14 varieties of Bere (Bera) pear: description, characteristics of the species, characteristics, planting and cultivation

History of Bere pear breeding

The name of the Bere pear species comes from the French word Beurre, which translates as “butter.” The pulp of the first pear of this group had exactly these characteristics (soft, melting in the mouth). It was named Bere Ardanpont (named after the Belgian pomologist Abbot N. Ardanpont).

Next came the Bere Giffard variety, but the Bere Bosc variety, created by a French breeder, became more popular.

Soon, with the name Bere, numerous trees appeared, the fruits of which had a nutmeg taste.

But the Bere Russkaya variety was the result of the work of Voronezh breeders. Then in Russia they began to grow winter Bere, which was perfectly suited to the unstable climate of the middle zone.

Reviews

Anatoly

Ulyanovsk

Bere Bosk pear has been growing on my plot for more than 10 years. Fruits abundantly every year. The harvest is always so generous that there are enough pears not only for our family. Every year we treat all neighbors and relatives

Olga

Gelendzhik

Pears are incredibly tasty. The pulp is so tender that it really melts in your mouth. You can eat them fresh, make jam, and make pie filling. A wonderful variety.

Alina

Ukraine

I love the Bere Giffard variety. The fruits are tasty and sweet, suitable for canning and making sweets. Really like.

To which regions is Bere pear more adapted?

The Bere varietal group is adapted for cultivation in many regions of Russia. Plants are often found in the Foothills, Krasnodar Territory, North Ossetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingush, Karachay-Cherkess, Chechen Republics, and Crimea.

The frost resistance of most Bere species is average, so the trees are carefully prepared for winter. They treat trunks and protect them from pests and rodents.

When planting Bere pears, you need to take into account their main feature - they do not tolerate drought well. Lack of moisture has a bad effect on the growth, taste of fruits and development of trees.

Main characteristics

The tree is of medium height, the crown is round and moderately thick. The kidneys have a good ability to awaken. The fruits are on ringlets.

The shoots are characterized by an geniculate structure, the color ranges from cherry to brown. The buds are pressed against the branches. The foliage is medium in size and oblong oval in shape. Sharp jagged edges can be seen along the edge. The petiole is of moderate length and thickness.

As for the soil, the variety prefers loam, soddy-podzolic soil, light loam and black soil. It is also worth noting that pear loves the sun and is resistant to winter cold. Moisture-loving plant.

Advantages and disadvantages

The Bere group has been growing trees for over 150 years. During this time, numerous features of plants of all types were studied.

Among the strengths it should be noted:

• large fruits;
• strong immunity of trees to most pear diseases;
• stable and annual harvests;
• preservation of presentation after long-term transportation;
• rapid adaptation to the external environment;
• fruits are characterized by high taste characteristics.

Description and characteristics of the variety

Bere is considered a table variety. The trees of this group grow tall. Their crown is spreading, asymmetrical, pyramidal in shape. The branches are strong, long, thick. The leaves are large, ovoid in shape. Flowering occurs late. The flowers are large.

The first fruits appear on the branches of trees that are 7–8 years old. For different varieties it occurs at different periods - from late July to early November. The pears are large, the weight of one reaches 190–250 g. They are elongated in shape. Their skin is orange, yellow, and golden.

It is thin and rough. The pulp is cream-colored, very juicy, oily. Pears have high taste qualities. Fruits are transported well. And they are stored for only 3-4 weeks. Pear trees of the Bere group are actively grown in France, Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, in the south and west of Russia.

Varieties of Bere pear

Bere group pears are time-tested species. Today there are a lot of subspecies, but in the Russian climate, not all of them can be grown. Below we will describe representatives of the Bere varieties, which are most distinguished by their taste characteristics.

All Bere group pears are divided into 3 subgroups according to the speed of fruit ripening: summer, autumn and winter varieties.

Summer varieties

The fruits of this group share similar taste characteristics. True, there are some differences in the characteristics of cultivation and care. Among all the summer Bere varieties, Zolotaya, Letnyaya and Giffard received the greatest love among gardeners.

Description of the variety

Bere Michurina is a late-ripening variety and has good keeping quality. The pear is zoned for cultivation in the Lower Volga and Central Black Earth regions.

