Taifi grape variety (24 photos): description, reviews from gardeners, what vitamins are contained and where they are grown

History of Taifi grape breeding

This grape variety is one of the most ancient, appearing in Arabia back in the 7th or 8th century. Despite this, today it is successfully grown not only in its homeland, but also in many countries with warm climates. Grape cuttings and seedlings were transported through the city of Taef, which was a port, hence its name. It came to other countries from Bukhara and Samarkand.

There are several types of Taifi grapes, differing in skin color and some other characteristics: pink, white and black. This berry crop has several other names: “Ak Taifi”, “Taifi Safed”, “Monti”.

Properties of white and pink Taifi

Taifi table grapes have gained immense popularity due to their rich taste. The berries have dense, crispy pulp. Quite juicy and quenches thirst well. The pink subspecies Taifi has a slightly tart flavor, but not astringent. When processed, up to 70% juice is obtained.

The crowns of young shoots are weakly colored, there is a crimson border along the edge, and the pubescence is cobwebby.

Cut bunches can be stored in a cool room until spring. If you leave them in a warm place, the berries quickly fall off and then spoil.

How many calories are in the berry and the calorie content of the juice

Berries have a low calorie content - only 65 Kcal per 100 grams of berries, which turns them into a healthy dessert. A glass of juice contains 200 kcal.

The berries have a high carbohydrate content - 16.8 grams per 100 grams.

Benefits and harms

White and pink grapes differ in their properties. At the same time, the beneficial properties are similar:

• berries contain a large amount of useful substances (organic acids, mineral salts, vitamins C, P, A, group B, micro- and macroelements, amino acids);
• has a tonic, restorative and refreshing effect;
• useful for normal liver and kidney function;
• helps restore the body after strong physical or emotional stress;
• promotes recovery of the body after infectious diseases;
• normalizes sleep, helps strengthen the central nervous system.

If consumed in excess, Typhi can cause disruption of the digestive system.

It is important to consider possible harm:

• fresh grapes and products made from them, raisins are contraindicated for diabetes;
• You should not eat fresh grapes if you are obese, have a stomach or duodenal ulcer;
• not recommended for acute tuberculosis, diarrhea, stomach and intestinal cancer.

In the later stages, it is better to limit consumption of grapes for pregnant women. Sweet juice can cause unwanted fermentation in the intestines, and berries that are not harvested in season can contain dangerous chemicals.

Acidity

The acidity of Taifi grape juice is 7 grams per liter. Moreover, all subspecies of Taifi grapes have a sugar content from 17.2% to 23%. It is also worth learning about the Krasnotop grape variety.

The berries are juicy and can provide up to seventy percent of the juice used in making wine, compote or jam.

To correctly determine acidity, berries from several bunches are taken for testing. The juice squeezed out of them is heated, after which its acidity is determined using litmus paper.

Cultivation regions

Taifi pink grapes are currently grown not only on private farms, but also on an industrial scale, not only in Russia, but also in other countries of the world. An alternative name for this variety is "Golden Taifi". Taifi white is a less common grape variety, but it is also grown by winegrowers around the world.

This grape has traveled around the world for a long time, but has not taken root in all regions, since its development and successful fruiting require a hot climate, a long summer period and a lot of sun.

The most suitable countries for growing this oriental berry crop were Crimea, Georgia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Dagestan.

Growing areas

The Taifi variety is most common in Uzbekistan and Central Asia, where it originated. The warm and dry climate of these regions is most suitable for growing the variety. The southern regions of Russia are also suitable for cultivating the Taifi variety, but strict adherence to agricultural techniques is required.

Important! Even in the southern regions, it is better to provide the Taifi variety with shelter for the winter. He is very sensitive to cold.

In central Russia, and even more so in the northern regions, getting a good harvest of this variety of grapes is problematic. Cold winters, even with shelter, are detrimental to the plant. Considering that it is quite common in Central Asian regions, it is cheaper to bring it from there than to grow it.

