Apple tree variety Richard: description and characteristics, agricultural technology of cultivation and care, photo

History of variety development

There is no single version about the origin or selection of the Richard variety. According to some sources, it was discovered by accident, according to others, it was bred by a German clergyman. The stories agree on some points: the plant’s homeland is Germany, its date of origin is the beginning of the 19th century. Richard is loved by farmers in East Germany and Poland, and does well in southern Russia and Ukraine.

Did you know? The long-lived apple tree, planted in the middle of the 17th century, still bears fruit. This miracle is growing in the USA.

Chemical composition and application

The pulp of the fruit is yellowish in color, quite tender and juicy. The taste is characterized as sweet with a slight spicy aftertaste and slight sourness. The fruits contain a sufficient amount of vitamin C as well as antioxidants.

The fiber contained in apples can stimulate intestinal motility and reduce the risk of cancer. In addition, ripe fruits are good for the prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system, for weight loss and for reducing cholesterol levels.

Description and characteristics of the variety

Unlike most self-fertile varieties of apple trees, Richard is partially self-fertile. This means that, needing pollinators, it itself will serve as one for other varieties.

Description of the tree and fruits

The tree grows on average up to 3 m, forms a dense crown in the shape of a hemisphere. The shoots are thick, strong, covered with gray, smooth bark. The foliage is dark green, with a smooth surface, and medium in size. Large, from 180 to 230 g, cone-shaped fruits have slight ribbing in the area of the upper pit. The color of the apple is burgundy-red almost over the entire surface; in the area of the upper pit there may be a yellow color. Light dots are clearly visible under the shiny skin. The color of the pulp is yellow-creamy, the consistency is dense, the taste is sweet, juicy, with a small amount of acid.

Pollination, fruiting and ripening period

Richard blooms in early May and blooms for a long time. The best varieties for cross-pollination with similar flowering times are Idared and Jonathan. The apple tree begins to bear fruit at 3–4 years of age; apples ripen at the end of September or at the beginning of October.

Productivity of the variety

The tree bears fruit consistently, annually. 70–90 kg of fruit are picked from one tree.

We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the winter varieties of apple trees:

Pros and cons of the variety

And yet, it’s not for nothing that the Richard apple tree is considered a favorite among many, because it:

produces a stable harvest from year to year, which can be increased with the help of pollinators;
is itself a pollinator;
has excellent taste and presentation of fruits that can be transported without damage;
universal in the use of apples;
It has a long shelf life (up to 7 months).

Among the shortcomings that prevent the variety from leading among modern hybrids is insufficient winter hardiness. As for weak immunity, this can be combated by promptly treating trees against fungi and pests.

Features and rules of landing

It is better to purchase planting material from trusted suppliers or nurseries. A seedling purchased from a random seller on a spontaneous market may be of poor quality.

Important! The close proximity of an apple tree to sea buckthorn is undesirable: this aggressive tree will inhibit the apple root system.

Favorable growing conditions

Planting is done in early spring or in autumn, when leaf fall begins. For the apple tree, select a place in the southern direction of the site, closed from the winds and open to the sun most of the day. The soil is preferably fertile, with neutral acidity, and drained. The location of underground sources should be 1.5 m from the surface. The distance to other trees is 5–7 m.

Planting stages

The dimensions of the planting hole for Richard are 80x80x100 cm. Planting technology:

Brick fragments are placed at the bottom of the hole as drainage.
Part of the soil mixed with a bucket of humus is poured on top.
Install the support peg.
Place the seedling so that the growth point is above the upper level of the edge of the hole.
Sprinkle the roots with the remaining soil, tamping lightly so that there are no air voids.
Water using 20 liters of water and mulch with peat or straw.

Video: instructions for planting an apple tree seedling

Apple tree Richard - description of the variety, photos, reviews

Apples are the most common fruit in our country. In Russia, a special love for apples is due to the ability to easily grow a large harvest of ripe fruits, as well as preserve them for a long time.

Apple fruits are not only consumed fresh, but also serve as raw materials in cooking in the preparation of a variety of dishes and fortified drinks. Apples contain all the beneficial substances that have a beneficial effect on the human body, regardless of age.

Features of the variety

The Richard apple tree is grown quite rarely by domestic amateur gardeners. A description of this variety is not easy to find.

According to some reports, the variety appeared by chance and was found two centuries ago in the territory of Kerkhow near Wittenburg in Germany.

Judging by other historical sources, the variety did not have a random origin, but was bred in Kerkhove through the efforts of Pastor Kliphot.

