Annushka: description and features of growing cherry varieties

History of selection

Cherries of this variety are planted by private enterprises and farms. Anyone can plant Annushka on their own and achieve good fruiting. This is a mid-early variety that represents the Ukrainian breeding school.

For the first time, the variety was bred in its homeland - at the Donetsk Institute of Horticulture of the UAAS. The author is Tatarenko L.I. In her work, she used cross varieties using pollination, and took the cultures of Donchanka and Valery Chkalov as a base. Unlike its “predecessors,” Annushka cherries are more resistant to frost, which allows harvesting even in late autumn.

In 2000, the Annushka cherry variety was included in the State Register of the Russian Federation for the North Caucasus region of the country. Endurance tests took place there. Annushka has proven to be an ideal crop, especially in climate zones with unstable weather conditions.

Photo and description of Annushka cherries

The Annushka cherry was obtained by Ukrainian breeders from the Artemov experimental station from the varieties Valery Chkalov and Donchanka. The culture was included in the state register of the Russian Federation in 2000. It is intended for cultivation in the stressful conditions of the North Caucasus region.

Mature tree height

Annushka is a vigorous cherry variety. The tree reaches 4–5 meters in height, the shape of the crown is spherical. The shoots are straight, thick, the skeletal branches are bare, the buds are located on the growth and fruiting shoots. The leaves are large with a light green ovoid surface. The vegetative parts are attached to the tree by cuttings, the length of which does not exceed 16 millimeters. Some features of the variety are described in the video.

Description of culture

The Annushka cherry variety has large fruits - up to 10 grams. This feature allows it to compete with world varieties. The tree of the variety is tall, and its height reaches almost 5 m. The shoots have a straight, thickened shape. They form a spherical crown, which is medium dense.

The buds are mixed, mainly found on growth shoots. The leaves are also different from other cherry varieties. They are large in shape and slightly lightened. The oblong egg-shaped structure of the plate ends with a point and has teeth on the sides. The leaf itself is attached to the trunk by a one and a half centimeter petiole.

Growing Annushka cherries is distinguished by its process, or more precisely, by the sequence in which the inflorescences appear. White flowers have five petals, but they are combined into umbrella inflorescences, usually 4-5 pieces each. But on the shoots the flowers appear before the leaves, which is not typical for other varieties of cherries.

CHERRY “DONETSK COAL, 2 years”

The variety of the Donetsk experimental station was obtained from crossing Drogana yellow with the variety Valery Chkalov. Author L.I. Taranenko. Entered into the State Register since 1995.

They ripen in the mid-late period. The tree is early bearing.

The frost resistance of wood and flower buds is slightly inferior to Drogana yellow, but significantly higher than that of Valery Chkalov.

Resistance to coccomycosis is high.

The tree is vigorous, the crown is round, of medium density.

Pollinators: Donchanka, Drogana yellow, Yaroslavna, Donetsk beauty, Valery Chkalov, Aelita, Valeria, Annushka, Early pink.

The fruits are round, slightly flattened, weighing 8-9 g, dark red. This variety has a peculiarity: the fruits acquire a dark red color when they have already reached 6-7 g; it is too early to pick them, they are unripe.

The pulp is pink-red, very dense, gristly. The fruits are densely fleshy, with dry separation, even in unripe fruits. Taste rating: 4.6 points.

Advantages of the variety: fairly high frost and drought resistance, good type of fruiting, excellent canning qualities.

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Trimming. Mandatory pruning is recommended for fruit plants. When planting, carry out post-planting pruning, leaving shoots no more than 40-45 cm long. It is also recommended to annually remove dry, damaged or fattening shoots, thinning, and crown formation. Watering. Young plants REQUIRE regular proper watering

For successful rooting of the plant, it is important that the soil is wetted not only from above (7-12 cm), but to the depth of the tips of the roots of the seedling (up to 35-45 cm). To do this, after planting during the first month, you must water the plant 2 times a week, 1 bucket per tree.

In dry times, it is recommended to increase watering to 1.5-2 buckets of water per plant 2-3 times a week. Mulching. To preserve moisture in the soil for a long time, it is advisable to use organic mulching of the tree trunk circle with a layer of 7-10 cm. Loosening. Regular, shallow. Weeding around the tree trunk. Important to remember! Lack of pruning during planting and irregular or insufficient watering in the first months after planting significantly reduce the percentage of plant survival in a new location.

Characteristics

Cherries have great nutritional value. Annushka fruits contain many vitamins. It is worth considering the fruit indicators in more detail:

In industry, the Annushka cherry variety is highly valued, because after removing the pit, the integrity of the appearance and pulp is not affected, and the shape and inner shell are preserved. This speeds up harvesting work, making harvesting simple. As the speed increases, the presentation is maintained. Also, the characteristics of the Annushka cherry variety are distinguished by a tasting score of 4.9 points on a 5-point scale.

