Onion - features of propagation and transplantation, why does it not sprout, grows poorly and turns yellow, how to cut?

Many types of greens are suitable for growing in a summer cottage. Onion onions are popular due to their ease of care and original taste. This variety is characterized by the absence of harshness and unpleasant aftertaste. It is added to salads, first and second courses.

Description of onion

This variety is a perennial herbaceous plant. Asia is considered the birthplace of onion. It grows wild in Japan and China. Greens have several names, including Tatar onion. This variety has the following characteristics:

Onion can be grown as an annual or perennial plant. A bush can grow in one place for 8-10 years, after which it needs to be replanted.
The spring onion has a branched root system. The length of the roots can reach 40 cm. This must be taken into account when planting.
The plant gives a good harvest within a year after planting.
Unlike other types of onions, the baton tolerates severe frosts well. An adult plant can withstand temperatures down to -30°C.
Unlike regular onions, spring onions have no bitterness. Its taste is milder.
Onion feathers contain 2 times more ascorbic acid compared to other varieties.
Greens tolerate high humidity well. For this reason, spring onions can be grown in places with close groundwater.

What does onion look like?

The plant can be distinguished from other varieties by the following external characteristics:

The onion has long green feathers. Their height reaches 40 cm, and their diameter is 2 cm. The feathers are hollow inside.
Unlike onion, the batun does not have a full-fledged bulb. This plant is grown only for its greenery. The batun bulb is small in size and elongated in shape.
In the second year after planting, the onion forms flower stalks that are shaped like small balls. You can collect seeds from them.

Harvest and storage

The first harvest is harvested after the feather reaches a length of 25-30 cm . 45 days after planting, the final harvest of succulent greenery is carried out. This usually happens at the end of March - in April, depending on the variety.

Green feathers are cut with a sharp knife at a level of 5 cm from the ground . The greens are placed in boxes or packed in perforated plastic film and stored in a cool place.

The frozen product is stored in the freezer for about a year . The green feather can be stored in the vegetable compartment of the refrigerator for a month.

Onions are suitable for drying in the oven, electric dryer and outdoors. Dry raw materials are stored in paper bags or glass containers for up to a year.

Onion varieties

The plant has several varieties. Onions are a perennial green that can be grown even in cold climates. For planting, you can choose one of the following varieties:

Green feather onion
. This variety is suitable for growing in any climatic conditions. The variety has a mild semi-sharp taste. The length of the feathers reaches 42 cm.

Onion-batun Russian size
. This variety has the largest feathers. They are not only added to salads, but also stuffed.

Emerald
. This variety was obtained by crossing onions and onions. It combines a mild flavor with a slight spiciness. The variety is highly resistant to frost, diseases and pests.

April
. The variety is distinguished by early germination and the ability to produce crops 3-4 times per season. This type of onion does not tolerate weeds, so it requires regular weeding.

Tenderness
. The variety has a mild taste without bitterness or pungency. The bushes have a small height, not exceeding 50 cm.

Suitable varieties

Late-ripening varieties are best suited for planting batun before winter . They produce greens in 150-180 days and are highly productive. From 1 sq. m manages to collect 2-3 kg of green feathers.

The best late-ripening varieties:

Maysky . Winter-hardy (withstands up to -45°C), highly branched. The leaves are dark green with a rich waxy coating. In spring, the feather grows late. From the moment of germination to full ripeness, 45-50 days pass. The plant throws out arrows up to half a meter high. In the second year it forms up to five stems. The taste is spicy, spicy, sweet.
Gribovsky . High-yielding, perennial, branched plant. Green feathers sprout slowly. The onion head is almost invisible from the ground. From the moment of sowing until the first greenery appears, 60-65 days pass. The leaves are erect, 40 cm long, falling without support. The taste is slightly spicy with a slight bitterness and a persistent onion smell.
Seryozha . The growing season is 80-110 days. The taste is semi-sharp. Green feathers are delicate, thin, sweet, up to 1.5 m high. The plant forms a white bulb.
Ishikura long white. The growing season is 100-110 days after germination. The stems are erect, up to 55 cm high, dark green in color with a strong waxy coating. False stem without anthocyanin coloration. The taste is pleasant, semi-sharp.
Early meal . The growing season is 100-110 days after germination. The stems are erect, 40-45 cm high, dark green in color with a faint waxy coating. The taste is sweetish, slightly spicy.

