How to use HOM against late blight on tomatoes: terms and processing rules, reviews. Preparation HOM for late blight on tomatoes: description and instructions for use

Main signs and methods of spread of late blight

Late blight or late blight is a disease of tomatoes and other crops from the nightshade family, including potatoes. Late blight is caused by pathogenic fungi.

Weakened plants are usually the first to get sick. Brown spots appear on the stems and leaves. If you look closely, you will see a delicate white fluff on the other side of the leaf. These are zoosporangia that are easily transferred from plant to plant. In a humid environment, spores of the causative agent of the disease emerge from them, which enter the plant through stomata or germinate directly through the top layer of tissue.

As a rule, potatoes are the first to suffer from late blight. Fungal spores can be found on healthy-looking seed tubers and in the top layer of soil. From diseased potatoes, the disease spreads to tomatoes. The time from potato disease to tomato disease is only a week, maximum ten days. In sunny weather, spores may die. Wet and cold summers with sudden temperature changes and fogs contribute to the rapid spread of late blight.

Attention! Never plant tomatoes next to potatoes. When treating tomatoes prophylactically against late blight, do not forget to treat potatoes.

This will not only reduce the risk of disease in both crops, but will also increase the growing season of potatoes, and, therefore, their yield. Hom-treated potatoes do not like the Colorado potato beetle.

In order to prevent late blight spores from infecting tomatoes, it is necessary to create a protective layer on the leaf surface of the plants, and also to treat the tomatoes with a substance that, by infecting the spores of the pathogen, would destroy them. The drug Hom meets each of these requirements.

First signs of appearance

Tomato bushes can be affected by late blight fungal spores at different times and unevenly, so you may not notice the first signs of the disease. If the onset of late blight occurs during a period of high air humidity, then a white coating will first appear on the stems or the underside of the leaves.

In dry weather, these will be dark spots or brown stripes that blur over time on the edges of leaves and on plant stems. Gradually the spots merge and spread throughout the bush. Brown-brown areas of skin appear on tomato fruits. At first, the density of the fruit does not change, but then they soften, rotting begins, and an unpleasant characteristic odor appears.

Reasons for appearance

Late blight appears under weather conditions favorable to the disease - high air humidity, a large difference between day and night temperatures (8-12°C), morning fogs. Plant humidity associated with the appearance of morning dew, and then lower daytime air temperature, which does not allow moisture to quickly evaporate from the leaves and soil surface, also causes the activation of late blight spores.

The cause of the disease may be unprepared soil, seeds, seedlings, non-compliance with crop rotation, not disinfected greenhouses and tools, dense plantings and individual tomato bushes, potato bushes and weeds located next to tomato beds, improper care of plants, low-quality seeds purchased from untested suppliers.

What is late blight (late blight)

Signs of infection of garden or field crops with late blight:

Favorable conditions for the development of late blight in the garden or field are air temperature not higher than +25˚, frequent rains. Pronounced signs of infection of plantings with Phytophthora fungi most often appear in the second half of July. But if you carefully and regularly inspect the beds, potato or grain fields, you can detect them much earlier, prepare medications in advance, and begin the fight against the disease in a timely manner.

What kind of drug is this

"Hom" is a fungicidal preparation and belongs to contact pesticides of inorganic origin. It is able to resist pathogens of fungal and bacterial diseases.

In comparison with copper sulfate and Bordeaux mixture, used for the same purpose, it has a number of advantages. It is used on open and closed ground.

The drug is a copper chloride salt, available in the form of a green-blue powder. It is not used in its pure form; it is diluted in water before processing. Salt crystals are not destroyed by sunlight in hot weather.

Composition and release form of the drug "Hom"

“Hom” is the abbreviated name for copper oxychloride, the main active ingredient in the drug. Many people choose the inorganic version of the pesticide as an analogue of Bordeaux mixture, but more convenient to use.