Drought resistance, winter hardiness

The Annushka variety is highly frost-resistant. It can withstand up to -35 0C. Annushka is also able to survive even severe drought. Due to the plasticity of the crown, the cherry is self-fertile and retains its taste under any climatic changes.

Pollination, flowering period and ripening time

The flowering period most often occurs in mid-spring. The fruits ripen within a short period of time. It is important to harvest quickly, since everything will go bad in 1-2 weeks. The tree does not tolerate stagnant groundwater, so planting and harvesting should be in an area where the water does not come close to the soil.

Cherry Annushka blooms faster with sufficient light. To ensure rapid ripening, it should be placed on a southern slope. If it rained in the summer, it is important to provide the berries with a flow of warm air. To do this, trees should be planted in open areas. Suitable pollinators for Annushka cherries are those trees that are considered the best for flowers:

1. The pistil and stamen of the Shpanka cherry are placed on the same level. It will bear large fruits.
2. They also use Shokoladnitsa and Malyshka cherries. They will give an attractive appearance and a large harvest of cherries.
3. Drogana yellow and Donetsk coal will give the ability to withstand drought.
4. Donetsk beauty will allow cherries to grow even in winter.

There is no need to resort to special pollination methods, since the Annushka cherry is self-fertile.

Productivity, fruiting

Trees produce a rich harvest when cherry seedlings were purchased in the fall and managed to survive the cold. "Hardened off", they will only need to be moistened just three times a year. It is enough to just pour 35 liters of water into the ditch around the Annushka seedling. One-year-old and two-year-old cherry trees need to be tied up and placed 3-4 m from each other. Then the harvest will be in 2-3 years. Cherries bear fruit for a long time, usually several decades. The first berries appear in May, although it blooms even in March-April.

Area of ​​application of berries

Annushka's berries are used in industry by farming companies - for twists for sale. Various dressings, drinks and preservatives are also made from cherries. The Annushka variety is often used in cosmetology medicine.

Resistance to diseases and pests

The Annushka variety tolerates diseases quite well. If care is poorly performed, the following difficulties arise:

1. Fungal diseases - occur due to improper planting. The ground and soil can be contaminated by acid rain, which causes the tree to suffer.
2. Cherry coccomycosis - manifests itself on leaves that become stained and then dry out. To cure a tree, use “Topaz” 2 ml per 10 liters of liquid. The plant must be treated during flowering.
3. Moniliosis Annushka - manifests itself in the form of gray growths. For treatment, Nitrafen is required during the flowering period. Dilute 300 g per 10 liters of water.
4. Hole spotting of cherries - you can cure the tree with the help of “Horus”.

Also, the cherry tree can suffer from various pests. Compared to other varieties, Annushka rarely suffers from damage to the bark and leaves, but it is important to carry out prevention for the longevity of the tree.

Advantages and disadvantages

Despite all the advantages of Annushka, the cherry variety has some disadvantages, although, compared to the advantages, they are almost invisible. It will never grow in swampy areas and zones with a humid climate. For example, cherries will grow better in the north of Russia than in the south, and it is quite difficult for them to tolerate coccomycosis.

Harvest and storage

By the beginning of June, the fruits of the mid-early cherry variety Annushka are ready for picking. The dark red berries are easily separated from the stalk, making the picking process easier. Even if during the ripening of the fruits the weather was damp and cool, or it rained, the taste of cherries will remain invariably sweet.

The dessert taste of berries is preserved in all weather conditions

The Annushka cherry tree enters the fruiting period relatively early (at 3–4 years of the tree’s life). In one season, 15–20 kg of cherries can be harvested from a tree, and under favorable conditions, the yield can be higher. The tree pleases its owners with consistently high yields for 10–12 years.

Cherries of this variety retain their shape, taste and integrity, meeting the highest consumer requirements. In warehouses at a temperature of +1...+2 °C and a low level of oxygen in the air, cherries can be stored for 2-3 weeks.

At home, cherries can be stored in the refrigerator for 5 days. Some housewives practice quick freezing of berries in special bags that do not allow foreign odors to pass through. When frozen, the fruits are stored for a year. You can prepare cherry puree (for 1 kg of fresh cherries: 300 g of sugar and 1 teaspoon of citric acid, crush and mix everything), put in plastic containers and freeze.

The dense fruits of the Annushka cherry variety lend themselves well to drying in an electric dryer for 24 hours at a temperature of +60 to +80 °C. Cherries with bright red juice are added to colorless apple or pear compotes and assorted compotes.

Annushka cherries make delicious and aromatic winter preparations.

Landing Features

Before planting, cherry seedlings should be stored in the basement, in the cold. Planting is carried out in the fall, when the trees are still young and can withstand cold temperatures down to -3 0C. Regarding the remaining recommendations, all details are discussed below.

Recommended timing

It is best to plant in late autumn, but if this is not possible, Annushka cherries can be buried in a snowdrift.

Advice! It should be located on a northern slope, where the sun practically does not reach.

