History of the variety's creation
Many breeders are breeding compact, short varieties of fruit trees, based on the main positive qualities of these crops - they take up little space, are easier to care for and easier to collect ripe fruits. In addition, such trees are better adapted to the close occurrence of groundwater.
Among these short cherries, the relatively recently developed Tamaris variety should be noted. The author of this cherry is T. Morozova, a breeder from the All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture and Nursery. I. V. Michurina.
She carried out work on developing a new variety, and the Cherry Cherry Cherry was taken as the basis. During breeding work, the seed material of this variety at the germination stage was treated with a special chemical preparation Ethyleneimine.
As a result, a new cherry was developed, the name of which was given in honor of its creator. Work on breeding Tamaris cherries was carried out in the last quarter of the last century, then tests of this variety were carried out. And only in 1994, Tamaris cherries were included in the State Register of Russia.
Video about Tamaris cherry
It was recommended to grow this stone fruit crop in the Central Black Earth and North Caucasus regions of Russia.
But in recent years, Tamaris cherries have been successfully grown in some other areas of the country.
Pros and cons of the variety
The variety is not afraid of precipitation, neither is frost - in general it is quite resistant to external factors, prolific, productive, “strong”. To protect against fungal diseases, regular preventive treatments are needed. Frost resistance is normal, but the buds can freeze in severe winters. Early fruiting crop - if things go well, the harvest can be harvested 2-3 years after planting. Read about the features of the Kharitonovskaya cherry variety here.
Tamaris cherry fruits have high, almost dessert qualities.
Compact bush-like trees take up minimal space on the site, they are easy to care for, and harvesting is not particularly difficult. Also, low crops can more easily tolerate direct contact with nearby groundwater. Small cherries grow well in areas with strong winds because they practically do not break. The Tamaris variety is ideally adapted to the climatic conditions of the middle zone.
Tamaris cherry: description of the variety and its main characteristics
The height of Tamaris cherry trees is on average 1.8-2.0 m, and only some specimens can reach 2.5 m.
The crown of this cherry is round, medium dense, noticeably raised above ground level. The bark of the trunk and main shoots is brown. Fruiting occurs only on bouquet branches.
How to choose the right cherry variety for Siberia!
25 best varieties of cherries for Siberia
The shoots are quite long, well-leafed, their bark is colored brown with a brown tint. The number of lentils on the branches is small. The buds are oval, extending from the shoots at an acute angle.
The foliage is medium in size, with doubly cloves formed along the edges. The plates are smooth, bright emerald in color with clearly visible veins. There is no pubescence on the leaves. Petioles are short, of medium thickness.
The flowers are medium in size, the petals are round, white in color.
On a note!
The Tamaris cherry blooms late. Ripe berries of the Tamaris variety are large in size, weighing about 4-5 g.
The shape of the berries is round, slightly flattened at the top, there is a small depression at the base, and a slight seam runs along the abdomen.
The color of the smooth, shiny skin is purple, with clearly visible small brown spots. The pulp is of a delicate consistency, dark red in color, and contains a large amount of juice.
Cherry Tamaris - photo of the bush
The stone is quite large, round, and easily separated from the ripe pulp. The berries are attached to the branches using fairly long stalks.
The taste of ripe Tamaris cherries is sour-sweet. These berries contain about 10% sugars, 2% acids, and 100 g of product contains about 37.5 mg of vitamin C.
Since the taste of ripe Tamaris berries is better than that of most other cherry varieties
, then it is more often used for canning. This cherry produces very tasty juice, liquid jam, since the pulp contains a large amount of juice.
Tasty and aromatic compotes are also canned from these cherries, ripe berries are frozen for the winter, and also dried. In addition, well-ripened cherries are consumed fresh and desserts are prepared - in a word, the collected fruits of Tamaris cherries have a universal purpose.
Trees are highly resistant to frost
. The branches of this cherry tree do not break even with strong gusts of wind, since the trees are not very tall.
Important!
Tamaris cherry is a frost-resistant variety; without additional shelter, the tree can withstand frosts down to -23-25 degrees Celsius.
But the resistance to drought of this stone fruit tree is average, so in the hot dry season, Tamaris cherries require more frequent watering, otherwise the cherries will fall off before reaching ripeness.
