A tasty, healthy and exquisite dessert is grape berries: shiny, juicy, as if radiating from the inside from the sunlight they have accumulated. One of the most popular table varieties is the Cardinal grape. It seems that these grapes have collected the best attributes that are expected from the fruits of a generous southern vine - visual attractiveness and unsurpassed taste. This is precisely what its creators, Californian breeders, strived for in the distant 30s of the last century. Two decades later, domestic scientists began to study the promising vine in order to develop more winter-hardy bushes.
Knowing the history of the creation of the Cardinal grape variety, it is strange to understand that it is by no means an Italian guest. Its bright, picturesque vines and leaves are strongly associated with the landscapes of the Apennine Peninsula. Despite the care that must be given to the grape bushes of this variety, in the south of Russia it still occupies a worthy place among table vines. Still, the original form of the Cardinal grape is inimitable and deserves increased attention from winegrowers.
Features of planting seedlings
The correct choice of place and timing of planting is the key to the success of growing fruit-bearing vineyards. The cardinal is relatively capricious and demanding. The yield of the variety depends on full compliance with the rules of agricultural technology.
Recommended timing
Grapes are planted both in spring and autumn. The second option is suitable for the warmest regions, as young plants will have enough time to take root and adapt. When planting in autumn, insulation of grapes is mandatory.
But in cooler areas, spring is chosen for such work. With this planting, the plant will have the whole season to gain strength and take root before the onset of frost.
Choosing a suitable location
Cardinal grapes prefer well-lit, sunny places where the rays will fall on it all day long. It is ideal to locate the vineyards on the south or southwest side of the buildings. But even in partial shade the plant develops well, for example, on the eastern or northern side.
Light should fall on the plant constantly, even if it is not direct sunlight.
Cardinal grapes prefer well-lit, sunny places.
Properly chosen soil is a guarantee of strong, healthy and fruit-bearing vines. It is best to choose sandy areas with good drainage of water from the roots during the rainy season. The ideal option for Cardinal is neutral soils with an acidity level of 5-7 pH. The crop grows well on loam, sandy loam and fertile black soil.
The area where the vine grows must be protected from cold gusts of wind and drafts. It is preferable to choose hillocks for planting where water does not stagnate. And since the Cardinal grape is a rapidly growing vine, the selected area should have enough space for the vine.
Origin
Among the 10,000 grape varieties existing in the world, some of which are presented on our website, it is generally recognized for its exceptional showiness of large berries, color palette of red-lilac tones , and the inimitable light muscat aroma of crispy light green pulp. Muscat of Hamburg, Pleven and Vostorg are close to it in taste.
It is a dear guest at the holiday table, an exquisite appetizer for dessert wines, a source of health and endorphins - the hormones of joy.
It seems that its bright brown shoots and five-lobed shiny leaves look at us from all the landscapes of the Mediterranean.
But in the twentieth century, the variety’s homeland became distant California , whose geographic latitude, even compared to Italy, is closer to the equator. Another spectacular guest of our gardens comes from California - the Witch's Fingers grape.
This is where this varietal masterpiece comes from such a heat-loving character and such vulnerability to unfavorable conditions : if it happens to rain and get slightly colder, gray rot appears on the leaves.
As the first person in the community of table varieties, he requires careful attention and constant care, but all the difficulties of agricultural technology are paid off by the commercial appearance of the sunny berry.
The size of the Cardinal berries reaches 40 mm in diameter. This berry cannot be eaten in one bite. Another representative of grapes with large berries is the Atos variety.
Rules for caring for a vineyard
The most important time when growing any vineyard is the first year after planting. At this time, the following procedures are required:
- loosening bushes;
- periodic watering;
- formative pruning;
- prevention and pest control.
At the end of the growing season, the plants are carefully prepared for the upcoming winter. All fallen leaves are removed and destroyed from the soil surface, diseased and damaged shoots are pruned, and the vines are treated to prevent pests.
Watering
The very first and most abundant watering is carried out during planting. Plants need water for faster rooting and growth. Subsequently, the frequency and volume of irrigation are adjusted in accordance with natural precipitation. The first year the vineyards are watered weekly.
Excess moisture should not be allowed, as the root system may begin to rot and the berries may crack.
Be sure to carry out 3 waterings during important growing seasons for grapes:
- After the plant awakens after winter, when the grapes need a lot of strength to start the new growing season.