“Hom” is produced in the form of powder, packaged in bags of 20 or 40 grams. The crystals of the substance are odorless and colored light green. The copper-containing preparation is not destroyed by temperature or ultraviolet radiation, but is susceptible to the influence of alkali. Causes corrosion of iron or galvanized surfaces.

Types, release form and shelf life of the drug

Copper chloride as an active substance is used in various fungicides. If in the XOM preparation it is presented in dry powder form, then in the Abiga Peak product it is in liquid form. It is recommended to use HOM for treating plants in shelters, and the liquid form of Abiga Peak for open-air plantings. But the regulations are conditional; in practice, tomatoes and cucumbers in protected and open ground are treated with the HOM solution.

Concentration of active substance:

in dry powder - 861 grams per kilogram;
in suspension - 400 grams per liter.

HOM is a monofungicide, but copper oxychloride is included in a number of other combination preparations:

Homoxyl;
Ordan;
Cupritox;
Polychomus;
Oxychom (for tomatoes, cucumbers).

Available in packages of 20 and 40 grams.

How it works

The drug is widely used not only in the agricultural industry, but also in greenhouses, greenhouses and small vegetable gardens.
Hom has a wide range of uses, but is most often used in the fight against disease. It is also believed that the product accelerates plant growth and fruit ripening. The active ingredient in Khoma is copper oxychloride. Getting into the cells of pathogens, it interferes with the process of mineralization of organic substances, which leads to their failure, as a result of which the microorganism dies.

Practice has shown that after treatment with the drug, rot, mold and stains stop spreading. “Hom” affects pathogens on the surface of stems and leaves without penetrating inside.

The drug can be used even when the first symptoms of fungal infections appear, but the disease has not yet been identified.

Toxicity

HOM fungicide is a moderately toxic substance that belongs to the 3rd class of danger for humans, animals and bees, therefore, when working with it, you must take precautions and refuse to treat plants during mass flowering. The rest of the time, it is better to spray the working solution early in the morning or after sunset, when bees are not flying. The drug can be used in the vicinity of fishery reservoirs, but copper oxychloride should not be allowed to enter drinking water sources.

What is it used for?

The spectrum of action of Khoma is wide. The drug protects:

The most common diseases	Type of flora affected by pathogens
From late blight	Eggplants, potatoes, tomatoes and other nightshade crops
From powdery mildew	Onions and cucumbers
For coccomycosis, leaf curl or clusterosporiasis	Stone fruit trees
From mildew	Grape

Pharmacological properties

So, the basis of the drug Hom is copper oxychloride, which has a suppressive effect on pathogens. Getting into cells, it interferes with the mineralization of organic substances, neutralizing them. As a result, gradual death of cells with the causative agent of the disease occurs.

It is especially worth noting that the drug Hom is not addictive and ensures 100% death of microbes.

It is important to know!

The substance leads to metal corrosion, which is why you should not use metal containers to prepare the working solution.

All processes neutralizing the activity of pathogens take place in the leaves and trunk, without entering the plant cells. Salt crystals are insoluble in water or other organic liquids. They are not affected in any way by sunlight or high temperatures.

Description of the drug Hom and method of use - video

However, they can easily be neutralized by an alkaline environment, as well as washed off by rain.

. The natural decomposition of the drug into harmless elements lasts approximately 6 months. To speed up this process, you can use alkali.

Why is it worth treating tomatoes with Hom?

Knowing about the features of the drug and its composition, one can highlight its advantages and disadvantages when processing tomatoes.

Important! The main active ingredient in Khoma is copper oxychloride, which makes up 90% of the product. It is copper that forms a thin, imperceptible film on tomato leaves, protecting them from infection and pests.

Beneficial features

The advantages of Khoma include:
high efficiency;
compatibility with other drugs;
ease of use;
affordable price;
action only on the surface of the plant, without penetration into the tissues of leaves, stems and fruits;
the product leaves no traces in the soil 6 months after treatment.

