, dig a planting hole measuring 60x80 cm. It should be quite large so that the roots are free in it.
3. It is necessary to drive a peg in the center of the hole, which will hold the seedling straight, preventing it from tilting to the side.
4. At the bottom of the planting hole you need to pour a mixture of sand, soil, compost and 200 g of superphosphate fertilizer.
5. Place the seedling in the planting hole and cover it with soil on top.
6. Lightly compact the soil and make a circle around the trunk for further watering of the plant's root system.
7. Water the seedling with 10 liters of water.

If you tie a seedling to a peg, it will grow evenly and resistant to the wind.

Periodically monitor how the tree has taken root. Do not allow the soil to dry out too much and remember that the tree also does not like a lot of moisture in the ground.

Pollination

The tree of this cherry variety requires planting in a pollinator area. Ovstuzhenka cherries or cherries of the Chudo-cherry and Nochka varieties will do the job perfectly.

Insects that pollinate the flowers of trees are also unable to cope with this purpose. If you do not take into account the above, then a tree planted on the site will only bloom without producing a harvest.

Subsequent care of the crop

Cherry is sensitive to the presence of moisture in the soil. It is optimal to organize drip irrigation for it and mulch the tree trunk circle with mowed grass.

The tree needs to be fed with nitrogen fertilizers in the spring. In early July they feed with complex fertilizers, and in September with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

Advice! In order for cherries to be less exposed to frost in winter, they need to be fertilized with sodium-containing minerals.

This culture grows very quickly, sometimes the annual growth can be up to one meter, so constant formation is necessary.

To reduce the height of a mature tree, the central conductor is removed at the beginning of fruiting. After thinning the crown, the cherry tree should have a sparse tiered appearance, with three skeletal branches located in each of the tiers. There should be 50 cm from one tier to another

Annual growths are pruned especially carefully, since flower buds are located at their base.

Advice! If there is a desire to grow Rossoshanskaya golden cherries in the middle zone and even further north, it can be formed in a bush or slate form.

If Rossoshanskaya golden cherries are grown in areas with cold winters, in the first 3-4 years of life the tree is carefully protected from frost, wrapped in spruce branches and non-woven covering material. For the winter, the root zone must be mulched with a layer of humus. In autumn, trees are whitewashed with lime mortar to which a fungicide has been added. The young stem is protected from rodents using a special mesh. Trees that received moisture-recharging irrigation in the fall will withstand winter frosts much better.

Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention

Golden Rossoshanskaya cherries are loved not only by people, but also by pests. With average resistance to fungal diseases, it requires mandatory preventive treatments against them. The main diseases of the Golden Rossoshanskaya cherry and measures to combat them can be summarized in a table.

Cherry moniliosis:

Of the pests on Rossoshanskaya golden cherries, you can most often notice various sawflies, from which Iskra-M and Piriton help.

Slimy sawfly:

Cherry and pear pipe rollers roll the leaves into a tube, then they dry out. They are fought with Carbophosphate.

For cherry weevil, which damages all green parts of the plant, use Karbofos or Intavir.

It also helps against cherry aphids. Cherry shoot moth and cherry fly are destroyed with the drug Iskra.

Landing Features

Like every fruit crop, the Golden Rossoshanskaya cherry has its own growing characteristics. These must be taken into account so that trees can reach their full potential.

Recommended timing

A special feature of the Rossoshanskaya Golden cherry variety is its large annual growth. In a young tree, they may not ripen before the onset of winter and will eventually freeze, so autumn planting of these trees is not very advisable. In spring they are planted immediately after the soil warms up.

Warning! When buying a Rossoshanskaya golden seedling, you need to pay attention to the condition of the buds - they should not swell, otherwise the survival rate of the tree will be in doubt.

Autumn planting is possible only after the end of leaf fall, provided that there is at least another month before the onset of frost so that the tree has time to take root.

Advice! If you received a cherry seedling of the Rossoshanskaya golden variety in late autumn, and it is guaranteed not to have time to take root during normal planting, it is better to bury it at an angle of 45 degrees or horizontally until spring.

Choosing a suitable location

To plant Rossoshanskaya yellow cherries, choose an elevated place without stagnant cold air. It must meet the following conditions:

• be protected from cold winds;
• be illuminated throughout the day;
• the groundwater level should be low;
• Water should not accumulate or stagnate there;
• loose, well-structured soils are preferred; loams or sandy loams with a neutral reaction are suitable.

Places where cold air accumulates are not suitable for growing Rossoshanskaya golden cherries; in winter, the temperature there is several degrees lower, which causes frosting of the shoots.

What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries?

The Rossoshanskaya golden cherry is quite picky about its neighbors. It is best for it to grow next to cherry plum or plum. The cherry tree as a neighbor does not suit the cherry tree, just like the apple tree. But it gets along well with any berry bushes.