- Before flowering.
- At the end of the season, moisture-replenishing irrigation is carried out in order to prepare for wintering.
Before flowering, the vineyard must be watered.
The rest of the time, water the plants as needed.
Weeding and loosening
Since for normal growth of vineyards plants need soil that allows air to pass through well and does not retain oxygen, loosening is carried out regularly. The procedure is required before each heavy watering, as well as after rains.
In parallel with loosening, weeding is carried out to completely remove weeds. Grass negatively affects crop growth. Weeds take some of the nutrients and moisture from the soil, and are also often the cause of the development of diseases and a place of residence for pests.
Feeding scheme
Timely application of fertilizers is of great importance for the normal growth and development of vineyards. Since the crop is a perennial, vigorously growing plant, the land is quickly depleted. The first year, fertilization is not necessary, since a sufficient amount of nutrients is provided during planting.
From the second year of cultivation, the following feeding scheme is recommended:
- Immediately after the grapes awaken, nitrogen-based nutritional compounds, for example, ammonium nitrate, are added.
- At the beginning of May, a nutritional composition is prepared, consisting of superphosphate, potassium chloride, and nitrate.
- Immediately after flowering, the previous feeding option will be repeated.
- During the period of formation and growth of berries, potassium salt and superphosphate are added to the soil.
- At the end of June, a solution based on potassium chloride and superphosphate is used.
- Before winter, ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride, and superphosphate are added to the soil.
Before winter, ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride or potassium salt, superphosphate are added to the soil
Periodically during the season, the vineyards can be additionally fertilized with wood ash.
Cardinal grapes respond positively to the application of organic fertilizers. Manure and compost are pre-infused in water and then diluted. You can use organic matter only in the spring during the first and second feeding.
Mulching
An important procedure when growing grapes is mulching. With the help of this agricultural technique, several goals can be achieved:
- prevent the evaporation of moisture from the soil surface;
- slow down the growth of weeds;
- enrich the soil with nutrients.
As mulch, you can use straw, chopped freshly cut grass, peat mixed with sawdust, compost, and humus.
Straw, freshly cut grass, peat can be used as mulch.
Pruning and shaping the bush
The formation of the vine begins from the first year after planting. After adaptation, the plants leave 1-2 of the strongest shoots. As they grow, they are fixed to trellises. Timely early garter will help protect the bushes from improper growth and breakage. In the first autumn, grown shoots are cut off, leaving 3 buds.
In the second year, the grapes are pruned so that there are 2 shoots left for fruiting and one as a replacement knot. In the third year, pruning is carried out so that there are already 4 shoots left for fruiting and 2 knots of replacement vines. Vines that will bear fruit are pruned after 8 buds, and replacement knots after 3 buds.
For the first 4-5 years, formative pruning is carried out. And in the future they simply make sure that the shoots do not thicken, remove excess shoots, diseased and damaged areas.
Vineyard pruning scheme in autumn by year
Prevention and protection against pests and diseases
Cardinal grapes are prone to fungal diseases. Plantings may be affected by:
- mildew;
- gray and white rot;
- oidium;
- chlorosis.
Pathogenic microflora, which are pathogens, are constantly present in the vineyard. Bacteria and spores overwinter in fallen leaves, under the scales of the eyes. When creating a comfortable, favorable microflora, pathogenic microorganisms begin to quickly develop and multiply. The disease begins to progress.
It is difficult to completely cure a diseased vineyard; more often than not, it is only possible to stop the spread of the disease.
For this reason, the best treatment and protection against diseases is full compliance with the rules of agricultural technology:
- removal of fallen leaves followed by burning;
- treatment with fungicides in a timely manner;
- sanitary pruning of vines in spring and autumn.
Depending on the type of fungal disease, various drugs are used for prevention and treatment:
- in the fight against mildew, preparations based on copper and zinc (homecin, zineb, polychome), as well as systemic fungicides (arcerid, ridomide) are used;
In the fight against mildew, preparations based on copper and zinc (polychome) are used.
- Sulfur-based products will help cope with oidium;
- To prevent and treat rot, use a solution of baking soda or euparen.
Often, due to malnutrition of the vineyards, chlorosis may begin to develop. It is manifested by yellowing of leaves, their gradual drying and death. To combat and prevent chlorosis, the used feeding scheme with mineral fertilizers is reviewed and adjusted.
