Russia is a northern country, and in most of its parts, growing vegetables and ornamental flowers is possible only through seedlings. The fact is that our summer is short, and the plants simply do not have time to develop.
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In this article you will find all the most important and necessary information about growing seedlings of various vegetables and flowers, as well as the timing of when to plant seeds in 2022.
How to determine sowing time?
The timing of planting seeds of various vegetables and ornamental flowers is determined taking into account two factors.
- Growing season. For example, in eggplant, from the moment the seeds are sown until the seedling needs to be planted, it takes about 70–90 days.
- Climate of the region. For example, in the Central Black Earth Region, warm weather finally sets in in the second half of May - early June, from this calculation you need to choose the time to plant plants.
Thus, knowing that eggplants in the Middle Zone need to be planted at the end of May - June, and that the seedlings are ready for planting after 2.5 - 3 months, it turns out that seedlings of this crop need to be sown in late February - early March.
REFERENCE. On many packs of seed material, the manufacturer indicates the timing of seed germination and the recommended time for planting in the ground or greenhouse.
But the specific number of sowing seeds must be determined using the lunar calendar.
Table of the best days for planting and sowing according to the lunar calendar for 2022
So, as we found out, according to the different phases of the moon, there are both favorable days for planting or working in your garden plot, and unfavorable ones.
Collected together, such days, together with recommendations, make up the lunar sowing calendar.
Below is a table of such favorable days for sowing seeds of various garden plants.
However, there are also not entirely favorable days, or even generally unfavorable days, when no sowing, planting or other work is carried out. In 2022 these will be the following days:
These days relate more to working with plants. Instead, you can do other work, such as preparing the soil, destroying pests and weeds, preparing compost, etc.
All these dates are common to all plant species. However, some crops also have their own more favorable dates when you can work with them.
So, for example, a calendar of work with plants such as onions, celery, eggplant, peppers and artichokes will look like this.
If you plant different types of cabbage, then this calendar will come in handy.
Favorable days for planting and caring for various melons are shown in the following calendar.
Root vegetables occupy a special place among gardeners. Almost all gardeners grow these crops. In 2022, there will be favorable days for each of these crops.
Many people like to grow herbs, which are then used for salads and spices.
The timing of planting potatoes, as well as root parsley, is shown in the following table.
Planting of trees and shrubs is confined more to the spring or autumn periods. But you can also focus on favorable days for such work.
And in the end I would like to give a general table of favorable planting days for almost all crops grown in the garden.
Based on the data in such a table, you can create a work schedule so that you can carry out all the plantings in your garden plot conveniently and correctly.
What crops are best to germinate with seedlings?
In our country, due to the cold climate, many different crops have to be grown using seedlings, grown for both agricultural and ornamental purposes.
The most popular vegetables are tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and cucumbers . Almost every Russian summer resident sowed these crops for seedlings.
Less commonly, seedlings are planted with celery, cabbage, pumpkin and zucchini, leeks, and exhibition onions .
Some summer residents sow herbs for seedlings: basil, parsley, thyme, lemon balm , etc.
From flower seedlings , lobelia, petunia, eustoma, marigolds, salvia, purslane, zinnia, nasturtium, iberis, kobeya, balsam, etc. are grown.
REFERENCE. In general, almost any crop (even potatoes) can be grown with seedlings. It’s just that, in fact, seedlings are a necessary measure, and not a whim of Russian vegetable growers.
How to care for seedlings
Watering vegetable seedlings
The soil in the container with seedlings should always remain barely moist - neither the soil should dry out nor water should stagnate in it. To make it easier to maintain constant soil moisture, watering is carried out from a sprayer, and the container must be kept on a tray from which excess water is drained. The grown seedlings are watered with a watering can with a divider (shower nozzle), or even better, use the bottom method of moistening, watering into a tray - this stimulates the development of a branched root system in the seedlings.
Water for irrigation is taken settled or filtered, at room temperature, the plants are watered according to the principle “little by little, but often.”
Temperature for vegetable seedlings
According to the criterion of “heat requirements of seedlings,” vegetable crops are divided into three categories:
- cold-resistant, which prefer a lower temperature on average of about 13 ºC, that is, 14-18 ºC during the day and 6-10 ºC at night. These include all types of cabbage (kohlrabi and cauliflower prefer a temperature a couple of degrees higher);
- moderate plants that require 16-18 ºC during the day and 12-14 ºC at night - celery, onions and leeks, beets, lettuce, potatoes;
- plants that require heat, for which a comfortable daytime temperature is 20-24 ºC, and a night temperature is 10-16 ºC - eggplants, peppers, cucumbers, pumpkins, zucchini and squash, melons and watermelons, tomatoes, beans.
The temperature can be adjusted if you are using a greenhouse for seedlings. To do this, adjust the amount of sunlight falling on the plants, and also use ventilation. Seedlings grown at a constant and optimal temperature for the culture are distinguished by good health and subsequently higher productivity, while even a small and short-term decrease in temperature can lead to a delay in the growth of seedlings, and an increase in temperature causes the seedlings to elongate their stems and shrink their leaves.
