Pea diseases and their pests: rust, ascochyta blight, anthracnose, downy mildew and others, as well as methods of combating them

Pea diseases

Let's look at the most popular diseases that summer residents may encounter when growing peas.

Fusarium root rot

Fusarium root rot is a fungal disease.
It is caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium. These fungi reproduce and develop in the soil, so Fusarium infection of peas mainly occurs through the soil. The disease occurs during prolonged cool weather and high humidity.

At the same time, plants are most affected by Fusarium root rot in hot and dry weather.

Signs. Fusarium root rot primarily affects pea roots. First, the root and lower part of the stem turn brown, after which the entire plant gradually withers. The disease destroys the root system, it darkens and becomes loose. Sick peas can be easily removed from the ground.
Treatment. At the first signs of the appearance of fusarium root rot, crops must be treated with fungicides (for example, Kolosal Pro).
Prevention. The main thing is to follow the rules of crop rotation. Peas cannot be returned to their previous planting site for 4-6 years. Before planting, it is better to germinate the peas thoroughly.

The soil needs to be deeply tilled before planting. If sowing times are observed correctly, disease can be avoided.

Drinking root rot

Another type of root rot is drinking rot. It is caused by fungi of the genus Pythium. Drinking root rot is thought to promote the development of other types of root rot in the soil.

Drinking mushrooms are most active in early spring, when the soil has not yet warmed up. The mycelium develops most actively at temperatures from +6 to +10 degrees, and the development of the mushrooms themselves occurs at temperatures from +1 to +30°C.

Signs. The germinating seeds and roots of the plant simply rot. The areas affected by the disease become brown and soft. The plant is withering.
Treatment. Fungicides also help against drinking root rot (for example, “Homosil” - has a long-term therapeutic and preventive effect).
Prevention . Soil care. When developing a bed, it is necessary to use phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Also, when growing peas, use only high-quality, healthy, processed seeds.

Gray rot

Gray rot of peas is caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers.
The disease develops at high air humidity and large amounts of precipitation. Infection occurs through the soil or when growing peas from previously infected seeds (in this case, the mycelium is stored directly in the grains).

Signs. The most characteristic signs of pea infection with gray rot are a thick gray coating on the flowers and pods of the plant. The pods also turn brown towards the base and the affected areas increase in size.
Treatment. To treat peas from gray rot, the following fungicidal solutions are most often used: “Strobi”, “Khranitel”, “Chistotsvet”, “Diskor” and others.
Prevention. Correct crop rotation, control of aphids on plants. The garden bed should be watered moderately.

White rot

White rot of peas is caused by the fungus Peronospora manshurica Sydow.
Infection, like gray rot, occurs through infected soil, or when mycelium persists in seeds. Favorable conditions for the development of white rot are coolness and high humidity.

Signs. The affected areas of the plant first become brown in color and then become covered with white mycelium, similar to cotton wool. The plant withers and dies.
Treatment. Recently, a biological product has appeared designed to disinfect soil from many fungal diseases - Trichoderma verde.
Prevention. It is necessary to follow the rules of crop rotation, use fungicides for seed germination and soil treatment, and also destroy plant residues with biological products.

Rust

Another fungal disease of legumes is rust. The spores of the dioecious fungus are carried by the wind and, when they land on peas, infect them. The disease develops in warm and humid weather.

Signs. Rust mainly affects the stem and leaves, less often the pods. Brown pustules appear on diseased areas. With severe infection, the leaves turn completely yellow and gradually dry out.
Treatment. Rust is treated with approved fungicides. For example, the already known “Strobi” and “Homosilom”.
Prevention. Early sowing, using pea seeds of early ripening varieties, killing weeds and treating the plant with fungicides will help to avoid rust.

Powdery mildew

Fungal diseases of peas also include powdery mildew. It develops at an average temperature of 18 to 21 degrees Celsius, 70-80% humidity and little rainfall.

Signs. The first signs of powdery mildew appear on the lower leaves and stem of peas with a barely noticeable white coating, similar to a cobweb. As the disease progresses, the number of affected areas increases, plaque becomes noticeable, and the leaves and stem turn yellow and dry out.
Treatment. To treat powdery mildew in peas, use approved fungicides or 1% Bordeaux mixture.
Prevention. Compliance with the rules of crop rotation, deep digging of the soil. Be sure to destroy plant debris in the fall on which fungal spores can overwinter.

Downy mildew

Downy mildew, or downy mildew, develops with high air humidity and dense sowing.

The disease is transmitted through contaminated seeds and plant debris.

Signs. Downy mildew manifests itself in the form of a gray-purple coating on the underside of the leaves. Over time, these spots turn brown and the affected leaves dry out and fall off.
Treatment. At the first signs of downy mildew, peas are sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture. Green leaves are dusted with lime.
Prevention. Use only healthy seeds of early ripening varieties for planting, early sowing and timely weeding.

Ascochyta blight

Pea ascochyta blight is transmitted in the same way. This disease develops with large amounts of precipitation and an average temperature of 20-25 degrees.