The average lifespan of this stone fruit tree is at least 20 years
, and from the beginning of fruiting until the end of its life, the harvest of this cherry is stable, abundant and annual, and the fruits do not decrease in size and their taste does not deteriorate.
The only thing that can affect the yield of this fruit tree is too cold winters, for example, in Western Siberia. In this region, the life expectancy of this stone fruit crop is much lower, the fruiting period is also reduced, and the taste of Tamaris cherry fruits is much worse than in warmer regions.
Features of caring for the variety
To ensure good fruit yield, Vladimirskaya cherries should be properly cared for.
Watering and loosening
You need to water the tree 4 times per period:
- during flowering;
- during the formation of the ovary;
- after harvesting the fruits;
- in late October to prepare for wintering.
Over the entire growing season, one tree consumes up to 90 liters of liquid. The cherry tree should not be moistened under the trunk, as this will compact the soil and cause air, moisture, and nutrients to flow poorly to the root system. Gardeners recommend pouring water into special grooves, which are made on different sides of the trunk. One watering for 1 tree requires 14 liters.
It is necessary to loosen the soil around the trunk for better supply of air and moisture. During this procedure, it is also necessary to remove weeds, which are breeding grounds for various pests.
Did you know? Cherry pits contain the substance amygdalin, which is converted into poison (hydrocyanic acid) in the human body. That is why it is not recommended to store preparations with seeds for more than a year.
Fertilizer application
They begin to fertilize only 2–3 years after planting the seedlings. All fertilizing is applied along with irrigation into the furrows dug to receive water. Fertilizers of organic origin are well suited - manure, humus, ash, bone meal.
- Early spring after the snow melts. Along with digging, 250–300 g of wood ash is added to the soil around the trunk.
- Just before color appears. Add slurry, diluted at a ratio of 1:5, in an amount of 2.5–3 liters. You can also use bird droppings or compost.
- During the period of fruit formation. This feeding is well suited - fermented grass in a ratio of 1:10 in an amount of 10 liters.
- After harvesting. Fertilize with bone meal about 250–300 g.
- In the fall before winter. Fertilize with tree and foliage ash in an amount of 250–300 g.
You can also use mineral fertilizers suitable for stone fruit crops. They can be purchased at any garden store (Ideal, Yagodka).
Pruning and crown formation
It is recommended to prune these trees in early spring at the end of March. In autumn, pruning is carried out for sanitary purposes. In winter, trees should be dormant.
When planting a seedling, only 5–7 skeletal branches are left on it, which are located at an equal interval from each other. Please note that the lower branch must be at least 0.4 m from the ground level. As it grows and develops, about 10 skeletal branches are formed, which form the basis of the crown. Scheme for the formation of a sparsely-tiered crown After two years from planting the seedling, pruning is carried out not only to form the crown, but also to eliminate thickening. In this case, cut off all too long shoots, as well as shoots that grow inward.
It is also necessary to pay attention to sanitary pruning - remove branches that are dried and damaged by various diseases.
Important! When pruning, no stumps should remain, and the cut areas should be covered with garden varnish. Regrowth from the roots is also removed
In this case, it should be removed along with the root system, otherwise there will be no effect
The growth from the roots is also removed. In this case, it should be removed along with the root system, otherwise there will be no effect.
Cold protection
Despite good winter hardiness, cherries need to be prepared for wintering. To protect against cold weather, the area around the trunk is mulched with sawdust and straw. When snow falls, it is raked closer to the trunk. To protect against pests and sunburn, whitewash is done in early spring.
Pollinator trees for Tamaris cherries
Tamaris cherry is a self-fertile variety
– the pistil and stamens with pollen in the flowers of this variety are approximately at the same height, and fertilization of the flowers occurs at the bud stage.
Therefore, in this cherry, after almost all the flowers, productive ovaries are formed, which subsequently develop correctly.
Due to its self-fertility, this stone fruit tree is able to set fruit without the presence of nearby pollinating trees. But many gardeners note that the fruiting of Tamaris cherries will be more abundant if cherries of other varieties with similar flowering periods are planted nearby.
Self-fertile cherry varieties for the Moscow region!
The most delicious cherry varieties for the Moscow region
Ideal pollinating varieties for Tamaris cherries:
Turgenevka; Zhukovskaya; Lyubskaya.
It should also be noted that the Tamaris cherry can also become an excellent pollinator for self-sterile cherry varieties.