Fertilizer for seedlings
With the first leaves, the plant runs out of nutrients from the seed, from this moment it is necessary to start adding seedling fertilizer to the mixture. The first fertilizer is especially important if you are using a sterile starting mixture (peat/perlite/vermiculite). Unlike potted plants, which can be given slow-release fertilizers, seedlings require a liquid and fast-absorbing fertilizer.
Seedlings are very sensitive to temperature, especially during fertilization. Cool soil reduces the absorption of nutrients by plants and inhibits the activity of beneficial bacteria in compost fertilizers. In order for fertilizing seedlings to be successful, it is necessary to apply fertilizer at room temperature or a little warmer.
The roots of seedlings are very delicate and sensitive to high concentrations of nitrates and minerals from the fertilizer, so it would be optimal to apply weaker solutions, but more often - once every 7-10 days.
Hardening of seedlings
You can begin hardening of seedlings and acclimatization from the appearance of the first leaves. Give the seedlings a small draft by simply passing your hand over the greenery several times a day. Open the window for several hours a day, move the trays into direct sunlight, starting with an hour a day. Adaptation of seedlings to open ground also includes cool nights and more moderate watering without heating the water. All this is carried out without fanaticism, only for healthy plants and taking into account their type - off-season cabbage, celery, lettuce, chard can withstand even short-term frost, and tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and cucumbers are very sensitive to low temperatures.
Seedling planting calendar in 2022, table
The tables presented provide information on the most successful days for carrying out agrotechnical work on sowing seeds, various crops for seedlings and more.
Information on when to plant crops is presented for each month of 2022.
Table. Roots
| Month | Potato | Carrot | Beet | Radish |
| January | 11, 12, 16, 17, 25, 26, 30, 31 | 11, 12, 16, 17, 25, 26, 30, 31 | 11, 12, 16, 17, 25, 26, 30, 31 | 11, 12, 16, 17, 25, 26, 30, 31 |
| February | 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23, 26, 27 | 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23, 26, 27 | 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23, 26, 27 | 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23, 26, 27 |
| March | 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31 | 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31 | 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31 | 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31 |
| April | 3, 4, 8, 9, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26, 27 | 3, 4, 8, 9, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26, 27 | 3, 4, 8, 9, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26, 27 | 3, 4, 8, 9, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26, 27 |
| May | 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 15, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28 | 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 15, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28 | 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 15, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28 | 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 15, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28 |
| June | 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 24, 25 | 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 24, 25 | 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 24, 25 | 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 24, 25 |
| July | 8, 9, 12, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26 | 8, 9, 12, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26 | 8, 9, 12, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26 | |
| August | 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24 | |||
| September | 1, 2, 5, 6, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29 | |||
| October | 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 27, 30, 31 | |||
| November | 3, 4, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 26, 27, 30 | |||
| December | 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 27, 28, 29 |
Table. Bulbs, legumes and grains
| Month | Onion | Garlic | Peas/Beans, cereals |
| January | 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 17, 25, 26 | 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 17, 25, 26 | 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 17, 25, 26 |
| February | 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23 | 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23 | 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23 |
| March | 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31 | 6, 7, 8, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 | 6, 7, 8, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 |
| April | 3, 4, 8, 9, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 27 | 3, 4, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 | 3, 4, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 |
| May | 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28 | 1, 2, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27, 28 | 1, 2, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27, 28 |
| June | 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 24, 25 | 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 24, 25 | 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 24, 25 |
| July | — | — | 8, 9, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26 |
| August | — | — | 5, 6, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24 |
| September | — | — | 1, 2, 9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29 |
| October | 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 27 | 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 27 | 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 27 |
| November | 3, 4, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 30 | 3, 4, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 30 | 3, 4, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 30 |
| December | 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 27, 28, 29 | 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 27, 28, 29 | 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 27, 28, 29 |
Table for planting seeds for pumpkin and cabbage
| Month | Zucchini / Pumpkin | cucumbers | Cabbage |
| January | 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 17, 25, 26 | 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26 | 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 17, 25, 26 |
| February | 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23 | 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 | 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21 |
| March | 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 29, 30, 31 | 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 19, 20, 21, 22, 29, 30, 31 | 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 19, 20, 21, 22, 29, 30, 31 |
| April | 3, 4, 8, 9, 17, 18, 26, 27 | 3, 4, 8, 9, 15, 17, 18, 26, 27 | 3, 4, 8, 9, 15, 17, 18, 26, 27 |
