When and how to plant onions in the Urals in 2022 before winter in the fall according to the lunar calendar

What varieties are suitable for planting onions in the fall in the Urals?

Winter varieties that can withstand prolonged frosts and constant temperature changes are considered suitable for planting in autumn in the Urals.

The bulbs should have time to form and develop during a short or medium daylight period. Material for winter planting is divided into:

wild oatmeal;
sevok;
sample.

Oatmeal in the spring produces medium-sized bulbs, onions usually grow from the sets, the selection will not produce large fruits, for the most part it will be abundant greens.

Winter varieties that are popular in the fall among gardeners in the Urals: Shakespeare, Radar, Saturn, Red Baron, Senshui.

All of these varieties are susceptible to cold temperatures in winter, are able to develop in short daylight hours, have excellent taste and are stored for a long time after harvest.

Choosing a variety for planting in autumn

You need to choose varieties of onion sets based on climatic conditions. Breeders have developed many types of this useful plant; varieties are distinguished by such characteristics as ripening time, keeping quality, frost resistance, etc. And such distinctive features as the shape of the bulb and its color simply serve as a certain determinant of belonging to the variety.

You can focus on taste - some varieties have a sweeter, delicate taste, while others are sharp, burning, their taste can be defined by such a popular word as “vigorous”. Although it is generally accepted that winter onion sets are always of a milder taste than spring ones.

One of the most popular varieties of onion sets is Siberian annual. It is valued for its good keeping quality and resistance to shooting. The slightly flattened yellow bulb has a semi-sharp taste. The growing season is up to 70 days, the yield is up to 4 kg/m2.
Ruby, bred by Donetsk breeders, is not inferior in popularity - the variety was named because of the light lilac-violet color of the round bulb. Rubin's yield is slightly lower than that of Siberian annual, 3 kg/m2, but at the same time it has very good shelf life. The growing season is up to 85 days.
Red onion Robin is intended for sowing in more southern regions; it does not tolerate very severe frosts, but thanks to its powerful root system it survives drought well.
Late-ripening Lugansk is well preserved, large yellow bulbs have a sharp taste.
The Panther F1 variety, bred by Japanese breeders , is the most frost-resistant; it can withstand severe frosts down to -28°C. It is also resistant to gunfire.
Other varieties may not be disease resistant, so keep this in mind. For example, the German onion Stuttgarten riesen is stored well and for a long time, but neck rot and powdery mildew affect it more often and easier than other varieties of onion sets.
Buran, bred in Ukraine, has large, juicy bulbs, but it is not resistant to downy mildew.

Choosing the right days and times for planting onions in the Urals in the fall before winter?

There is no exact date for winter planting; it all depends on weather conditions in the fall.

Autumn can be warm and last a long time, or frosts can begin much earlier.

The target for winter planting of onions in the Urals is September and October.

If you plant winter crops at this time, the bulbs will take root before winter sets in.

ON A NOTE. It is necessary to plant at least a month before frost. Otherwise, the sprouts will not have time to take root.

If the autumn weather is stable at +5 degrees for a week, it is recommended to start winter planting as early as possible.

However, you should not start planting in warm weather. During prolonged warm weather, you can plant winter onions in the second half of October and November.

Caring for onions after planting in the Urals

Sowing onions before winter in the Urals requires virtually no care during the cold period. You just need to protect the plantings from the cold. But with the onset of spring, certain measures need to be taken to get a good result.

Emergence of seedlings

In order for the first shoots to appear faster, after the end of winter in the Urals and the snow melts, the cover and mulch should be removed from the garden bed. Sunlight will not only speed up the emergence of seedlings, but will also protect the bulbs from rotting due to the accumulation of excessive moisture.

Loosening and thinning

From time to time, a bed with winter onions in the Urals needs to be loosened, breaking up large clods of earth and saturating the soil with oxygen. At the same time, thinning is carried out - that is, all grown weeds are removed.

How to feed onions

After removing the cover and mulch with the arrival of spring in the Urals, the onions need to be fed. First of all, it is recommended to scatter ash over the beds - 10 g per square meter.

After the green shoots produce the fourth leaf, you will need to add 25 g of azofoska per square meter to the soil. It is also useful to water the beds with chicken droppings. Fertilizers will strengthen the emerging plant.