Harm

The main question when working with products such as Hom is whether this drug is harmful to humans and to the plant itself. The fungicide does not harm tomatoes, however, when processing tomatoes with Hom, a person should adhere to basic safety rules: work in overalls, gloves and a mask, as well as wash their hands and wash themselves after the procedure. As for eating tomatoes, it is necessary to maintain certain periods after processing the plants, and then the fruits will not cause harm to health.

Description of the drug "Hom"

“Hom” is a green powder that is used to protect nightshade crops from late blight and Alternaria blight on tomatoes. It is also often used to protect plants from a number of fungal diseases, since its effect is in many ways similar to Bordeaux mixture. You can buy “Hom” in packages of 20 and 40 g in specialized stores, and for industrial scale it is sold in boxes of 10–15 kg.

Learn about the benefits of using copper wire to control late blight on tomatoes.

"Hom" refers to contact fungicides, which can be characterized as follows:

The drug has only a preventive effect. It cannot protect already diseased specimens.
Copper does not penetrate the plant tissue, but acts only on the surface.
Infections do not develop immunity to the drug, so it is always effective.
Hom treatments can be carried out up to 5 times per season.
On average, 1 procedure gives an effect of up to 2 weeks. However, the first rain will wash away the drug.
Homa particles only need six months to completely dissolve in the soil.

Preparation of the solution

During fruiting, plants are rarely treated with Hom. It is best to carry out the procedure, for example, during flowering (if the area is not inhabited by bees for which the product poses a danger). But treatment with a fungicide will be effective only if the proportions of the drug are maintained and the solution is correctly prepared to spray the plants.

Proportions

The prepared solution cannot be stored, so always dilute the drug for 1 procedure. To do this, it is important to correctly calculate the amount of product based on the area planned for treatment. In the case of tomatoes, the norm is 1 liter per 10 square meters. m. To get 1 liter of ready-made Khoma, you need to dilute 4 g of the drug in the specified amount of water. Knowing these proportions, you can easily determine how much fungicide you should buy to treat your plantings. However, keep in mind that if emergency spraying is planned during fruit ripening, more of the drug may be needed.

Did you know? China today grows up to 16% of the world's tomatoes, being the largest supplier of tomatoes on the planet.

How to prepare the drug

For standard preventive treatment, use the following recipe - dilute 40 grams in 10 liters of water. drug. First you need to prepare a concentrate: dilute the powder in 70-100 ml of water. Then, stirring constantly, add water to the required volume. If "Hom" is used according to the instructions, then phytotoxicity can be avoided.

Important! To prepare the solution, it is better to use warm, settled water.

1 liter of solution is enough for about 10 sq.m., the consumption can be increased if you need to spray tall varieties that have more green mass. The solution remaining after the procedure cannot be stored, so when preparing it, it is necessary to take into account the area of the garden.

Consumption rate

The working solution is prepared immediately before spraying infected crops, according to the instructions.

The prepared solution is used on different crops in different volumes, as follows:

on greenhouse tomatoes and cucumbers, the consumption rate is low and amounts to 2000 ml. per 10 square meters;
in vineyard conditions, the drug is used at a rate of 1500 ml. for the same area;
potatoes are processed with a flow rate of 1200 ml. per 10 square meters.

Immediately before spraying, prepare a working solution

Application of Hom for individual crops

Potatoes from late blight and macrosporiosis are treated with a solution of the drug Hom, prepared in an amount of 40 g per 10 liters of water. Sprayed during the growing season.

Sugar beets are treated for cercosporiosis with the same solution in the amount of 40 grams per 10 liters during the growing season. The indicated amount of liquid is sufficient for 100 m2.

Consumption rates for the drug Hom for plants:

The drug Hom is also effective for tomatoes against late blight, brown spot, and macrosporiosis in an amount of 40 grams per 10 liters.

Khom is also used in the same quantity for cucumbers against bacteriosis, peronosporosis, anthracnose, for onions (except for onions), and hops.

Fungicides:
Profit Gold Preparation Mancozeb Fungicide Ordan
When treating fruit trees with Hom, the solution is made in such a way that there is from 2 to 5 liters per plant.