| May | 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 15, 23, 24, 27, 28 | 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 23, 24, 27, 28 | 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 23, 24, 27, 28 |
| June | 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 19, 20, 24, 25 | 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20, 24, 25 | 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20, 24, 25 |
| July | 8, 9, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26 | 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26 | 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26 |
| August | 5, 6, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 30, 31 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24 |
| September | 1, 2, 9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29 | 1, 2, 9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29 | 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29 |
| October | 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 23, 27 | ||
| November | 3, 4, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 20, 21, 22, 30 | ||
| December | 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 27, 28, 29 | 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27, 28, 29 | 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27, 28, 29 |
Table. Solanaceae
| Month | Tomatoes | Pepper | Eggplant |
| January | 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 17, 25, 26 | 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 17, 25, 26 | 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 17, 25, 26 |
| February | 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23 | 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23 | 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23 |
| March | 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 29, 30, 31 | 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 29, 30, 31 | 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 29, 30, 31 |
| April | 3, 4, 8, 9, 17, 18, 26, 27 | 3, 4, 8, 9, 17, 18, 26, 27 | 3, 4, 8, 9, 17, 18, 26, 27 |
| May | 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 15, 23, 24, 27, 28 | 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 15, 23, 24, 27, 28 | 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 15, 23, 24, 27, 28 |
| June | 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 19, 20, 24, 25 | 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 19, 20, 24, 25 | 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 19, 20, 24, 25 |
| July | 8, 9, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26 | 8, 9, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26 | 8, 9, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26 |
| August | 5, 6, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24 | 5, 6, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24 | — |
| September | 1, 2, 9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29 | 1, 2, 9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29 | — |
| October | 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 27 | — | — |
| November | 3, 4, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 30 | — | — |
| December | 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 27, 28, 29 | 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 27, 28, 29 | 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 27, 28, 29 |
Data for calculating the date of sowing seeds for seedlings
| Culture | Average growing season | Seedling age | Germination time |
| Watermelon | early varieties: 65-80 days, mid-late varieties: 85-95 days, late varieties: 88-110 days | 20-25 days | 3-7 days |
| Basil | 140-160 days | 45 days | 5-7 days |
| Eggplant | early varieties: 100-110 days, mid-season varieties: 120-140 days | 50-60 days | 7-10 days |
| Melon | early varieties: 63-75 days middle varieties: 78-90 days late varieties: 95-135 days | 20-25 days | 3-7 days |
| Strawberries | perennial crop | 50-70 days | 10-30 days |
| Zucchini | 40-60 days | 20-25 days | 2-4 days |
| White cabbage | early varieties: 85-100 days middle varieties: 100-130 days late varieties: 140-180 days | 45 days | 3-4 days |
| Potato | early varieties: 40-70 days mid-season varieties: 75-90 days late varieties: 95-120 days | 30-40 days | 5-8 days |
| Cucumber | early varieties: 37-45 days mid-season varieties: 45-55 days late varieties: 55-70 days | 20-25 days for open ground 30-35 days for greenhouses | 2-4 days |
| Pepper | early varieties: 80-110 days mid-season varieties: 110-125 days late varieties: 130-150 days | 50-60 days | 7-10 days |
| Celery | 140-200 days | 60-70 days | 7-10 days |
| Tomatoes | early varieties: 70-100 days mid-season varieties: 111-125 days late varieties: 115-130 days | tall: 50-60 days medium-sized: 50-55 days standard: 40-45 days | 5-8 days |
| Pumpkin | early varieties: 95-100 days mid-season varieties: 100-120 days late varieties: 125-150 days | 20-25 days | 2-4 days |
Planting dates for different crops depending on the region
In different regions of our country, seedlings are planted at different times. In the south (Crimea, Kuban and the Caucasus) sowing can be done earlier; in cold regions (Urals, Siberia, Far East) it is better not to rush with seedlings.
Planting dates for different crops in the Southern regions
Tomato seedlings
- Tomatoes begin to be sown from the last ten days of February to the first ten days of March . Early varieties are planted in February, mid-season and late varieties in March.
- Eggplants are sown for seedlings in the first ten days of March.
- Peppers are planted in early February .
- The planting time for cucumbers is the first half of April . Optimal dates are from the 10th to the 15th.
- Cabbage is sown with seeds in 2 batches. Early varieties from February 10 to 15 . Mid-ripening varieties in the 20th of March .
Planting dates for different crops in the Black Earth Region
- Tomato seedlings are planted from the 20th of February to the first ten days of April inclusive. Early varieties - from March 1 to March 25. Mid-season and late varieties are planted twice: from March 1 to 10 and from April 1 to 10.
- Eggplants are sown on good days, from February 10 to March 15 .
- Peppers, depending on the variety, begin to be planted from February 10 to April 5 .
- Cucumbers for seedlings are sown in April (for protected ground) and in the first half of May (for open ground).
- Cabbage is sown with seeds from early March to mid-April.
Planting dates for various crops in the Moscow region and the Middle Zone
- Tomatoes begin to be sown on favorable days from the second decade of March until mid-April .
- Peppers are planted in the second ten days of March .
- Eggplants - in the third ten days of March .
- Cucumbers are sown from the 20th of April to the 10th of May .
- Cabbage is planted in the second half of March .
Planting dates for various crops in the Urals and Siberia
- Early varieties of tomatoes are planted in early April . Mid-ripening and late-ripening - in the second ten days of March .
- Peppers are sown in the second ten days of March .
- Eggplants - in the 1st decade of April .
- Cucumbers are sown for seedlings in the last week of April .
- Cabbage is sown with seeds in 2 batches. Early and colorful - in the first ten days of March . Mid-season - in the last days of April .
IMPORTANT! Breeders specifically develop different varieties for different climatic zones. Buy seeds that are suitable for your region.