Selection and preparation of planting material

The largest assortment of cherry seedlings on sale occurs in the fall, when the time for planting them is not considered favorable. At this time, you can choose a high-quality Golden Cherry tree; it can safely overwinter buried, waiting for spring planting.

What criteria must the seedling meet:

• he must be vaccinated - the place of vaccination is clearly visible.
  Warning! Seedlings propagated from seeds do not always repeat the parental characteristics.
• the presence of a powerful root system: - from 2 to 4 branched shoots and a good root lobe;
• the roots should have a whitish-green color and elastic state;
• shoots are easy to bend, and the bark on them does not peel off.

Advice! It is better to plant one-year-old Rossoshanskaya golden; two-year-olds take root much worse.

Landing algorithm

If the soil does not meet the requirements for growing cherries, it needs to be improved by adding sand and clay. For every sq. m contribute:

• up to 10 kg of rotted organic matter;
• up to 200 g of complete mineral fertilizer.

If the soil is acidic, lime it in the season preceding planting.

It is carried out as follows:

• prepare a pit with a depth of up to 60 cm and a diameter of up to 80;

• drive a stake into the hole - the tree will be tied to it after planting.
  Advice! During the preparation process, the top layer of soil 25 cm high must be set aside.
• mix it with 15 kg of well-ripened humus;
• from mineral fertilizers use 60 g of potassium sulfate (can be replaced with 300 g of ash) and 120 g of superphosphate;
• 2/3 of the potassium and phosphorus fertilizers should be placed at the bottom of the hole and sealed by loosening, the rest is mixed with a portion of fertile soil, and a mound is formed from it at about 1/3 of the height of the hole;
• the seedling is placed on it, carefully spreading the roots to the sides, and covered with prepared soil;
• when they are half covered with earth, a bucket of water is poured into the hole.

Attention! Don’t forget to shake the seedling slightly so that the voids at the roots are filled.

You need to carefully monitor the position of the root collar. It should not be buried in the soil. It is better if the root collar protrudes above it by a couple of centimeters. After the soil settles, it will be located at the desired level.

The tree is watered, compacting the soil before doing so. A roller around the tree trunk will help the water not to spread. Lay a thin layer of peat or humus to retain moisture in the soil longer. A mandatory operation is tying up the seedling and shortening the central and side shoots by about 1/3.

Characteristics of the variety

Rossoshanskaya cherry is a variety that was bred by Russian breeders. It got its name because of the territory in which it was created and tested. Very common in the Voronezh, Volgograd and Saratov regions.

The variety is resistant to drought and low temperatures.

Sweet cherries are highly resistant to drought, and therefore can perform well in very dry climates. The trees can withstand low temperatures, which makes it possible to grow it in fairly cold areas of the country. Early frosts and sudden temperature changes can damage young ovaries, which will subsequently affect the yield and health of the plant.

Description of the tree

Trees of this variety reach medium size. Their length varies within 3 m. The foliage cover is not very dense. The leaves are dark green, slightly elongated in shape. The crown of the tree has a pyramidal shape with a small number of branches of different sizes and shapes.

Description of fruits

A light pink tint indicates an excess of sunlight.

The cherry variety boasts juiciness and large fruit size. The round and large berry has a bright yellow color. This is why the name “golden” was given. There are times when the fruits acquire a pinkish tint. This happens when the cherry is in a constantly lit place.

The large 7 gram sweet cherry has a very juicy and fleshy interior. Thanks to this, the berry can be stored for a long time and transported over long distances without losing its attractive appearance and taste.

Appearance of Rossoshanskaya Black cherry

Let us consider separately the appearance of the tree and the fruits themselves.

Tree

When mature, the tree does not exceed four meters, which is an absolute advantage of this variety. The crown has a characteristic pyramidal-stack shape. The branches do not grow densely and have an average or small percentage of foliage.

Young trees have a gray bark, while the bark of older trees darkens significantly. The surface of the bark is smooth with a slight roughness, resistant to cracking along the trunk.

Formations in the stem tissue, called lentils, are convex relative to the tree trunk.

Their length ranges from medium to long, frequency and width are within normal limits. The twisting characteristic of almost all deciduous trees is absent in the cherry tree.

The main skeletal branches of the first and second order tend to become bare over time.

The shoots of young trees are brown-green in color, which with age turns into gray with longitudinal stripes.

The shoots themselves are usually straight, and less often somewhat curved, and have several longitudinal gray lentils.

The vegetative buds of this cherry variety are very large, convex, ovoid, about 4-5 mm in size. Generative buds are similar in size and shape. The leaves are slightly pointed at the end and shiny green.

The height of the leaf is up to 10 cm, the width of the leaf reaches 4-5 cm. The inflorescences consist of two or three flowers resembling the shape of a bowl. The petals are round and white, becoming almost pink towards the end of flowering.