Watering

Winter onions planted in the fall should be watered only as needed, once a week - if the winter turned out to be little snow and the spring was quite dry. If the snow has melted abundantly, and it rains regularly in the spring, then there is already enough moisture in the soil.

Protection from diseases and pests

In general, winter onions planted in the Urals in the fall have stronger immunity than spring onions. But it can also be affected by ailments and pests, namely:

onion fly;
peronosporosis - a fungal disease;
onion tobacco thrips is a dangerous pest for vegetable crops;
neck rot is a disease that most often lurks dormant in the sets and appears in the summer.

In order to protect vegetables from diseases and pests, you need to carefully select material for planting in the Urals in the fall and regularly check the condition of the seedlings in the spring. If insects or suspicious darkening and spots appear on the plant, you should use fungicidal or insecticidal agents.

When to plant onions in the Urals before winter in 2022

Winter in the Urals can be extremely capricious, which is why planting periods in the fall are extensive - from September to November. In order for the harvest to be good, the summer resident needs to know about the favorable and unfavorable days of winter planting according to the lunar calendar.

Favorable days for planting onions in 2022 in the Urals before winter according to the lunar calendar

Favorable days in 2022 for planting are conventionally divided into: the most profitable and fertile. It is better to plant on the most favorable days, but a good harvest is guaranteed in the second case

The most profitable days for planting in the fall of 2021:

September. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 29th, 30th.
October. 26th, 27th, 28th.
November. 4th, 22nd, 23rd, 24th.

Fertile days for planting in autumn 2022:

September. From the 10th to the 16th.
October. From the 7th to the 13th.
November from 6th to 9th.

Unfavorable time for planting onions in 2022 in the Urals according to the lunar calendar

Choosing favorable days is much easier because there are more of them. There are fewer unfavorable days for planting winter crops in the fall, and it is better to refrain from planting onions during them.

September. 7th, 17th, 18th, 21st.
October. 6th, 14th, 15th, 20th.
November. 5th, 10th, 11th, 19th.

Preparation of planting material

Planting onions before winter in the Urals and Siberia has its own characteristics. They also concern the preparation of planting material. All necessary procedures are carried out 10 days before the date of planting in open ground and include:

Calibration. Oatmeal (1 cm in size) is suitable for obtaining small heads and arrows. Sets (1-3 cm) are suitable for growing large bulbs. The sample (from 3 cm) is used for feather forcing. Rotten, rotten, damaged specimens are not accepted for planting.
Warming up in a warm room, not far from radiators, at a temperature of +40 °C for 10 hours. This is necessary to activate growth, awaken the vitality of the plant, and prevent the release of arrows.
Disinfection. To do this, planting material is soaked in a salt solution (1 tablespoon per 1 liter of water) for 10 minutes. or copper sulfate (similar proportions) for no more than 5 minutes. At this stage, fungal spores and larvae of harmful insects are destroyed, and overall immunity is increased.
Drying for a day or more.

How to prepare a bed for planting onions in the fall in the Urals?

The choice of bed for winter crops directly affects the future harvest. All requirements must be met. It is advisable to choose a sunny place, but if this is not available, an area with shade is allowed.

The soil should not be acidic or alkaline. The ideal option is neutral. If the soil is acidic, then it needs to be deoxidized, and if there is alkali, it needs to be alkalized. The content of useful components in the soil must be sufficient for the growth and development of the crop; air permeability is important.

ADVICE! It is not recommended to choose lowlands for onion beds. After winter, water will accumulate in them, which adversely affects the crop.

Since the fertility of the soil substrate is important for onions, the soil must first be prepared. When digging, you need to add organic and mineral fertilizers. These are humus, phosphorus and potassium products.

On the day of winter planting, it is necessary to fertilize the future bed with wood ash and level it with a rake so that water does not accumulate in the beds.

If another crop grew on the site before winter onions, it is recommended to carry out a number of measures.

Initially, you will need to dig the bed to a depth of 7-10 cm. Next, dig deep and apply fertilizer. In case of heavy soil, the beds are prepared in advance.

Thanks to this, the bulbs take root better and good air circulation is ensured.

NOTE! Fresh manure should not be used as an organic fertilizer before winter. It reduces plant immunity and can provoke pest invasion or disease.

How to plant winter onions:

To get a good harvest of winter onions, it is very important to check the quality of the sets.