Productivity
The Tamaris cherry variety begins to bear fruit 2-4 seasons after planting. The fruits begin to ripen quite late, so they are not negatively affected by spring return frosts.
And the harvest from Tamaris cherries is harvested depending on the climatic conditions of the growing region from mid-July to early August.
From one adult Tamaris cherry tree, at least 10 kg of ripe berries are collected.
And in the homeland of this variety in the city of Michurinsk, at least 70 centners of this berry are collected from each hectare.
Description of culture
Outwardly, Novella does not at all resemble a bird cherry. The pollinator gave the tree its powerful roots, which support a medium-sized tree about 3 m high. Its crown is wide and round. The branches are straight, brown-brown, and become bare over time. The leaves of the tree are matte, dark green, obovate, with pointed ends of the leaf blade and jagged edges.
Did you know? Cherries are so highly valued in the United States that February 20 was chosen as National Cherry Pie Day. And in the state of Utah it received the status of an official symbol.
The size of the petioles is up to 3 cm, the buds are ovoid, slightly behind the branches. The flowers are whitish, collected in inflorescences of 4 pieces, located on bouquet shoots or one-year-old shoots. The berries are one-dimensional, wide-round, slightly flattened at the top and base, with an average weight of up to 5 g and a diameter of up to 2 cm. The berries of the variety are completely dark burgundy in color, reaching final ripeness they become almost black.
The pulp is medium-dense and does not develop cracks, which is why the fruit tolerates transportation well. The fruits are separated well from the stalks. The cherry pit is small, round, yellowish, and easily removed from the pulp. Experts gave it 4.2 points for its juiciness and sweet and sour taste.
Brief characteristics of the variety
Novella is a cold-resistant, mid-early, high-yielding variety. With good care, the tree practically does not get sick and regularly produces good harvests.
Drought resistance and winter hardiness
Cherry is intended for the Central Black Earth regions, where it shows good frost resistance, and its bark and cambium tolerate local winters well. However, in too harsh a period, the tree’s buds may freeze slightly. The variety has satisfactory resistance to drought; watering during particularly hot periods should be 1-2 times a month.
Learn how to plant cherries in the fall.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening time
Trees of the Novella variety bloom approximately 2-3 weeks before the start of summer; depending on climatic conditions, the first buds appear between May 10 and May 18. The ripening of cherries is mid-early, simultaneous, and harvesting begins in mid-summer.
The variety is partially self-fertile, therefore it needs pollinating neighbors located no further than 40 m. The best pollinators of this variety are Griot Ostgeimsky, Vladimirskaya and Shokoladnitsa cherries.
Productivity and fruiting
Novella bears its first fruits 4 years after planting; they ripen at the same time and are ready for harvesting around July 15th. According to the authors of the variety, cherries show good yield per 1 hectare: average - 77.6 centners, maximum - 99.8 centners. At the same time, one mature tree produces about 15 kg of berries. These figures are especially impressive given the relatively small growth of trees.
Did you know? Cherries also have their own long-livers. Thus, in the north-west of England, a 150-year-old cherry tree about 13 m high with a spreading crown with a diameter of more than 5 m grows and continues to actively bear fruit.
In good conditions, Novella shows stable high fruiting, but after a harsh winter the buds may partially freeze, and the yield may decrease significantly. Since the variety is quite young and was registered only in 2001, there are not yet sufficient statistics on its life expectancy. However, breeders claim that Novella is a potential long-liver, capable of bearing fruit until a very old age - about 20 years.
Resistance to diseases and pests
Due to the fact that Novella is a cerapadus, i.e. one of its parent varieties was crossed with bird cherry; it has good immunity to many diseases of fruit trees. Cherry is highly resistant to coccomycosis and moniliosis, and is less often affected by pests compared to other varieties of this crop.
You will be interested to know how to distinguish cherries from sweet cherries.
In order for the tree to remain healthy, the entire necessary set of agrotechnical measures should be regularly carried out - pruning, fertilizing, watering and others.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
- It is worth especially noting the following advantages of the Novella:
- resistance to coccomycosis and other fungal infections;
- good yield;
- resistance to winter temperatures;
- partial self-fertility;
- long productive period;
- simultaneous ripening of fruits;
- large, one-dimensional, tasty berries;
- resistance of berries to cracking;
- small seed and universal use of the fruit.
- Disadvantages include:
- average bud resistance to severe frosts;
- unstable fruiting, depending on climate.