In Russia, seedlings of this variety are known as “Richard Yellow”. The variety of apple trees "Richard" is a favorite among gardeners in East Prussia. In addition, this particular variety is common for cultivation on an industrial scale in Germany.

The advantages of the variety are represented by good taste, long shelf life of fruits, and high resistance to diseases.

Description of the variety

Fruit trees of this variety have moderate growth vigor and frost resistance. The crown on the tree is translucent, high and spherical. Fruit plantings of the "Richard" variety are quite demanding in terms of cultivation conditions.

The plant needs heavy, slightly damp soil and moist air. In addition, the place where seedlings are planted should be protected as much as possible from gusts of wind.

Cultivation of the variety using light and dry soil is allowed only if there is an artificial irrigation system.

The trees begin to bear fruit quite late and produce a moderate harvest. The flowering period is medium early, quite long. The apples are graceful, symmetrically built, and of medium size.

Quite often there are large-sized fruits with slight ribbing, which is formed on one edge. The shape can be defined as truncated conical. The fruits are characterized by single-caliber.

Apples on trees do not hold very firmly, which is especially noticeable in the autumn. As the botanical stage of ripeness approaches, the fruits easily fall off at the slightest gust of wind.

The stalks are thick and short, not protruding beyond the deep funnel. The skin of the fruit is slightly aromatic, smooth, very thin and has a pale yellow color. On sunny days, the fruits may acquire a slight blush.

The seed material is quite small.

In unfavorable weather conditions, significant damage to plants by scab is observed.

Chemical composition and application

The fiber contained in apples can stimulate intestinal motility and reduce the risk of cancer. In addition, ripe fruits are good for the prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system, for weight loss and for reducing cholesterol levels.

Rules for planting and care

Growing an apple tree of this variety requires experience in gardening. It is very important to correctly determine the landing site. The plant is very demanding of soil and may die in dry summers or in conditions of depleted soil.

The seedlings are planted in standard planting holes, which must be prepared at least a week before planting. High-quality soil should be as moist as possible. In order to facilitate standard care, it is recommended to use special irrigation systems for watering fruit trees.

Harvesting and storage

The ripening of the fruits of this variety is quite friendly. The removable period occurs in the first ten days of autumn. You should take into account the fact that apples fall off quite easily, so it is not recommended to delay the collection of ripe fruits.

How to trim an apple tree (video)

In the southern regions, it is advisable to carry out a massive harvest in mid-August. The signal for harvesting is the lightening and slight yellowing of the green peel on the apples. The collected fruits can be preserved until mid-October, and sometimes more, if the storage rules and temperature conditions in the apple storage are observed.

Apple variety Richard

Apples are considered one of the most widespread crops. They are eaten with pleasure fresh, and also prepared in the form of dried fruits, preserves, jams or compotes. Apple tree Richard fully meets all these requirements. It is unpretentious, but produces tasty fruits that are eaten fresh and stored for the winter.

Features of care

Apple tree care includes watering, fertilizing, pruning, and preventative treatments. It is equally important to keep the soil around the trunk clean, removing weeds that inhibit the crop.

Watering

If there is sufficient rainfall, the apple tree needs watering 3-4 times a season. For high-quality moistening, a ditch for irrigation is dug around the trunk at a distance of 30–40 cm. A young plant 3–4 years old will require up to 30 liters of water, and an adult plant – up to 50 liters. Pre-winter moisture-charging irrigation is carried out in late autumn, but before the first frost.

Pruning and crown formation

In the spring, before the buds swell, sanitary pruning is carried out, removing shoots damaged during the winter. Formative pruning of an annual tree consists of creating a frame consisting of 4 skeletal shoots around one thick branch (conductor). As they grow, each year, the fruiting branches are shortened by a third of their length. Weak shoots are removed, leaving promising branches for further crown formation. The guide, which is initially longer than all the shoots, is cut out when the tree reaches the height desired by the gardener.

Formation and pruning of fruit trees

Fertilizer

Root fertilizers are applied in liquid form to a ditch dug for irrigation. During the spring, two procedures are needed:

immediately after waking up, you can add organic matter (water infusion of mullein in a ratio of 1:10);
at the beginning of flowering, a water infusion of urea (30 g/10 l of water).

When the apple tree forms fruit ovaries, it will need potassium-phosphorus fertilizer, which consists of 20 g of potassium sulfate and superphosphate per 10 liters of water, which is sprayed onto the tree leaf by leaf.
In autumn, the same fertilizers are applied to the soil in dry form, doubling the dosage for every 1 m². Important! Nitrogen is not added to the apple tree for autumn digging, as it will have a negative effect on flower and fruit ovaries next year.