Planting material must meet several basic criteria:

The diameter of the bulbs is on average one centimeter.
Seeds are healthy, dry, without signs of disease or damage by pests.
The variety or hybrid is frost-resistant, adapted to the climatic conditions of the growing region.

technology for planting and growing winter onions

Step-by-step instructions for planting winter onions:

The bed should be dug up 14 days before planting, after which mineral fertilizers or humus should be added.
When the soil settles, it is necessary to scatter wood ash on the surface, then form earthen rolls. The height of each embankment should be on average twenty centimeters.
Using equipment, it is necessary to make furrows no more than five centimeters deep. The optimal distance between them is about 20 cm.
It is very important to place the planting material correctly in the soil. The neck of the bulb should remain two centimeters below the ground level. It is also necessary to maintain a distance between the sets - about 15 cm.
You need to sprinkle soil on top of the beds, then add humus. Dry leaves or sawdust can be used as mulch.

Let's look at the typical mistakes gardeners make that reduce the yield of winter onions:

Cutting off the neck of the set can lead to rotting of the bulb.
Failure to comply with the optimal size of the seedlings can provoke bolting.
The absence of picking when independently growing sets from seeds worsens the quality of planting material.
Application of fresh manure destroys onion crops.

caring for winter onions

With the arrival of spring warmth, several activities need to be carried out in the garden:

Clear the soil of mulch.
In case of severe thickening, the crops should be thinned out.
Carefully loosen the soil.
Add fertilizer.
Water as needed.
At the first signs of pest or disease damage, treat green onions with insecticides and fungicides.

How to prepare and how to treat onions before planting before winter?

Before planting winter onions, it is important to prepare them first. The bulbs must be dry and should not be planted wet. After processing, the planting material should be dried.

You also need to sort through weak, damaged and dried specimens. The sets are set aside separately because they are used for growing greens. Do not cut off the necks of the bulbs.

For favorable germination, the seeds must be pre-treated. This is done in three main ways: temperature method, salt and potassium permanganate.

With the temperature method, the bulbs are preheated so that they start the growth process and reduce susceptibility to pests and infectious diseases. To implement this method, the bulbs are left next to a heat source for 6-8 hours.

Treatment with salt disinfects future plants, so you need to prepare a solution from it and soak the bulbs in it. Afterwards they will need to be dried.

Potassium permanganate is an antifungal agent. The bulbs are soaked in the solution and then washed with warm water.

IMPORTANT! Don’t forget to dry the winter seedlings. If you plant it wet, it may die from a sharp drop in temperature.

Advantages and disadvantages of autumn planting

Typically, onions are planted after the spring snowmelt. Onions are included in the list of cold-resistant crops, which makes it possible to plant them in early spring, as soon as positive temperatures are established.

Experienced vegetable growers often start planting in the fall. This technology has many advantages, but there are also weaknesses.

Pros:

In the autumn, the gardener is not very busy. By planting bulbs in the fall, the spring workload is reduced.
In the spring of next year, winter onions will outgrow spring onions by 20 days or more. At the zenith of July, the crop completely vacates the occupied area. In this place, before the end of the season, you can grow another crop with a short growing season.
If you use the smallest planting fraction, wild oats, for autumn planting, you don’t have to worry about the spring shooting of onions. Using large fractions for autumn planting can lead to premature frond formation.
Pests are not as active in autumn as in summer. In the short remaining warm period, the onion fly and other pests will not cause significant damage.
Insidious diseases - gray rot, powdery mildew in the fall are not as dangerous as in the summer.
When spring comes, planting autumn onions quickly grows green feathers, takes over space and suppresses weeds.
Winter-planted onions produce higher quality and higher yields.
Onions planted in the fall receive a lot of moisture from the snow that melts in the spring. It needs to be watered less.
Bulbs obtained from winter sowing are stored quite well in winter, but spring onions are stored better.

Minuses:

it is difficult to guess the best planting date;
there is a need to cover the beds from freezing during the cold period;
it is necessary to increase the landing rate by 15%;
Winter onions are stored worse than spring onions.