What flowers to sow for seedlings in February
1. Summer plants with a long growing season , the flowering of which occurs several months after sowing. For example, Shabot carnation blooms 5–6 months after sowing. Eustoma seedlings develop slowly. At the end of February, you can start sowing eustoma, petunia, pansies, kobeya, sage, azarina, diascea, calceolaria and purslane.
2. Perennial tuberous plants , the sowing time of which has a great influence on the formation of tubers, for example, tuberous begonia. When propagated by seed, its flowering occurs in approximately 5.5–6.5 months. Tubers are best formed in plants with December and January sowing dates. In plants sown in March, the tubers are significantly smaller in size by autumn: 1–1.5 cm versus 2–2.5 cm.
3. Plants whose seeds require preliminary stratification : aquilegia, arizema, spring and stemless gentians, bathworts, rutovniki, codonopsis, clematis, princelings, prolomniki, perennial violets, alpine bells, jeffersonias, irises, most bulbous plants, lavender, primroses, lumbago.
4. Plants with an extended germination period , for example, primrose. Plants whose seeds are difficult to germinate - a month or more - are perennial seeds that have a dense shell.
5. Indoor plants that feel great not only in the garden, but also in rooms: balsams, pelargoniums, fuchsias, hot peppers.
6. Summer plants for early flowering in containers on loggias and glazed terraces: lobelia and petunia sown in early February will bloom in early May.
Find out what other plants you can sow for seedlings in February from our selection of master classes >>>>>>>>
What days are not suitable for sowing seeds in 2022?
In general, you can work with plants on any day of the year, with the exception of new and full moons.
Experienced gardeners prefer not to carry out any manipulations with vegetables at this time.
ON A NOTE. In addition, some try not to work with plants the day before and the day after these lunar phases.
For your convenience, information about full moons and new moons in 2022 is presented in the corresponding table.
Table. Unlucky days for carrying out agricultural work in 2022
| Month | Full moon | New moon |
| January | 18 | 2 |
| February | 16 | 1 |
| March | 18 | 2 |
| April | 16 | 1, 30 |
| May | 16 | 30 |
| June | 14 | 29 |
| July | 13 | 28 |
| August | 12 | 27 |
| September | 10 | 26 |
| October | 9 | 25 |
| November | 8 | 24 |
| December | 8 | 23 |
IMPORTANT! Here and below, lunar phases are indicated according to Moscow time. If the time in your region differs from the capital's, take this fact into account.
Influence of the Moon on sowing dates, recommendations for choosing a day
You can start sowing seeds at the beginning of the new year, i.e. in January. Before landing, be sure to focus on what phase the Moon is in.
There are four in total:
- ◐ — growing;
- ○ — Full Moon;
- ◑ — decreasing;
- ● — New Moon.
The most favorable period is during the waxing Moon. The earth at this time helps plants develop, giving them all its riches. To get healthy shoots and healthy sprouts, you should start sowing seeds for seedlings during this period.
The New Moon and Full Moon are considered the most unfavorable. At this time, it is better to abandon plantings, because they will sprout poorly and develop slowly. It is recommended to do other work. For example, preventive treatment against diseases and pests, loosening, etc.
Full moon
New moon
Note! One day before and after the new moon and full moon are also unfavorable. It is also not worth sowing at this time.
Before planting seeds to obtain seedlings, it is necessary to focus not only on the phase, but also on the Zodiac. The table below shows the most favorable signs for certain plants.
Legend:
- d.x. — planting for long-term storage;
- R. l. - plant when the moon is waxing;
- u. l. — landing during the waning moon;
- l. l. — can be landed on any Moon;
- b. u. — planting for quick consumption;
- n. With. - it is better to refuse sowing and planting.
- ♌ - Leo;
- ♍ - Virgo;
- ♎ — Libra;
- ♏ — Scorpio;
- ♐ — Sagittarius;
- ♑ — Capricorn;
- ♒ — Aquarius;
- ♓ — Pisces;
- ♈ - Aries;
- ♉ - Taurus;
- ♊ — Gemini;
- ♋ - Cancer.