In Russia, the onion is often called “Tatar” , since it was brought by the Mongol-Tatars.

Planting onions

The plant can be planted in spring or mid-summer. The first harvest can be obtained the next year after planting. In order for the plant to take root on the site, you need to know how to plant onions:

Before planting, seeds should be soaked for 20 minutes. in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. This will help increase germination and protect the plant from pests. Then the seeds are left in clean water for a day.
The first shoots of onion are very tender and thin. To avoid damaging the plant when removing weeds, it is necessary to dig up the soil in advance and thoroughly clean it.
If the soil is clayey, it should be loosened and sand or wood ash added.
To plant seeds, it is necessary to form small furrows about 5 cm deep. The distance between them should be about 25 cm.
Onions should be planted in slightly moist soil. The seeds should be carefully distributed along the entire length of the furrow and covered with soil.
After planting, the area should be watered generously with clean, warm water.
If onions are planted in early spring, it is necessary to additionally mulch the area with pine needles or hay.

Planting by seeds

As an annual plant, spring onions are planted with seeds from the second half of April until mid-July inclusive. Before planting, it is recommended to treat the seeds in one of the following ways:

soak in water;
soak in a solution of microfertilizers;
carry out bubbling - wetting the seed with simultaneous air supply.

Growing onion is possible with seeds

This seed treatment reduces the time of germination (by more than a week) and increases yield by up to 30% of the total mass.

When processing seed, the following should be taken into account:

prevent seeds from pecking, which will significantly complicate sowing;
Sow treated seeds in moist soil, as they will die in dry soil.

You should know how to properly prepare the land where you plan to plant annual onions:

humus and mineral fertilizers are introduced into the soil;
In autumn, autumn tillage is carried out on the soil;
in the spring, before starting to plant onions, harrowing is carried out;
To retain moisture, deep loosening is done right before sowing the seeds.

Onion branches very strongly, forming a large number of hollow, dense leaves, and dense sowing allows you to grow thin, juicy, delicate feathers. By planting seeds densely, you can benefit from even seedlings and increased yield, but such planting makes caring for the plants much more difficult (in particular, it is difficult to loosen).

If during pre-winter planting thickening leads to a deterioration in quality and a decrease in yield, then during annual cultivation, onions, on the contrary, need to be planted densely - this is only beneficial.

How to care for onions?

The plant is unpretentious and does not require complex care. To get a good harvest, you need to know how to grow onions on your property:

When choosing the frequency of watering, you should focus on climatic conditions. The soil should not be allowed to dry out too much, as this will negatively affect the taste of the greens. During drought, you need to water the onion every 2-3 days. For a bountiful harvest, you can increase the frequency of watering to 5 times a week.
The plant is highly resistant to cold, so the onion does not need to be covered for the winter. With the onset of autumn, the plant enters the sleep phase.
After each watering it is necessary to loosen the soil. This will help saturate the soil with air.
After the first shoots appear, they should be thinned out. Some of the greenery is removed, leaving a distance of 2-3 cm between the sprouts.
If the spring onion is planted in the spring, the lower feathers must be trimmed in mid-summer.
It is important to regularly weed and remove weeds.

How to feed onions?