Fetus

The appearance of the berries is a distinctive feature of the variety. The color of the fruits is almost black, with a hint of red. The berries are large in size, usually round, but often oval in shape. With slightly flattened sides.

INTERESTING: The variety got its name precisely because of the unusual black color of the berries.

The varieties Chernaya Krupnaya, Chernokorka and Shokoladnitsa also have dark fruits.

The pulp of the berries is the same dark red color, fleshy, quite dense, with red juice.

According to the tasting assessment, the berries received 4.5 points for a pleasant sweet and sour taste.

The seed in the berry is medium in size, the proportion to the pulp is 7%, moderately separable from the fruit, beige in color with a slight redness.

Substance content:

REFERENCE: In fully ripe berries, the stalk comes off from the pulp without damage. While an unripe berry produces juice when separated.

Planting and care

The time for planting cherries in regions approved for cultivation is autumn. But you can also plant the variety in the spring. The site should be well lit, the soil should be loamy, with zero acidity. An adult tree is watered 3-4 times during the growing season, but abundantly, so that moisture penetrates 50-60 cm deep into the soil. Be sure to adjust the watering schedule with precipitation to avoid waterlogging. Preventive treatments against diseases and pests are a prerequisite for care. After the crown is formed, thinning and sanitary pruning is carried out as necessary. Fertilizing is applied starting from the second year of planting. The fertilizer rate for a young tree is slightly lower than for one that has entered the fruiting period. Nitrogen-containing substances are applied in the spring to accelerate the growth of shoots and foliage. In the fall, to increase winter hardiness, they are fed with phosphorus and potassium. Organic matter is added for digging once every 3 years.

Rossoshanskaya black is valued for the high quality of its fruits, their universal use, and good transportability. It is easy to care for a short tree, and it will not take up much space in the garden. Maybe someone will be disappointed by the not very high yield, but here, as they say, less is better, because the taste of the berries is excellent. Another disadvantage of the variety is weak immunity. But if the cherries are well cared for, then no problems arise.

Diseases and pests

Damage to fruit trees by diseases and pests can be avoided if preventive maintenance, tree inspection and sanitary cleaning are carried out promptly and regularly.

These activities are simple and do not require special knowledge or significant labor costs:

• removal of fallen leaves and carrion from the garden;
• whitewashing the trunk and skeletal branches with lime solutions;
• sanitary and thinning pruning to combat harmful lesions and improve lighting and ventilation of the crown;
• removal of young shoots and weeds in tree trunk circles;
• autumn digging of the soil with turning over layers of earth to kill pests and pathogens from frost;
• spraying the tree against pests with pesticides “DNOC”, “Nitrafen”, Bordeaux mixtures, copper sulfate solution (5%);
• installing hunting belts on a trunk at a height of 30–40 cm and covering the tree trunk circle with agrofibre.

Important! Protect your hands, face and eyes when working with chemicals. Follow the instructions strictly and do not exceed the dosage

After treatment, you should take a shower and wash your face and hands with soap.

Black Leningrad cherry is resistant to pests, but unfavorable conditions, insufficient care and infection from neighboring plants can lead to damage. The need for protective measures is determined by the threshold of harmfulness, based on a comparison of the observed number of pests with the threshold number.

Control measures in case of mass appearance of pests:

• Cherry fly and leaf roller - trees are sprayed with insecticides "Arrivo", "Fury", "Confidor", "Decis", "Fufanon", "Iskra", "Aktellik". 2 treatments are required with an interval of 10 days. You can treat affected trees with repellent infusions of tobacco, pine needles, wormwood, garlic, or hang traps with sweet syrups.
• Cherry pipe roller - treatment with Aktara, organophosphorus pesticides: metaphos, karbofos, benzophosphate. Digging up the soil and mechanically shaking off the branches will help reduce the number and destroy the beetles.
• Cherry aphids and sawflies - spring treatment on dormant buds with insecto-acaricidal preparation "30B, 76% ke", "Aktelik", "Karbofos", "Inta-Vir". Infusions of dandelion leaves, onion feathers, elderberry inflorescence or tobacco. When the buds open - “Confidor”, “Aktofit”.
• Birds - when fruits ripen, rustling ribbons or shiny foil are hung on trees. You can cover the crowns with nets or use special ultrasonic repellent devices.
• Fungal infections (moniliosis, chlorosis, coccomycosis) - remove problematic branches to healthy wood and burn them, and treat the tree three times with an interval of 1 week with antifungal drugs “Chorus”, “Abiga-pik”, “Hom”, “Strobi”.

What is the Rossoshanskaya black cherry variety?

Hello, regular readers of our most dacha website. This article will be of particular interest to residents of the Central and Central Black Earth regions of Russia, because it was for them that the Rossoshanskaya black cherry was zoned, a description of the variety with a photo of which I present on the pages of my website. Although it is successfully cultivated by gardeners in the Urals and Western Siberia, which means it is resistant to frost, which is a big plus, but far from the only one.

