Resistant and productive variety of table potatoes “Vector” from Belarusian breeders

Description of the variety

Getting acquainted with the Vector potato variety should begin with a description of the characteristics of the vegetable and reviews from gardeners. This is the most significant information for those who want to plant a variety on their site. The consumer qualities of Vector potatoes are quite high, so its cultivation is very profitable.

Potatoes "Vector" are varieties of Belarusian selection. It is distinguished by good disease resistance and the ability to bear fruit in regions with different climates and soil composition. According to the description, sod-podzolic and swamp-peat soil is best suited for planting Vector potatoes, but on other soils the variety also gives a good harvest. “Vector” was obtained by crossing the species “Zarevo” and “1977-78”.

The description of the Vector potato variety should begin with the parameters of the bush. The plant is medium-sized, semi-erect. The leaves are small, dark green in color, the flowers are purple. There are 10-15 inflorescences on one plant. The variety does not respond well to thickening. Despite the average size of the bush, you should strictly follow the pattern when planting Vector potatoes.

In terms of ripening time, the “Vector” potato variety is classified as medium-late. Tuber formation ends 85-110 days after planting.

Productivity is an important characteristic when describing Vector potatoes. Up to 14-15 high-quality tubers are formed on one plant. The average yield in the fields is 45 t/ha, and under favorable conditions it increases to 70 t/ha. The tubers are medium in size, pink in color, oval in shape. The weight of one is 120 g. The eyes on root vegetables are shallow, in small quantities. The peel is brown, dense.

The taste qualities of Vector potatoes are highly valued. According to a five-point system, they are rated at 4.6 points. The pulp of the tubers is hard, but has good juiciness and does not darken during heat treatment. This allows the table variety to be used for various culinary purposes. Despite the fact that Vector potatoes get a little mushy when cooked, the tubers are excellent for making chips.

The next worthy characteristic is that Vector potatoes store well. Waste during the winter is no more than 5%.

The variety exhibits high resistance to late blight, viral infections, common scab, Alternaria, and the causative agent of cancer. However, it can suffer from striped and wrinkled mosaics and leaf curling. Among the pests, the most dangerous is the golden cyst nematode.

Features of cultivation

If you follow all the rules for caring for potatoes, you can be very pleased with the yield.

You need to pay attention to the selection of tubers for planting. Choose a medium size, regular round shape and with many eyes

It is necessary to ensure that all tubers are healthy and not damaged by pests. Such planting material has a high probability of producing strong shoots.

The most favorable time for planting Vector is the end of May. The ripening of the harvest can only be expected in the fall. There are ways to speed up the growth of bushes. For this:

• place the selected planting material in dry boxes;
• wait about a week until sprouts appear from the eyes;
• after that you can send them for landing.

For effective growth of bushes, it is necessary to prepare the ground. Clear future beds of litter and other grass

For better cultivation, pay attention to the soil; it should be loamy, slightly acidic, or at least neutral. Black soil and sandy loam are quite suitable

Using soil prepared in the fall will improve the conditions for the development of sprouts. Dig holes at a distance of 15 centimeters and a depth of at least ten. Before placing the selected material in the holes, fertilize them.

Landing rules:

1. Tubers must be placed in the holes with their sprouts facing up.
2. Cover them with earth.
3. Pour in a liter of water.

If the planting technology has not been disrupted, then the sprouts should appear simultaneously. During the initial two to three weeks, the most important thing is to allow the vegetables to properly develop the above-ground part of the sprouts. To do this, you need land constantly:

• weed;
• loosen;
• moisturize.

There is no need to constantly water the bushes, right up until the first flowers appear. Only after this the roots need constant moisture and feeding.

Already with the first hilling, you can carry out the first fertilizing. It's very easy to prepare. Add one tablespoon of urea to a ten-liter bucket. Then water each bush with the prepared solution, half a liter per plant. It is not necessary to feed the crop if the tubers are planted on fertilized soil.

Advantages and disadvantages

It is better to group the main characteristics of the Vector potato variety using a table. This will increase visibility and make it easier to perceive information.

The list of advantages of the variety is much larger than the list of disadvantages, which is why the “Vector” potato variety is very popular among vegetable lovers. To get a high-quality harvest in large volumes, you need to plant correctly.

