History of selection and region of breeding
This variety was bred by RZOSS - Rossoshansky Zonal Experimental Horticulture Station, located in the Voronezh region. Breeders working at this station are breeding new varieties of fruit trees and other agricultural crops.
The originators of the variety were G.D. Neporozhny and A.M. Ulyanishcheva, who, to obtain a new variety, crossed Klapp’s Lyubimitsa, which is distinguished by its unpretentiousness to growing conditions and excellent taste of the fruit, and Tonkovetka, which is highly resistant to cold.
The Rossoshanskaya Krasivaya pear was bred in 1952, and variety trials of this variety were carried out only in 1965. But the Rossoshanskaya Beautiful pear was added to the Russian State Register only in 1986. It should not be confused with the Rossoshan Dessertnaya pear.
Description of the plant and its characteristics
The variety was obtained in 1952 at the Rossoshan experimental station near Voronezh. The parent varieties of the new variety were Bere winter Michurina and Forest Beauty. After another 16 years, all state tests were successfully completed and the variety was transferred for use in the national economy. The main growing areas for Rossoshan steel are the North Caucasus, Central regions and Southern Black Earth Region.
The Rossoshanskaya dessert pear variety is interesting not only for the attractive appearance of the fruit, but also for its wonderful taste, which will satisfy the demands of even the most demanding gourmets
Botanical description of Rossoshanskaya:
- tree - medium and vigorous, up to a maximum of 15 m;
- crown - pyramidal, not thickened, wide;
- bark - dark brown with a grayish tint;
- branches - strong, straight, light brown;
- leaves - green, medium, oval, smooth;
- flowers - self-sterile, white, double, pink edging;
- fruits are yellow-green with rusty dots, often with a pink blush, apple-shaped, weight 140–170 g (up to 200 g);
- pulp - homogeneous, juicy, sweet, aromatic;
- peel - thin, dense;
- Fruiting - 5-6 years from planting;
- yield - up to 70 kg per tree, 120–300 centners per 1 ha;
- frost resistance - good;
- the purpose of the variety is universal;
- Ripening time is early September.
Rossoshanskaya is especially widespread in industrial gardening . This was facilitated by its resistance to cold, stable excellent yield and resistance to typical pear diseases - scab and septoria.
Important! The leaves on the shoots of the pear grow strictly at an angle of 135
°
, which allows them to receive the maximum amount of sunlight and heat.
Pros and cons of the variety
- Rossoshanskaya pear is characterized by the following advantages:
- early onset of fruiting;
- high yields of dessert pears;
- excellent taste;
- excellent presentation of the fruit;
- frost resistance and unpretentiousness to soil and care;
- good transportability and long-term storage;
- resistance to pests and diseases of fruit trees;
- high sugar content.
The only disadvantages of the variety include the need for pollinators and regular pruning to thin out the crown. In addition, in the northern regions there is a decrease in the level of frost resistance.
Video: Rossoshanskaya pear variety
Productivity
The tree brings its first harvest already in the 5-6th year after planting in a permanent place. The variety is characterized by stable high yields, in which up to 70 kg of fruit can be harvested from one mature pear per season. And 1 hectare of Rossoshanskaya pear orchard will yield 120–300 centners of fragrant fruits per year.
The fruits have a universal scope of application: compote, preserves, jelly, jam, baked goods. Also has high commercial characteristics
Pollinators
The variety is partially self-fertile , so to get a good harvest you need pollinating trees nearby that bloom at the same time as Rossoshanskaya. Suitable neighbors will be pears Rogneda, Severyanka, Osennyaya Yakovleva, Mramornaya, Chizhovskaya, Tatyana, Otradnenskaya and others.
Characteristics of the variety
Based on the timing of fruit ripening, this pear variety is classified as late summer.
Trees can reach up to 6 m in height, and the shape of the crown of young trees is narrow pyramidal, but with age it becomes wide pyramidal. The formation of new shoots in these fruit trees is below average, they have medium foliage.
The bark of the central trunks is painted silver. Skeletal and lateral shoots grow perpendicular to the soil and directed upward; they are colored brown with a burgundy tint.
Description of the variety Rossoshanskaya beautiful
Consider separately the appearance of the tree and the fruit.
Tree
The trees grow vigorously, reaching a height of more than 6 meters. At an early stage of growth they have a narrow pyramidal shape, in the period of maturity - a wide pyramidal shape. The productivity of the shoots is insufficient, therefore the foliage density of the tree is insignificant.
The bark of the trunk is silvery in color. Skeletal stems are perpendicular to the ground, directed towards the apex. They have a burgundy-brown tint. The variety has mixed yields - on spears, small twigs, stem ringlets and on the ends of last year's old growths.
The shoots are smooth, elongated, and have a burgundy-brown tint. The buds are pointed and slightly elongated. Scales are brown in color. The leaves are emerald, shining, small, directed towards the top of the tree.