The main and most dangerous pests of vineyards are wasps and birds. They can destroy almost all ripe berries in a short time. You can protect them by wrapping each brush in a separate bag of gauze or thin fabric. This method is labor-intensive and time-consuming, but will completely save the harvest. You can also install a fence made of fine mesh (metal or plastic).
Fishing nets should not be used for such purposes, as the bird may become entangled in them and die.
The Cardinal variety can also suffer from grape flea beetles. A small black insect the size of a regular flea feeds on plant sap, making many holes in the foliage. Special chemicals are used for treatment.
The grape flea beetle feeds on plant sap, making many holes in the foliage.
Preparing for winter
Cardinal grapes love warmth. It should not be planted in cold climates. If the temperature in the region in winter approaches -20 ° C or drops below, insulation of the vineyards is required.
Partial insulation of Cardinal is carried out even in the southern regions. Here the tree trunk circle is mulched with peat, straw, spruce branches or humus, including the base of the trunk.
In colder regions, insulation is carried out more carefully.
- Remove fallen leaves from the soil and burn them.
- Carry out the last fertilization and water-recharging irrigation.
- A small trench is dug near the base of the trunks.
- Its bottom is covered with a backing made of boards, plywood or slate.
- Remove the vines from the trellises and carefully place them on a substrate.
- Spruce branches, straw, and hay are placed on top of the plants.
- The last layer is to cover the plantings with cellophane or roofing felt.
Young plants require special care, as they most often suffer from frosts, in particular in the spring.
The vineyard is opened when the warm weather outside stabilizes. The temperature during the day should not fall below +12 °C, and at night – +10 °C. By this point, the likelihood of return frosts should be minimized. It’s not worth the risk, since the Cardinal blooms early, so in subzero temperatures the inflorescences may fall off. It is best to remove the cover gradually.
In the spring, the vineyard is opened when the warm weather outside stabilizes.
Description of the variety
- In comfortable conditions of excess heat and sun, typical of its homeland, grapes produce shoots up to 3 meters high.
However, its growth strength can also be defined as average; - The shoot (round in cross-section) immediately acquires a bronze-brown color , matures by 2/3, and has a sufficient number of leaves;
- The leaf is five-lobed, dark green, shiny, with pronounced teeth along the edge. Young leaves are light green with bronze. In autumn the leaf turns yellow;
- The flowers are bisexual, small, light green, collected in a raceme . They have gynoecium - pistil, and androecium - stamens. Pollination is good;
- The bunch is loose, large , on a long comb, which visually increases the length of the brush (up to 25 cm). The shape is a combination of a cone and a cylinder, possibly forming a wing. The comb is easily separated from the stem, making harvesting easier;
- Berries of impressive size (16x26mm) and weighing up to 6 grams. , have a thin skin of all shades of red and purple and are covered with a thin layer of pruin (waxy coating). Colorless juicy pulp with 2-3 large full-fledged grains is characterized by a refreshing sweet and sour taste (sugar to acid ratio 2:1), with a predominance of sweetness, and the presence of noble notes of nutmeg in the aroma;
- Up to 2 clusters weighing up to ½ kilogram ripen simultaneously on the shoot;
- The taste rating on the tasting scale is 8.9 points.
Information: The Cardinal variety is sometimes used for technical purposes as an additive to the bouquet in the production of dessert wines. It is good in the form of compote, jam, pickled berries.
The Count of Monte Cristo and Delight varieties have the same properties.
Reproduction methods
Cardinal grapes can be propagated in various ways. The following options are suitable:
- seeds;
- cuttings;
- layering;
- graft.
Each of them has its own characteristics and is used in certain situations.
Seeds
Propagation of grapes by seeds is the most difficult and rare option. The main nuance is that the resulting plants do not inherit their parental properties and characteristics. Seeds germinate quickly. The likelihood that the new plant will be a Cardinal grape is very low.
Cuttings
The simplest and most commonly used option for propagating any grape. When pruning in autumn, a lot of material is formed that is suitable for preparing cuttings. For such purposes, parts of shoots with 4 buds are used. The bottom of the cutting is cut at an angle of 45°.
Subsequently, the prepared planting material is treated with a solution of copper sulfate and buried in fertile, loose soil. If cuttings are harvested in the fall, they can be stored until spring in a cool room, after being wrapped in a damp cloth.