The variety was obtained by pollinating the Form No. 2 cherry with the paternal variety Shirpotreb black. And although this is only an assumption, a number of characteristic signs provide confirmation. The height of the tree is 3–4 m, the crown has the shape of a wide pyramid, and the density is weak or medium.

The bark is characterized by a gray color, although in old trees it already has a black coating. Oval-shaped castings, the top of which is sharply pointed. The buds are large, ovoid, and lag behind the shoots.

The inflorescence consists of two, less often one or three white flowers, which acquire a pinkish tint before falling. The fruits have a skin of a dark cherry, almost black color and a flesh of the same uniform color - thick and fleshy, from which a pleasant sour-sweet dark red juice with a rich chemical composition is obtained.

The seed makes up 7.3% of the berry weight. Judging by reviews from gardeners, it is difficult to separate from the pulp. The stalk is well separated only in ripe fruits, and in unripe ones it comes off along with the pulp.

History of selection

The name Rossoshanskaya hides not one, but three varieties at once.
All of them were bred at the Rossoshan experimental station, which is located in the vicinity of Voronezh, that is, in the central black earth region. The originator of the cherry varieties called Rossoshanskaya is the breeder Voronchikhina A.Ya. They are not currently included in the State Register, but were previously there. These varieties are very popular among gardeners in Ukraine and the southern regions of Russia for their undoubted advantages, as evidenced by reviews of Rossoshanskaya black, large and golden cherries. Let us give a description of the Rossoshanskaya cherry for each species.

Processing Rossoshanskaya Golden cherries in spring

In spring, the main problem of this plant is aphids. This pest multiplies at such a speed that, if you do not use chemicals in time, you can destroy the tree.

Particular attention is paid to unstable young seedlings, because in most cases aphids choose precisely such plants as their victims.

Spraying three times a day with a biological preparation called Actofit will help get rid of aphids. If desired, it can be replaced with tobacco tincture with soapy water. Good medicines for aphids: Bi-58, Konfidor and Aktara. Along with spraying chemicals to protect against pests, you can sprinkle semolina or wheat mixed with crushed granulated sugar around the cherries.

Description

The plant is quite compact, the usual tree height is 3 - 4 meters.
The crown of Rossoshanskaya black is sparse, the foliage is weak. Over time, severe exposure of the branches that form the basis of the crown occurs. The shape of the crown is pyramidal, with a wide base or stack-shaped (according to the State Register - spherical-raised). The bark covering the trunk is gray, mostly smooth, sometimes with slight roughness; longitudinal cracking is absent or appears to a slight extent. In older trees, the bark darkens and becomes grayish-black. The number of convex lenticels is large. They range in size from long and narrow to moderate in length and width. The curliness of the trunk was not noticed. The shoots of the variety are straight-growing, less often with a slight bend, the internodes are medium or long. The bark of a young shoot is greenish-brown, then develops a grayish tint and characteristic longitudinal striping at the base (alternating stripes of silver-gray and olive-brown shades). The shoot is bare, moderately covered with small gray transverse lentils. The leaf bud of the cherry is ovoid, with a pointed apex, large - 4 - 5 mm, spaced from the shoot. The flower bud has a similar shape, but the apex is more rounded, the size is large - 4 - 5 mm, and is deviated from the shoot. The leaves of the variety are oval, with a strongly, sometimes sharply pointed apex, the base is arcuate or broadly wedge-shaped, the edges are double-toothed, with medium or fine serration. The size of the Rossoshanskaya black leaf blade on young shoots is: length 9 - 10 cm, width 4 - 5 cm. The surface of the leaf is leathery, slightly wrinkled along the lateral veins, pubescent, with a slight shine. There is a concavity to a greater or lesser extent along the central vein. The color of the cherry leaf blade is green above, grayish-green below, the underside of the leaf has very sparse and weak pubescence along the lateral veins. The petiole is slightly pubescent on top, bare below, of a dim dirty burgundy hue, normal thickness, length 20 - 25 cm. Glands from 1 to 2, however, sometimes they are absent. Rossoshanskaya black has no stipules.

The generative bud contains 2 flowers, less often 1 or 3. The shape of the flower is broadly cupped, diameter 20 - 25 mm, petals are round or broadly rounded (width greater than height), overlapping arrangement. At the very beginning of cherry blossoms, the flowers are snow-white, but towards the end they acquire a pinkish tint. The stigma of the variety is insignificant, rising above the anthers by 1 - 2 mm. The pistil and ovary are 10–12 mm long, the stamens are 5–6 mm long. The calyx is short-bell-shaped, the sepals are elongated-broad-lanceolate, open, jagged, pink at the edges, and by the end of flowering they acquire a pink-purple color. The length of the sepals is equal to the length of the calyx tube; at the beginning of flowering, the sepals are erect, then they bend back and are pressed against the tube.