Fetus
Pears are medium in size, weighing between 115 and 120 grams. The largest ones do not exceed 200 grams. They are endowed with a regular classic shape with smooth edges.
The surface of the fruit is smooth with thin skin. The main shade of pears is snow-white amber, with subcutaneous emerald freckles. The cover shade is burgundy, weakly expressed , occupying 1/2 of the fruit.
The peduncle is elongated. At the base there is a small fruity fleshy influx. The saucer is miniature, boron. The cup is open type.
The seeds are small, long, brown in color. The pulp of pears is tender, amber in color with abundant juice. It has a sweet taste with a slight sourness. Consumers rated the taste 4.0 out of 5.0.
The inflorescence of this variety is an umbrella-shaped raceme with countless flowers. Inflorescences consist of 8 or 9 flowers. The flowers are snow-white, medium in size, not exceeding 3 centimeters.
They have a cup-shaped shape and a terry surface. The buds are snow-white and pink. The anthers and stigmas of the pistils are at the same level. Petals with smooth edges, compressed, folded.
Reference. Pear trees of this variety are partially self-fertile. But to increase the yield, several flowering pollinators can be used simultaneously.
Advantages and disadvantages
Experts include the main advantages of the Rossoshanskaya Beautiful pear:
- good appearance of the collected fruit;
- good taste and pleasant aroma;
The pear has a good appearance, taste and pleasant aroma
- precociousness;
- high yields that do not depend on stressful weather conditions;
- high resistance to major diseases characteristic of these fruit trees;
- excellent cold resistance.
Among the disadvantages of this pear, it is necessary to note the need for the presence of pollinators nearby and poor tolerance of spring return frosts.
Popular varieties of the line
There are only four main modifications of the Rossoshanskaya cultivar. They differ in terms of harvest (ripening), external parameters of the tree and fruit. All taste good, there is a slight difference in the presence of acid. Some varieties are a little sweeter, others a little more sour.
Dessert
Hybrid pear variety Rossoshanskaya, included in the State Register since 1965.
It shows the best results when grown in the Central Black Earth, North Caucasus or Central regions. The cultivar belongs to the medium-sized category; during development it forms a round or slightly pyramidal crown. The degree of thickening is defined as medium. The trunk is covered with gray bark; on the shoots the color turns brown.
Rossoshanskaya pear produces flattened fruits, weighing 180-190 g each. The pulp is very juicy, slightly dense, beige in color. Sweet and sour pears were given a tasting rating of 4.5 points by specialists. The fruits of the Rossoshanskaya cultivar are covered with light yellow skin, on the surface of which there is a crimson blush.
Dessert pear Rossoshanskaya has good transportability and shelf life. Does not lose taste and commercial qualities for 100-145 days. Among the important characteristics, gardeners note the high winter hardiness of the varietal hybrid. At temperatures within -38 °C, freezing is recorded at 1.7 points. The tree is also drought tolerant.
Landing rules
Planting the Rossoshanskaya Krasivaya pear is standard, but there are some nuances that gardeners should be aware of before purchasing seedlings of this pear variety for planting and subsequent cultivation.
Each stage of planting - from selecting a seedling and preparing the soil to following the rules for planting planting material - requires careful compliance with all preparatory measures.
Recommended timing
If this pear is planned to be grown in the southern Russian regions, then the purchased seedlings are best planted in the autumn after the leaves have fallen from the trees.
This planting material needs 20-24 days to completely acclimatize in a new place. Therefore, in these regions, the ideal planting time is October 10-15.
In the southern regions, the ideal planting time is October 10-15
And in areas with a temperate climate, this type of pear is not planted in the fall, since the planting material does not have time to get stronger before the onset of frost, so the trees freeze out in winter. Experts recommend planting Rossoshanskaya Krasivaya pear seedlings only in early spring, until the buds begin to bloom on the trees - from April 10 to 15.
Planting and care
Due to the fact that the weather is unpredictable and it is very difficult to predict frosts, in order to avoid freezing of the ovaries and flowers, the method of delaying flowering is used.
In autumn, the surface of the ground near the trunk is mulched 10-15 centimeters with manure mixed in equal proportions with peat.
In January, the soil under this layer of mulch begins to freeze. To prevent the ground from freezing further, it is necessary to maintain a snow cover on the ground around the tree.
35 centimeters of snow are compacted well and dried sawdust is laid on top 8-16 centimeters. The next layer after sawdust will again be snow. It is also compacted, after which the sawdust hardens.
After the onset of spring, the top layer of snow on the sawdust begins to melt. And the bottom layer of snow cover with sawdust and mulch remains unchanged.
The mulch and some of the soil should remain stable and frozen.
Despite the thaw, the pear tree will not respond to the awakening of flower buds. Flowering is delayed until stable warm weather.