Characteristics of wood

Trees of this variety are tall and strong. The crown is wide, well leafy, and has a pyramidal shape. Young shoots have a green tint. The foliage is yellow-green, oval in shape and has wavy edges.

Description of fruits

The fruits are small and their weight ranges around 90-100 grams. The pear shape is slightly shortened, with slight ribbing. When picked from the tree, pears have a pale green color with a slight blurred blush on the sunny side.

During storage, the base color becomes yellow and the blush becomes more intense. The taste of this variety is satisfactory. The fruits are sweet, juicy, with a pronounced tartness. The harvest is harvested at the end of September and stored until March.

Bere winter Michurina.

Features of planting work

In rare cases, trees from the Bere group require special complex care. In most cases, compliance with the classical rules of agricultural technology is enough to get a good, juicy harvest.

The pear tree reacts negatively to transplants and transfers to a new location. Therefore, you should immediately choose a permanent place for the seedling.

Deadlines

Bere pears can be planted both in spring and autumn. In the fall, you need to plant trees before the onset of stable cold weather (5-7 weeks before the first frost). The seedling must have enough time to adapt and take root.

In spring, fruit trees are planted before buds begin to bloom. But the earth should already warm up after winter.

Rules and disembarkation scheme

A seedling aged 1-2 years is best suited for planting. It should have a well-developed root system and be free of any signs of disease or damage.

For planting, choose a well-lit area so that the seedling is exposed to sunlight throughout the day. Maintain a distance of at least 3-4 m from buildings to seedlings.

Fertile chernozem and loamy soils with a neutral acidity level are best suited for pears.

Scheme for planting pear seedlings
Planting technology:

1. A few weeks before the expected planting date, prepare a hole about 60-80 cm deep and at least 80-100 cm wide.
2. A drainage layer is laid at the bottom of the hole. A small hill is formed from nutrient soil on which the seedling is placed. The roots are carefully straightened.
3. The plant is covered with nutritious soil on top. The root collar should be 5 cm above the surface level.
4. Each plant is watered abundantly. After moisture is absorbed, the tree trunk circle is mulched.

If a garden is being planted, then 3-4 m are maintained between trees in a row, and 5-6 m are left between rows.

Characteristic

The tree stands out for its large size and dense pyramidal crown. Skeletal branches are long and thick, may have a bend, and sag with age. The bark on the trunk is colored gray-brown, medium peeling with yellow lenticels is allowed. In this case, the bark of the main branches will have a greenish tint. The shoots of the hybrid are thin, and the color is predominantly gray.

The leaves have a pointed ovoid shape, the plate is shiny and dense. The edges of the green mass are wavy, large-serrate, the stipules are narrow and long.

It blooms with small white flowers, collected in inflorescences of 6-10 pieces. In case of return frosts, there is a high probability of freezing.

The fruits are medium in size, the weight of one varies from 160 to 220 g. The shape of the pears is bell-shaped, the surface is lumpy. The skin is thin and matte. Upon reaching removable ripeness, the green color predominates; later, in the ripe state, the pear will become light yellow, brown inclusions are allowed, as well as a pinkish blush.

The peduncle is thick, of medium length, the calyx is open. The pulp is juicy, white, aromatic and tender.

Chemical composition of Bere Ardanpon fruits:

• sugar – 10.4%;
• dry soluble substances – 17.3%;
• P-active catechins – 50.6 mg/100 g;
• ascorbic acid – 7.4 mg/100 g;
• titratable acids – 0.5%.

Despite the low winter hardiness of the flowers of the hybrid, in general it demonstrates good viability indicators when air temperatures drop in winter and during sharp frosts in the off-season.

Trees acquire the ability to bear fruit 8-9 years after planting in the garden. On a quince rootstock they will produce a harvest much earlier - in 5-6 years. Pears ripen at different times, do not fall off, and are stored for a long time.

To improve productivity, it is recommended to plant together with pollinating varieties. Good neighbors for a hybrid will be:

• Forest beauty;
• Williams;
• Winter decanka.

Forest beauty

Williams

What care does a fruit tree require?

The correct choice of seedlings and proper planting are not the only rules for achieving high yields. It is necessary to properly care for plants.