If cuttings are harvested in the fall, they can be stored in the cellar until spring
Layerings
Another effective way to get new grape seedlings yourself. A small hole or trench 20 cm deep is dug in the ground near the base of the trunk.
A healthy shoot located at the base of the soil is carefully bent into it. Sprinkle the top with earth and secure with a staple. Periodically water the rooting site. After the roots appear, you can separate the young plant from the parent, and then next spring transfer the seedling to a permanent place.
Graft
In order to rejuvenate Cardinal grape plantings, the grafting method is often used. Cuttings with 4 eyes are pre-prepared. They are cut off from below with a wedge and placed in a growth stimulator, and the top is sealed with paraffin. This will help protect the cutting from rapid evaporation of moisture from the inside.
On the bush that will be the base, an old branch is cut off and the stump is split. A cutting is inserted into it, and the grafting site is sealed with garden pitch.
Scheme of grafting cuttings onto shoots
Stability of symptoms
When creating a variety, as a rule, to give a new plant the predicted optimal qualities, the characteristics of 2 parents are used, making its appearance justified.
"Cardinal" inherited:
- from the “Queen of the Vineyards” variety, popular in Southern Europe and Northern Africa, long clusters of early ripening fruits and a unique taste with a muscat aroma. Plus - early fruiting (110 days from the moment the buds open);
- “Alphonse Lavallee” gave the berries of the created variety color, incomparable size (up to 6 grams) and standard beauty in the appearance of the brushes. Plus - high yield (up to 160 c/ha).
This is how the new variety “Cardinal” began its march around the world, which became the basic basis in the process of variety formation of this crop in different countries:
- in Bulgaria, its relatives were “Maritsa” and “Plovdiv -2” ;
- in France - 6 hybrid modifications;
- in Russia - varieties “Arcadia”, “Sofia”, “Nadezhda”, “Monarch”, “Preobrazhenie”, “Anapsky Cardinal” and many others.
In our country, this variety is now not only a decoration for greenhouses and greenhouses, but also a crop for open ground, although so far only in the southern regions: Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, the North Caucasus, and Crimea . Under the same conditions, the varieties Demeter and Mavr can produce good results.
Interesting: In the 18th century, royal gardens were built in the village of Izmailovo near Moscow. One of them was called “Grape”, but the main things in its beds were only greens and cabbage.
Harvest and storage
The readiness of the crop for harvest depends on the climate of the region. In hot areas, the berries ripen as early as July. You should be prepared for the fact that the berries will ripen unevenly. They adhere perfectly to the stalks, so they wait for the brush to fully ripen.
I am harvesting gradually. You can preserve berries for a long time if you create suitable conditions. Store grapes in cellars with a temperature of no more than +7 ° C, as well as in the refrigerator, in the department for fruits and vegetables. In this way, the harvested crop can be preserved for up to 3 months.
The American grape variety Cardinal has adapted well to Russian gardens. With proper care, the crop pleases the gardener with delicious berries. The variety belongs to the table variety, so it is actively used in winemaking and in the preparation of various dishes. Since the grapes of this variety are very early, they often suffer from return frosts, which leads to instability and uneven harvest.
Comparison with analogues
Many breeders are interested in this grape variety because of its high taste characteristics and yield. Therefore, “cardinal” has become the basis for many successful hybrid forms.
The most popular among gardeners are three varieties, which were obtained by crossing “cardinal” and other grape varieties: “Cardinal Lux” (also known as “Cardinal Sustainable” or “AZOS”), “Arcadia” and “Rochefort”.
| Sign | Variety | ||
| Cardinal Lux | Arcadia | Rochefort | |
| Ripening period | 120-125 days | 115-125 days | 105-110 days |
| Frost resistance | up to -23ºС | up to -21ºС | up to -23ºС |
| Yield per bush | up to 50 kg | 30-50 kg | 6-10 kg |
| Bunches | from 400 g to 1 kg | 500-700 g (up to 2 kg) | 600-1200 gr |
| Taste | harmonious nutmeg | unobtrusive with light nutmeg | sweet with light nutmeg |
| Color | from red-blue to dark blue | white | dark purple |
| Disease resistance | high | average | average |
| Shelf life | up to 3 months | up to 2 months | up to 3 months |
Varieties
Taking the “Cardinal” variety as a basis, breeders developed new hybrids of this family, improving some of the characteristics of the original.
