General information
Seeds and vegetative parts are suitable for propagation of ordinary raspberries. In home cultivation, vegetative propagation is used in most cases; it is less labor-intensive and more practical.
Raspberry propagation by seeds is carried out mainly in special institutions when breeding new varieties. For dachas and vegetable gardens, raspberries can also be propagated by seeds, but one must take into account that such plants do not always inherit all the properties characteristic of the variety, so gardeners are better off opting for vegetative propagation. In this case, the crop is propagated by shoots from the roots - green and lignified, or by cuttings from shoots and root sections.
Method 1. Traditional
The raspberry rhizome spreads several meters from the plantation. This is an ideal planting material. You can quickly plant raspberries with roots. For propagation, offspring are used; those closest to the mother bush are endowed with the best qualities.
The photo shows how the root shoots develop
The strongest shoots are selected and transplanted to the chosen location. I recommend propagation by offspring in the fall or spring before the buds open. Many varieties of standard raspberries are not capable of forming shoots; other methods are used for their breeding.
You need to be able to choose root shoots. If the selection is incorrect, the valuable qualities of the variety change - the raspberries run wild, the berries become smaller.
How to plant raspberries, watch the video:
Many selective species, when bred independently, change the shape of the bush, the color and taste of the berries. When cultivating at home, you need to know how to propagate raspberries of one or another variety.
To preserve varietal and hybrid characteristics, 5 methods of propagation are used:
- dividing the bush;
- seeds;
- root cuttings;
- apical layering;
- green cuttings.
To grow raspberries on the site, it is advisable to know the variety and type of plant. For example, cuttings are used for standard varieties, and apical layering is used for blackberry varieties.
High-quality planting material can only be obtained from a healthy bush
Optimal timing for work
It is permissible to replant raspberry plants in both spring and autumn. In spring, the most optimal time is after the snow melts, when the soil warms up a little, but you need to do it before it dries out. In dry soil and hot weather, raspberries will not take root well. The second condition for the successful establishment of seedlings is that the buds on the shoots should not have time to bloom.
In autumn, plants are replanted before the onset of constant cold weather. This is necessary so that the seedlings have time to take root, then they will not freeze out in winter frosts. The replanting date should be chosen so that the raspberries have a month left for rooting.
Propagation of raspberries by root cuttings
The technology of propagating raspberries by root cuttings is usually used if the plants suffer from any disease. In this case, there is a possibility that the prepared cuttings will not be infected and healthy plants will grow from them. It is also suitable for propagating remontant varieties.
Raspberries can be propagated by cuttings in the spring or autumn months. Near the selected bush at a distance of 0.4 m, dig up the ground and separate from it pieces of roots more than 2 mm thick, about 8-10 cm long, they should have at least 1 or 2 buds.
In the spring, the cuttings are transplanted into a fertile, light, loose substrate on a pre-prepared bed or in a small greenhouse. They are placed in grooves, buried 5-10 cm into the soil. During the rooting period, the cuttings are watered and the soil around them is lightly loosened. After rooting, which takes approximately 1.5 months, they are transferred to a raspberry garden.
If the cuttings are cut in the fall, then before the onset of spring they are lowered into a cold and damp cellar for storage. They are sprinkled with a damp mixture of peat and coarse sand. In the spring, in March-April, they are transplanted into a greenhouse, in which their leaves will grow, then the seedlings are sent to the beds.
We recommend reading
Methods for pruning raspberries in spring and autumn
Rules for caring for raspberries in spring, summer and autumn
Rules for feeding raspberries in spring, summer and autumn
Rules for transplanting raspberries to a new place in spring and autumn
Features of seed propagation at home
Summer residents rarely resort to seed propagation of bush raspberries. It does not guarantee 100% preservation of the characteristics of the variety. Select ripe, large berries, mash them in a cup, then fill them with water.
The liquid and pulp are drained, the seeds are kept in water for a day. They are mixed with clean, damp sand and poured into a bag and cloth. Store in the refrigerator. Planting takes place in March:
- sow in boxes, deepen to 5 mm;
- to create a greenhouse effect, cover with film or glass;
- transferred to a warm room, the optimal temperature for seed germination is 22 °C.
Comment! Raspberry seeds have a germination rate of ≤ 50%.
Before planting in open ground, seedlings are hardened off for a week. Plant in holes 15 cm deep and water. Rooting lasts 2-3 weeks.
Propagation of raspberries by green cuttings
This method of vegetative propagation of raspberries is in 2nd place in popularity. In May or June, material is taken from young green shoots, which are cut out during thinning. In early autumn, 1-year-old shoots are used, which are superfluous in the bush, which will still have to be cut out later.
How to obtain high-quality material suitable for propagating raspberries using green cuttings:
- Cut the shoot into pieces 8-15 cm long and with 2-3 leaves. The lower cut is made oblique, the upper cut is left straight.