- impossibility of cultivation in the northern regions;
- exposure of old shoots;
- there is an “unclean” tearing of berries from the stalks.
Advantages
Among the main advantages of the Tamaris variety it should be noted:
- high productivity;
- resistance to most diseases;
- high resistance to cold;
- excellent taste of the Tamaris variety;
- compact size and small height of trees of this variety;
- self-fertility;
- Cherries of this variety practically do not break from gusts of wind.
There are no particular disadvantages noted in this cherry.
. But it is necessary to trim the shoots in order to regulate the load of the tree with the harvest, since the shoots can break under the weight of the berries.
Cherries for the Moscow region - expert opinion
Growing Tamaris Cherries
The Tamaris cherry variety can be planted both in spring and autumn.
. In the spring, seedlings are planted before the buds begin to bloom on them - approximately in mid-April. In the autumn, when planting trees, you need to take into account that at least a month must pass before the onset of cold weather, during which the plantings will become stronger, take root well and be able to survive the cold winter.
The area where this cherry will grow should be well lit by sunlight and ventilated by wind (but not strong). The soil is light, loose, preferably loamy with a neutral pH level.
If the soil on the site is far from such an ideal, then they should be improved: add sand and humus to heavy soils, and compost or humus to sandstone. Too acidic soils are improved by adding lime or dolomite flour to them during autumn digging.
Planting holes for cherry seedlings are prepared in advance, making the distance between them at least 2 meters.
You should also pay attention to what crops grow in the neighborhood. It is recommended to plant this variety of cherries away from apple trees, pears, plums, apricots, and cherry plums.
It is optimal if the distance between these trees and the cherry tree is at least 5 m.
The best neighbors for the Tamaris variety are:
- cherries;
- grape;
- hawthorn.
The purchased two-year-old Tamaris cherry seedling must be strong and healthy, without signs of visible damage, with a root length of about 0.2 m, and a trunk height of no more than 1 m.
Planting holes must be at least 0.5 m in diameter, with the same depth
. A layer of drainage about 5 cm thick is laid on the bottom.
Then pour out a layer of nutrient substrate from humus (10 kg), superphosphate (2 tbsp), potassium chloride (25 g), wood ash (6 cups). This mixture is thoroughly mixed after placing in the planting hole.
How to plant a cherry seedling correctly - video
Near the center of the hole, a stake is driven in as a support for the young tree, a seedling is installed in the center, its root system is straightened along the diameter of the hole, the hole is filled with soil mixture, compacted, and the tree is tied to the support.
Then it is necessary to form a near-trunk circle with a border around its edges from the soil so that irrigation water does not go beyond its boundaries.
20-30 liters of water are added to each seedling, then a layer of mulch is poured on top.
Planting and care
In order for a tree of the specified variety to develop normally in the future, bear fruit well and regularly and not get sick, it should be planted at a young age on a suitable site that meets the requirements of agricultural technology.
These requirements include : a large amount of sunlight, good ventilation of the area, sufficiently deep groundwater, as well as the presence of light, loose and loamy soil.
Cherry trees are planted either in spring or autumn . In the first case, this should happen before the buds open; in the second, no later than October.
According to experts, spring planting is preferable due to the risk of seedlings freezing in the fall, with the onset of early frosts.
Since the Tamaris variety is a bushy crop , it should be planted in such a way that the nearest fruit plants are at least 2 meters away.
The seedling is planted in a planting hole, the depth and diameter of which should be 50 cm.
In any case, the entire root system of the plant in a straightened state should fit completely and freely into a properly dug hole.
After the hole is dug, a mixture of humus, superphosphate (40 g), potassium chloride (20-25 g) and wood ash (about 1 kg) is placed at the bottom.
In case of increased clay content in the soil, one bucket of ordinary river sand is poured into the hole.
Before planting, it is also necessary to prepare the seedling itself, especially the roots. If they have clearly damaged shoots, they need to be cut off. Dried roots should be soaked in water, spending at least 2-3 hours.
Immediately before planting, a wooden peg is driven , to which a young, fragile tree will subsequently be tied for greater stability.
The seedling must be installed in the hole, carefully straightening the root system. The trunk must be in a strictly vertical position , on the north side of the central peg.
Fill the hole with the seedling installed in it with soil that was previously dug and mixed with a small amount of fertilizer.
