Cauliflower and white cabbage seedlings: diseases and their treatment. Why do cabbage seedlings die, how to treat cabbage seedlings from pests and diseases?

Who eats cabbage

Experienced vegetable growers are able to determine by appearance what pests have infested cabbage beds and choose methods to combat them. This common vegetable has a lot of varieties and varieties, with their own characteristics and characteristics.

Pests of white cabbage

During the growing season, areas with white cabbage have to be processed several times. There are several main pests, they appear at different times and cause damage in varying degrees and forms.

• Aphid. It feeds on cabbage juice, sucking it from the leaves. In large quantities it can destroy a head of cabbage in a short period of time. The presence of aphids can be determined visually. Leaves lose color, acquire pinkish tints, and curl. Colonies are located at the bottom of the foliage, almost merging with the color of the plants. In the initial stage of the lesion, it is possible to use traditional methods; in advanced cases, chemicals are used. For prevention, plantings are placed next to carrots, dill, and marigolds.
• Thrips. The tiny size of sucking pests cannot be seen with the naked eye. Their presence is determined by the local discolored area where the insects are located and feed. These places become discolored, turn brown and die.
• Cruciferous bugs. These large insects are easy to spot on foliage by their characteristic green color and red spots on the elytra. They can be assembled manually. They move from nearby weeds, so it is necessary to regularly weed the areas adjacent to the plantings.
• Slugs. Appears in high humidity and rainy weather. They do not tolerate high temperatures. During the daytime they hide among the leaves, feeding only at night. They carry pathogens: downy and powdery mildew, gray rot. To combat them, improvised traps made of wet rags are laid out, and jars of sour jam are placed around the perimeter. As a preventative measure, the soil is limed. But this method is not suitable for soil with high acidity.
• Butterfly caterpillars. Caterpillars of the cabbage white moth, cutworm and cabbage moth cause harm. They chew holes, leaving traces of feces on the foliage. It is difficult to collect them manually; special tools and industrial chemicals are usually used.

Aphid

Advice! Experienced vegetable growers recommend dusting areas with cabbage with tobacco dust.

At any stage of growth, cabbage can be damaged or completely destroyed by insects living in the soil.

Pests of cabbage roots

By damaging the root system, pests can cause damage to the future harvest: plants stop growing or die altogether. Cabbage has several dangerous pests that feed on the roots.

1. Medvedka. One of the worst pests for all vegetable crops, including cabbage. Large insects with powerful jaws, feeding on roots, are capable of destroying young plantings in a short period of time. To combat them, pesticides are placed in the holes during planting. Repeat the procedure several times a season. For the mole cricket (in common parlance – “kapustyanka”) they lay out traps: bottles of beer, burying them in the ground in a reclining position. In the fall, fresh manure is applied. Pests climb there for the winter. With the onset of heat, they are taken out of the site with a shovel and destroyed.
2. May beetle larvae. Feeding exclusively on roots, the large white larvae are very gluttonous. Once in the garden, they destroy the standing crop.

Medvedka

Advice! Before planting, the root system of plants is treated with Aktara, Medvetox and similar chemical compounds.

Pests can be detected by deep digging of the soil. It is carried out twice; in spring and autumn, manually selecting insects and their larvae. It is not recommended to organize compost pits and manure heaps in the immediate vicinity of the garden.

Pests of cabbage seedlings

By damaging cabbage at the seedling stage, pests significantly slow down its growth. The heads of cabbage do not set or stop growing completely. In some cases, young plants die. Plants are damaged by both sucking and gnawing insects and their larvae and butterflies.

1. Flea. Small insects, from 1 to 3 mm in length. The particularly active phase is the end of spring and the beginning of summer. They gnaw holes in young seedlings, which leads to drying out and death. Cabbage is treated with Actellik.
2. Bedbugs. Damage is caused by both insects and their larvae. Adults pierce the leaves and suck out the juice. Damage can be noticed by yellowed areas, which subsequently dry out and die. Saliva is poisonous, young seedlings may die, especially in hot, dry weather. Treat the beds with insecticides. For prevention, the area adjacent to them is regularly weeded, and plant debris is removed beyond the perimeter of the site.
3. Cabbage leaf beetle. Adult large green beetles gnaw off the edges of the leaves. The larvae they lay continue to destroy the plantings, feeding on the pulp of the leaves. They reproduce very quickly, several times per season. To combat the leaf beetle, cabbage is sprayed with chemicals.
4. Caterpillars. The most voracious of existing pests. Gnawed areas on vegetables are dangerous to human health. They are destroyed using traditional methods and the use of insecticides.