Features of cultivation

Planting material needs to be given special attention. After all, the future harvest directly depends on the size, quality and condition of the tubers.

There is an opinion that small potatoes can grow into large tubers; this is a misconception. To get a good harvest:

1. Tubers need to be chosen a little larger than a chicken egg.
2. There should be no fungal manifestations, cuts or stains on the peel.
3. There should be the largest number of eyes.

Attention! To increase the yield, you need to germinate the potatoes; to do this, it is better to put them in a bright and warm room; you need to warm them up in the sun for several days.

You can sprinkle the tubers with sawdust and water them with warm water; this procedure can speed up the germination process. If you buy potatoes for planting on the market and they already have sprouts, then you should not break them off or damage them, this will affect the future harvest.

Plant tubers according to the following scheme:

• the holes should be at a distance of 20-30 centimeters;
• between rows approximately 70-80 centimeters;
• The planting depth is selected depending on the region; in the southern regions it is 10 centimeters, in the northern regions – 15.

It is recommended to plant small tubers in pairs with large ones, and it is advisable to cut too large ones with the same number of eyes, this can increase the germination and yield of potatoes. Vector is unpretentious to various types of soil, but better yield results can be achieved if the soil is slightly acidic or neutral.

The vector does not require maintenance. Like any culture, it needs:

• watering;
• insect and grass control;
• hilling;
• fertilizer.

The vector tolerates drought well, but regular watering will not hurt. It is not recommended to allow the soil around the bushes to dry out and crack. Water potatoes twice a season. Moisten the first time when the first shoots have just appeared, the second time - before the crop has flowered. It is not recommended to water the crop after it has stopped budding; late blight may develop.

Hilling and harrowing

Usually gardeners do not pay due attention to hilling, but in vain, this procedure is important for obtaining a good harvest. The soil is filled with oxygen, but for sufficient saturation it is necessary that the soil be soft to the touch, weeds disappear, and the tops do not bend to the ground. You need to hill up potatoes twice a season:

• when the green part is just gaining growth;
• approximately two to three weeks after the first hilling.

You can also carry out harrowing - this is removing weeds before the first shoots of the crop sprout. This method can destroy most of the weeds and the potatoes will have more moisture and nutrients in the ground for growth and development.

It is very important to control weeds at the very beginning of crop growth. There is such a weed as birch, it wraps around the potato, sucking all the juices out of it, preventing it from developing

Please note! If you do not fight weeds, the potatoes will do it themselves, but then the tops will grow very tall, and the tubers will be small.

Fertilizer and Harvest

Fertilizer must be applied to the soil correctly. In the fall, after the garden has been harvested, prepare it for the next season. You can add humus and wood ash to each hole when planting - this is direct feeding. It is not recommended to apply nitrogen-containing fertilizers during the active growing season; they stimulate growth, but at the same time slow down the development of tubers. There is no need to worry about an overabundance of fertilizers; the yield will not suffer from this, but you need to be careful with organic fertilizers.

Harvesting occurs around mid-September, but depending on planting time, three and a half months must be counted. Another warning sign to harvest potatoes is the fact that the berries turn a dark green color. The tubers have a dense peel, so both manual and mechanical harvesting is possible.

Cleaning recommendations:

1. It is best to dig potatoes in dry weather, possibly with wind.
2. It is not recommended to harvest the crop in rainy weather; excessive moisture can cause the tubers to rot.
3. Be sure to dry the potatoes before storing them for two weeks in a warm, bright room.
4. It is advisable to store it in wooden boxes in the basement or cellar.

Experienced gardeners advise sorting it out before moving it to storage. It is better to keep the planting material separately from the main potatoes; in addition, you can immediately remove damaged or diseased tubers so that healthy potatoes do not deteriorate from them. It has an excellent percentage of safety; if you follow the basic rules, the indicator reaches from 90 to 95.

Planting a variety

Proper planting of Vector potatoes includes several stages. Each has its own nuances and subtleties. The final result – the yield – depends on the thoroughness of each step. The most important are:

1. Selecting planting material and preparing it for planting.
2. Landing dates.
3. Soil preparation.
4. Planting “Vector” potatoes on the site.

Let's look at each stage in more detail.