Depending on the onset of stable spring weather, approximately May 7-13, sawdust is removed from the ground around the tree. The bottom layer of snow begins to melt quickly.
Two days after the snow has completely disappeared, the tree begins to gradually come to life. With this procedure, the development of the tree is delayed by 10-14 days.
This is the only sure way to save flowers and ovaries from unwanted spring frosts while maintaining a full, stable harvest.
The variety is planted using cuttings or budding in a nursery. The Rossoshanskaya Krasivaya pear variety loves well-fertilized black soil. Prefers well-drained soil.
The variety is responsive to fertilizers. Does not like hot sun rays. The drought resistance of this variety is average. If the soil is not sufficiently moistened, the fruits become smaller.
Does not like heavy watering. Therefore, such a tree is not watered often, only when the soil dries out. When watering, it is necessary to use water at room temperature to avoid cooling the root system.
At an early stage of growth, pruning is not required, since the tree has a narrow pyramidal shape. During maturity, standard pruning of the wide-pyramidal crown is necessary.
Aftercare
In the future, it is important to follow all the rules for caring for this tree - timely watering, fertilizing, whitening the trunk and skeletal branches, forming the crown and carrying out sanitary pruning. You also need to prepare this pear for winter in the fall.
Irrigation mode
During the first year after planting, it is recommended to water young trees at least once every 6-8 days. Older pears are watered much less frequently - before flowering and at the time of active formation of ovaries. Place 3-4 large buckets of water under each tree.
If the summer is hot and dry, you will need to water the pears once or twice more. It is also important to carry out moisture-recharging irrigation in the process of preparing trees for the winter period.
After watering and rain, the tree trunk circle should be loosened and mulched with a layer of compost.
Fertilizer application
If all the necessary fertilizers were added to the soil before planting the seedlings, then you will not have to feed them in the next two seasons.
Then pear trees will need to be fertilized up to 4 times during the summer season. Before flowering in the spring, this pear variety should be fed with fertilizers containing large amounts of nitrogen. For this, it is best to use urea or infused cow dung.
Before flowering, this pear variety should be fed with urea.
After the end of flowering, nitroammophoska, diluted strictly according to the instructions, is added to the trunk circles of the Rossoshanskaya Krasivaya pear.
During the ripening of pears, the tree requires fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium. The solution for watering the root zone is prepared as follows: dissolve 1.5 tbsp in a bucket. l. superphosphate and potassium salt. The same fertilizing is carried out in September, before the leaves begin to fall, so that the tree recovers after abundant fruiting and prepares for the winter period.
Instead of mineral fertilizers, many gardeners use bone meal or wood ash.
Whitewash
Whitewashing of the lower part of the trunk and the base of skeletal branches is carried out in early November and March. Whitewashing carried out in the fall will protect the tree bark from sunburn during the winter thaw, and in the spring it will destroy the awakened larvae of insect pests that have overwintered in the tree bark.
But for young trees, the whitewash solution should be less concentrated than for adult pears.
Crown formation and pruning
It is necessary to carry out sanitary and formative pruning of pears in the spring before the buds begin to bloom.
These procedures are necessary in order to properly form the tree crown, as well as get rid of diseased, weak, damaged or dried out shoots. But a similar procedure can be carried out in the autumn.
The first time you need to prune the pear immediately after planting. In this case, the central trunk is cut to about a quarter of the height, all skeletal branches are left, and the remaining shoots should also be cut off completely.
The correct scheme for the formation of the crown of a pear
After pruning, it is necessary to disinfect the cut areas with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or alcohol, and then cover them with garden varnish or oil paint.
Preparing for winter
Although the Rossoshanskaya Krasivaya pear is highly resistant to frost, before the start of winter it is necessary to carry out a number of procedures that will help these trees grow stronger after fruiting and withstand the cold well.
At the end of the first decade, moisture-recharging irrigation is carried out, during which up to 40-50 liters of water are added to each tree. This procedure will allow the roots to be saturated with moisture after abundant fruiting and better withstand the cold.
Then phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied to each tree, which will allow the pears to regain strength after the harvest is harvested. This fertilizing is carried out before the beginning of leaf fall, so that the fertilizers coming from the roots have time, thanks to the process of photosynthesis, to decompose in the foliage and, together with the cell sap, disperse to all parts of the tree.
After applying fertilizers, the tree trunk circle is dug up with the preliminary removal of all remnants of vegetation and fallen leaves. Then the soil must be mulched with a thick layer of soil or humus, the thickness of which should be at least 12-14 cm. A layer of mulch will protect the root system of pear trees from freezing in severe frosts, and will also serve as an additional fertilizer in the spring.
Step-by-step preparation of the Rossashanskaya Beautiful pear for winter
The lower part of the trunk is usually wrapped with a metal mesh with small cells to protect it from rodent attacks.