The yield depends on the quantity and quality of fertilizers, so you need to know how to feed onions in spring and summer:

After the first shoots appear, you need to apply Ammofoska fertilizer. The granules should be mixed with the soil when loosening. Feeding consumption is 15 g/m².
Onion is very sensitive to the content of microelements in the soil. Manganese is especially important for the plant. Due to it, a large amount of ascorbic acid is formed in feathers. To saturate the onion with microelements, it is necessary to add wood ash as a fertilizer. The garden bed is sprinkled with it 2-3 times a month.
Organic fertilizers need to be applied periodically. The mullein solution must be mixed with water in a ratio of 1:25. Fertilizer is applied at the root.
To form lush and abundant greenery, complex fertilizers are used. They are introduced at the beginning of summer. You can use the compositions “Agricola”, “Baikal” or “Fertika”.
To increase soil fertility, you can use folk remedies. It is useful to water onion with tea infusion. You can make your own nutritious yeast feed. 10 g of dry yeast should be mixed with 10 liters of water, add 50 g of sugar and 200 g of wood ash. The solution must be mixed thoroughly and left in a dry place for 2 days. Then the mixture is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:5 and watered over the onion.

How to prepare for landing

Preparatory measures begin several weeks before the expected sowing date. The first thing to do is to carefully dig up the area and clear the soil of various plant debris. After this, you need to determine the acidity of the soil, for this you should use a special litmus indicator.

Acidified soil is fertilized with oil shale ash or lime until neutral (pH 6–7); alkaline soils do not need pH leveling. To improve productivity, the area under future beds is well fertilized, using complex mineral fertilizers (ammophoska, urea, ammonium nitrate, etc.). Immediately before sowing, the seeds should also be prepared.

Important! The best predecessors for batun are potatoes, tomatoes and cabbage. You should not sow the crop after garlic, cucumbers or other representatives of onions.

To avoid damage to young seedlings by fungi, the seed material is sterilized. To do this, the seeds are soaked for 20–30 minutes in 2% potassium permanganate or 5–10 minutes in 70% alcohol, then the seeds are well dried at room temperature. After this, the area is dug up well again, and you can proceed to sowing the crop.

Onion on the windowsill

Self-grown crops are environmentally friendly and have excellent taste. To always have fresh herbs on hand, you should plant onions on the windowsill. Growing from seeds at home is carried out as follows:

Planting takes place in April or March.
For planting, it is necessary to prepare a container with a height of at least 15 cm. A drainage layer of pebbles should be arranged at the bottom.
Any soil is suitable for growing spring onions. The main condition is weak acidity.
To increase the nutritional value of the soil, you can add wood ash at the rate of 200 g per 10 liters of soil.
Seeds must be planted to a depth of 1.5 cm. They should be lightly sprinkled with loose soil on top. Immediately after planting, the soil is sprayed with clean water using a spray bottle.
Cover the container with soil with film or glass and put it in a warm place.
After the first shoots appear, the protective coating can be removed. The seedlings can be left in a room at a temperature of about +18°C.
Spring onions do not tolerate a lack of light, so the pots should be placed on the south side of the window. It is best to grow greens on the balcony.
The plant requires good lighting for 12 hours. If there is a lack of light, you can use special phytolamps.
Spring onions love regular watering with warm, settled water. The plant requires air humidity of 70-75%. To maintain the optimal level, you can place several mugs of water near the containers with onions.

What varieties of perennial onions should be chosen for planting?

The following onion varieties are recognized as the best, most effective and high-yielding:

early ripening semi-sharp - April, Saladny 35, Seryozha;
mid-season semi-sharp - Baia Verde, Russian winter;
late-ripening spicy - Maisky.

The choice will affect the time you receive the first green. If you give preference to early varieties, then fresh feathers can be eaten 1-1.5 months after sowing the seeds.

Onion propagation

You can get a new plant using seeds or by dividing the bush. It is better to use the second method, which will help not only propagate greenery, but also rejuvenate the old bush. Division is carried out in mid or late summer. To know how to propagate spring onions, you need to familiarize yourself with the following rules:

The division of the bush is carried out in mid-summer.
It is necessary to carefully dig up the onion without damaging the root system.
A large bush is divided into several parts, each of which must have at least 3 bulbs.
To stimulate root growth, they should be cut back by a third.
Young bushes are planted at a distance of 20-25 cm from each other. Planting must be done in moist soil.
After planting, the onion bush should be watered with warm, clean water.