Signs. Ascochyta blight affects the entire plant from bottom to top. It appears in the form of dark brown spots, on which small black dots form over time. Often ascochyta blight leads to root rot.
Treatment. For treatment, pea seedlings are sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture or 0.4% copper oxychloride.
Prevention. Prevention of ascochyta blight involves early sowing and choosing early ripening plant varieties. The soil should be dug deep and the rules of crop rotation should be followed.

Bacterial spot

Bacterial spot, or bacteriosis, of peas is spread through contaminated seeds and plant debris.

Occurs in warm and humid weather.

Signs. Spots of different shapes and sizes appear on the affected areas. An oily border forms around the spots. Over time, the spots can merge together, affecting larger and larger areas of the plant.
Treatment. Use of fungicides (eg Phyton-27).
Prevention. Approved fungicides are also suitable for the prevention of bacteriosis. It is worth choosing seeds of bacteriosis-resistant pea varieties for planting and planting only healthy peas.

Deforming mosaic

Deforming mosaic is a viral disease of peas.

The virus is transmitted to healthy plants by pea aphids.

Signs. The disease begins with the appearance of light green spots on the leaves, which gradually become transparent. Affected leaves become mottled, wrinkled and curly. The beans are also deformed.
Treatment. At the first signs of a deforming mosaic, all pea bushes must be treated with a solution of karbofos (75 g per 10 liters of water). Heavily infected plants must be immediately removed along with the soil.
Prevention. Eliminating pea aphids, early sowing, using healthy seeds, disinfecting garden tool blades.

Anthracnose

Anthracnose is a fungal disease that develops in cool, rainy and windy weather.

Infection occurs through seeds and plant debris.

Signs. Brown spots form on leaves, stems and pods. In the center of the spots are orange and red pads with bristles (fungal spores).
Treatment. Fungicides – “GreenCure”, “Strobi”, “Homosil”, etc.
Prevention. Crop rotation and deep plowing. Infected plant debris must be destroyed immediately.

The reason for the formation of “rust” on peas

Pea varieties

Rust is a dangerous fungal pathology that affects all varieties of legumes. The disease becomes active from the moment of formation of euphorbias and manifests itself in the form of an abnormal transformation of leaf blades. Small but numerous yellow spots form on the top; pads with bright orange spores are concentrated on the back side.

Pea ascochyta blight

On a note! Rust contains two types of fungal spores: the first destroys the leaf blade, and the other tends to destroy the entire plant.

It has already been found that the main cause of damage to country crops is fungi transmitted from milkweed weeds. If a crop is affected by a disease before flowering, it must be immediately and immediately treated with a solution of Bordeaux mixture (1%). Next, the ground around the bushes is carefully weeded and the nearest possible sources of infection are removed.

Pea pests

In addition to fungi, viruses and bacteria, there are many pests among the enemies of peas.

Pea weevil

The pea weevil, or bruchus, is a black beetle with reddish-gray hairs.
The weevil flies to peas during flowering and feeds on pollen. After hatching from the egg, the larva penetrates the pea and feeds on it.

Deliverance. To rid peas of weevil, gardeners use insecticides.

Prevention. Early sowing of peas of early ripening varieties. Careful selection of healthy grains for cultivation (affected peas float in a 3% solution of table salt).

Pea moth

The pea moth is a butterfly that lays eggs during the flowering of peas. The caterpillar hatches, enters the bean and feeds on the peas.

Deliverance. You can get rid of the codling moth by treating the bush with powder made from tobacco, ash or celandine. Insecticide "Bi-58" or "Lannat".

Prevention. Early sowing of early ripening pea varieties, deep digging of the soil. Loosening to destroy codling moth pupae.

Pea aphid

Aphids are bright green bugs that move to peas at the end of May. Sucks juice from leaves, stems, flowers and beans.

Deliverance. Spraying peas with Fury, Iskra, Fastak and other insecticides. Harvesting can be done no earlier than 10 days after treatment.

Prevention. Early sowing of early ripening pea varieties. Destruction of wild legumes.

Pea cutworm

The armyworm is another butterfly whose striped caterpillar feeds on plant leaves, primarily peas.

Deliverance. Treatment of plants with insecticides: “Bi-58”, “Karate Zeon”, “Pirinex”.

Prevention. Cultivation, autumn plowing (digging of soil in the fall with removal of weeds and application of fertilizers), destruction of weeds.

Nodule weevil

The root weevil is a soil-dwelling beetle that is active in warm weather. Its larvae feed on pea roots, and the beetle itself eats seedlings in the spring.

Deliverance. Pollination of seedlings with karbofos. They also use tobacco dust, ash, and dust from marigold plant residues.

Prevention. Early sowing of peas in well-developed soil. Removing pea crops from other legumes.

Bean moth

Firefly is a butterfly. Its caterpillars attack beans and damage pea seeds.

Deliverance. Insecticides and biological pesticides will help in the fight against moth.

Prevention. Early sowing of peas of early ripening varieties. Deep digging of the soil. Planting away from forest belts with white and yellow acacia.

Umbrella psyllid

The umbrella psyllid is a small green insect with transparent wings. Its larvae damage various plants, including peas.