The soil at the base of the trunk is carefully compacted, and an earthen roll is made within a radius of 50 cm from the trunk . 2-3 buckets of non-cold and pre-settled water are poured into the funnel thus formed
To prevent rapid evaporation of moisture and cracking of the soil, the base of the seedling is covered with a 2-centimeter layer of mulch made from compost or sawdust.
Caring for the Tamaris variety consists of a traditional set of measures for cherry varieties - regular watering, periodic loosening of the soil, fertilization and pruning.
Potassium-phosphorus fertilizers are usually added during autumn digging .
In the spring, nitrogen fertilizers are applied under the cherry bush .
Organic fertilizers (compost, rotted manure) are applied at least once every 3 years.
Fertilizing in the form of mullein and ash is carried out twice a season - during and 2 weeks after the plant blooms.
We must not forget about regular pruning (shortening) of branches. In the case of the prolific Tamaris, it is necessary, since the branches may break off under the load of a good harvest.
If you need a completely unpretentious variety for your garden, pay attention to Volochaevka, Griot Moskovsky and Igrushka.
Watch the video for a complete description of the rules for planting cherries.
Further care of Tamaris cherries
This cherry tree requires regular watering, loosening of tree trunks to remove weeds, fertilization throughout the season, as well as regular pruning.
Young trees need to be watered once every 6-8 days, adding at least 10-20 liters of water to each
. During budding, ovary formation and crop formation, the amount of watering increases. After the harvest is completely harvested, water the cherries only when necessary.
Feeding
If all the necessary fertilizers were added to the soil before planting, then in the first three seasons the Tamaris cherry does not need to be fed.
Feeding cherries during flowering - video
In the future, fertilizing is applied to this cherry twice a year - in spring and autumn.
. In the spring, it is necessary to apply fertilizers containing a large amount of nitrogen, and in the autumn - potassium-phosphorus fertilizers.
Organic matter is added to Tamaris cherries once every 3 seasons in the spring, when the tree trunk circles are loosened.
Pruning Tamaris cherry trees
The procedure for pruning the Tamaris cherry variety is carried out regularly in spring and autumn. In spring, it is necessary to shorten the branches by about 1/3, otherwise they may break under the weight of ripe fruits.
In the fall, sanitary pruning is usually carried out, during which all weak, diseased, dry and damaged shoots are removed.
Spring pruning of cherries | How to prune cherry trees in spring?
All cut branches should be burned immediately, and the foliage can be used as additional fertilizer.
Preparing for winter
Young trees should be covered for the winter, as they are not yet strong enough and can freeze in severe frosts. Mature trees usually do not require shelter. It is only necessary to wrap the trunks with a metal mesh to prevent rodents.
Disease and pest control
The Tamaris variety is resistant to such a dangerous disease as coccomycosis; it is also less afraid of moniliosis. But preventive treatment and attention to the condition of the cherries are needed in any case, as this will eliminate the occurrence of infections and the trees will be healthy.
Prevention measures include:
- timely removal of all overgrown, diseased and old branches;
- processing of cuts when pruning;
- spraying cherries throughout the season (with a solution of iron sulfate, 1% Bordeaux mixture);
- crown thinning;
- maintaining distances between seedlings when planting cherries;
- removing weeds.
If signs of disease appear, the tree will have to be treated promptly. To prevent coccomycosis, cherries are sprayed with copper-containing preparations and Bordeaux mixture in spring and autumn. Treating moniliosis with a 3% solution of copper sulfate and removing all damaged shoots helps. Spraying with Polyram is effective against anthracnose; Bordeaux mixture (3%) will help to cope with perforated spotting. But it is still important to remember that treatment of cherries is not always successful, since fungal infections are tenacious and difficult to fight. Prevention is the main thing that novice gardeners should learn.
In preventive pest control, folk remedies are widely used: chamomile infusion, decoctions of tomato or potato tops, burdock, wormwood. Of the special formulations, we note the following drugs:
- Fitoverm (from aphids);
- Fufanon (from the slimy sawfly);
- Diazinon (for cherry fly);
- Actellik (from weevil).
All drugs are used strictly in accordance with the instructions, observing treatment times and doses.
Tamaris cherry is a variety suitable for growing in various regions of Russia. An unpretentious and compact plant is distinguished by its productivity, and with proper and proper care it bears fruit even in short summer conditions.