Features of care

The culture requires minimal self-care. The most common procedure is watering; it is carried out regularly so that the soil does not dry out. If there is insufficient rainfall, watering is carried out 3-4 times a week; in case of good and frequent rains, it is reduced to 1-2 procedures. The next day after watering, be sure to carry out thorough weeding to a depth of about 5–7 cm.

The procedure makes it possible to protect crops from the development of weeds, as well as saturate the soil with freely available oxygen. Loosening is carried out no more than 1-2 times a week, otherwise the soil under the crop will dry out. During weeding, thinning should also be carried out; this is done so that a space of about 5–7 cm is maintained between individual bushes.

Fertilizing of plantings is carried out at least twice, after sowing plants in open soil and 2 weeks after the appearance of the first shoots. To do this, you can use a solution of cow manure (1:10) or chicken manure (1:15). As an alternative, a mixture of 10 kg of compost and 150 g of ammophosphate is also added per 1 m² of beds.

Find out more about how to properly water onions.

How to transplant onions to a new place?

The plant is a perennial species. Onion can grow in the same place for 10 years, but already in the 5th year its yield drops. Because of this, perennial onions must be replanted regularly. They do this as follows:

The best time to transplant is mid or late summer.
The onion bush needs to be dug up and the roots trimmed.
You can combine transplantation with reproduction. To do this, each bush is divided into several parts.
The bulbs should be planted in a row so that there is a distance of 20-25 cm between them.

Care after landing

Onion is a moisture-loving crop, so the soil should be moistened regularly.

As soon as the first feathers appear, the onion must:

thin out the plant;
treat with a growth stimulator;
regularly, especially after rains, weed and loosen the soil;
water moderately every other day;
cut off onion feathers as soon as they grow more than 15 cm.

Since this is a perennial crop, it is necessary to remove old plants and plant new ones every year. Renewal is necessary to increase productivity.

Despite the fact that Tatarka retains its productivity for 10 years, it is recommended to renew the beds every 5 years.

The first year after planting, onions do not require intensive feeding; they can only be lightly sprinkled with ash.

Advice! In the first year, it is not recommended to cut off the leaves of the onion; this will help it survive the first winter well and get stronger.

Why doesn't onion sprout?

Compliance with the rules of care and planting affects the quality of the crop. How onions sprout also depends on the soil. The plant needs light and nutritious soil. The fertility of the soil affects how many spring onions sprout. On average, about 2 weeks pass from planting to the appearance of sprouts. If sprouts do not appear for a long time, you need to do the following:

Loosen the soil. The seeds need light soil so that the sprouts can break through the top layer of soil.
Provide the required temperature. The plant loves warmth, so the area with the planted seeds can be covered with film.
If the soil is acidic, it is necessary to add lime in an amount of 200-300 g/m².

Transplant technology

Transplanting the baton begins with preparing the site and seedlings. The plant transplantation procedure itself is quite simple and does not require special knowledge and skills.

Preparatory work

Onions grow best in open ground after cabbage, tomatoes, peas, beans, squash, zucchini, eggplant, lupine, flax, and oats. It is not recommended to grow the crop after carrots, garlic and onions.

The selected area is dug up, loosened and, if necessary, soil fertility is increased. Batun prefers breathable and nutritious soil with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction (pH = 6.5-7.5) . The ideal soil for the crop is loam and sandy loam.

Heavy, clogged soil is loosened with sand - 3 kg per 1 sq. m. Wood ash (200 g per 1 sq. m) normalizes the pH level and enriches the soil, which is poor in nutrients.

Step-by-step instructions for transplantation

The onion plantation is inspected and strong and healthy nests are dug out. They are then divided into individual stems (puppies), which are used as seedlings.

Each stem is checked for the presence of onion fly larvae. Seedlings with reddish spots on white stems are discarded. Healthy planting material should be free of rotten and damaged areas, the legs should be white, without colored inclusions.

The roots are cut by a quarter, the green feathers are shortened by half to prevent moisture evaporation during the process of rooting and adaptation to a new place.