| Culture | ♑ | ♒ | ♓ | ♈ | ♉ | ♊ | ♋ | ♌ | ♍ | ♎ | ♏ | ♐ |
| Tomatoes | R. l. | b. u. | R. l. | R. l. | R. l. | |||||||
| Pepper | b. u. | R. l. | R. l. | R. l. | l. l. | |||||||
| Eggplant | b. u. | R. l. | R. l. | n. With. | l. l. | |||||||
| cucumbers | b. at | R. l. | R. l. | n. With. | R. l. | R. l. | ||||||
| Legumes | R. l. | l. l. | l. l. | n. With. | ||||||||
| Zucchini | l. l. | R. l. | R. l. | n. With. | ||||||||
| Cabbage | d.x. | b. u. | u. l. d.x. | R. l. | R. l. | d.x. | ||||||
| Onion | u. l. d.x. | u. l. d.x. | u. l. | n. With. | u. l. | d.x. | l. l. | |||||
| Potato | u. l. d.x. | u. l. d.x. | u. l. | n. With. | u. l. | d.x. | ||||||
| Carrot | u. l. d.x. | u. l. d.x. | u. l. | n. With. | u. l. | d.x. | ||||||
| Radish | u. l. | b. u. | b. u. | u. l. | u. l. | |||||||
| Radish | u. l. d.x. | d.x. | u. l. | n. With. | u. l. | |||||||
| Turnip | u. l. d.x. | d.x. l. l. | u. l. | n. With. | u. l. | d.x. | ||||||
| Beet | u. l. d.x. | d.x. l. l. | u. l. | n. With. | u. l. | d.x. | ||||||
| Pumpkin | d.x. | l. l. | R. l. | d.x. | R. l. | R. l. | d.x. | R. l. | ||||
| Garlic | u. l. d.x. | d.x. l. l. | u. l. | n. With. | l. l. | |||||||
| Salad | b. u. | b. u. | R. l. | |||||||||
| Spinach | b. u. | b. u. | R. l. | |||||||||
| Dill and parsley | b. u. | b. u. | R. l. | |||||||||
| Flowers | l. l. | l. l. | l. l. | l. l. | l. l. | |||||||
| Ornamental plants | ||||||||||||
| Strawberries | l. l. | l. l. | ||||||||||
| Berry bushes | R. l. | l. l. | ||||||||||
| Fruit trees | R. l. |
During other periods there are no special prohibitions or recommendations.
How do the phases of the moon affect seedlings?
Among summer residents, it is believed that the moon has a direct influence on the development of plants. Therefore, all agricultural work is carried out in accordance with its phases.
There are 4 phases in total: new moon, full moon, waxing and waning moon.
This may seem like superstition, but there is a completely understandable logical explanation. During the waxing moon, the liquid (juice) in plant tissues moves upward. Accordingly, leaves and stems develop, buds and fruits are formed. During a waning moon, fluid pressure is directed downward. Therefore, the root system receives more nutrients.
Moon phases
during the new moon and full moon . It is better not to disturb the plants. There is no need to plant, replant, pinch or pick up seedlings. But it is allowed to carry out weeding, loosening the soil, and fighting pests.
INTERESTING. You can determine the phase of the moon by looking at the sky. If the bright visible part of the moon looks like the letter “C,” it means that the moon is “aging,” that is, waning.
In the table below you can find information on the phases of the waxing and waning moon for the entire 2022.
Table. Phases of the waxing and waning moon in 2022 by month.
| Month | Waxing Crescent | Waning moon |
| January | 3-17 | 1, 19-31 |
| February | 2-15 | 17-28 |
| March | 3-17 | 1, 19-31 |
| April | 2-15 | 17-29 |
| May | 1-15, 31 | 17-29 |
| June | 1-13, 30 | 15-28 |
| July | 1-12, 29-31 | 14-27 |
| August | 1-11, 28-31 | 13-26 |
| September | 1-9, 27-30 | 11-25 |
| October | 1-8, 26-31 | 10-24 |
| November | 1-7, 25-30 | 9-23 |
| December | 1-7, 24-31 | 9-22 |
Unfavorable days for sowing in 2022
The most unfavorable days throughout 2022 for absolutely all crops are considered to be the following dates of each month:
- January – from 12 to 14, 28;
- February – from 10 to 12, 27;
- March – from 12 to 14, 28;
- April – from 11 to 13, 27;
- May – from 10 to 12, 26;
- June – from 9 to 11, 24;
- July – from 9 to 11, 24;
- August – from 7 to 9, 22;
- September – from 6 to 8, 21;
- October – from 5 to 7, 20;
- November – from 4 to 6, 19;
- December – from 3 to 5, 19.
These days you should not sow seeds, pick up seedlings, or transplant them into a greenhouse or open beds. The same rule applies to all flowers, medicinal herbs, shrubs and trees.
When is the best time to sow flowers?
Annual flowers begin to be propagated in seedlings in January. They continue sowing seeds until April, since in May it is already possible to plant seeds in the garden.
The choice of a specific month for planting is determined based on the developmental characteristics of a particular plant. Those flowers that take a long time to develop should be sown already in January.
For example, tuberous begonia blooms 160 - 180 days after planting the seeds. And, if you add to this time the days for preparing and stratifying planting material, you get almost 7 months.
We have distributed the sowing dates of the most popular garden flowers by month and presented all the information in tabular form.
We focused on Central Russia, so if the climate of your region differs from the Moscow Region or Ryazan, then make a small adjustment for this.
Table. Dates for sowing flower seeds for seedlings in 2022
| Month | Name of colors |
| January | Aquillegia, Carnation, Begonia, Lumbago, Bromerus, Delphinium, Petunia, Verbena, Bellflower, Primula, Pelargonium, Gentian, Jeffersonia, Prince, Irises |
| February | Heliotrope, Fuchsia, Lobelia, Impatiens, Viola, Salvia, Lavender, as well as all flowers planted in January |
| March | Echinacea, Summer gillyflower, Penstemona, Kobea, Sweet tobacco, Phlox, Lobularia, Dianthus grass, Campanula, Petunia, Iberis, Azarina, Ageratum, Snapdragon, Brachycoma, Helichrysum, Cleome, Coleus, Arctotis |
| April | Aster, Marigold, Helipterum, Zinnia, Kochia, Celosia, Dahlias, Amaranth, Ageratum, Tritoma, Venidium, Limonium, Daisy, Scabiosa, Godetia, Lobularia |
REFERENCE. In May, it is already quite warm in Central Russia, and flowers can be sown directly in the garden. For Siberia and the Urals, simply move the dates forward by 14 - 30 days.