Description of the variety

This is a table grape variety, which is distinguished by its great vigor of shoot growth. The bushes are strong and powerful, and the branches of the current season successfully ripen over the summer.

This is a table grape variety, which is distinguished by its great vigor of shoot growth.

Characteristics of the vine

The shoots are medium leafy, the leaves are medium sized, five-lobed, with large sparse triangular serrations along the edges. The shape of the leaves is oval, slightly elongated, their color is rich emerald. On the reverse side of the leaf blades, pubescence is clearly visible, which, however, may sometimes be absent.

Young shoots are faintly colored and have a dark crimson border; they also have slightly pubescent crowns. Fully matured and annual vines are brown with a red tint.

Appearance

The leaves of the grape are quite large, dark green, usually round in shape.
They have 5 blades, the ends of which have large triangular notches. The shoot axis is dark red. The bunches of this grape are large, cone-shaped with lateral branches. They can reach sizes of about 18x30 cm. The largest bunches grow in Uzbekistan - they weigh about 7 kg.

The berries themselves are quite large in size, usually 20x30 mm with minor differences. They have the shape of a cylinder or oval. The color of the berries is pink, with a faint purple tint, but the intensity of the color may vary depending on the region where this grape variety grows. There is a groove at the top of the berry, which is a characteristic feature of "taifi". The skin is quite elastic, covered with wax, and has a green-pink color inside.

Signs that are characteristic specifically of taifi grapes include:

• large bush size;
• brown-red color of shoots;
• dark green color of smooth leaves with grooves;
• large bunches;
• large size pink-violet berries, the top of which is somewhat truncated.

Varieties of Taifi grape variety

During long selection, three varieties of Taifi grapes appeared with different colors of ripe berries: white, pink and black.

Taifi grapes pink

This grape is valued by gardeners for its excellent taste and unpretentiousness. The ripening period of the brushes is quite long - about 5.5 months pass from the opening of the buds to the harvesting of ripe products. The color of ripe berries can range from rich pink to raspberry-violet on the sunny side and yellow with a pink tint on the shady side.

Agrobiological characteristics

Taifi pink (Taifi dogwood, Toifi surkh, Toipi dogwood, Gissori) is characterized by strong bush growth. The crown of a young shoot is weakly colored, has a crimson border and cobwebby pubescence. Young leaves are slightly dissected with upward-curving blades. The shoot is wine-red. Fully grown leaves are wavy with raised edges, large, round in shape, five-lobed with a strong degree of dissection.

The upper notches are deep, closed with an ovoid lumen, or open, lyre-shaped. The lower ones are somewhat shallower in depth, usually open, with parallel sides and a rounded or pointed bottom. The petiole notch is open, lyre-shaped with a sharp bottom. The denticles of the leaf blade are triangular, quite large, with sharp or slightly blunt apices.

The back side of the grape leaf is not pubescent, or has weak bristly pubescence along the veins. It should be borne in mind that the first leaves on the shoot may differ significantly from the rest. They are characterized by: an elongated shape, weak dissection and almost always a closed petiole notch with a narrow slit-like opening.

Bunches of grapes grow in large and very large sizes (on average 27x19 cm), conical or cylindrical-conical in shape, with large “wings” on the sides, loose in consistency. The most gigantic bunches exceed a mass of 6 kg, while their average weight is in the range of 600-700 grams. The legs of the crest are medium in length (3−7 cm), strong, often lignified at the base.

The berries are very large, cylindrical or oblong-oval with a beveled tip, and in some cases with a shallow groove at the top. The average length of a grape is 26-28 mm, diameter 18-20 mm, weight - 6-8 grams. The pulp is dense, orientally meaty-crispy, with a pleasant refreshing taste. The juice of the variety is colorless, with a sugar content of about 17-18 grams/100 cubic meters.

cm, acids - 6−7 grams/cubic dm. The skin is thick, bright red on the inside, dark pink on the outside with slightly purple tones, covered with dots and a medium-density protective coating of pruina. There are 2-3 seeds in the berry, medium in size. In mass terms, the juice of the berries makes up 69% of the weight of the bunch, the dense parts of the pulp and skin - 26%, the ridges - 3.5% and the seeds - 1.5%.