Hom works well against mildew on grapes. For spraying, prepare a solution in the amount of 40 g per 10 liters. For 10 m2 it takes 1.5 liters.

For ornamental crops against rust and spotting, prepare a solution in an amount of 30 to 40 grams per 10 liters. You can spray with Hom at any time except flowering.

What preparations are needed in spring to protect plants?

Instructions for use

It is important to choose the right time to apply a fungicide. Regardless of whether you process tomato bushes in the open ground or in a greenhouse, you should do this on a warm, windless day. Treatment of plants with this drug is contraindicated if the air temperature exceeds +30 °C. The product is applied by spraying; for this you can use any container with a spray nozzle that is convenient for you.

It is recommended to carry out the procedure from bottom to top, carefully ensuring that all leaf plates are evenly moistened. Experienced gardeners write down the date of each treatment in order to carry out 4 procedures with equal time intervals between them, as recommended in the instructions for the drug.

Did you know? In 2003, American farmer Rob Baur developed a plant in which he combined tomato and tobacco. The new culture was named “Tomak”.

Protection of tomatoes in greenhouses and open ground

“Hom” is used by summer residents to combat late blight in tomatoes both in greenhouses and in the garden. Treatment is carried out 3 or 4 times during the season. The intervals between sprayings are about 2 weeks.

Reviews from gardeners

Fungicide “Hom” copes well with late blight on tomatoes, as well as downy mildew on cucumbers. However, I resort to using it in extreme cases, because I have an apiary, and the drug has a detrimental effect on bees. Nikolai Petrovich, 66 years old.
For a long time I fought against late blight on tomatoes: the tops dried out and there was no harvest. On gardener forums I came across reviews about the chemical “Hom”. I decided to try it: I bought a sachet weighing 40 grams for 60 rubles. I used it taking all precautions. The drug has fully proven its effectiveness. Next season I will definitely spray cucumbers as a preventive measure. Svetlana Georgievna, 58 years old.
I prepared the solution according to the instructions and sprayed all the tomato bushes affected by late blight. Two weeks later, the bushes regained a healthy appearance, but two bushes could not be saved. After repeated treatment, the plants were completely restored. Ekaterina, 43 years old.

Precautions when working with the drug

Perhaps the most popular question regarding spraying with Hom is whether it is possible to burn tomatoes with this preparation. No, the product does not have a similar effect, but this does not mean that you can take the issue of preparing or applying the solution lightly.

To prevent Hom from harming you, you should follow a number of rules when working with it:

For each spraying, prepare a fresh preparation;
use protective clothing, gloves and a respirator during processing;
do not eat food or smoke near the solution;
store “Hom” in a specially designated place, away from food, at a temperature no higher than +30 °C and no lower than –5 °C;

Important! The product has a hazard class of 3, and therefore is toxic to fish (it should not be allowed to enter water bodies) and bees (if there are insects on the site, it is best to carry out the treatment in the evening).

Contraindications for use

Hom is a preparation for treating plants that can be used throughout the growing season - from early spring to late autumn. The only exception is the flowering period of fruit, vegetable and ornamental crops (the fungicide poses a danger to pollinating insects).

Spraying of plants with Hom should be carried out no later than 3 weeks before harvest (for grapes this period increases to 1 month). It is strictly forbidden to use the drug if it has expired.

Advantages and disadvantages

The fungicide Hom has both positive and negative sides.

Pros of Hom:

suitable for both prevention and treatment of plants;
Hom combines well with other drugs and gives good results;
easy to use;
acts against a wide range of pathogens;
does not cause resistance with frequent use.

Remedy for diseases Hom (Green Belt)

Minuses:

Hom is easily washed off by rain, so it is recommended to add a gluing liquid to the working solution;
dangerous to pollinating insects;
validity period is 12 days;
unpleasant odor;
may cause burns when used in direct sunlight.

Overall, Hom is a strong drug and has many advantages.