The “Lux” variety was created by crossing the “Cardinal” and “Kriulyansky” grapes. However, it is slightly superior to its predecessors in resistance to fungal diseases and is more resistant to frost. But at the same time it takes longer to ripen, so you have to wait up to 125 days for the harvest. Grape bushes grow very quickly, their clusters are quite large and, as a rule, weigh about 500 g, and some can even reach a weight of 1 kg.
Each individual berry weighs up to 20 g and can be red or dark blue. The grapes have a sweet taste with a nutmeg aftertaste. “Lux” contains up to 21% sugar, and one liter of juice contains up to 8 g of acid.
The Azos variety was bred in Anapa. Experts have made it more resistant to extreme cold. This variety can withstand frost up to 23 degrees Celsius and perfectly resists various diseases that affect the plant. However, its ripening period is even longer than the previous one. The grapes will be ready for consumption only 130 days after planting. This variety has a fast-growing vine, which consists of a large number of shoots. They are located along the entire length.
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The bunches are cone-shaped and very heavy. Ripe fruits have a beautiful pink or purple color. They contain 22% sugar, and a liter of fresh grape juice contains 10 g of acid. The berries have a sweet taste and a pronounced nutmeg aroma.
The “Sustainable” variety can be harvested early - already 115 days after planting. Bushes of this variety develop well and quickly. The bunches turn out to be quite heavy. Ripe berries have a purple hue and a pleasant and rich taste. Berries contain up to 19% sugar. The peculiarity and advantage of “Sustainable” is that it can withstand low temperatures down to 22 C. Among the disadvantages of the variety, we note its instability to some diseases and pests.
“Crimean” is considered one of the earliest varieties, which begins to ripen after 100 days and pleases owners with its first berries at the end of summer. The seedlings will be able to withstand frost down to 22 C, which means they can be planted in more northern regions. The variety is also resistant to the most common diseases. The clusters of “Crimean” consist of very large berries that have a pink tint. However, many experts, breeders and experienced gardeners note that this hybrid turned out worse than the original - with a rating of 8 on a 10-point scale.
This variety with large juicy berries must be protected from birds, which often attack ripe grapes.
Cultivation history
The Cardinal was bred by breeders in California (USA) in 1939 based on the hybridization of the Alphonse Lavallee and Queen of the Vineyards varieties. After a while, the liana became widespread in France, Italy and Spain. Approximately in the 40s and 50s, the variety moved from the vineyards of Romania, Bulgaria, and Greece to the Soviet Union plantations of the Krasnodar Territory, Crimea and the southern regions of Ukraine.
Parent functions
The exceptional appearance and taste of this variety make it a desirable object for breeding work. Involving “Cardinal” as a mother plant in a pair is guaranteed to impart commercial qualities (size of berries, taste, aroma) to the new hybrid.
Grafting onto a frost-resistant rootstock allows you to expand the area of cultivation of this crop, giving the fruits an improved appearance and tasting qualities.
The employees of the Zonal Experimental Station in the city of Anapa armed themselves with this idea.
As a result of crossing, they
developed 16 promising forms based on “Cardinal” , improving its frost resistance and resistance to fungal infection.
Some of these selection samples have already been distributed to the gardens and vineyards of amateurs, and even acquired an industrial scale of cultivation in the North Caucasus, after being included in the State Register. Varietal line of hybrids bred on the basis of the rootstock “Criuleansky” (Moldavian frost-resistant variety) and “Cardinal” :
| Name | Breeding number | Fruit color | Tasting score |
| "Dawns of Anapa" | В-19-1-17 | red | 8,6 |
| "Prikubansky" | R-74-2 | dark purple | 8,6 |
| "Lunar" | R-27-2 | white-pink | 8,7 |
| "Cardinal Anapa" | included in the State Register | red-violet | 8,7 |
| "Taman" | B-27-3 | Dark red | 9,0 |
Grapes Lydia
One of the old grape varieties received a new life from Russian amateur winegrowers in the middle zone, where it established itself as a reliable supplier of aromatic sweet berries. The history of the variety began in the 60s of the last century. At this time, Lydia became widely known in traditional viticulture areas, and now a high-yielding vine, producing up to 40 kg of berries per bush, can be seen in the Central Black Earth Region and the Moscow region.