Watering and fertilizing

The pear reacts negatively to a lack of moisture, but at the same time does not like too much of it. During the growing season, pears are watered no more than 5-6 times (the frequency of watering depends on the amount of precipitation). The consumption for each tree is 30 liters.

During the growing season, pears are watered no more than 5-6 times.

Fertilizers must be regularly added to the soil under the pear. Feeding begins in the second year, since at planting a sufficient amount is applied for the whole season.

Organic compounds are added to the soil once every 2-3 years.

Trimming

Tree crown pruning is performed depending on the varietal characteristics of the crop. Crown formation begins in the second year after planting. Tiers of skeletal branches are gradually formed. To do this, remove all unnecessary side shoots, as well as branches growing inward. All main shoots are cut to 10-15 cm. Sanitary pruning is carried out annually.

Whitewashing wood

Many people neglect this procedure, considering it a relic of the past. The lower part of the trunk and skeletal branches are whitewashed. The procedure helps solve several important problems:

• protecting the bark from burns in winter;
• protection from pests and pathogens.

The lower part of the trunk and skeletal branches are whitewashed.
Whitewashing can be purchased at a specialized store, or you can prepare it yourself.

Preparing for winter

Every year, trees of the Bere group must be carefully prepared for the coming winter, especially in critical farming conditions, since the winter hardiness of most species is not very high.

Among the main activities it should be noted:

• annual autumn cleaning of the area from fallen leaves and fruits;
• sanitary pruning (removal of diseased, dry and damaged shoots);
• deep digging of the tree trunk circle;
• cleaning growths on the bark, as well as removing damage;
• treating stripped areas on the bark with garden varnish or copper sulfate solution;
• carrying out water-recharging irrigation (trees are watered for several days in a row);
• wrapping trunks to protect against rodents and pests with burlap or spruce branches;
• mulching the tree trunk circle with dry sawdust or humus.

The trunks are wrapped in burlap or spruce branches to protect them from rodents and pests.
The listed measures should not be ignored, since successful wintering largely depends on them.

Pests and diseases of pear

The most dangerous pear pest today is the pear borer of the psyllid family. Adults overwinter on skeletal branches, in tree bark, and fallen leaves.

Emergence begins when spring temperatures reach 3°C. Mating of individuals begins at a temperature of +5°C, and egg laying at +10°C. In just one season, up to 6 generations can develop.

The larvae of the 1st generation are born during the blooming of the pear fruit buds; they make their way inside and feed on the juice, leaving behind honeydew.

They are often mistaken for aphids, especially since ants begin to swarm in these places.

Against it, you can spray it during the period of bud break with the drugs “Aktara”, “Confidor”, “Enzhio”, and from biological ones - “bitoxibacillin” (BTB).

Against aphids, we can recommend spraying with the biological product “Verticillin”, the same as BTB.

The pear moth is interesting because it feeds exclusively on pear seeds.

Its larvae (caterpillars) gnaw passages in the fruits, approaching the seeds, and the fruits with them fall off and rot, becoming unusable, since their inside is filled with the excrement of the larvae.

It is especially dangerous for early pear varieties, since by the time the larvae develop, the seed chamber has already been formed. The already mentioned insecticides - "Aktara", "Confidor" - are suitable against it.

Against scab and fruit rot, no later than 2 weeks before harvest, spray with the fungicide “Switch” or “Horus”.

You can spray after harvesting, but then you need to remove and burn the fallen leaves on which the pest spores overwinter.

Methods of treating and getting rid of diseases and pests

Since most Bere varieties have good immunity, the cause of the disease lies in non-compliance with care rules, or in the wrong choice of site or soil.

If you promptly remove the remains of leaves and fruits from the ground, water, fertilize, loosen the soil and trim the crown, you will not need to engage in treatment during cultivation.

Regular spraying with urea solution helps increase the resistance of trees.

When the first signs of problems appear, they immediately strive to determine the cause and begin timely treatment.

Planting and care

The fruit tree is very picky about the choice of soil and its planting location. It is best to choose a place in the garden where it will not be exposed to much wind. This will protect the crop from the first frosts. The place should also be well lit. Shading and lack of sunlight can lead to reduced yields.