Selection and preparation of planting material

The most crucial moment. The further development of the potato bush depends on the health, quality and even size of the planting tubers. Vector potatoes for planting are selected according to several criteria - size, appearance and shape. It is best to plant tubers of the same size. It is optimal to choose potatoes that are not too small or large. According to reviews, the best results are obtained when planting tubers the size of chicken eggs. An even shape of the seeds, without sharp bends or creases, is welcome. Each specimen should not show signs of pest or disease damage. In the description of the “Vector” variety of potatoes and reviews, it is noted that the tubers have a small number of eyes. But for propagation, it is good to leave potatoes with the largest number of buds.

The photo shows an example of high-quality seed material:

Important! If the seeds are purchased with sprouts, breaking them off is strictly prohibited.

This technique will significantly reduce germination.

There is one more nuance. When the “Vector” variety is purchased only for propagation, all available tubers are used.

To speed up the process of seed germination, pre-sowing preparation is carried out for tubers. The main stage is germination. Vector potatoes are placed in boxes or on another flat, dry surface in one layer. After 7-10 days, sprouts will appear on them. Vector seeds germinate even faster if you place them in damp sawdust, periodically watering them with water. 2-3 days before immersion in the ground, the Vector tubers are warmed up in the sun.

Landing dates

According to the description of the variety and reviews from gardeners, it is best to plant Vector potatoes in May. At the beginning or middle of the month - this date is chosen depending on weather conditions and the characteristics of the growing region. It is important to take into account that the soil temperature before planting should be at least 10°C at a depth of 10 cm. Before the planned planting time, the tubers and the site should already be prepared. We have already described how planting material is prepared; now we will focus on preparing the site for Vector potatoes.

Soil preparation

A site is selected with good lighting and moisture permeability of the soil. If the water stagnates, the crop will simply rot.

Potato variety "Vector" is an unpretentious species. But if you properly prepare the site, the yield increases significantly. It should be remembered that the variety prefers loamy soils with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. Grows well on black soil and sandy loam. To improve conditions for plant development, the site is prepared in the fall. When digging, add organic fertilizers per 1 square meter. m of area in the following quantities:

• 3-4 kg of humus;
• 100 g wood ash.

At the time of planting, the following is additionally added to each hole:

• double superphosphate – 15 g;
• potassium sulfate – 12 g;
• urea – 10 g.

Planting process

The area is cleared of plant debris and weeds and ridges are outlined. Dig holes according to the markings. The depth of the planting hole directly depends on the composition of the soil. On clayey soil it is 5 cm, on sandy soil it is 10 cm.

The distance between the bushes is maintained in the range of 35-40 cm. The row spacing is about 70 cm. Vector tubers are placed in the holes with their sprouts up.

Cover with soil and level the ground with a rake.

Fertilizers for potatoes

Fertilizers are applied during the spring digging of the site, distributing them evenly over the entire area. Per 100 square meters they give 500-600 kilograms of manure, humus, peat or composts, 15-20 kilograms of bird droppings, 15-20 kilograms of ash, and mineral fertilizers - 2-3 kilograms of ammonium nitrate, 3-5 kilograms of superphosphate and 1.5 -2.5 kilograms of potassium salt.

This amount of mineral fertilizers can be replaced with 8-10 kilograms of a ready-made mixture (“vegetable mixture”).

When organic and mineral fertilizers are applied together, the greatest increase in yield is obtained. In this case, the doses of both are reduced by half.

A great effect is achieved by adding 50 kilograms of manure, 2 kilograms of super-phosphate and 5 kilograms of lime per 100 square meters. Manure is mixed with lime in advance, and superphosphate is added to them the day before using this fertilizer mixture.

As experiments show, a 1.5-fold increase in the dose of phosphorus fertilizer in the total mass of fertilizers applied to potatoes significantly increases the yield of tubers and their starchy content.

If there is a lack of fertilizer, you can apply it to holes or furrows. In this case, 2 times less fertilizer is spent, and the yield increase is the same as with continuous filling of the soil. A potato bush requires 150-200 grams of humus.

They place it at the bottom of the hole, and plant the tubers in its side. A vegetable mixture of mineral fertilizers needs 3-5 grams per hole. It is mixed with soil or used in the form of an aqueous solution. Wood ash added when planting potatoes improves their taste and increases the starchiness of the tubers. Place one or two handfuls of wood ash in each hole and mix it with the ground.

