How to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse all year round: care features to increase yield

How many tomatoes can you plant in a 3 by 4 greenhouse?

3 by 4 m – up to 24 plants (up to 48); 3 by 6 m – up to 36 tomatoes (up to 72); 3 by 8 m – up to 48 roots (up to 96); 3 by 12 m – up to 72 tomato bushes (up to 144).

Interesting materials:

How to set up hdmi on a computer? How to set up hdmi on laptop and TV? How to set up HDMI on a laptop? How to set up hdmi on samsung tv? How to set up Huawei Health? How to set up Huawei y5 2022? How to adjust screen brightness on iPhone? How to adjust screen brightness on a computer? How to adjust screen brightness on an Acer laptop? How to adjust screen brightness on a Samsung laptop?

General characteristics of the business, advantages and disadvantages

Tomatoes are vegetables that are in demand all year round. The price for them increases in the winter-spring period. Tomatoes are sold to retail chains, catering establishments, and supplied to retail outlets of vegetable markets.

It is especially convenient to start growing tomatoes if you have your own personal plot: this eliminates the cost of renting land.

The advantages of this type of business include the following:

• high year-round demand for tomatoes;
• high profitability;
• the ability to grow any, even the most demanding, varieties of tomatoes in a greenhouse;
• the ability to harvest several vegetable crops per year;
• high yield.

Among the disadvantages of a business growing tomatoes in a greenhouse, the following should be highlighted:

• high initial financial investments;
• high cost of vegetables in regions with cold climates;
• increased competition in the summer from farms that grow vegetables in open ground;
• high costs of heating a greenhouse;
• need for skills in agriculture.

It should also be noted that tomatoes grown in greenhouses cannot compete in taste with vegetables grown in open ground. This happens if the entrepreneur uses various fertilizers and means to stimulate the growth of vegetables. That is why in the summer-autumn period buyers try to purchase tomatoes grown under natural conditions.

Necessary investments, payback, profit and profitability

If an entrepreneur decides to grow tomatoes in greenhouses, he needs to develop a business plan. First, it is important to calculate the amount that will be required to organize the process.

How to draw up a business plan yourself - read here.

To organize a business you will need the following investments:

• Rent of land. The cost of land varies: owners offer agricultural plots at prices ranging from 2,000 to 10,000 rubles per hectare. If an entrepreneur has his own land plot, then this item can be excluded from the list of expenses.
• Construction of greenhouses. Their price depends on the material from which they are made. Today, polycarbonate greenhouses are especially popular. The price of one such structure with an area of ​​250 sq. m is about 150,000 rubles. To reduce costs, many entrepreneurs build greenhouses with their own hands.
• Organization of a ventilation system - about 45,000 rubles.
• Creation of a heating system - about 60,000 rubles.
• Organization of an irrigation system - about 20,000 rubles.
• Purchase of raw materials. Its cost depends on the selected tomato variety.

The average profitability of a business growing tomatoes in greenhouse conditions ranges from 50 to 70%. The net profit indicator depends on the yield of tomatoes grown in open ground. In this case, competition can either increase or decrease.

Profit from this type of activity directly depends on the scale of production, as well as the ability to find distribution channels. If you have one medium-sized greenhouse, you can get 100,000 rubles in net profit for the winter season.

An effective way to increase profits is to prepare tomato paste or juices from “substandard” ones. This option only works if you have the necessary equipment and permission to manufacture the product.

How to increase productivity

For industrial cultivation of fruits, year-round glass greenhouses are used. Supporters of this particular method can get the maximum amount of harvest.

Fruits in open ground soil are at risk due to unstable weather conditions and pests, so they may not have time to ripen before frost. In a greenhouse, the growing period is from 5 to 7 months, which guarantees almost one hundred percent successful formation of ovaries and harvest.

Tatyana Orlova (candidate of agricultural sciences):

In open ground, light shelters in the form of arcs with non-woven material stretched over them will help to extend the period of fruit harvesting with the onset of cool weather.

Secrets to increasing the amount of harvest:

• Do not use the same place twice for planting seedlings, do not change the greenhouse soil, do not plant bushes close to each other and provide them with sufficient lighting.
• Timely weeding and loosening of the soil, hilling and mulching are required.
• The first watering should be done infrequently, but use a lot of warm water, gradually increasing the dose.
• Feed with potassium and phosphorus, do not neglect immunomodulators.
• The fruit flowering period requires increased attention. We must not forget to remove ripened tomatoes in a timely manner so as not to interfere with the ripening of new ones.

Tatyana Orlova (candidate of agricultural sciences):

Tomato requires high intensity sunlight. In those areas of the country where there are not enough sunny days and heat, it is better to allocate southern open slopes for tomatoes. The best soils for tomatoes are light, rich in humus with a neutral pH reaction. The plant removes a large amount of nutrients from the soil. Most of all it removes potassium, then nitrogen. Tomato tolerates 5 times less phosphorus than potassium, but it is difficult to find a more demanding plant for digestible phosphorus, which mainly accumulates in fruits.