Deliverance. The infected plant must be sprayed with tobacco decoction.

Prevention. Correct crop rotation, fungicide treatment, deep plowing, growing peas only from healthy seeds.

Worms

Worms in pea beans are pea weevil larvae. Fighting them is no different from fighting an adult insect.

Preventive control measures

Peas are also affected by other insects. For example, the Colorado potato beetle. Beetles are transferred from potato plantations to beds with legumes. Treat the affected areas by spraying tansy solution or manually, collecting larvae and adults. The umbrella psyllid is also found on peas, the larvae of which mainly infect carrots and parsley. Feeding on the sap of the plant, they lead to the death of the crop. To combat this, a tobacco solution is used. Crushed and dried herb (400 g) is boiled for about half an hour in 5 liters of water. Strain, adding another 5 liters. Grated household goods are added to the broth. soap (300 g). Spray 2-3 times every 7 days. Spraying should be stopped two weeks before harvesting.

It is known that prevention is easier than cure. The following prevention is useful:

Do not plant peas in the same place every year. The frequency is once every 4 years;
treat fields with crops with fungicides, Bordeaux mixture, colloidal sulfur;
use varieties suitable for the climate of the region;
thorough inspection and selection of seed material;
deep autumn plowing of the land.

You should not plant peas in one place for several years in a row.
Peas are susceptible to a large number of diseases, but the existing set of means to combat them makes caring for the plants easier. It is not difficult to grow it in fertilized nutrient soils.

Advice. Peas are able to absorb atmospheric nitrogen, so you don’t have to apply this fertilizer to the soil.

General recommendations for protecting peas from pests

As you can see, most often early sowing, the use of early ripening varieties and deep digging of the soil help protect against pests and diseases of peas.

It is worth paying attention to the seeds - their correct selection will help to avoid damage to peas by several types of pests and diseases.

Important! You can replant peas in the same place only after 4-6 years.

Gardeners often do not know how to treat peas against diseases and pests. In the article we have listed the main effective means. Try using special solutions, fertilizers, as well as traditional methods of prevention to combat pests and diseases of peas.

Useful properties and types of cultivated peas

Being cold-resistant, peas are suitable for growing in the middle zone and northern regions. As a grain crop, it was known even before the advent of corn, wheat and potatoes. Pea fruits contain proteins, amino acids, phosphorus, potassium salts, zinc and magnesium. Recommended for use by people suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system, metabolic disorders, and excess weight. Vegetable pea protein is similar in structure to animal protein and is easily digestible by the body. City view:

cerebral;
peeling;
sugar.

Peas are used not only in nutrition and medicine, but also in cosmetology. Pea decoction cleanses the skin, eliminates excess fat and rashes. Also found in anti-aging masks and hair washes.

Diseases

The greatest danger to peas are diseases such as powdery mildew and mosaic. Mosaic is a viral disease; to date there is no effective drug for its treatment. For the purpose of prevention, one must not forget about the rules of crop rotation and agricultural technology for this crop, and it is also necessary to carry out pre-sowing preparation of seeds. In the affected bushes, growth initially slows down and the leaves appear curled, and cloves also form on their edges. After some time, necrotic spots appear on the leaf blades, and the veins lose their color.

Spherotheca (powdery mildew) is a fungal disease. A loose, whitish coating forms on the surface of the above-ground part of the infected plant; it first appears on the lower part of the bush, and then covers it completely. As the disease progresses, fruits begin to crack and die, with infected stems and foliage turning black and dying.

Seed protection

To prevent the plant from suffering from diseases or pests in the future, you should start processing the seed in advance.

To protect seeds, experienced vegetable growers recommend seed dressing, which involves treating them with special pesticides. This is one of the most effective methods of protecting plants from most harmful insects and diseases. Pesticides will clean the seeds from internal and external infections that may become active after planting.

Most vegetable growers prefer the dry pickling method, as it is the simplest. In this case, before processing, all seed material is dried in advance. The disadvantages of dry dressing include uneven application of pesticides to the surface of the seeds.

Biology

The infection is maintained by oospores and mycelium. The first structure is found in the soil on plant debris and in the seed coat. The presence of mycelium has been established in the intercellular spaces of the endosperm, the seed coat and in the spaces between the shell and the endosperm. Sowing with infected seeds leads to the death of seedlings or the appearance of plants that are already diffusely infected. In spring, oospores and mycelium resume development and carry out primary infection. The growing season is different in that the main form of infection spread is conidial sporulation. (Peresypkin V.F., Diseases of agricultural crops, 1989) (Stancheva Y., 2003)

The intensity of disease development depends on climatic factors: humidity and temperature. The most favorable conditions for infection are an average daily temperature of +15 °C – +18 °C with humidity of 75% and above. The latent period is 4 – 11 days. The pathogen develops most quickly at an average daily temperature of + 16.4 °C. At +21.6 °C the incubation period extends to 11 days. Under natural conditions, it lasts 5–6 days. The infection completes its development cycle in 7–13 days. (Peresypkin V.F., Agricultural phytopathology, 1989)