Characteristics and features of growing the Richard apple tree

Apples are the most common fruit in our country. In Russia, a special love for apples is due to the ability to easily grow a large harvest of ripe fruits, as well as preserve them for a long time.

Tree diseases and their control

Given the average resistance of the variety to diseases and pest attacks, the gardener needs to know his enemy by sight.

Problems of growing apple trees and methods of dealing with them:

Fruit rot. The fungus attacks foliage and fruits, causing rotting. Spraying the plant with Bordeaux mixture (3%) will help cure the plant.
Scab. It appears in early spring; if not treated immediately, the fruits will be affected. Primary symptoms: light green spots on the outer surface of the leaf. Treatment: spraying with Gamair (10 tablets per 10 liters of water).
Powdery mildew. A whitish coating appears on the green parts of the plant, which quickly spreads throughout the tree. The drug “Alirin-B” helps fight the disease; you need to water the soil in the tree trunk circle with a solution at the rate of 2 tablets per 10 liters of water.
Aphid. The danger of the pest lies in its extreme fecundity; within a few days, an entire colony of insects will destroy the foliage and flowers. The microscopic insect settles on the underside of the leaf and in the axils of the branches. The drug "Actellik" is effective against the parasite; spraying is carried out with its solution (2 ml/2 l of water).
codling moth is a moth-like butterfly, gray-brown in color, up to 2 cm in length. Treatment method: spraying with Aktara (3 g/10 l of water).
Fruit sawfly - Hymenoptera, up to 7 mm in length, black-brown in color. Lays eggs in apple fruits.
Moth - a shaggy butterfly up to 3 cm in length, silvery-brown. An adult insect lays eggs on an apple tree, and the hatched caterpillars eat the greenery of the tree. The drug “Agravertin” will help get rid of both insects; the spraying solution is prepared in the proportion of 6 ml/1 l of water.
Read also: Is it worth planting Bull's forehead tomatoes, the pros and cons of the variety

Apple tree variety Richard photo and description of the variety

The most common fruit on Russian territory is, of course, apples. Such popularity in our country is not accidental.

After all, what fruit trees are grown without problems? How to get a decent harvest and preserve it for a long time? Apples contain many useful elements that have a beneficial effect on the human body of any age.

When choosing a crop variety to plant on your site, it is recommended to take a closer look at the Richard apple tree.

Description and characteristics of the variety

Domestic amateur gardeners do not often give preference to this apple tree. After all, even with access to the Internet, it is difficult to find the characteristics of the Richard variety. According to some information, this fruit crop appeared by chance. It was discovered 2 centuries ago in a place located near Wittenburg, Germany.

If you delve deeper into the chronicle, the Richard apple variety did not arise on its own. He was brought out by Pastor Klifot in Kerkhove.

In Russia, this variety is known as Richard Yellow. In Germany, apples of this variety are grown on a large scale. The following advantages speak in favor of this choice:

the fruits are endowed with excellent taste and juiciness;
the immune system of trees makes it easy to resist various diseases;
the crop is stored for a long period.

The fruit crop of the Richard variety is characterized by a moderate growth rate and resistance to Russian frosts.

The crown turns out to be translucent, high and spherical. Plants are demanding on soil. They need heavy, slightly damp soil, as well as air humidity. In addition to these conditions, the site for planting seedlings is selected so that they are protected from the wind by bushes and other trees.

If gardeners plan to grow a crop on light and dry soil, then it is necessary to install an artificial irrigation system to the roots.

The fruits grow of medium size, elegant and symmetrical in shape. Sometimes you even come across large specimens in which slight ribbing is noticeable, usually forming on one side. The shape of the fruit is rather conical with a slight truncation.

The attachment of apples to tree branches cannot be called strong. This fact is especially noticeable in the fall, when the fruits easily fall even from a slight breeze.

Fruits have the following external features:

the presence of thick and short stalks;
peel with a slight aroma, smooth surface and pale yellow color;
appearance of blush on the side where more sunlight fell;
small seeds

If unfavorable weather conditions have been observed throughout the summer, the tree may be slightly damaged by scab.

Flowering and fruiting times

Flowering time is mid-early and long. Fruiting in Richard apple trees occurs quite late - 5 years after planting the seedlings. The harvest amount is moderate. No periodicity in fruit ripening was observed.

Resistance to frost, diseases and pests

In favorable, not very rainy weather, apple trees are resistant to infections and diseases, including scab. The ability to survive winter cold is also at a high level.