Planting onions before winter has many compelling advantages:

It is this kind of onion that grows larger and stronger, compared to bulbs planted in the spring;
When planted before winter, the bulbs undergo hardening in cold conditions. Such plants are already gaining strength by spring, which means they will be more resistant to diseases and pests. That is why onions planted before winter are almost not damaged by the annoying onion fly;
Another advantage of winter planting is the reduction of weeding. The first onion shoots will appear immediately after the snow melts; the onion will have time to grow and become stronger before the mass appearance of weeds;

Another important factor is that you don’t need to worry about preserving planting material until spring. This is especially important for the smallest fraction of sowing, the so-called “oat”. Such onions will definitely not survive until spring planting; they will simply dry out. Wild oat almost never shoots, and the yield of such sets is not the worst.

Planting onions before winter significantly saves time during the hot spring season;
Early harvest. Onions planted before winter ripen in July. The vacated bed can be reused or sown with green manure.

The negative side of such planting is the reduction in onion yields in the event of a harsh winter. If there are sudden changes in temperature or severe frosts, the onion may die. Therefore, it is very important to approach the issue of choosing a variety correctly and not deviate from the recommendations for winter planting.

Another negative point is the inability to plant large bulbs. They almost always go straight. They can only be planted on a feather. But knowing this feature, you can provide yourself with early greens by planting a few large sets separately.

Grown from autumn-planted bulbs, the harvest stores well. But still, spring onions are stored much better.

What to put in the hole and what fertilizers to use when planting onions in the Urals before winter

Both store-bought and home-made fertilizers can be used as fertilizers for winter crops. It is recommended to dilute store-bought fertilizers in accordance with the instructions on the package.

When the winter onions grow by 4-6 cm, you need to apply complex fertilizers, after 10 days you should add potash fertilizers. When the bulb begins to actively form, it is necessary to apply special complex fertilizers for bulbous plants every two weeks. If fertilizers are an aqueous solution, they are applied by the drip method. A month before harvesting, it is necessary to apply the last dose of complex fertilizers.

Soil preparation

It is advisable to prepare the onion bed 2-3 weeks before planting:

First, humus is added to the site at the rate of 5.5 kg per m².
Then 14 g of potassium sulfate and 23 g of superphosphate are evenly scattered over each square meter.
You can add ash at the rate of 10 g per 1 m².

After spreading the fertilizer, you need to dig up the area. Novice vegetable growers are interested in how deep they should dig the soil? The onion does not need deep digging; it is enough to deepen the shovel 20 cm.

Before planting, bulbs are calibrated while simultaneously rejecting specimens unsuitable for planting:

dried out;
with signs of illness;
injured;
rotten.

Fraction	Bulb diameter (diameter), cm	Purpose
Oatmeal	1	planted on a turnip
Sevok	1-2	on a turnip or feather
Samples	2-3,5	to get a green feather

After which you can and cannot plant onions

It is highly not recommended to carry out winter planting after related crops have already been grown on the site. The same harmful microorganisms accumulate in the soil, plus there is a high risk of onion fly infection, which will lead to crop loss.

You should also choose a different place for winter onions if the following were grown in the area before:

alfalfa;
parsnip;
radish;
carrot.

These crops absorb the most nutrients from the soil and deplete it.

Optimal time for planting winter onions

The favorable time for planting onion sets depends on the climatic conditions of the region. For example, in the southern parts of the country, the crop must be placed in open soil no later than September. In the middle zone - at the end of August.

Professional gardeners also advise focusing on the ambient temperature. At a stable temperature of +5°C, winter onions should be planted in the soil. The plant should have three to four leaves before frost appears. This increase in green mass guarantees successful rooting of the crop. Based on experience, gardeners try to plant winter onions before Pokrov. For better wintering, onion beds are advised to be mulched with leaves or grass. The height of the mulch is about 10 cm.

Schemes for planting onions in the fall, suitable for the Urals

Winter planting can be done in two ways:

square-nested;
linear.

Square nest method

The most common and effective scheme is carried out this way.

A square plot is selected, dug up, and fertilized. Next, separate holes are made at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other.

ON A NOTE. For smaller varieties, the holes can be marked using a cardboard egg cassette.

Next, each bulb is placed separately in the holes, then a small amount of humus is poured in, tamped down a little, then the plant should be watered generously. If the soil is wet, watering should be minimal.

Linear method of planting winter crops

In this case, parallel grooves are made. The row spacing is maintained at 15 cm. Individual bulbs are planted at a distance of 7 - 15 cm, depending on the characteristics of the variety.