The drupes are above average in size, weighing from 4.0 to 4.5 grams. Dimensions: height 21 mm, width 21 mm, thickness 19 mm. The shape is round or somewhat rounded-oval, there is slight or medium flattening on the sides, the surface is lumpy. The apex of the fruit is rounded, the remains of the pistil in the form of a point are barely noticeable, the funnel is small and wide. The skin is glossy, dark cherry, almost black in color. The pulp is uniform in color - dark cherry, almost black. The consistency is dense, which is not typical for cherries, thick, fleshy, juicy. The juice is dark red. The taste is very pleasant, sour-sweet, taster rating - 4.5 points. 100 grams of Rossoshan black pulp contains: soluble solids from 10.9 to 18.3%, sugars from 8.5 to 12.3%, titratable acids from 1.1 to 1.9%, tannins and dyes 0. 1 - 0.2%. The peduncle is short, only 2.5 - 2.8 cm long, up to 1 mm thick, fusion with the stone is average. In fully ripened berries, the separation from the stalk is almost dry. In unripe ones, the stalk may separate with a small piece of skin, which can cause juice to leak. The stone, weighing 0.33 grams, is considered small, occupying about 7.3% of the total weight of the drupe. The color is brown-beige. The shape of the stone is round-oval, with a beveled and rounded top, a rounded and often flat base. The pulp is difficult to remove.

Brief description of the variety

The cherry tree reaches a height of 3 meters, the crown grows in the form of a pyramid, the foliage is not very dense. The fruits are large, about 50 berries are tied on one branch. The leaves are elongated, lanceolate, green or dark green. The berries are yellow or yellow with a pink tint, large. They have a sweet taste and thick skin.

Crown height and branching

The maximum height of the tree is 3 meters. Due to this size, the fruits are easy to harvest. The crown is spreading in the form of a pyramid. It forms large, long branches towards the bottom of the tree, and shorter ones towards the top.

Pollinator varieties, flowering and fruiting

The Rossoshanskaya golden cherry is self-sterile. To set buds, she needs pollinating neighbors. The flowering periods of these plants must coincide. The following types are suitable:

• Miracle Cherry;
• Night;
• Leningrad cherry;
• Check mark;
• Ovstuzhenka.

In the 4-5th year of the vegetative period, cherries begin to bear fruit. The lifespan of the variety is 25 years. Ovaries that form before this period will not bear fruit.

The tree begins to bloom early - in mid-April. When night frosts occur at this time, the yield is reduced. Lush, large, white flowers are formed. Each flower consists of 5 petals; they form dense inflorescences of 10-15 pieces. The fruiting period is average, the berries ripen by mid-June or early July. They have dense cuttings, which reduces berry drop.

Important! If a pollinator does not grow next to the Rossoshan cherry tree, then the tree will not be able to set fruit after flowering

Transportability and scope of application of berries

Thanks to their durable peel, the berries tolerate travel and storage well. They are consumed fresh. Used for making compotes, preserves, jams, freezing. This variety is grown for sale in large quantities to the market.

Description of fruits

We always appreciate cherries for their tasty and fairly large berries, which we will talk about later.

The very name of the variety suggests that the cherry berries are painted in a bright “golden” color. However, if the tree was planted in an open place and the fruits are well illuminated by the sun, then a pinkish tint is acceptable.

The cherries are large, weighing about 7 g. The pulp is quite dense and fleshy, which improves the transportability of the product. The shape of the fruit is heart-shaped, slightly flattened on the sides.

The taste is also excellent. The berry has a honey taste with barely noticeable sourness. The cherries are so tasty that they received the maximum score for their taste.

Cherry "Rossoshanskaya gold" needs pollinators, since the variety is self-sterile. That is, if you do not have other cherry trees in your garden, then buying a seedling of this variety is pointless, since you will not get a harvest.

Two varieties of cherry are perfect for pollination - “Miracle Cherry” and “Nochka”. Or another cherry variety “Ovstuzhenka”.

We remind you once again that the site must have the above-mentioned pollinating trees; the presence of insects will not improve the situation in any way if “Rossoshanskaya Zolotaya” grows in “splendid isolation.”

Subsequent care of the crop

The cherry variety of the described variety is not too demanding to care for, however, timely implementation of basic agrotechnical techniques can speed up the establishment of the crop, its fruiting and increase productivity.

Watering. Rossoshanskaya does not like excessive watering and can easily tolerate short-term drought. During the growing season, it is recommended to moisten the tree 3-4 times, using about 60 liters of water per plant. The crop should be watered for the first time in the bud bursting phase, the second time during flowering, the third time during the berry ripening phase and the last time after harvesting.