Lydia grapes, which have medium ripening periods and high winter hardiness, belong to both table and technical varieties. The direct ancestors of the grape variety contain the American species labrusca, which explains the specific bright aroma of Lydia, the increased mucilage of the berries and their “foxy taste”.
On tall bushes medium-sized cylindrical-conical brushes are formed. The berries are round and have a dense skin, pink-violet or dark red color and a pronounced bluish waxy coating. The taste is harmonious. In favorable years, Lydia grapes accumulate sugar well.
Due to its unpretentiousness, if climatic conditions allow, the variety can be grown without shelter and used for landscaping a personal plot, arches and gazebos. As a technical variety, Lydia grapes are good for making juice, as well as aromatic dessert and fortified wines.
Properties
Although nutritionists include grapes on the list as an acceptable product, they still limit the amount of its consumption . With a very high carbohydrate content, it is even recommended to consume it both fresh and canned. The reason is the usefulness of the product and its saturation with vitamins and microelements. The berries contain B vitamins and ascorbic acid. And also RR, A, E and others. In addition, trace elements are present: potassium, copper, iron, zinc, silicon, copper. It contains flavonoids, pectin substances, and antioxidants. Grapes are a general strengthening and tonic.
Calorie content
Nutritionists are unanimous in their opinion that dark grape varieties bring more benefits to the human body. Therefore, when developing a diet for diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory system or oncological pathologies, grapes are included in the diet of patients. Berries are also used to increase immunity levels. The calorie content of Cardinal is not higher than the energy value of white table grape varieties. One hundred grams of this variety contains 0.60 grams of protein, 0.20 grams of fat, and 16.8 grams of carbohydrates. The energy value of Cardinal grapes is 65.0 kcal (272 kJ). Find out about the characteristics of the Baikonur grape variety at this link.
Cardinal grapes have a high carbohydrate content with low calorie content.
Benefits and harms
Grape sugar has a good effect on the activity of the heart muscle. It increases oxygen exchange in tissues . Catechins and flavonols reduce the effect of radioactive radiation. Treatment with grapes is used for various diseases:
- Hypertension, hypotension;
- Infectious diseases;
- Shortness of breath;
- Poor appetite;
- Functional pathologies of the heart;
- Catarrh of the stomach;
- Liver and kidney diseases.
The large presence of amino acids such as arginine, histidine, lysine and others affect the synthesis of skin proteins, regulate fat metabolism, and stimulate growth processes.
But, in addition to the benefits, eating grapes can cause harm. 100 grams of berries contain 20 grams of easily digestible sugar. Therefore, it is better not to use it if you are obese or have diabetes. And the tartaric acid found in grapes can provoke an attack of acute gastritis or ulcers. In addition, it negatively affects tooth enamel.
After eating grapes, it is advisable to rinse your mouth.
Acidity
Grapes contain tartaric (tartaric, dioxysuccinic) acid. And also apple and lemon. But only thanks to wine, a drink like wine is obtained. The acid is widely used in the confectionery, non-alcoholic, canning, wine-making, pharmaceutical, textile, and printing industries. The total acidity of juice is determined by different methods. Its level can range from very low (less than 3 grams per liter) to very high (over 9 grams per liter). The total acidity of Cardinal berry juice is from 7 to 8 g/liter. This is the average. As well as sugar content (17–19%). The grapes tolerate storage well and are transportable. Suitable for canning.
Characteristic
Cardinal is a common grape variety grown for making jams and compotes, as well as for the production of Muscat wines. If you follow all the preparation standards, strong and tasty wines will be stored. To learn a little more about this grape, you need to consider the detailed description of the variety. It ripens quite quickly and after 105 days it will be possible to taste the harvest. The Cardinal grapes have a slightly elongated, cone-like shape. Their weight can range from 200 to 900 g, but sometimes there are heavier bunches.
The berries have a distinct oval shape and thin skin. When they ripen, they take on a rich red or purple hue. The pulp itself has a light green tint and a very pleasant taste. It has a heady aroma of nutmeg. Each berry contains two seeds. “Cardinal” contains up to 18% sugar, and there are 8 g of acid per liter of grape juice.
The only drawback of the variety is that it is afraid of severe frosts and can easily “catch” any disease.
However, the shortcomings are made up for by the high yield and the fact that the grapes are easily transported and can be stored without spoiling for almost 3 months.