Choosing a suitable location

For successful planting, you need to choose a place where there will be cherries nearby. They must serve as pollinators. Only 5-7 meters away you can plant other plants. It is advisable to dig deep holes to fill with sawdust and grass.

What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries?

Next to cherries, which are pollinators, you can plant cherries of those varieties that are considered early in flowering. It is not recommended to plant light red, late and winter cherries. You cannot grow flowering plants near a fruit tree.

Selection and preparation of planting material

Young seedlings are used as planting material. Fertilizer is also purchased and poured into the tree hole. The pit should be up to half a meter deep and almost a meter wide.

Landing algorithm

Immediately after digging a hole, you need to fill the bottom with manure (20-25 kg). Over the winter, the fertilizer shrinks. The tree can be planted in early spring. Planting and caring for Annushka cherries also involves choosing nitrates. Agronomists select the necessary substances separately for each region.

The distance between seedlings is 3-4 m. For growth, a stake is inserted 1 m in height. The hole around the tree should hold up to 8 liters of water.

After a year or two, Annushka’s long branches are shortened to medium length. This way the fruiting of cherries will be better. The algorithm is described in detail in the video:

Where do cherries grow?

Cherry prefers warm, sunny regions and is found in Southern Europe, Turkey, Iran, Crimea, and Asia Minor. The crop is planted in America and Australia.

In Russia, the crop is grown in many regions:

The development of new winter-hardy varieties has made it possible to expand the distribution area of ​​cherries. Therefore, they began to plant it in the North-Western region, the Urals and Siberia. To develop, the tree requires good lighting, fertile, loose soil, moderate watering and no stagnant moisture. When these conditions are met, the crop grows actively and produces high yields.

Subsequent care of the crop

After planting, it is important not to forget to care for the cherries:

1. Watering Annushka should be done three times during drought, 30 liters of water each time.
2. The first watering is done in the spring after frost, the second in the heat. The third is optional.
3. Sweet cherries do not need feeding. Only a little fertilizer is needed in winter.
4. To form a flat cherry crown, you need to stop the growth of the tree at around 4 m; to do this, cut off the conductor at the required height.

Next comes preparation for winter. In October, cracks on skeletal branches are cleaned with a garden knife. Treat the cherry trunks with a 3% solution of copper sulfate. The wounds are covered with garden varnish.

Attention! In winter, rodents often damage Annushka trees. To prevent this, you need to tie a net around the trees.

Planting cherries in the Moscow region in spring

In the Moscow region, as in other regions of Russia, gardeners plant cherries in spring or autumn. Each season has its own characteristics and weather conditions. Therefore, landing must be carried out according to certain rules. Then the tree will take root and bear fruit.

When to plant cherries in the Moscow region

Spring planting has a number of advantages. A gardener can easily observe the growth of a tree for six months and, if necessary, take action. In addition, there is enough moisture in the soil. And before the first frost, cherries have another 6 months to get stronger.

Planting times also vary depending on regions. So, in the south they start at the end of March. In the Moscow region it is recommended to do this from mid-April

It is important that the temperature does not drop below 5 degrees

Selecting a location and preparing the soil for planting

You can't plant a tree where you have to. After all, cherries are a southern plant. Therefore, the place where it will bear fruit well should be warm, southern, and sunny. The tree should not be shaded, and it should not be placed on a strong hill, as there is no need for wind. It is advisable to plant a plum and apple tree in the neighborhood. Groundwater should not flow under the landing site, this will lead to death. The soil needs to be made loose, breathable, containing clay and sand.

Choosing cherry seedlings for the Moscow region

The right choice of seedling is the key to a large harvest and tasty berries. It must have a vaccination. This is a sign of quality. This means that the tree is not rootless. The conductor must be massive; broken and damaged branches are a bad sign. The tree should be at rest.

How to plant cherries in the spring in the Moscow region

The tree has a developed root system; there should be no neighbors nearby at a distance of 5 meters. You should not immediately place a seedling in it after the hole has been dug. It is worth preparing the place 14 days before strengthening the tree. The height of the pit is a spade bayonet. All grass and even roots nearby are removed. The width is approximately 90 centimeters. The walls narrow closer to the bottom. It is advisable to make a support for the tree.

Growing and caring for cherries in the Moscow region

After planting, you need to monitor how the seedling grows. A meter away from it, you need to periodically loosen the ground and clear it of grass and especially weeds. Watering is carried out 3 times per season. If the yield has dropped, then rejuvenating pruning is carried out. Annual runs are shortened, the buds are not affected, and new shoots are stimulated.

Formation of cherries in the Moscow region

Periodically you need to shape the crown. And this is done not for beauty, but so that all the branches receive light and warmth and do not shade each other. The procedure is carried out a year after planting the seedling. The branches are arranged in tiers. 6-8 main branches are left in the crown.

Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention

Most often, agronomists face the following problems:

Advice! If a gardener does not know how to overcome a disease, it is better to trust an agronomist who will tell you exactly how to treat the tree, how to bring it back to life and avoid relapses.