LiveInternetLiveInternet

Thursday, July 30, 2009 12:34 + in quotation book Yes, this is real, any gardener can get such a harvest in open ground conditions. The first ripe fruits can be obtained by June 20-25! Seed preparation begins at the end of January. First, the seeds must be heated at a temperature of 55-60 degrees, then placed in a 3% solution of table salt and mixed well. For sowing, use only those seeds that have settled to the bottom; they must be washed with running water, and then placed in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 20 minutes. Rinse again and dry at room temperature for 1 hour. Then the seeds are soaked in a solution of microfertilizers - a quarter of a tablet per 2.5 liters of water or in an extract from ash for 12 hours. Next, the seeds are hardened - wet seeds wrapped in gauze are kept alternately (12 hours each) at room temperature and at a temperature of minus 1-2 degrees. Hardening is carried out within 12 days. Seeds are sown in boxes in the first half of February. The soil mixture must be prepared in the summer. It consists of turf soil, manure humus and low-lying peat - a bucket of each component. The mixture is filled with fertilizers: nitroammophos 100 g, double superphosphate - 200 g, potassium magnesia 100 g. and ash from burning tomato tops 1.5 l. The mixture is saturated with nutrients in the fall, before freezing. Pour the thawed mixture into boxes in a layer of 6-8 cm and place the seeds in shallow holes, sprinkle with soil, moisten and cover with film. Place the boxes in a warm place with a constant temperature of 25-28 degrees. Shoots appear after 3 days, in the first 2-2.5 weeks the seedlings must be illuminated daily for 12-14 hours (200 W per 1 sq. m), and when mass shoots appear, the temperature should be reduced to 14-15 degrees within a week so that the seedlings become stronger and develop better with the root system. Then the temperature can be increased depending on the degree of illumination. Water no more than 2 times a week. After the second true leaf is formed, the seedlings should be planted into boxes 12 cm deep according to a 5x5 cm pattern, deepening them to the cotyledon leaves. For better survival, immediately after picking, reduce lighting and allow it only for 3 days. Avoid direct sunlight. After the seedlings have finally taken root, maximum lighting should be provided. Increase the lighting duration to 14 hours a day using additional lighting. If at the end of March weather conditions do not allow the seedlings to be transferred to greenhouses, it is necessary to slow down the growth - lower the temperature to 10-12 degrees, reduce watering, reduce lighting and gradually lower the temperature to 8 degrees. You can also slow down the growth of plants by picking. Each pick delays the growth of plants for a week and, in addition, the plants acquire resistance to unfavorable conditions. To remove plants from the preserved state, it is necessary to gradually increase the temperature and illumination over 3 days, and after 6 days, feed them. Feeding solution: 30 gr. ammonium nitrate, 20 gr. superphosphate, 15 g. potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water. Add another 100 ml of aqueous extract of ash (1 glass per 1 liter of water). Prepare the ash extract one day before feeding. Consumption rate - 1 bucket per 1 sq. m of boxes. To grow stocky, elongated seedlings, you need to adjust the ratio of the amount of fertilizers in the soil mixture. So, when preparing the mixture before picking, you need to add as much additional superphosphate and ash as was added once, but the amount of nitrogen remained at the same level, bordering on a deficiency. This is a factor in the formation of stocky seedlings. If the color of the leaves shows a lack of nitrogen, then give nitrogen in the form of foliar feeding - 20 grams. ammonium nitrate per 10 liters of water at the rate of 2 liters of solution per 1 sq. m of box area. At the end of March, in the phase of 4 true leaves, the seedlings must be planted twice, but already in the greenhouse. It should be carried out on a quiet day, at an air temperature of at least 8 degrees. The soil temperature in the greenhouse by this time should be 15-18 degrees. In the fall, the greenhouse is filled with dry leaves to reduce freezing. Now they need to be taken out, disinfected with a 5% formaldehyde solution and filled with hot manure. After the manure burns and settles, sprinkle with a 3 mm layer of soil and fill with a layer of soil mixture 15-18 cm thick. Plant seedlings in it according to a 10x10 cm pattern. When the seedlings take root well in the greenhouse, spray with a 0.1% boric acid solution , and every other day, fertilize: pour 10 liters of litter infusion, 100 g into a 12 liter bucket. ash extracts, 2.5 g. potassium permanganate, 1.5 g. boric acid. Before feeding the plants, water: 5 liters per 1 sq. m with a temperature of 18 degrees. Fertilize between rows at the rate of 100 ml of solution per plant. Before planting in the ground, it is necessary to regulate the soil moisture temperature. During cold periods, the air temperature may drop. In this case, the greenhouse must be securely reinforced with kraft paper and mats. Plant seedlings in open ground by the