Self-fertile cherry - what is it?
Self-fertile varieties bloom and produce crops regardless of the presence of pollinators - other plants and insects. They do not need wasps and bees, or the proximity of other cherry varieties.
Gardeners value self-fertile cherries because they independently form 50% of the fruits of the total number of flowers, while partially self-fertile and self-sterile cherries produce an average of 10%. Self-fertile varieties do not lose their ability to germinate in cool weather and guarantee stable yields.
Youth
Self-fertile cherries, obtained by crossing the Lyubskaya and Vladimirskaya varieties, are zoned for the central zone of the Russian Federation and the Ural region.
The hybrid is highly drought-resistant and has good immunity to diseases and pests. The flowering tree tolerates spring frosts well.
An adult plant, reaching a height of 2 m, blooms in mid-May. Fruiting occurs at the end of July. Long, sloping branches do not break under the weight of the fruit and make harvesting easier.
8-15 kg of cherries are collected from one tree. The average size of the berry is about 1 cm, weight - 5 g. The fruits have a pleasant sweet and sour taste, have a high tasting rating, are well stored, suitable for transportation and universal use.
Self-fertile cherry varieties for central Russia
The best self-fertile varieties for the middle zone are those that are not afraid of frost and cold , are resistant to diseases, and are distinguished by large berries and juicy sweet pulp.
Large-fruited
Large cherries are used for winter harvesting and processing, and are also eaten fresh . The size and shape of the berries depend on the growing region: the further south the cherry grows, the larger the fruits grow. If the cherry has a thick skin, the berries are transported and used for long-term storage or sale.
Lyubskaya
The late-ripening cherry variety is grown in the Bryansk, Samara, and Lipetsk regions. Lyubskaya is characterized by winter hardiness and early fruiting. The trees are bushy with a weak spreading crown. The crop enters the fruiting period in its second year from the moment of planting. The weight of one fruit is about 5 g, the shape is round-heart-shaped. The color is dark red or burgundy, there are many subcutaneous dark spots.
The flesh is rich red, juicy . The taste is sweet and sour, the flesh is dense with a small stone that is easily separated. The stalk is long and thin. It is recommended to use Lyubskaya for processing. Productivity is from 10 to 25 kg per plant per season.
Cherry "Lyubskaya"
Rossoshanskaya black
The trees reach a height of 4 m, the crown is dense and spreading. Due to the large size of Rossoshanskaya black, a lot of free space is required . The weight of the fruit is from 4 to 5 g, the shape is round, the color is from dark burgundy to black. The pulp is dark red, juicy and tender, the taste is sweet and sour. Gardeners rate the taste 4.5 out of 5.
The variety is planted in the Central Black Earth region. The advantages include stable yield and resistance to coccomycosis.
Cherry "Rossoshanskaya black"
Fad
Mid-season dessert variety . The tree is medium-sized, the crown is dense, round-oval. The leaves are dark green, wrinkled. The berries are flat-round, the weight of one is about 5.1 g. The peel is dense, the color is rich burgundy, the surface is glossy. The pulp is juicy, the juice is dark red, the taste is sweet and sour. Tasting score - 4.7 points out of 5. Productivity - about 6 kg per tree per season.
Cherry "Fan"
The variety is fast-growing, unpretentious and resistant to sudden weather changes . It is universal in application and is famous for its attractive product qualities.
Attention! Without proper and balanced nutrition, self-fertile cherries slow down in growth, the fruits do not gain weight and taste. For fertilizers, gardeners use green manure, humus, compost, manure, and chicken droppings. The plant is fed 2-3 times during the summer, and sprayed in spring and autumn to protect against diseases. To do this, use a solution of copper sulfate or the drug “HOM”.
Winter-hardy
In the middle zone there are frequent frosts, which can cause the death of cherries . This is especially true for young trees 1-2 years old. It is recommended to choose varieties that can withstand temperatures down to -35°C.
Amorelle pink
Early ripening winter-hardy variety . The tree is medium-sized with a semi-spreading crown, up to 3 m high. The weight of the fruit is up to 4 g, the shape is round, the skin is thin, dark cherry. The pulp is tender, with a small bone, the taste is sweet and sour. The thin stalk is firmly attached to the berries. Amorel pink bears fruit consistently, the yield is up to 10 kg per tree. The berries are distinguished by their shelf life, are rarely damaged by pests, and are universal in use. They are popular among gardeners from Siberia and the Urals.
Cherry "Amorel pink"
Worker of Tataria
The mid-early ripening variety is characterized by winter hardiness and increased resistance to coccomycosis. The bush is medium-sized, height is about 2.5 m. The fruits are flat-round, the weight of one is 3-4 g. The peel is glossy, the color is dark burgundy. The pulp is medium dense, juicy, the taste is sweet and sour. The stone is round and easily separated from the pulp.