- The cuttings are collected in small bunches and their tips are dipped for 1 day in a solution of heteroauxin or any other root formation stimulator; the upper halves of the leaves are cut off to reduce transpiration.
- Then they are planted in a greenhouse, which should be warm and humid (humidity 90% and temperature 25°C). The substrate is prepared from sand and non-acidic peat. The cuttings are placed at intervals of 5-7 cm in rows and 7-10 cm in row spacing.
Raspberry cuttings can be rooted in approximately 4-5 weeks. During this period, it is necessary to monitor their condition, water them, and loosen the soil after irrigation. The rooted cuttings are transplanted into the raspberry garden in the fall, at the end of September or at the beginning of the next month.
Bush placement scheme
The optimal distance between seedlings, which will ensure normal development of raspberries without excessive thickening, depends on the chosen placement scheme. Bushes can be planted individually or in wide rows. Each planting method has its own agricultural technology characteristics. There are also several alternative options for planting raspberries:
- in separate containers;
- in car tires;
- under the film.
Planting with individual bushes
The bush scheme for planting raspberries is as follows:
- The area is divided into cells with a side of 100-150 cm.
- Planting holes are planned in a checkerboard pattern.
- The holes should be about 40 cm deep and 60 cm in diameter.
In order to plant a raspberry tree correctly, the dimensions of the planting holes must exceed the dimensions of the root system of the seedling.
Trench planting
Raspberry bushes planted in even rows look more compact and beautiful. The trench method involves:
- Mark the rows in the north-south direction.
- Plants should be planted no closer than half a meter from each other.
- The depth of the trench is 45 cm and the width is 60 cm.
- The row spacing is 1-1.5 m.
- The gaps can be mulched or covered with dense material.
Propagation of raspberries by lignified offspring
Reproduction using this method is carried out in September or in the 1st half of October. Select a productive healthy bush with strong shoots this year, dig them up with pieces of rhizomes, 10-15 cm in length. When selecting seedlings, you need to inspect them: the shoots must be healthy, without thickening on the shoots and bluish spots - these are signs of stem gall midge and the disease purple spot. The dug up shoots are immediately transplanted into a raspberry garden and trimmed, leaving 30-40 cm from the root.
Young shoots or shoots
The propagation method using shoots is used in large nurseries. It differs from the method described above in that shoots for seedlings are not cut out from each bush, but are formed over the course of two years instead of the bush in large quantities.
Raspberries are planted according to the 1x2.5 m pattern. The goal of the first year of growth is to obtain a large volume of roots. In the spring of the second year, with a sharply sharpened tool, the entire above-ground part and 3-5 cm of roots are removed from the center of the bush. This is done immediately after the snow melts.
From the roots remaining in the soil, up to 20 seedlings often develop in adventitious buds. How quickly high-quality seedlings grow depends on proper care. The following procedures must be carried out:
- watering as needed;
- 3-4 weeding;
- 3 nitrogen fertilizing;
- 2-3 sprays against raspberry flies;
- 3-4 loosenings.
Seedlings are dug up in the fall. The next year, a second crop of seedlings from the remaining roots grows between the rows.
Propagation of raspberries by green root suckers
It is necessary to choose a 4-5 year old healthy and well-bearing bush. Work begins when the fresh growth becomes 10-20 cm high; it is dug out along with a section of the root system. The shoots are taken, retreating from the bush by 0.4 m.
They are planted in a specially designated bed, somewhere in partial shade, for further growing, and in the fall they are transferred to a raspberry garden. Before planting, root shoots are cut off, leaving 30-40 cm from the root.
Caring for them in the summer involves systematic watering, loosening, and protection from possible diseases. The method of propagation by green root suckers is suitable for any variety that produces enough shoots.
Nuances of planting depending on the type of raspberry
If ordinary raspberry varieties take root on the site without any problems, then growing remontant varieties requires strict adherence to all conditions. Such raspberries bear fruit only in spacious areas and fertile lands.
The planting hole is fertilized in late autumn and spring so that by summer it accumulates vitamins and microelements useful for raspberries. The site should be sunny; even in partial shade, remontant raspberries grow poorly. The plant is planted to a depth of 30 cm. Such raspberries receive nutrition through lateral roots, so it is not recommended to bury them.
Depending on the growing region
If raspberries are planted in cold regions, for example in the Urals or Siberia, then the seedlings are pre-soaked in a clay mash. It increases the plant’s resistance to sudden temperature changes, strengthens the immune system and protects against diseases and pests. It’s easy to prepare the product: mix clay and water to the consistency of thick sour cream. It is also easy to store and transport planting material in the chatterbox.
In central Russia, it is recommended to pay attention to garden soil . It must be clean and nutritious. To increase its fertile properties, summer residents mix garden soil with purchased soil, add 20 g of superphosphate and 10 g of nitroammophosphate per 1 sq. m. m.