Seating is done using the strip method, placing planting material every 20-25 cm, maintaining a width of 40-45 cm between rows.

In the prepared beds, holes are made with a wooden peg and seedlings are scattered 1-2 at a time. in one hole. The legs are sprinkled with earth and compacted. There is no need to water the area.

Reference. The harvest of young onions after autumn transplantation is harvested in April.

Experienced summer residents advise using the bridge planting method - placing the children close to each other and covering them with sawdust or earth mixed with humus 2:1. The height of the embankment is 2-3 cm. Subject to the rules of agricultural technology, from 1 sq. m. m manage to collect about 15 kg of greens.

Why does onion grow poorly?

If the sprouts are slowly gaining strength, action must be taken. How onion grows is influenced by temperature conditions, composition and acidity of the soil. To help the plant form feathers faster, you should:

Apply fertilizers containing nitrogen. You can use Azofoska fertilizer. Consumption is 2 tbsp. spoons of granules per m².
If a bush grows in one place for a long time, it needs to be rejuvenated by transplanting.
Spring onions may not grow well due to pest infestation. The most common parasite is the onion fly. To destroy it, you need to sprinkle the beds with a mixture of tobacco dust, red pepper and ash.

Why and when to replant onions in the fall

Onion is a perennial plant. It is grown to produce a juicy green with a mild taste and a slight onion aroma.

Sowing of batun is carried out traditionally by seed method. The seedling method is considered one of the most reliable and reduces the risk of developing infectious diseases.

Increased frost resistance allows for winter sowing of batun to obtain greenery in early spring.

An annual autumn transplant to a new location is carried out in order to rejuvenate the plant and prevent the spread of onion fly. In dense plantings, favorable conditions develop for the proliferation of the pest, which is quite difficult to get rid of. The time for transplantation is late August-early September.

Why does onion turn yellow?

The cause may be a lack or excess of fertilizers, pest infestation and improper watering. You need to know what measures to take if the onion turns yellow, what to do and how to save the plant:

Carefully inspect the sprouts for pests. To destroy parasites, you can use insecticidal preparations “Prestige”, “Respect” or “Fitoverm”.
If fertilizing has not been applied previously, it is necessary to saturate the soil with fertilizers. For this, ammonium nitrate is used: 55 g is diluted in 10 liters of water and watered onion.

How to choose a landing site

Onions love fertile soils and a huge amount of light, therefore, in order to achieve high crop yields, sowing should be carried out on well-fertilized chernozems, loamy or sandy loam soils. To achieve instant spring shoots, the area for crops should be located in the south. Here the soil warms up the fastest, which speeds up the appearance of the first harvest. The ideal area for planting beds should be away from tall vegetation or any obstructions, and there should be no draft in the planting area.

Why does the onion go to the arrow?

This often happens due to the wrong choice of seeds. You need to know what to do if the onion shoots, what to do to prevent shooting:

When planting, you should carefully select the seeds. It is better to plant small and medium-sized ones.
Planting material should be purchased in specialized stores. Large producers treat the seeds with a special compound to prevent the formation of shoots.
On an adult plant, it is necessary to cut off the bunches with arrows. This will help reduce the frequency of their formation.

How to properly prepare seeds?

The preparation of Tatarka seeds occurs in several stages:

Calibration _ Soak in saline solution 1:10. Remove low-quality seeds - they will float to the surface.
Treatment . Rinse the remaining seeds thoroughly and let dry a little.
Disinfection . Soak in a weak solution of manganese. Keep for 20-30 minutes.
Growth activation . Soak the seeds in the growth stimulator solution for about 7-8 hours.

Attention ! The name of the drug for growth activation does not play a special role. Any solution for garden crops is perfect here. For example, Ekoriz No. 1, ExtraFlor. They are safe and have many positive reviews.

The spring onion has bloomed - what to do?