Cabbage leaf beetle

Advice! It is recommended to plant annual flowers along the perimeter of cabbage plantings: arriving large insects and birds destroy the caterpillars. Nettle growing in close proximity helps.

The root system of seedlings is protected before planting by dipping with chemical compounds and placing pesticides in rows and holes. Treatment of plants with already visible signs of damage must be carried out as soon as possible.

Pests of Chinese cabbage

The soft and tender leaves of Chinese cabbage are easily attacked by insects, spoiling the appearance and destroying the plants at the seedling stage. Main pests: fleas and slugs.

To prevent damage, it is recommended to plant at certain times: in early spring or late summer, vegetables grow very quickly. Experienced vegetable growers plant it mixed with tomatoes, onions, and potatoes. Spray with preparations “Aktara”, “Intra-Vira”, “Aktellik”.

Pests of Chinese cabbage

They are able to destroy heads of cabbage in a short period of time. The leaves dry out and die. Plants do not develop fully or die.

Slugs are fought with traditional methods: planks and burdock leaves are laid out in rows. The insects are then collected by hand. Sprinkle the areas with a mixture of salt, dry mustard, wood ash and hot ground pepper.

Pests of broccoli

To control pests on broccoli, folk remedies and aggressive treatments with industrial insecticides are used. There are many pests that prefer this cabbage variety.

1. Spring cabbage fly. Small insects lay larvae that feed on roots, stems and heads of cabbage.
2. Summer cabbage fly. Large adults begin to fly starting in mid-summer. The larvae feed on all parts of vegetable crops.
3. Cabbage (turnip) white. Butterflies lay eggs on the inside of leaves. They feed preferably on leaves.

Summer cabbage fly

The drugs “Fitoven”, “Bitoxibacillin”, “Lepidotsid” and other similar insecticides are popular and effective.

Brussels sprouts

Affected by most common pests of this type of vegetables. Due to the small size of the heads of cabbage, plants die especially quickly when attacked by aphids. Sparrows and pigeons cause damage. To prevent damage, a protective net stretched over stakes is used.

Cabbage whites

A diurnal butterfly with white wings and black spots on them. Cabbage larvae are greenish-yellow in color with short hairs and black dots on the sides. It is the caterpillars that cause significant damage to the crop. In addition, they can harm people. The secretion from the poisonous glands causes skin irritation.

Effective measures to protect against cabbage worms are:

• weed control;
• inspection of cabbage leaves and removal of oviposition;
• manual collection of hatched caterpillars;
• biological products (Lepidocid, Bitoxibacillin);
• chemical insecticides (Calypso, Karate Zeon).

Experienced white grass fighters advise building a simple device on your site. Two sticks are stuck into the ground at both ends of the bed with cruciferous crops. A cord is tied to them. And on it, with a distance of 10-15 cm, ribbons-bows (from a regular white bag) are tied. Under gusts of wind, the bows spin and prevent butterflies from landing on vegetables.

How to treat cabbage against pests

If obvious signs of damage to plantings appear, urgent measures should be taken. Protection of cabbage from pests is carried out using folk remedies and special chemicals:

• "Bankol";
• "Fury";
• "Decis";
• "Aktara";
• "Kemif";
• "Iskra-M".

This method is practiced over large areas and with obvious massive signs of damage. Preparations against cabbage pests are used no later than 2 weeks before using vegetables for food.

Advice! Wood ash is a complex fertilizer and pest repellent. It is sprinkled on the ground around the plants and the leaves are dusted.

It is possible to protect cabbage from pests using biological products:

• "Verticillin";
• "Aktofit";
• "Pecilomycin";
• "Metarizin";
• "Nemabakt";
• "Antonem-F".

Metarizin

All biological products are less toxic than chemical compounds. They are used at an air temperature of at least 18-20 degrees. They are easily washed off with water, so treatments should be carried out regularly. Cabbage should be sprayed against pests after the foliage has dried.

Cabbage scoop

Refers to polyphagous pests. But if there is a choice, he will give preference to cruciferous plants. The armyworm is active in the evening and at night. Moths are colored grayish-brown. The color of the caterpillars varies from gray-green to dark brown (almost black). There are yellow stripes on the sides.

The larvae feed on leaves during the night. At the final stage of their development, cutworm caterpillars are able to eat the entire leaf, leaving only large veins. And then they penetrate deep into the head of cabbage, making winding passages.

Attention! The cutworm is a moisture-loving pest. Most often found in areas with high humidity and moderate temperatures.