Planting pit and drainage work

The root system of a fruit tree does not tolerate waterlogging.

The planting hole is dug and filled in advance.

It is recommended to carry out drainage work at the place where seedlings are planted. To do this, a planting hole is dug in the area chosen for planting.

The depth of the pit is approximately 1 m and the diameter is about 70 cm.

The hole is filled with a bucket of water solution with two glasses of lime - fluff. The hole should stand for about ten days until the day of planting.

Soil preparation

To plant a tree, prepare soil composed of humus, sand, and a glass of superphosphate in a ratio of 2:2:1.

Lime is used to deoxidize the soil.

When planting, after filling the root system, the root collar must protrude from the soil to a height of about 6 centimeters. The area around the trunk is abundant with water . Mulching is carried out using sawdust or dry humus.

For propagation, you can use seedlings or seed stocks of wild pears. The best results are shown by vaccinations done on quince.

Terms and conditions for storing fruits

Depending on the Bere variety, the fruits are stored for different times. Autumn and winter varieties are most suitable for storage. In order for the crop to be preserved for the longest possible period without loss of taste characteristics, it is removed directly from tree branches at the stage of removable maturity.

Autumn and winter varieties are most suitable for storage.

If you keep the fruits on the branches, they will not last long.

To preserve the harvested crop for as long as possible, adhere to the following recommendations:

• After harvesting, the fruits are sorted. Whole fruits without signs of disease are placed in a cool room.
• Remove the pears by hand and carefully place them in containers with ventilation holes.
• When removing, the stalk is not pulled, but twisted. It should stay on the fruit.
• The containers in which the harvest is stored are covered with paper.
• In the refrigerator, fruits are best stored in the fruit and vegetable compartment.
• In the cellar, it is best to store pears in wooden or plastic boxes. Each layer is covered with paper. If the harvest is not too large, then each fruit can be wrapped separately.

If all storage rules are followed, pears can be stored without loss of taste until spring.

Landing

In order to have a healthy and fruit-bearing crop in the garden, the gardener is recommended to take into account a number of important nuances regarding its rooting.

The seedling can be planted in the garden at the beginning of the season or at the end. The most suitable time for work is selected taking into account the climatic characteristics of the region. Spring planting is recommended for northern latitudes, since the young plant will have more time to adapt to new conditions. In the south, seedlings are usually rooted in the fall. This option will allow them to undergo hardening, which will have a positive effect on durability in the future.

Buying a seedling

Planting material should be selected in specialized stores or nurseries. It is better to purchase a young dessert pear seedling in the fall.

There are a number of requirements for planting material:

• optimal age from 1 year;
• moist and elastic root system;
• there should be no damage or signs of disease on the bark;
• the tree must have at least two branches up to 12 cm long;
• under the bark the wood will be a rich green color.

Seedlings can be sold in containers or bags (with a closed root system) or without additional containers (with an open one). In the first case, the roots of young plants will be protected from damage or drying out.

Selection of location and soil

The hybrid does not tolerate transplantation well, so you should choose the site for its cultivation carefully. Preference should be given to the western or southwestern side of the garden. The place should be protected from strong winds, and also receive maximum sunlight during the day.

The best option would be loose soil with good aeration. Most often, Bere Ardanpon is rooted in loam or sandy loam soil. To improve the composition of garden soil and make it lighter, it is practiced to combine the soil with coarse sand. Groundwater should lie at a distance of 1.5-2 m from the surface. If the location is closer, it is recommended to plant the crop on specially prepared earth mounds.

Landing technology

Rooting requires preliminary preparation of the hole. It is best to carry out this work in the fall if planting is planned in the next season. In the south, during autumn planting, the hole for the seedling is prepared at least 2-3 weeks in advance.

Suitable hole dimensions will be 60x80 cm. The soil from the hole is mixed with fertilizers - superphosphate (20 mg), sodium nitrate (30 mg) with the addition of water. A tree with an open root system is kept in a container with water a day before planting. You can additionally use a growth stimulator. To make it easier to remove the seedling from the container, it should be watered abundantly before planting.