Fungicide storage

Despite the low toxicity of the drug, “Hom” is advised to be stored in places inaccessible to children of any age. The fungicide is also dangerous for birds and domestic animals. The copper-containing product is left in a room with cool air and low humidity. When sealed, copper oxychloride powder will not deteriorate for 5 years. Violation of the integrity of the package will reduce the shelf life.

Analogues of the product

In addition to Khoma, gardeners successfully use analogues. The most common drugs:

Oxychoma has a wide range of applications. The composition includes not only copper oxychloride, but also oxide. The product is intended to suppress pathogens at different stages of development. Suitable for spraying plants and adding to the soil.
In Polychoma, the action of the active component is enhanced by polycarbocin. The fungicide is safe for plants, but it repels the Colorado potato beetle and prevents the laying of larvae.
"Kuprikol" is aimed at combating the lower classes of phycomycetes. Fungal spores destroy inorganic substances and copper derivatives.

The persistence of the effect depends on compliance with all points of the instructions for the use of fungicides. Before spraying, the plants are watered abundantly. Water from a watering can or hose washes away medications, just like streams of rain. When working, use personal protective equipment.

Summer residents speak positively about the fungicide. “Hom” effectively protects plants from dangerous diseases. Copper oxychloride is easy to purchase at any flower shop. Use is not difficult, and the harvest will not suffer as a result of diseases of vegetable and fruit crops.

Tips and tricks

The first target of late blight in the garden is often potatoes, so experienced gardeners never plant tomatoes next to this crop. The disease can spread from diseased potatoes to tomatoes in 10 days. When treating nightshades against late blight, you should also pay attention to potato beds.

The effect of copper oxychloride can be enhanced by combining it with the following drugs: Fufanon, Epin, Inta-Vir, Entobacterin.

Attention! You cannot mix “Hom” with “Aktara” and lime, as they contain alkali.

For better adhesion of the solution to the leaves, you can add a quarter of a piece of laundry soap instead of milk.

Tomato varieties resistant to late blight

Mostly early-ripening tomato hybrids are considered resistant to the effects of phytophthora fungus spores. They manage to mature before the onset of mass infection by the disease; in addition, they have undergone selective selection, which has secured their ability not to succumb to late blight.

The early maturing hybrid “Soyuz 8 F1”, intended for cultivation in greenhouses and open ground, with a yield of 15 to 20 kg per 1 sq.m., has very good resistance to infection by spores. The hybrid created by Siberian breeders "La La Fa F1" is not afraid of blossom end rot, is resistant to late blight, is determinate - reaches a height of no more than 1.5 m. The ultra-early ripening hybrid "Lark F1" has excellent qualities - a low-growing red-fruited tomato with good set and productivity .

In addition, varieties and hybrids resistant to late blight are popular among gardeners: “Kameya”, “Ranetochka”, “Zalochnoe Miracle”, “Moskvich”, “Snezhana”, “Dubrava”, “Solnechny”, “Yablonka Rossii”, “ Carrot", "The Little Prince".

Prevention methods

There are several prevention methods that will help reduce the risk of diseases in tomatoes:

correctly follow the principles of crop rotation, plant tomatoes in the same place every 4 years;
Do not plant after potatoes, peppers and eggplants. It is good that cucumbers, onions, beets, turnips, carrots or cauliflower grow at the planting site before the tomatoes;
grow early and infection-resistant varieties;
do not plant too densely;
if there is an excess of lime in the ground, pour peat into the holes, adding onion peels and sprinkling sand on top;
monitor watering, do it at the root, without touching the shoots;
mulch the bushes in time;
mustard, marigolds, calendula, onions or garlic would be good neighbors;
unnecessary shoots and leaves should be removed in time;
increase the plant’s immunity, feed it with potassium and phosphorus in a timely manner, spray it with immunomodulators;
ventilate the greenhouse;
do not use nitrogen fertilizers in the second half of the growing season. Large amounts of nitrogen can provoke the development of late blight.

These are simple rules, by following them you can avoid infecting tomatoes.