Harvest and storage

Apples of the Richard variety are harvested slightly unripe for better storage. The fruit is cut off along with the petiole or part of it. The fruits dried in the fresh air are placed in wooden boxes and stored in a dry, dark place, where they can be stored for up to six months.

Storage mode:

humidity - 85–90%;
temperature - 0...+2°С.

Did you know? On Mount Kok-Tyube (Almaty) there is a monument to an apple made of marble.

Every year, the apple variety Richard pleases gardeners with stable fruiting. Fragrant and juicy fruits are delicious both fresh and prepared.

Productivity of the variety

Richard apples ripen quite smoothly. The harvest period is set for the first half of September. Due to the fact that the fruits easily end up under the tree from any breeze, it is recommended not to delay the period of fruit harvesting.

In regions located in the southern regions of Russia, it is advisable to begin harvesting activities in mid-August. To be on the safe side, you can look at the shades of the apple peel. If it has lightened and slightly yellowed, this is a good signal to start picking apples.

Apple variety Richard

Apple variety Richard.

History of variety development

There is no exact opinion on where and how the Richard apple tree variety was bred. Some say that it was found by accident, while other sources indicate that the creators were priests from Germany. There is not even an exact date, only an approximate one - the beginning of the 19th century.

Description and characteristics

An apple tree of medium height with a wide crown. It can bear fruit quite abundantly, the fruits are not large and do not stick well to the tree.

Description of the tree and fruits

The tree is not tall, about 3 meters in height. The hemispherical crown is quite dense, with thick shoots and a large number of bright green leaves. The apple tree grows moderately.

The fruits are medium-sized, sometimes even large, and pleasant to the taste. Their color is red with a burgundy tint and white dots in places. The skin is hard and shiny, the flesh is dense, juicy, sweet with sourness. The shape is regular, in the form of a truncated cone.

Advantages and disadvantages

It is worth listing in more detail a number of positive properties that the variety has. Among them:

stable and moderate harvest;
decent shelf life;
the possibility of using the variety as a pollinator;
taste and commercial qualities of fruits.

The disadvantage is that winter hardiness is not as high as we would like. Due to recurrent frosts, young shoots often suffer, and even cracks or frost holes may appear on large branches in cold winter conditions.

Features and rules of landing

There are several requirements that relate to planting crops. There are few of them, and they are very simple, but they require execution.

Favorable conditions

In order for the Richard apple tree to develop normally, it needs to provide certain conditions on the site:

The place should be sunny and protected from strong winds.
The soil must be fertile and non-acidic.
The distance to groundwater is at least 1.5 meters and drainage is required.
Between the trees on the site there is a distance of 7 meters to the next one. But if there are fruit bushes nearby, then this figure can be reduced to 5 meters.

The process of planting an apple tree.

If these conditions are met, the apple tree will feel comfortable.

Planting steps and instructions

Planting is carried out according to an algorithm familiar to gardeners. Prepared and fertilized loose soil should be as moist as possible. In a pre-prepared hole you need:

install drainage;
make a mound of nutrient soil;
install a peg that will serve as a support;
place the seedling, straightening the roots;
sprinkle with soil and water;
mulch the tree trunk circle.

Pruning and crown formation

Two procedures - sanitary pruning and crown formation can and should be combined. Pruning is carried out from the first year of life. First, they make a frame, forming skeletal shoots. After this, it will be necessary to remove only weak, damaged and inward-growing branches.

Fertilizer

Feeding is carried out several times during the season. Most often, fertilizers are applied at the root, diluted with water. In the spring, the procedure is carried out twice. The first time is immediately after the apple tree wakes up.

You will need a solution of organic matter, mullein or urea. The second time is when the fruits are formed. Potassium and phosphorus are used for this. These fertilizing can be carried out on the leaf or in the ground.

In the fall, organic matter is added to the tree trunk to feed the apple tree.

Apple tree fertilizer.

Conclusion

Richard is a universal variety. It will delight you with fresh taste and quality, and is suitable for jam. The apple tree itself, although it looks quite impressive, is unpretentious and adapts well to different living conditions.

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Source: https://NaYablone.ru/sorta-yablon/rihard

Characteristics and description of the Richard apple tree variety, frost resistance and application

The most common fruit on Russian territory is, of course, apples. Such popularity in our country is not accidental.

When choosing a crop variety to plant on your site, it is recommended to take a closer look at the Richard apple tree.

Apple tree Richard description photo reviews

Apple trees are grown, probably, in every garden in our country, since they are one of the most unpretentious garden crops. Today's article is devoted to the unfairly forgotten ancient variety Richard, its description and cultivation.