The work algorithm will be as follows:

• 1-2 buckets of water are poured into the hole;
• drive in a support (it should be located on the south side);
• the seedling is placed in the center, the roots are straightened;
• covered with earth, compacting thoroughly to avoid voids;
• tie the tree to a support;
• watering is carried out using about 20 liters of warm water;
• mulch the tree trunk circle with organic matter (humus or peat).

Reviews of Bere pear varieties

Alexander, 42 years old: “Bere Giffard planted on the plot 8 years ago. I have been enjoying a bountiful harvest for the past few years. The fruits are very large, juicy and tasty. I collect a lot, enough for the whole family, preparations and often treat my friends.”

Vladimir, 32 years old: “I inherited a dacha from my grandmother along with a beautiful pear. Despite the fact that the tree takes up a lot of space on the site, this is compensated by a tasty, juicy harvest. The branches were pruned as much as possible, but despite this, the young shoots quickly grew back and the tree bore fruit no less abundantly than before.”

Svetlana, 39 years old: “The Bere group of trees is my favorite. Several subspecies grow on the site. I love the taste of the fruit. They are suitable for making salads, jams, compotes. Children enjoy eating fresh.”

Bere pears are a large group of plants, among which every gardener can choose the best option for their plot in terms of characteristics and fruiting time. When choosing these plants, you should remember that they are sensitive to frost, so shelter and protection are mandatory for them in the fall. Basically, Bere varieties are characterized by unpretentiousness; they require the implementation of classical agrotechnical measures.

Do you have a Bere pear growing in your garden? Then share your impressions about it in the comments.

Characteristics of the variety

All varieties of the variety have different characteristics. Each individual species differs in fruit ripening period, appearance and parameters. Varieties of the family ripen at different times, but most of them ripen in the fall.

Description of trees

The Bere pear variety, according to the description, is of medium height, but with a large crown. Over the years, the foliage becomes dense and the crown becomes wide.

The shoots and trunk are thick, the leaves are oval-shaped, with rounded ends. The flowering period occurs late, so the inflorescences are not affected by return frosts.

Description of fruits

According to the description, the fruits of the Bere family reach 200-300 g.

Their skin is yellow, yellow-green, golden, greenish or red. The fruits ripen from late July to early November. The average shelf life of fruit is up to a month.

Growing

The pear is a rather whimsical tree. To care for it, you need to carefully follow all the recommendations from experienced gardeners:

• Watering. An adult plant that bears fruit needs watering as a last resort (during dry summers). In the first 2 years after planting the seedlings, the bere pear needs to be watered. The root system must take root well so that the crown actively grows and develops. A growing plant needs a lot of strength.
• Treating the area around the trunk to remove weeds. These measures are applied only in the first year after planting. When the bere tree grows, it will cope with weeds on its own.
• Mulching the soil prevents the growth of weeds and protects the tree from fungi and some bacteria. To do this, a layer of straw or sawdust is poured around the tree trunk.
• Fertilizer is simply necessary for capricious trees (especially during periods of active growth and development). It is carried out in spring and autumn.
• Treatment of bera from parasites and bacteria is carried out using special products from gardening stores.
• Whitewashing the trunk with PVA glue in spring will protect the plant from bacteria and fungi.
• Covering the trunk in winter with paper will help the tree survive the winter cold.

Important! After winter, the pear tree must be inspected for damage to the trunk. If any, they are lubricated with copper sulfate.

Description

The Bera variety of pears is considered an ancient variety of pears that came to Russia relatively recently. It came from Western Europe, developed by French breeders. The name was invented for it based on the appearance of the pulp. It is soft and yellow and melts in your mouth. The trees usually grow tall with an asymmetrical crown. The crown shape is pyramidal. The branches spread high and wide. The shoots grow and develop very quickly. They have a light brown (sometimes gray) tint. Thickness - average. The leaves are dark green and egg-shaped.

Bera blooms late and is partially self-pollinated. For a large harvest, it is best to use additional pollination with the help of varieties: Vassa, Ardanpon, Dekanka winter. The trees reach 10 meters in height, which makes crown cultivation and harvesting difficult. Bera are frost-resistant trees with high yields. It begins to bear fruit on average 6-7 years from the moment the seedlings are planted (some subspecies bear fruit earlier).