What work needs to be done in the garden during 2021
Gardeners and vegetable gardeners will never be bored all year round, since there is always work to be done in the garden. During 2021 you need to:
- protect conifers from the sun;
- remove snow from trees so that branches do not break under its weight;
- clear snow from greenhouse roofs;
- sow flower seeds;
- carry out stratification of perennial seeds;
- check planting material – seeds, tubers, bulbs;
- prepare cuttings of fruit trees to plant in the spring;
- force root crops and bulbous plants;
- water and feed the forcing;
- grow microgreens;
- cutting coniferous plants;
- buy seeds, gardening tools;
- order planting material;
- plan sowing and planting;
- replace rodent baits;
- fill bird feeders.
How to determine the time to transplant seedlings into open ground
The time for transplanting seedlings into a vegetable garden, garden or greenhouse is determined based on 2 factors:
- Age and appearance of seedlings;
- Weather conditions.
The average age for planting seedlings in a permanent place is 55 – 60 days. It is believed that during this time the plants have gained enough strength. And now they can survive planting in open ground and changing weather conditions relatively painlessly.
Seedlings begin to be planted in May, with rare exceptions (for example, eustoma is planted in April). By the time of transplantation, the soil should warm up to 15 degrees, and the air temperature should reach 18 degrees during the day and 15 degrees at night.
In the south of Russia, such weather finally sets in in May, in the Moscow region and surrounding areas - towards the end of May, in the Urals and the Far East - in the last days of May and early June.
REFERENCE. The seedlings are transferred to the greenhouse 1 - 2 weeks earlier.
Before planting seedlings, be sure to harden them. This procedure consists of gradually accustoming the plants to new conditions. First, the cassettes and pots are taken outside for a couple of hours. Then the residence time of the seedlings is increased until, finally, it remains to spend the night in the open air.
IMPORTANT! If the weather turns bad, it's best to bring your plants home to avoid exposing them to unnecessary risks.
How to plant seedlings in the Moscow region
The Moscow region is quite capricious, but at the same time not very cold, although cooler than average. It is not much different from the middle zone, however, in the Moscow region, recurrent frosts are not uncommon, which can be observed until the beginning of the first summer month. Therefore, there is no need to rush to sow heat-loving crops, for example, pepper.
| Advice. Focus on planting seedlings no earlier than mid-May and early June. It is from these dates that we need to calculate the optimal sowing time for a particular crop. |
Let's take celery root as an example. It is often grown in the Moscow region through seedlings. Root celery seedlings need quite a long time for their development, usually 70 days, but they can be planted on a site in the Moscow region around May 20. Therefore, from May 20 back you need to count exactly 70 days and add to this another 5-6 days necessary for seed germination, you will get the optimal time for sowing celery root seeds to obtain seedlings.
In the same way, you can calculate the timing for sowing seeds of any vegetable crops in the Moscow region. Everything you need to know:
- optimal timing for planting seedlings of a particular crop in a permanent place;
- plant age;
- the approximate time it takes for the seeds to germinate and seedlings to appear on the soil surface.
When growing seedlings in the Moscow region, it is imperative to arm yourself with additional lighting lamps. There are more sunny days here than in the northern regions, but still there is not enough light.
To prevent the seedlings from stretching out, they need to be supplemented with light, extending the daylight hours to 12–14 hours, this is the optimal time. The most suitable supplementary lighting lamps in the Moscow region are phytolamps.
Interesting Facts
- Astrologers advise those crops that “grow upward” (for example, tomatoes) to be planted during the waxing moon. And those crops that “grow downwards” (for example, carrots) should be planted when the moon is waning.
- It is believed that no crops can be planted under the constellation Aquarius. It is also not recommended to carry out picking and transplanting.
- Picking is a painful procedure. Not all cultures tolerate it well. Therefore, whenever possible, place planting material in separate containers.
- To ensure that the seedlings develop evenly, turn them from time to time with the other side facing the sun.
- Stratification is a useful procedure. With its help you simulate winter conditions. Then, when the seeds are moved from cold to warm, they grow and develop noticeably faster.
- On the back of the packet of seeds, manufacturers usually write all the information about the timing of planting and transplanting seedlings.
- At first, water the seedlings with a syringe or moisten them with a spray bottle. The fact is that when watering seedlings with a watering can, you can wash the seeds from the soil.
- Use fresh seeds. Do not purchase seed material that is 2-3 years old. Most likely, you will not wait for the shoots to emerge; you should not plant it.