Cherry Toiler of Tatarstan is recommended for planting in the Middle Volga region and other areas of central Russia.
Griot Rossoshansky
Mid-early and highly self-fertile variety. The tree is tall, the crown is spreading. Griot Rossoshansky enters the fruiting period 3-4 years after planting. The berries are rounded and flattened, the weight of one is about 4 g. The skin is dark burgundy, almost black. The pulp is sweet and sour, tender and pleasant to the taste, of medium density. The stone is round with a flat base. Productivity is from 10 to 16 kg per plant per season.
Due to wet tearing, the main purpose of the crop is processing. Among the disadvantages of the variety, poor transportability and keeping quality of the fruits are noted.
Cherry “Griot Rossoshansky”
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Low-growing, or bush cherries, not only give gardeners a tasty harvest, but also decorate the site . Such trees require less space for planting; it is easier to form a crown and trim shoots.
Lighthouse
The height of the semi-spreading plant is no more than 2 m. The foliage is small, the crown is sparse. The cherry is early-fruiting and begins to bear fruit in the third year after planting. Blooms from late May to early July. The fruits are round, weighing 4-6 g. The peel is thin, glossy, dark red in color. The pulp is juicy, the taste is pleasant, sweet with sourness.
The advantages of the variety include drought resistance, winter hardiness, and versatility in use . It is not recommended to keep cherries on the bushes for too long, as the fruits are prone to cracking. The yield, depending on the growing region, varies from 15 to 25 kg per plant per season.
Annushka
An early ripening variety produces a harvest by the end of June or beginning of July. The bushes are small, the shoots are medium-sized. The berries are large and round, the weight of one reaches 5 g. The pulp has a sweet and sour taste, the color is bright red. The detachment from the stalk is dry, so the harvest is transportable. The skin of the fruit is strong.
Annushka rarely gets sick, but with a lack of feeding she is affected by rust and cercospora. The best yield is shown if garden cherries are planted nearby. It takes root well in the Moscow region.
Cherry "Annushka"
Youth
Cherry is low-growing, winter-hardy . Early ripening, universal use. The tree is small, bush-like. The crown is medium dense, drooping. The fruits are wide-rounded, weighing from 4 to 5 g. The skin is burgundy and smooth, the stalk is dry. The pulp is dense and juicy, rich red in color. Molodezhnaya has a pleasant taste, with a refreshing sourness.
The variety is resistant to frost, the berries hang on the trees for a long time, do not fall off or crack.
Cherry “Youth”
Attention! Bush cherry varieties bear fruit on last year's growth. In order for compact plants to produce a consistent harvest, it is important to prune them correctly. Gardeners remove shoots that grow inside the crown. It is also recommended to remove branches that are too long, even if they already have berries. Proper and regular pruning is the key to a good harvest.
Care of the area after the procedure
A caring garden owner does not finish the job by picking cherries. It is important to put the tree and the entire garden in order in order to receive new high-quality harvests in the future.
After picking the berries, plants are sprayed with fungicides or Bordeaux mixture to prevent fungi and protect against pest attacks. Water every month throughout the season. Excess moisture during rainy summers can cause rotting of the root system. In autumn, one watering in 6 buckets per plant is sufficient.
Pruning old cherry trees will help rejuvenate them. The crown needs to be thinned out, dry and diseased branches, because you can no longer expect fruit from them, must be cut off so as not to take away nutrients from the plant.
Fertilizing is carried out immediately after harvest or in late autumn to saturate the tree and produce healthy cherries again next year. Take a bucket of organic matter - rotted manure or compost - and apply it per square meter. near the trunk. Additionally, cherries can be fed with potassium and phosphorus. Nitrogen is applied in early spring to the root area of the tree.
Read more: Mukuzani grape variety description
The varieties that are best suited for the Moscow region should have good resistance to frost and be unpretentious to the composition of the soil, a description of which can be found below.
Early varieties
From the category of early varieties of the Moscow region, the Molodezhnaya and Miracle cherry varieties are best suited.
Among the mid-season varieties, Turgenevka, Excellent Venyaminova and Griot Moskovsky can be distinguished.
Cherries are considered one of the most winter-hardy stone fruit trees, so it is not surprising that they are so widespread in gardens and gardens. Today there are about 150 varieties of cherry trees, of which only 20 are found in Russia and the CIS countries.
Cherries prefer to grow in fertile, water- and breathable soil. It cannot be planted in lowlands and in places where groundwater flows (no closer than 1.5-2 m), this can cause freezing of the roots and fruit buds, and rotting of the root system due to stagnation of water.