You can resist the invasion of the aggressor using the following methods:

• timely removal of weeds;
• loosening the soil to destroy clutches of eggs and larvae;
• early planting of seedlings;
• planting plants that smell unpleasant to insects (marigolds, calendula, garlic, onions) between cabbage heads;
• treatment with herbal infusions (wormwood, tansy, mint);
• dusting with tobacco dust (the material can be a tobacco smoke bomb after it has been used in a greenhouse for its intended purpose);
• covering the cabbage with a net with small holes;
• use of drugs (Sherpa, 5% dust, pyrethrum, Decis, Kinmiks);
• biological products (Lepidocid, Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin);
• bait traps with molasses or jam, which are hung 1 m from the ground.

Folk remedies for pests

To obtain an environmentally friendly harvest, folk methods and means are used.

1. A non-woven covering fabric is used to protect young plantings to prevent flying insects from accessing the cabbage.
2. Water the soil with solutions with strong odors: fir oil, garlic infusion. Strong odors repel insects.
3. An effective remedy is an infusion of chicken manure. For 10 l. Add 100-150 g of litter to water and mix until completely dissolved. They insist for several days. Dilute again with water to avoid burning the leaves.
4. In dry, hot weather, cabbage can be treated as a preventive measure with a solution of liquid soap, ash and water.
5. A composition of onion peel infusion with the addition of tar soap is used.
6. At the stage of growing seedlings, the row spacing is sprinkled with baking soda.
7. They lure wasps, the main enemies of insects, which eat adults and their larvae. To lure, place containers with jam or sweet syrups.

Folk remedies can only be used to combat minor damage to plants or for preventive purposes. In large volumes and outbreaks, saving cabbage from pests is only possible with the use of chemical compounds.

You can repel insects by planting plants with a strong, pungent odor along the edges of the beds: tansy, garlic, onions. Baits are placed for crawling insects, larvae and caterpillars: containers with fermented yeast, beer and kvass are placed between the plantings. Collected by hand.

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Treating cabbage with vinegar

To protect against pests, treat with a solution of table vinegar and water in a ratio of 1 liter of water per 15 g of vinegar. This method must be used extremely carefully so as not to harm the health and plants.

To protect cabbage seedlings, they practice spraying cabbage heads in the evening, in dry, windless weather. This treatment is repeated every 3-4 days. It is especially effective for mature heads of cabbage, when the use of aggressive chemicals is already contraindicated. When using vinegar essence, you should change the proportions: 15 g per 10 liters of water.

Valerian for pests

A common folk remedy is treating cabbage against pests with valerian. To do this, prepare a solution: 3 liters of water and 1 bottle of alcohol tincture of valerian are mixed with 2 tbsp. l liquid soap. Spray the plantings in the evening at intervals of 10-12 days. Valerian bushes growing between cabbage are effective. Its pungent smell repels insects.

Reference! It is generally accepted that it is most effective to use laundry soap. It is grated and dissolved in water.

To quickly get rid of pests and parasites, use a decoction of valerian with tobacco.

• Add 500 g of fresh tobacco leaves and 200 g of valerian root to 5 liters of water and cook over low heat until boiling.
• Leave in a dark place until cool.
• Spray the mixture twice a week.

You can water cabbage with valerian at any time of the day. Repeat the procedure after each watering or rain.

Ash from cabbage pests

One of the effective and popular folk remedies is wood ash. In addition to enriching the soil with nitrogen, it repels insects. You can sprinkle the cabbage with ash immediately after planting the seedlings. The procedure can be repeated periodically, every 2 weeks, throughout the entire growing season.

Treating cabbage with ammonia

For preventive purposes, cabbage is treated with a solution of ammonia. For this purpose, 5 l. water add 1 bottle of ammonia and liquid soap. Spraying is carried out every 2 weeks, in the evening and in dry weather.

Mustard for cabbage from pests

Dry mustard powder is used when damage occurs and for preventive purposes. Mustard is sprinkled on cabbage to prevent snails. The treatment is repeated after watering or rain.

Red pepper against cabbage pests

Using an infusion of ground hot pepper prevents the spread of pests on cabbage. Spray the solution for prevention and at the first sign of damage to vegetables.

Toothpaste against cabbage pests

An original but effective way is to use toothpaste to control pests. For 10 l. add a tube of paste 100 g of water, stir until dissolved. Spray after sunset.

Baking soda for cabbage from pests

Baking soda is sprinkled on the soil in the garden beds. Spray plantings at any stage of maturation at the rate of: 10 liters. water per 100 g of soda. Caterpillars especially do not tolerate it.