end of April, when buds form on the first cluster. If the weather does not allow it, you need to wait it out, but in the morning spray it with a solution of boric acid (10 grams per 10 liters of water) to prevent the buds from falling off. Prepare the soil in advance before planting: loosen it with an iron rake, cover with a dark film. This will provoke the growth of weeds; as soon as they begin to grow, they can be easily destroyed by repeated harrowing. On the eve of this operation, it is necessary to additionally apply mineral fertilizers: nitroammophos - 30 g, ammonium sulfate - 20 g, potassium magnesium - 20 g, potassium sulfate - 20 g. per 1 sq. m. Dig up the area without turning to a depth of 30 cm. Planting scheme for White filling: between rows located from south to north - 35 cm, and in a row between holes - 30 cm. Each bed has 4 rows, passage width - 50 cm. 1 hundred square meters (10 sq. m) accommodates 1000 plants. Dig holes 30 cm deep. Pour 0.5 liters of fertilizer mixture into each hole, consisting of 1 bucket of sifted humus, 0.5 liters of ash from burning tomato and potato tops, 0.5 tbsp. double superphosphate, 0.5 tbsp. nitroammophos, 30-40 gr. potassium magnesia. Prepare the mixture in advance and mix thoroughly. In addition to the fertilizer mixture, pour in 0.5 liters of chicken manure and 2 liters of water. When the water is absorbed, mix the soil with fertilizers. Plant seedlings with a large lump of earth into the dough-like mass. Bury the cotyledon leaves. After an hour, water 1 liter of water per plant. When the 4-row bed is planted, place arches of thick wire (8-10 mm) 80 cm apart. Fasten the arcs with a cord in 4 rows (above each row). In case of bad weather, prepare a double layer of plastic film with kraft paper between them (3 layers). Planting seedlings in a permanent place should be done in cloudy weather. If the weather is sunny, then early in the morning and in the evening. As soon as the plants take root in the new place, at the beginning of flowering they must be sprayed again with a 0.1% solution of boric acid. If there are prolonged rains during the flowering phase, it is better to cover the beds with arcs with film. All plants must be formed into one stem with 3 inflorescences. Remove unnecessary stepsons until the harvest is formed on the last inflorescence, then mint - cut off the top. 20-30 days before the last fruits ripen, apply root feeding through the mulching layers: add 0.5 liters of ash and 1 tbsp to 1 bucket of humus. double superphosphate. The predominance of phosphorus and potassium over nitrogen in the soil accelerates the ripening of fruits. Simultaneously with the removal of the stepsons, it is necessary to attach ribbons to the arches and the cord with which the arches are connected to each other. This method eliminates the need for tying to stakes and reduces the load on the plants. Plants that bear fruit in June and July are almost always free of late blight. As a preventative measure, you can spray the plants with garlic infusion: 200 g. Infuse crushed garlic cloves in a bucket of water, closing it tightly. Spray every 10-15 days, starting from the last days of July. Let us note the high-yielding De Barao variety, its shape resembles a chicken egg. Taken in the fall, they can be stored until January! Very high yield, cold resistance, low susceptibility to diseases. Growing this variety has its own characteristics. It requires a more nutritious soil mixture for seedlings and for adding to the holes. The mixture for seedlings consists of 2 parts of humus horse manure and 0.5 tbsp double superphosphate per 1 bucket of the mixture. Prepare the soil mixture in September so that it has time to freeze well in winter. At the end of January the mixture is thawed, at the beginning of February the seeds are processed and hardened, then sowing is carried out. The first picking at the stage of 2 true leaves should be carried out in an apartment, 2 - in a greenhouse, in early April - at the stage of 3-4 true leaves. From May 2 to May 10, seedlings are planted in open ground. Planting pits with a volume of 10 liters. Pour 3 liters of nutrient mixture into each (on a bucket of humus - 0.5 liters of wood ash, 0.5 tbsp. superphosphate, 0.5 tbsp. nitroammophos. 50 grams of potassium magnesia), pour 1 liter of water infusion of chicken manure (1: 10), and once absorbed - 3 liters of water. Mix the mixture with an equal amount of soil and plant the seedlings, deepening them down to the cotyledon leaves. An hour after planting, pour 1.5-2 liters of water onto the plant, mulch with humus, this will save you from the need to loosen the soil. No fertilizing is required throughout the growing season - the plants have a large supply of root food. To speed up the ripening of fruits, you can add 0.5 liters of ash and 1 tbsp to the humus during the last mulching per 10 liters. double superphosphate. Plants are formed into 3 stems and placed in a checkerboard pattern with a distance of 70 cm. The maximum height of plants after pinching is 2 m. Source https://t9b.narod.ru/Izdaniya/Izd056.html

Tags:
garden tomatoes

Cited 16 times Liked by: 1 user

Like share

0

Like

• 1
  I liked the post
• Quoted
• 0
  Saved

• Add to quote book
• 0
  Save to links

Liked1
0