Before carrying out irrigation activities, it is necessary to thoroughly loosen the soil around the tree trunk so that moisture can easily reach the root system. After moistening the soil around the tree, it is recommended to mulch with hay, straw or sawdust, which will retain moisture and prevent the development of weeds.

Feeding. In the first year of growth, cherries do not need additional feeding, since they use the nutrients that were added to the soil during planting. In the second year, the crop is fed several times per season: in the spring, phosphorus fertilizers are applied to promote the growth of green mass, in early July the plant is fed with complex preparations, in September it is fed with phosphorus-potassium preparations.

Did you know? Cherry berries are recommended to be consumed fresh, since during any heat treatment they lose almost all useful components and vitamins.

Trimming and shaping. Since the plant is capable of producing good growth of shoots over a year, it regularly needs to be formed and pruned. At the beginning of fruiting, the seedling needs to shorten the central shoot and skeletal branches, which are arranged in tiers.

In each tier, the three strongest and most durable shoots should be left, and the distance between the tiers should be at least 50 cm. Adult trees need to undergo sanitary pruning every year, removing old, dry, damaged, broken or diseased shoots.

Care

Even the most unpretentious plant needs minimal care and attention. And the Rossoshanskaya Golden cherry is no exception.

Landing

Young cherry trees are planted in both autumn and spring. In warm climates, it is better to plant in the fall, 20–30 days before the temperature begins to drop sharply.

When planting, you must adhere to certain rules. Below is a detailed description of the entire process:

1. It is necessary to prepare the planting soil in advance by digging it. You also need to add mineral and organic fertilizers to the dug soil, which will nourish the young tree in the first years of its life.
2. A week before planting, dig a planting hole measuring 60x80 cm. It should be quite large so that the roots are free in it.
3. It is necessary to drive a peg in the center of the hole, which will hold the seedling straight, preventing it from tilting to the side.
4. At the bottom of the planting hole you need to pour a mixture of sand, soil, compost and 200 g of superphosphate fertilizer.
5. Place the seedling in the planting hole and cover it with soil on top.
6. Lightly compact the soil and make a circle around the trunk for further watering of the plant's root system.
7. Water the seedling with 10 liters of water.

If you tie a seedling to a peg, it will grow evenly and resistant to the wind.

Periodically monitor how the tree has taken root. Do not allow the soil to dry out too much and remember that the tree also does not like a lot of moisture in the ground.

Pollination

The tree of this cherry variety requires planting in a pollinator area. Ovstuzhenka cherries or cherries of the Chudo-cherry and Nochka varieties will do the job perfectly.

Insects that pollinate the flowers of trees are also unable to cope with this purpose. If you do not take into account the above, then a tree planted on the site will only bloom without producing a harvest.

Description and characteristics of the variety

Cherries got their name from the golden color of the berries. Fruits exposed to direct sunlight all day may take on a pink tint.

Mature tree height

The Rossoshanskaya golden cherry tree grows up to 3 meters. The crown of the tree is wide at the base and gradually narrows upward. The branches bend under the weight of the berries, making harvesting easier. The leaves of the cherry are green, lanceolate, the fruits are yellow, slightly flattened on the sides.

Flowering and ripening period

The variety begins to bloom in April. The weather conditions of this period have a great influence on the yield. The ripening of berries depends on the region where the crop grows: in the south it occurs at the beginning of June, in the north at the end.

Productivity

If agrotechnical practices are followed, a gardener can achieve a large amount of yield from plants. From a tree he can collect 25 kilograms of sweet, aromatic berries.

Transportability

The fruits of the Rossoshanskaya golden cherry have a dense peel, due to which it can be transported over long distances.

If the berries are removed from the stalk, the storage time increases significantly.

Drought resistance

The variety tolerates short-term drought well. But in order for the fruits to be juicy and elastic, cherries require watering several times during the spring-autumn period. At the same time, excess moisture can lead to the appearance of fungal diseases.

Frost resistance

The Rossoshanskaya golden cherry tree safely tolerates winter frosts, but may suffer from return frosts in the spring. In this case, the flowers suffer: due to bad weather, some of them fall off, which means the yield decreases. In the southern regions, plants feel more comfortable, since spring frosts rarely occur there.

Pollinators

The disadvantage of the variety is self-sterility. In order for cherries to set fruit, they require pollinating varieties growing nearby

It is important that the flowering dates of the crops coincide

Miracle cherry

This is the name given to the hybrid of sweet cherry and cherry. He collected the best qualities of crops. Miracle cherry produces sweet, non-sour fruits and is characterized as a plant with a high level of resistance to adverse weather conditions.

Night

The variety was developed as a result of crossing a hybrid of the Nord Star cherry and the Valeriy Chkalov cherry variety. The berries have a cherry aroma and a cherry dessert taste. The culture received its name for the dark red color of the fruits with a dark tint.