Young trees need additional protection from frost. To do this, a special frame is installed around the tree, onto which a non-woven fabric is stretched, and spruce branches are also installed.
Pests and diseases
This fruit tree may suffer from scab. For preventive purposes, in the fall it is necessary to remove all fallen leaves from the tree trunks and carry out sanitary pruning.
If symptoms of this disease appear on the pear, then it should be treated with solutions of the following drugs:
- Horus;
- Strobe;
- Soon.
If symptoms of the disease appear on the pear, then it should be treated with chorus or soon.
The interval between such sprayings should be at least 12-14 days.
To prevent the appearance of harmful insects, it is necessary to dig up the trunk circle in the fall, carry out regular weeding, and also whitewash the trunk and skeletal branches in the fall and spring.
If pests do appear, then to destroy them it is necessary to spray the trees with appropriate insecticides such as Decis or Iskra.
Possible problems during cultivation
Usually, if gardeners follow all the rules when planting and further caring for the Rossoshanskaya Krasivaya pear, then there are no problems when growing this fruit tree.
But novice summer residents should remember some nuances, due to which a pear of this variety may grow, develop and bear fruit worse:
- wrong planting location - on too alkaline soil or in the shade, where the tree will not develop well;
- young trees are not covered for the winter, they are not protected from rodents, as a result they can freeze or be damaged;
- with insufficient watering during the summer season, the fruits will become smaller, which will lead to a decrease in yield and a deterioration in the taste of the fruit.
It is also important to carry out preventive tree treatments in spring and autumn to eliminate the risk of scab or pests.
In spring and autumn, it is important to carry out preventive treatment of trees against diseases
Early
To breed the Early pear, breeders used seedlings of the Mramornaya variety, with excellent taste, but poor frost resistance, and Rossoshanskaya Krasivaya, with high yield and winter hardiness. Variety testing has been carried out since 1995.
The tree has quite a strong growth force, while the crown of the variety is not thickened. The mature height is about 7 m, the crown width is up to 5 m. The shoots are weakly branched. The bark on the trunk is dark gray. The foliage is green, harmonious ovoid in shape. The inflorescences are umbellate, the flowers are white. Begins to bear fruit at the age of 8. The fruit harvesting period is August and is considered a summer variety.
The fruits are medium-sized, elongated, the weight of one pear ranges from 250 g to 350 g. The skin of the fruit is smooth, golden-yellow in color with a beautiful red-orange blush. The surface of the skin is covered with dots. The tasting score of Rossoshanskaya summer pear is 4.7 points. The pulp is tender, slightly oily, juicy. The taste of pear is sweet and sour, the aroma is pleasant, but not too pronounced. Fruiting is regular, pears do not fall off the branches.
Low temperatures do not pose a danger to the early Rossoshanskaya pear. The plant overwinters without much damage down to -30 °C. Sudden autumn cold snaps or spring frosts are undesirable for the variety. Shows good resistance to scab.
Harvest and storage
Ripe pears of this variety are harvested in mid-late August, transported and stored in wooden boxes. To keep fruits from spoiling less during storage, it is recommended to sprinkle them with wood shavings and place them in a cool room.
Over the decades of growing this pear variety in Russia, many gardeners have appreciated its positive characteristics. And first of all, summer residents talk about the good yield of the Rossoshanskaya Krasivaya pear, the good appearance and pleasant taste of the fruit, high resistance to frost, as well as the versatility of the harvest.
Characteristics
The Rossoshanskaya Krasivaya variety is endowed with high productivity . From 70 to 80 kilograms of fruit are collected from one tree . Up to 250 centners of pears are harvested from one hectare.
Over fourteen years of observation, gardeners recorded an amazing yield of 1000 centners per hectare. Harvesting occurs in the second ten days of August.
Until full ripening, the pears are held firmly on the stems, without falling off. In a cool room, the fruits are stored for 30 days. Fruiting occurs 6 or 7 years after planting cuttings or from budding in a nursery.
In the south of the Black Earth Central region, the winter hardiness of this pear tree is very high. During severe winters of minus 34 degrees Celsius in 1976 and 1980. weak freezing of the root system with a force of 1.3 points was observed.
In the Oryol region and in the north of Voronezh, severe freezing of the pear tree was not observed. During spring frosts (minus 6 degrees Celsius) at the end of the tree's flowering in 1999 and 2000. The flowers were 100% damaged. There was no harvest during this period.
Therefore, during low spring temperatures, the tree needs careful care.
Damage does not depend on the temperature of the frost, but on its duration.
To ensure that the flowers and ovaries of a pear tree of this variety are not damaged during spring frosts , it is necessary to use a highly effective method of delaying flowering.
Frost-resistant varieties also include: Bere Russkaya, Chudesnitsa, Extravaganza, Quiet Don and Skazochnaya.