As the plant grows, it produces flowers that produce seeds. If the spring onion, which is grown in a summer cottage or at home, has bloomed, it is necessary to remove the upper parts of the feathers. This will help prevent seeds from forming. Timely removal of flowers will make it possible to harvest more crops. If the spring onion blooms too quickly, it is necessary to reduce the frequency of watering.

When and how to plant onions, all about the main principles of cultivation

Growing spring onions does not require high-cost planting technologies. The culture is very easily propagated by planting bushes and seeds.

It is better to sow onion seeds in the second decade of spring, when the soil has warmed up sufficiently. In summer or early autumn, you can harvest a full onion harvest.

The place of onions in crop rotation assumes a sequence after legumes; you should not plant the crop after tomatoes, as the risk of infection with fungal diseases doubles.

Onion crops prefer turf soils rich in humus and low in acidity. They grow poorly in poor and clay soils.

If the soil on your site does not meet the requirements, then the solution to the problem will be to artificially enrich the soil, on heavy loams with rotted organic matter and peat; the composition of sandy soil can be corrected by adding chernozem to it.

For planting spring onions, the site is prepared in the fall or a week before sowing. Mineral fertilizers and rotted organic matter are applied to the soil, acidic soils are limed, and the optimal pH level is considered to be 6.5-7.5 units. Afterwards, the area is dug up, harrowed, and beds are formed with a distance of about 30 cm between them.

The sowing norm for onion seeds is considered to be one and a half grams per square meter of plot, to a depth of about two centimeters.

The composition of the soil for seedlings grown at home differs little from the composition of open ground. The composition for seedlings can be mixed in the following proportions: rotted manure and garden soil are mixed 1:1, add 150 grams. ash, 120g. superphosphate and mix again. To avoid diseases of young onion plants, the soil should be moistened with a strong solution of potassium permanganate.

Further care

After onion transplantation, no winter maintenance procedures are necessary. In the spring, after the snow melts, the plant begins intensive forcing of young greenery.

Agricultural technology is aimed at thinning thickened plantings (if necessary), fertilizing with growth stimulants “Epin”, “Zircon”, watering, and caring for beds.

Basic rules for caring for the trampoline:

Watering is carried out as necessary. At first, the young plant has enough melt water. Next, the gardener sets the watering schedule based on weather conditions. The soil is spilled to a depth of 20 cm. In dry weather, the onions are watered every other day. The standard frequency of watering is twice a week at the root.
The beds are regularly loosened after rain and watering. Weeding of weeds is carried out as they grow, preventing rooting.
as top dressing , which also protects the crop from insects. A solution of mullein (1:10) or chicken manure (1:15) is suitable for watering the beds. Ready-made complex fertilizers “Vegeta”, “Agricola-O”, “Effecton” are popular.
The complex of care procedures includes onion diseases

The plant is susceptible to downy mildew (peronospora). Signs of the disease are a gray-purple moldy coating on the greens and stunted growth.

Onion plantings are often affected by rust. The disease manifests itself in the form of round spots of rich yellow color. The marketability of green feathers is deteriorating, leaf blades are dying, and yields are falling. For prevention and treatment, copper sulfate, “HOM”, “Oxychom”, and a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture are used. The plantings are treated 2-3 times.

The spring onion becomes the subject of attacks by the onion leaf beetle. Greens are eaten by both larvae and adults.

The onion weevil makes punctures and feeds on plant juices. The larvae gnaw through greens and feed on plant tissue.

Onion fly larvae eat the bulbs, causing the green mass to wither and turn yellow.

The onion secretive proboscis overwinters in unharvested weeds and the top layer of soil. The pest comes to the surface after the snow melts and destroys young greenery.

Toxic chemicals are not used to treat the transplanted baton. Substances harmful to humans accumulate in feathers, causing further poisoning of the body.

The development of infectious diseases of batun is easier to prevent than to deal with the consequences. Prevention is based on:

compliance with crop rotation, watering and loosening regimes;
increasing soil fertility;
timely removal of weeds, diseased and dead plants;
planting healthy seedlings (children);
mulching the soil with peat, sawdust, covering with agrofibre.