Description and characteristics of columnar cherry varieties, planting and care

Read

Description of the plant and its characteristics

By breeding the described variety of apple trees in the 1920s. of the last century was carried out by the Rossoshansky Zonal Experimental Station, whose breeders pollinated the Kronselsky transparent variety with pollen from Aport Krasny apple trees. Gardeners immediately liked the new hybrid, so after a while, breeders began to improve it. The result of their efforts was the development of many varieties of Rossoshansky apple trees, which have their own characteristics and advantages.

Did you know? Among the apple trees growing in our open spaces, the longest-livers are considered to be wild crops that grow in central Russia and can live up to 150 years.

Here are some of the types of apple trees described:

• Bagryanoye;
• Amazing;
• Striped;
• Lyozhkoe;
• Augustovskoe.

Rossoshan apple trees are winter-hardy and productive hybrids. Most of the described species are recommended for planting in the Belgorod, Voronezh, Volgograd, Kursk and Rostov regions, as well as in the Moscow region, since these regions have similar climatic conditions.

Here are some of the characteristics of this apple crop:

• the trees are medium-sized, have a round and dense crown (the older the plant, the more spreading its crown becomes, therefore, from the third year of life, the crowns require formation);
• the shoots are long, light brown or greenish-brown in color, somewhat curved or drooping (usually this occurs under the weight of the fruit);
• 2–4 year old branches and ends of last year’s growths bear fruit;
• large, rounded, wrinkled, dark green foliage;
• umbrella inflorescences have medium white flowers that completely cover the trees during the flowering period;
• apples are yellow-greenish, with red stripes and slight spotting; on the sunny side - a solid blush; they are round-conical in shape;
• apples are large (with an average weight of 160–200 g), with smooth and matte skin, fine-grained, sweet, juicy and tasty, with a slight wine sourness and a spicy aroma, which becomes more pronounced during storage;
• The pulp of an individual fruit contains up to 10–11 g of sugars and 15 g of vitamins.

Pros and cons of the variety

• Rossoshan apple trees have the following advantages:
• with good care, resistance to various diseases (scab, powdery mildew);
• low susceptibility to pests;
• apples on trees ripen at the same time;
• good shelf life of fruits (without rotting), even if there is high air humidity;
• possibility of transportation over long distances;
• the quality of the crop is improved by cross-pollination;
• able to grow on any soil;
• late-ripening crops make it possible to obtain harvests before the onset of winter frosts;
• varieties have taken root in all regions of Russia.

The disadvantages of the hybrid are few: with improper care or sudden climate change, apple trees may become infected with scab.

Productivity

There is no periodicity in fruiting in Rossoshan apple trees. Thus, one plant at the beginning of this period can produce up to 150 kg of apples, and later - up to 250 kg.

Features of agricultural technology

When growing Rossoshanskaya golden cherries, special attention should be paid to watering. This variety reacts negatively to both a lack of moisture and its excess. It is best to organize drip irrigation for the tree and mulch the tree trunk. In hot weather, it is watered weekly, soaking the soil 30–40 cm deep. Large and black varieties are less sensitive in this regard.

When growing Rossoshanskaya golden cherries, you should neither allow the soil to dry out nor flood the plant.

In addition to standard fertilizing (nitrogen in the spring, complex fertilizer at the time of ovary formation and after harvesting, phosphorus and potassium in the fall), annual application of sodium-containing fertilizers in the fall is recommended for Rossoshanskaya. This way the cherries will suffer less from frost.

Fertilizers containing sodium have a positive effect on the frost resistance of Rossoshanskaya cherries

High growth rates mean the need for constant formation of Rossoshanskaya cherries. The optimal crown configuration for it is sparsely layered. An adult tree consists of 3–4 tiers, each with 3–4 skeletal shoots. The distance between tiers is about 50 cm, the height of the trunk is 50–70 cm.

It takes 4–5 years for a cherry tree to form a sparsely layered crown.

Video: tips for caring for cherries

Rossoshanskaya cannot boast of very good immunity. To protect the tree from fungi, three preventive treatments are carried out per season - at the beginning of spring (buds in the green cone phase), 7-10 days after harvest and in mid-autumn. If the summer is rainy and cold—such weather favors the development of diseases—the treatments are repeated every 12–15 days. Any fungicides are suitable for prevention (copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, HOM, Strobi, Topaz, Ridomil-Gold). They are also used if infection cannot be avoided. When there are 3 weeks or less left before harvest, only copper-containing preparations of biological origin are used (Fitosporin, Fitolavin, Alirin-B, Maxim).