What flowers to sow for seedlings in March
- In March, annual flowers are sown for early flowering : ageratum, alyssum, annual asters, arctotis, pansies, venidium, verbena, gatsanias, helichrysum, sweet peas, sweet tobacco, gillyflower, lobelias, snapdragons, cleomes, penstemon, petunias, salvias, cineraria, celosia, Drummond's phlox.
- Perennial flowers: carnations, cornflowers, cornflowers.
- Indoor plants: hippeastrum, dwarf pomegranate, gloxinia, coffee, laurel, citrus fruits, lemon eucalyptus, palm trees. These crops can be sown all year round, but in March the duration of natural daylight increases, which makes it possible to do without artificial additional lighting. In addition, seedlings that grow from seeds sown in March manage to get stronger by the fall, which allows them to survive the next winter without loss.
- Plants suitable for potting and gardening: balsams, brovallias, coleus, kufei, pelargoniums, schisanthus, fuchsias and others.
Answers to frequently asked questions
What to do if it is not possible to sow seeds on a good day according to the calendar?
Not everyone can adjust their schedule to the lunar phases. There's nothing wrong with that. Plant at any time other than new and full moons. You just have to take a little more care of the seedlings.
Is it worth sowing in January - February?
During the winter months, it is worth planting only the longest-growing vegetables and plants. The fact is that at this time there is too little sun. The seedlings will not have enough light and will grow worse.
On the other hand, there are plants that develop quickly. If you plant them in January or early February, then by the time the seedlings are ready for planting, there will still be snow on the garden.
The optimal time for planting seedlings in Central Russia is the end of February - beginning of March.
Is it possible to plant seedlings in May?
There is little point in planting seeds for seedlings in May. It's already warm, and soon it will be time to plant seedlings. It is better to wait a couple of weeks and sow in open ground or a greenhouse.
What soil is needed for seedlings?
To grow seedlings, you need loose, nutritious soil of neutral acidity (unless otherwise indicated on the packet of seeds). The point is that the seeds need to germinate. This will be difficult to do in heavy soil.
If your flower or hardware store has a specialized substrate for various crops, you can use it. But ordinary universal primer will do just fine.
ADVICE. Before planting, it is advisable to disinfect the substrate. You can pour it with a pink solution of potassium permanganate or bake it in the oven.
Do I need to stimulate the seeds, as well as soak and stratify the seeds before planting?
It all depends on what seeds you buy. Some companies offer modern coated seeds. They have already undergone pre-sowing preparation, and nothing needs to be done with them.
If you buy planting material in “old” white packets, then the seeds must be prepared for planting.
Why don't the seeds germinate?
- First, remember, don't try to save money on old seeds. Planting material 2-3 years old does not germinate well, so you should not sow it.
- Secondly, you don’t need to deepen the seeds when you plant them.
- Third, use loose soil.
- Fourthly, do not rush when planting seedlings. Each crop has its own germination period.
Is it necessary to harden seedlings?
Hardening is a mandatory procedure. It helps seedlings better adapt to climatic conditions. But a sharp transition from the warmth of home to the coolness of open ground is detrimental to plants.
How to grow vegetable seedlings
Pots for vegetable seedlings
Both beginners and experienced gardeners have to solve the problem with containers for seedlings. Despite the fact that many have developed a prejudiced attitude towards plastic, today it is the most accessible and harmless material in which vegetable seedlings grow and develop well. For the manufacture of such containers, a material without harmful substances is used, unlike cardboard containers, which are impregnated with protection against bacteria and fungi that cause rotting. Under the influence of these impregnations, vegetable seedlings slow down or even stop growing until the chemical wears off.
Plastic seedling boxes or seedling cassettes with a tray are the best choice if you have big plans for growing garden crops. It is better, of course, to grow a small number of seedlings in ceramic pots, since in this case you can avoid picking the seedlings, but the pots are bulky, and there is already not enough space on our window sills.
Instead of ceramic pots, seedlings with a long tap root, which is easily damaged during transplantation, can be sown in peat pots, which eliminate the need to pick plants, and the seedlings are planted in open ground without removing them from the pot, but directly in it: it does not prevent the plant roots from germinating through its walls and bottom deep into the soil. In addition, the porous walls allow the seedlings to breathe; they do not contain pathogens or harmful impurities.
Another wonderful invention will help you grow healthy seedlings - peat tablets for seedlings. They can be stored somewhere in a drawer, taking up almost no space, until they are needed. And when you need them, you simply throw them into the water, wait for them to swell, then lay out the seeds on them, which you sprinkle on top with a thin layer of soil. Then the tablets are put on a tray and placed on the windowsill to await germination.
Soil for vegetable seedlings
Land for seedlings comes in different compositions, but it must meet certain requirements:
- the soil must be fertile and balanced, saturated with macro- and microelements in the form in which plants can accept them;
- the soil for seedlings must have such qualities as lightness, porosity and looseness, so that oxygen can flow through it to the roots of the plants;
- the soil must be hygroscopic;
- the soil pH for seedlings should be within 6.5-7;
- the soil must contain beneficial microflora.