Peat ash is a valuable fertilizer for potatoes. Experience and practice have established that peat ash is not inferior to wood ash in its effect on potato yield, and is superior to it in its effect on starchiness. The only disadvantage of peat ash is that it should be added in 30-40 kilogram increments.

Per 100 square meters instead of 7-10 kilograms of wood ash. With the local method of application, that is, in a furrow or nest, the dose of peat ash can be reduced by 3-4 times.

Mineral fertilizers or ash are rolled into the hole with a layer of soil of 2-3 centimeters, then the tuber is planted, covered with soil and the area is leveled with a rake.

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Bush care

In the first 2-3 weeks, it is very important to provide the potatoes with conditions for the growth of the above-ground parts. Therefore, the soil is weeded, carefully loosened and moistened. Before the flowers appear, the crop does not need regular watering, but after flowering begins, it is given enough attention.

Important! It is unacceptable to allow the earth to crack due to drying out.

The “Vector” variety is drought-resistant, but it is not worth creating extreme conditions for the bushes. It is better to moisten the plantings as needed. Calculate the total volume of water according to the needs of one plant. One bush needs to consume 2 - 2.5 liters of water. During the growing season, the “Vector” variety needs to be provided with 4 full waterings.

Feeding. Nutrition must be added after the first hilling. You will need to dilute 1 tbsp. spoon of urea in a 10-liter bucket and water each Vector bush with a solution in a volume of 0.5 liters. Fertilizing is applied after loosening. If potatoes are grown on fertilized soil, then you will not need to feed them often. With average soil nutrition, the feeding scheme looks like this:

Potato feeding

Feeding plants with organic or mineral fertilizers is one of the most important techniques for caring for potatoes. It is carried out before loosening and hilling. Dry and liquid fertilizers are used. The first time, fertilizing is applied when the height of potato plants is 10-15 centimeters, the second time - 15-20 days after the first fertilizing.

When dry feeding, one or two handfuls of wood ash, pre-mixed with soil, or 15 grams of well-crushed bird droppings are used for each potato bush. One tablespoon of vegetable mixture of mineral fertilizers per bush is enough.

If nitrogen fertilizer, superphosphate and potassium salt are used separately for feeding, then take one teaspoon of each. Under each potato bush, apply 1-1.5 liters of fertilizer solution.

Dry fertilizing is applied between rows at a distance of 8-10 centimeters from the plants, and with liquid fertilizing, shallow grooves are made with a hoe around each bush or along the rows on both sides of the bushes, into which the fertilizer solution is poured. As soon as the liquid is absorbed into the soil, the furrow is sprinkled with humus, peat, earth, or loosening and hilling are carried out.

Both dry and liquid fertilizers should be applied to moist soil after rain or watering. Fed plants also need to be watered.

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Pests and diseases

When growing Vector potatoes, you need to take measures against the appearance of fungal infections - Alternaria, late blight of leaves and common scab. “Vector” is not completely resistant to these diseases.

To help avoid illness:

• careful seed selection;
• compliance with the planting scheme so as not to thicken the plants;
• compliance with crop rotation on the ridges;
• preventive spraying against fungal diseases.

The most famous potato pest is the Colorado potato beetle. It has to be fought with insecticides and collecting beetles by hand. But parasites such as wireworms, slugs or mole crickets can cause no less damage to the crop. Traps are prepared against them and insecticides are also used, following the instructions of the drug.

Selection of seed

Every gardener knows that the quality and quantity of the harvest depends on the planting material. Beginning summer residents often make the same mistakes when planting potatoes, which is why the crop does not bear fruit well. To grow large Vector potatoes, tubers for sowing must have the following characteristics:

• the size of a chicken egg or larger;
• absence of damage and signs of disease;
• eyes in large numbers.

If you plan to grow this potato variety on an ongoing basis, then for the first planting you can use small tubers, but after ripening, do not eat them, but use them as seed for the next year. You should also remember that when purchasing homemade seeds, you should not break off existing sprouts, as the seedlings may not germinate.

Harvest storage

Potatoes of the “Vector” variety are famous for their keeping quality. But so that he does not lose this characteristic, preparatory measures are taken:

• dry the dug tubers on a dry, flat surface;
• carefully stack the potatoes, first selecting the highest quality ones.

The room is prepared in advance, providing the potatoes with the necessary temperature, storage humidity and the possibility of ventilation.