Tobacco dust in pest control

Tobacco is used in dry form - sprinkled between rows and the soil around the heads of cabbage. Spray the cabbage with a solution of water and tobacco dust. Effective against caterpillars and slugs.

Cabbage moth

One of the varieties of butterflies that can cause colossal damage to the cabbage crop. Distributed everywhere. Dimensions do not exceed 1.5 cm, brownish-brown color. It has a peculiar pattern on the wings in the form of a light, unevenly thickened stripe. Very prolific and migrates long distances. All over the world it is considered one of the most important pests of cabbage and other cruciferous crops.

Adults are active at dusk and at night. Eggs are laid on the underside of cabbage leaves. The larvae, having hatched from the eggs, make passages inside the leaf tissues, moving along the main veins. Coming to the surface, dark green caterpillars settle on the plant, putting on a cocoon.

During their development, caterpillars undergo 3-4 molts. All this time they actively feed on cruciferous crops. Subsequently, pupae are formed that are able to tolerate low temperatures. At this stage of transformation, the moth overwinters, and in the spring of next year the cycle starts again.

In the fight against cabbage moths, preventive measures are important: eliminating weeds and residues of cruciferous crops.

Methods for killing moths:

1. Installing light traps in garden beds. You will need a regular lamp and a white saucer with oil. The distance between the lampshade and the saucer should be no more than 10-15 cm. The direction of light is vertical. At night, moths flock to the light and fall into the vegetable oil.
2. Folk remedies (ash-soap solution, infusion of wormwood or celandine).
3. Insecticides. They use herbal (tobacco-based), biological (Entobacterin, Lepidocide, Bactospein) and chemical preparations (Ripcord, Ambush, Talkord).

Attention! Cabbage moths develop resistance to insecticides over time.

What to plant next to cabbage to prevent pests

In the immediate vicinity of the cabbage beds, plants are planted that repel insects with their smell:

• mint and lemon balm;
• sage;
• dill;
• celery;
• rosemary;
• fennel;
• parsley;
• basil;
• cilantro;
• calendula.

Onions and garlic growing next to cabbage beds also repel pests.

In addition to all methods, it is necessary to observe all precautions, weed out weeds, dig up the soil and disinfect it in the fall to obtain a full harvest.

Rapeseed sawfly

An orange-yellow insect from the Hymenoptera family. The body length of an adult is 7-8 mm. Pests appear after wintering in the soil in early May. Females lay eggs on the leaves of cabbage and related crops, damaging the tissue in the process. The presence of oviposition is indicated by swellings on the leaf blades. Soon the larvae emerge and begin to actively feed on the host plant.

The larvae (false caterpillars) of the sawfly are gray-green in color with a light stripe along the body. The most favorable conditions for the development of insects are high humidity (70-80%) and temperature 23-26°C.

To protect the crop from the rapeseed sawfly, the following measures are necessary:

• compliance with crop rotation (planting cruciferous crops in the same place for several seasons in a row will increase the risk of pest damage);
• removal of weeds and plant residues after harvesting;
• deep plowing will help destroy insect pupae;
• When sawflies appear, insecticides are used (Kinfos, Fufanon, Fastak).

Cabbage fly

As soon as the soil warms up to +12°C, cabbage flies will begin to fly out. This period coincides with the planting of cabbage seedlings. One female is capable of laying about 150 eggs. The fly selects laying sites in the soil near the root collar of plants.

Attention! The fly does not lay eggs in mulched soil. She is interested in soil with cracks and lumps.

The emerging larvae penetrate the root of the plant and feed here. This destroys soft tissue. And the larva, having made numerous passages, goes deeper into the soil. There she will remain for the winter. Young cabbage with a damaged root system is delayed in development, acquires a bluish-lead tint, and then withers.

Necessary measures:

• preventing the development of cruciferous weeds;
• cleaning of plant residues;
• planting early varieties of cabbage;
• combined plantings with strong-smelling crops (parsley, sage, coriander, celery);
• using infusion of bay leaves;
• dusting with wood ash;
• installing obstacles around plants (cardboard, plastic, other dense materials);
• Dipping the roots before planting the seedlings in a clay mash (the larvae will not be able to reach the soft tissues of the roots).

If flies are nevertheless noticed on the site, it is worth turning to radical measures - the use of insecticides (Karbofos, Bazudin, Aktara, Rovikurt). This will allow, if not completely destroy cabbage pests, to significantly reduce their population.