Any copper-containing preparations are harmful to pathogenic fungi

The most typical diseases for Rossoshan cherries are:

• moniliosis (dark spots, mold and rot on berries, drying shoots); Cherries affected by moniliosis cannot be eaten.
• cleasterosporia blight (dark spots on the leaves that turn into holes, drying out and falling fruits);

  
  Clusterosporiosis most likely will not kill cherries, but the growth and development of the tree will slow down sharply and the yield will decrease

• coccomycosis (small brown dots and pinkish spots on the front side of the leaf and a solid coating on the back); Cherry trees infected with coccomycosis lose their leaves in mid-summer
• anthracnose (dark spots on gradually drying fruits). Anthracnose spreads very quickly, so it is important to notice the problem early

Pests also do not bypass Rossoshanskaya. To spot a problem early, inspect the tree regularly.

Photo gallery: pests affecting Rossoshanskaya cherries

Hybrid characteristics

The culture was obtained at a Russian breeding station. To get this variety, we had to cross the Michurinka cherry and the Rossoshanskaya cherry variety. The species was bred in 1956, and already in the early 1960s. it was included in the State Register. Shows an ideal harvest in both the northern and southern regions of the country.

The cherry-cherry hybrid is not a self-fertile crop, so you will definitely have to plant other varieties of fruit trees next to it to increase the yield. The best pollinators for Rossoshanskaya cherries will be Nochka or Ovstuzhenka cherries. They are similar not only in the appearance of the fruits, but also in terms of ripening. Do not rely on the Rossoshanskaya cherry to bear fruit thanks to insects. The growing season of this crop lasts 90–100 days, i.e., harvesting after the first appearance of the ovaries occurs at the beginning of July.

The tree does not begin to bear fruit immediately, but 3 years after planting.

The Golden cherry variety is resistant not only to drought, but also to severe frosts. The description indicates that this cherry-cherry hybrid is able to withstand temperature changes from -40°C to +45°C.

Tree

The height of the tree is small: only 1.5-2 m. The crown is oval, thickened. The bark is a rich brown color, becoming almost black over time. It is dense, so it does not crack or peel, exposing the inside of the barrel.

The leaves of the Rossoshanskaya golden cherry are large and have a rich green tint. On their surface there is not only a dense layer of wax coating, but also small frequent light stripes. There is an elongated tip at the edge of each leaf. The inflorescences are large and consist of 8–10 pink flowers. This decorates the garden in spring.

Fruit

Description of cherry fruits:

• large, round in shape;
• the shade of the peel is golden, but if the berries are constantly exposed to the open sun, then burgundy, almost black spots appear on them;
• creamy flesh;
• The average weight of a large berry is 7 g.

The pulp is juicy, dense, with fibers. The taste is pleasant, sweet and sour. There is a medium-sized bone that is easy to separate. This variety of cherries is suitable not only for fresh consumption, but also for preparing preserves.

The principle of cultivation and planting

If you decide to grow the Rossoshanskaya golden cherry variety, then it is better to do it in elevated areas. The bottom line is that this crop does not tolerate waterlogging. If groundwater comes closer than 2 m to the surface of the earth, root rot will begin to develop, which will completely destroy the plant.

The tree should be located in the southern part of the garden area so that the berries receive the right amount of sunlight.

The soil

The soil should be light but fertile, so it is recommended to plant in black soil or loamy soil. Even they will have to be regularly fed with organic fertilizers. If the acidity exceeds 4%, you need to lime the soil. It is necessary to contribute for every 11 sq. m 2.5 l. lime mortar. The site is being prepared in the fall. It is dug up, removing all weed roots and foreign objects. After this, they contribute per 1 sq. m. 10 kg of humus or bird droppings to feed the soil. Allow the fertilizers to soak in for 5–7 days, after which they begin to dig a hole. Its depth should be 80 cm and width 60 cm.

Selection of seedlings

Not only the future harvest, but also the lifespan of the tree depends on planting material. On average, bushes grow and bear fruit for 25 years. When choosing a seedling, pay attention to ensure that there are no signs of disease (rusty or black spots in the root area). The optimal age of a seedling suitable for planting is 2 years.

Drainage

In mid-March, drainage is installed at the bottom of the hole. After this, it is sprinkled with 20 cm of soil and a seedling is placed inside. Its root neck should be above the surface of the earth. Only after this is it allowed to fill the holes. The soil is thoroughly compacted and watered with 10 liters of warm water. The distance between bushes should be 3 m.

Basic care recommendations

The first step is to provide the plant with high-quality watering. It is not shared often. The optimal interval for adding water to the soil is 20–25 days. For this, warm water should be used, since the plant absorbs it better. There should be 20 liters of liquid per bush. After each watering, a week later, you need to loosen the top layer of soil and remove all weeds.

The first fertilizing is applied a year and a half after planting. First, the plant needs to be fertilized with potassium nitrate (30 g per 10 liters of water) to ensure the stability of the ovaries. In autumn you need to apply superphosphate fertilizers (70 g of superphosphate per 10 liters of water). At least 20 liters of such solutions must be poured under each plant.

The plant does not need pruning. The only exceptions are when the tree shows signs of disease or dryness.