What varieties of onions can be planted in winter

The best winter varieties include Dutch onions:

Radar - high germination rate, sweetish taste. The head is slightly flattened, on average reaches 200 g, but can grow up to 500 g.
Troy - with golden scales and high frost resistance. Ripens quickly in spring. Head weight - up to 100 g.
Shakespeare is a universal culture for all regions. It is not the largest - no more than 75 g, but it is very juicy and can withstand frosts down to -15°C without snow cover.
Senshui is resistant to diseases and pests and has a high shelf life.
Sturon is easily recognized by the characteristic elongated shape of the bulbs and dark scales. A mid-season variety, it can be sown both as a winter and spring variety.
Centurion is oblong with a pungent taste. Germination is high, heads are about 100 g.

To get an early harvest, it is better to stop at Centurion. It has a sweetish taste, dense golden scales. Easily tolerates minor frosts.

The varieties Bessonovsky, Arzamassky, Red Semko, Stuttgarter Riesen and Strigunovsky are also suitable for the Moscow region and central Russia. For Siberia and the Urals, the zoned varieties Swift, annual Siberian, Shakespeare, and Ellan are suitable. In the Leningrad region and the Urals, high yields are produced by Siberian varieties, as well as Red Baron, Balstar and Bulat.

How to prepare onions for winter in the Urals?

With the onset of cold weather, winter onions need to be taken care of. It should be covered with leaves or peat to protect it from frost.

If the weather is dry, mulching is allowed; if it is wet, mulching is not recommended.

If the winter is cold and there is no snow, the plants need to be covered warmer. The more snow, the less the crop needs to be covered. If the main condition is met - the soil should not freeze before rooting, most likely, winter onions will survive the winter cold.

It is impossible to cover winter crop plantings with polyethylene. Under it, the culture will begin to rot. In spring, you need to open the beds in time, because there will be an excess of moisture, and there is a high risk that the onions will get wet.

Is it possible to plant family onions before winter?

You can and should plant it before winter. Planting crops before winter has a number of advantages over spring work:

the harvest of green feathers and turnips is obtained 25-30 days earlier;
winter onions require minimal care;
the heads grow larger;
winter family onions are resistant to bolting and have good immunity to fungal infections;
When the snow melts in the spring, the heads receive the necessary amount of moisture, which contributes to their rapid growth.

Tips and tricks for gardeners when planting onions in the Urals

During the growing season, winter onions need to be fed twice. If the soil is poor in nutrients, a third feeding is allowed. An infusion of mullein or nettle is used as a fertilizer.
Copper sulfate prevents the development of powdery mildew, which is destructive to many crops.
For prevention against larvae, flies and other pests, you can use a salt solution. This treatment will not cause any harm to winter onions.

The best varieties of winter onions for the Urals

In the continental climatic conditions of the Urals, high yields are guaranteed by the cultivation of the following varieties of winter onions:

"Senshui" is characterized by high productivity. The early ripening variety produces large, flat fruits. Can be used for growing dense green mass. Resistant to powdery mildew, does not form shoots. Can retain its presentation for a long time.
"Ellan" is a variety with high early maturity. Ripe bulbs reach an average weight of 100 grams. Not suitable for long-term storage. The white-fleshed fruits have a sweetish taste.
“Danilovsky” variety is a winter onion of medium ripeness. The dark red fruits are resistant to fungal attack. Can be grown for turnips and feathers. The average weight of an onion is 75 grams. Suitable for storage.
The Dutch hybrid "Kip-Well" was bred for long-term storage and transportation. It is characterized by high yield and resistance to diseases of bulbous plants.

Both gardeners and professionals use the previously described varieties for winter cultivation - “Shakespeare”, “Radar”.

Answers to frequently asked questions

What to do if the soil is waterlogged?

In this case, you can sprinkle the holes with a small layer of river sand.

Is it necessary to loosen the soil?

The soil should not be loose before planting; it can even be trampled down if necessary.

Do I need to trim the neck of the onion?

It is not advisable to cut the neck, as cutting can lead to infection.

Is it necessary to dry the seeds?

Before planting, the seeds must be prepared and, if necessary, disinfected. But you can’t plant them wet; you need to dry them thoroughly.

In what position should I plant?

The bulbs must be planted vertically in the hole, otherwise the emergence of seedlings will be difficult.