After planting, the ground around the seedling is regularly loosened, facilitating air access to the roots, and cleared of weeds (the tree trunk circle can be mulched). Growing root growth is cut off close to the ground, preventing it from spreading. Young seedlings must be watered regularly in the first years after planting. Normally, about 12 waterings are carried out per season, and if the summer is dry, this number can be increased.
Over time, if the tree’s yield and the growth of young shoots decreases, rejuvenating pruning is carried out. This is done in early spring, while the cherry is in the winter dormancy stage. The cut areas are treated with garden varnish.
The best varieties of self-fertile cherries for the Samara region
The Samara region is characterized by cold and long winters and hot and dry summers . Gardeners choose frost-resistant and drought-resistant self-fertile varieties for planting in the region. Proper care of them and compliance with the rules of agricultural technology ensure stable yields.
The sweetest
One of the sweet varieties for the Samara region is Volochaevka . The tree is medium-sized, the crown is spherical, the density is average. The fruits are small, weight - from 2 to 3 g, classic cherry color. The flesh is red, the taste is sweet and juicy, with a pleasant sourness.
Volochaevka bears fruit 3-4 years after planting. The harvest is harvested from July 20 to July 30. For planting Volochaevka, choose spacious and sunny areas. The variety is unpretentious in care; The main thing is to follow the watering and fertilizing regime.
Cherry "Volochaevka"
Another popular variety is Tamaris . Medium-late and frost-resistant, resistant to coccomycosis, universal in use. The tree is bushy, low growing. The weight of the rounded fruit is from 3 to 5 g. The skin is burgundy, the stalk is long, the tear is semi-dry. The pulp is tender and juicy, the taste is dessert. The stone is easily separated from the pulp. Tamaris bears fruit 2-3 years after planting. Harvest at the end of July or beginning of August.
Most productive
Cherry productivity is affected by soil and weather conditions, planting location and compliance with care rules . The Shokoladnitsa cherry has good productivity. It bears fruit in the fourth year after planting. The tree is medium-sized, the crown is raised, the density is average. The fruits are flat-round, black-burgundy in color, glossy. The pulp is red, the taste is cherry-cherry, sweet with a slight sourness.
The chocolate plant is resistant to rust and powdery mildew, and rarely suffers from coccomycosis. The harvest is harvested in the second half of July.
Cherry “Chocolate Girl”
Also, for planting in central Russia, the self-fertile Garland cherry is chosen. The plant is tall - up to 4 m. The crown is round-oval, average density. The berries are juicy and sweet and sour, spherical, the weight of one is from 4 to 6 g. The variety is distinguished by its transportability and long shelf life, the fruits ripen together.
Depending on the conditions, gardeners annually collect from 9 to 20 kg of beautiful berries from one bush. Some are eaten fresh, some are sent for processing or frozen.
Varieties
Self-fertile varieties of cherries are divided into several categories - winter-hardy, large-fruited, and low-growing.
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Low-growing varieties of cherries are also called bush cherries. They take root normally in any climatic conditions and do not require special care. Popular types:
- Shokoladnitsa - bushes up to 2 meters in height with a crown of medium density. The fruits are large, round, almost black and very sweet. The variety is highly resistant to fungi, droughts, and garden parasites.
- Ob - bushes up to 1.5 meters in height with a dense crown. The fruits are dark red, heart-shaped and have a sweet and sour taste. They are practically not used fresh, as they are highly sour. Ideal for winter preparations. The Ob is loved by garden parasites.
- Brunette - bushes 2.5 m in height with a wide spreading crown. The berries are sour, bright red. The variety tolerates even very severe frosts, but is afraid of fungal diseases and parasites.
- Anthracite - bushes no more than 2 meters high with a dense large crown. The fruits are large, brown in color. The variety is resistant to both garden parasites and frost.
- Mtsenskaya - the height of the bush usually does not exceed 2 meters, the berries grow large, sweet and sour, the crown is oval and smooth. Cherry is not afraid of frost and drought.
Read this article about what kind of neighbors pollinated cherries need.
Large-fruited
Large-fruited cherries visually resemble cherries. It is capricious to grow and requires delicate care. But the varieties take root in almost any climatic conditions and produce good yields.
- Black - low trees with a spreading crown. The berries grow large and black. One tree does not produce very rich harvests, although it bears fruit on its own.
- Meeting - low trees with a not very dense crown and large fruits. The weight of one berry can be 15-20 grams. The berries begin to ripen at the end of June. Young adult trees produce up to 20 kg of fruit at a time.
- Volochaevka is an unpretentious cherry variety, but it does not tolerate frost well, as well as various diseases. Heavy rains often cause root rot and tree death.