But what should not be in the soil for seedlings is:
- toxins that saturate the ground along airfields, major highways, and on lawns in smoky cities. It is better to take soil from a forest, grove or forest plantation;
- actively decomposing components, the decomposition process of which increases the temperature sometimes up to 30 ºC, from which the root system of seedlings can die;
- clay, the presence of which makes any soil unsuitable for seedlings.
Today there are soils on sale for literally all vegetable crops, and there are also universal compositions on the basis of which you can independently create the substrate you need. The following components are unsuitable for preparing a seedling soil mixture: various composts, leaf soil, rotted manure (humus), wood shavings, unprocessed lowland peat, sawdust of wood, varnished or impregnated with creazote, hay dust and chopped straw, unwashed sea sand, unwashed clay quarry sand.
Components used for the preparation of seedling soil mixtures: high-moor, transitional, as well as frozen and weathered lowland peat, high-temperature turf soil, sand and sandy loam from meadows, but not garden soil, sphagnum, pine sawdust, crushed bark of coniferous trees, fallen pine needles, shells peanuts, grain husks.
Lamps for vegetable seedlings
Let's make a reservation right away: we do not consider incandescent lamps as lighting for seedlings, since they generate too much heat and too little light. For seedlings, lamps with a different radiation spectrum are needed. To organize lighting at home, fluorescent fluorescent lamps or phytolamps with a violet-pink spectrum of light are most often used.
Of the fluorescent lamps for illuminating seedlings, those with a cold spectrum are more suitable. To organize the illumination of a window sill 80-100 cm long, you will need one fluorescent lamp with a power of 30 W of the cold spectrum, and in the electrical department you can purchase a lamp, lamp, plug and wire in a set. Phytolamps have become more popular recently because they emit even less heat and have a better light spectrum at the same power as fluorescent lamps. A good result is obtained by combining a phytolamp and a fluorescent lamp in one place, each 18 W.
At the initial stage of growing seedlings, when the shoots have just appeared, the lamps should be placed close, at a distance of 10-15 cm from the container. It would be appropriate to use reflectors that increase the efficiency of illumination, not allowing the light to spread in different directions, but directing it directly to the seedlings, and at the same time protect our vision from the tiring light of fluorescent lamps and the harmful radiation of phytolamps. Reflectors are made from self-adhesive mirror film glued to cardboard, foil for flowers, or just a sheet of Whatman paper - the most successful device for reflecting light, which does not form glare, but produces soft diffused light, which is so useful for plants.
We sow pumpkin seedlings, when to sow and plant in the ground
Like all seeds, pumpkin seeds germinate in a period of 7 to 10 days, and the mature seedlings (there should be at least 3-4 leaves on the bush) are planted in open ground - no later than 30 days (this is the deadline), it is best to plant around 25 days after sprouts appear. https://worldluxrealty.com
Pumpkin will grow well and give a good harvest in the place where carrots, beets, cabbage and legumes grew last year; you cannot plant it where potatoes, melons or sunflowers grew.
Lunar calendar for 2022 and lunar influence on plants depending on phase
- During the period of lunar growth, seeds are well accepted. The optimal time to acclimatize plants and flowers that ripen and bloom in the air. During the period of rounding the night luminary, perennial plants are planted, as well as vegetables with ground parts and herbs. Cuttings and grafting of plants are carried out.
- During the lunar waning period, plants with root crops are planted. The seedlings are well accepted and produce a good harvest. The first shoots are thinned out and fertilized with fertilizers. Pruning perennial plants slows down their growth.
- During the new moon, plant sap flow is concentrated in the root system . According to the lunar calendar, during this period it is recommended to refrain from land work, as well as on the eve of the new moon and the next day. Weeds are removed and dry branches are trimmed. Surface soil moisture.
- During the full moon, sap flow is concentrated in the upper part of the shoots. Therefore, it is not recommended to replant or trim plants. It is possible to carry out work on the ground without affecting the underground part. Disease prevention, harvesting for the winter. During the full moon they do not pinch or pinch.
Each horoscope sign affects the formation of one of the components of the plant - the underground part, foliage, flowering and fruit development.
Sign influence
How to grow seeds for pepper seedlings, how long does it grow?
The approximate time for growing seeds for pepper seedlings and depending on the conditions of detention is two months (60-65 days) before planting them in open ground. This line also includes 7-10 days of pepper seed germination. Be sure to harden the seedlings before planting them in the ground - take them out into the open air (during the day) for 2-3 hours and no more. https://worldluxrealty.com
As for crop rotation, pepper cannot be planted in the same place for 3 years, that is, after the last season, it can only be planted in the same place in the third, or better yet, the fourth year.
We sow zucchini seeds 2022, when to sow zucchini according to the calendar
Zucchini is very popular among domestic summer residents; they are happy to plant this tasty, healthy and unpretentious vegetable in their cultivation, on their land (summer cottages, garden plots), or in greenhouses. Zucchini is grown from seedlings throughout the summer season and for various purposes.
Early zucchini is planted in the spring, during April-May and depending on the region with its climatic features, and they are eaten, as they say, straight from the garden, stewed and fried, as well as late zucchini, for preservation for the winter, they are planted in June-July.