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The grapes hold quite firmly on the hand and resist mechanical stress. The tearing force is about 500 grams, and the squeezing force is 3.5 kilograms. The tasting characteristics of the grapes depend on the place where they grow: the taste of the Central Asian Taifi pink is rated at 9 points, while the Crimean one is only 7.4.

White Taifi (Taifi Safet, Ak Taifi, Monty) is characterized by leading varietal characteristics similar to its pink counterpart, with the exception of the color of the berries. In his case, they have only a faint pink tint on the side facing the sun, while the main part of the surface of the berries remains light green when ripe. Due to the thick white waxy coating, the berries of this variety acquire a porcelain-like color.

The harvest of both varieties has a wide variety of uses. First of all, it is, of course, consumed fresh. As a table grape, it has an excellent presentation and a wonderful light taste with memorable oriental tones. Excellent transportability provides ample opportunities for its implementation.

The grapes also store well, often until spring, but at the same time their ridges fade and the berries begin to fall off. In addition, Taifi is also good in processed form. They make excellent preserves, jams, compotes, marinades, dry them into high-quality raisins, and even make very light, drinkable, pleasant-tasting wine. Rarely does a variety have so many options for use.

The harvest ripens late. From the beginning of buds to the onset of removable maturity, at least 160−165 days pass, and the sum of active temperatures is 3100−3200°C. In this regard, it is suitable for cultivation only in the warmest regions with long, hot summers and a large number of sunny days during the growing season.

In Taifi, like many other varieties of eastern grapes, fruitfulness shows relatively low values. Only one out of four developed shoots turns out to be fruitful, the number of bunches per fruitful shoot is about 0.7, and for a developed one - 0.1-0.2. It’s worth mentioning right away that these parameters are relevant for Crimean vineyards.

Central Asian plantings show slightly better performance, which is why the yield in these regions differs significantly. If in Crimea the productivity of a hectare of Taifi is 70-80 centners per hectare, then, grown in a more suitable climate, the variety is capable of producing up to 20 tons of bunches from the same unit of area.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

The positive qualities of any of the varieties of Taifi grapes include:

• the harvested crop tolerates transportation well;
• high yield;
• can be stored in a cool place for up to six months;
• not picky about soil composition;
• is resistant to periods of heat and drought;
• harmonious taste of grapes;
• low calorie content.

But this grape also has a number of disadvantages that need to be taken into account:

• low resistance to low temperatures and some diseases;
• late fruit ripening;
• grows and bears fruit only in hot climates;
• the need for good lighting during the day.

It grows and bears fruit only in hot climates.
Only southern regions with climatic conditions close to Central Asian are suitable for growing this grape. It is in such conditions that it will develop and bear fruit normally.

Diseases and pests

Oidium

Mildew

Spider mite

The Central Asian Taifi grape has a very high susceptibility to fungal diseases such as oidium and mildew. Bushes are also often affected by spider mites. To protect the plant, preventive treatment with fungicides and insecticides will be required.

Comparison with similar varieties

How to plant grapes in the fall (video)

Taifi grapes are a high-quality table variety that is also suitable for drying. It can be stored for a long time and also transported over long distances. This is a very beautiful variety, and, importantly, it forms berries without cracking or peas.

When cultivated in areas with suitable climatic conditions, an excellent harvest is formed every year, delighting winegrowers with large, beautiful clusters and high marketability. This variety needs a lot of lighting and heat for the full ripening of the crop and shoots, so even in the southern regions it is recommended to plant it near main walls that face the southwest or south.

Features of planting seedlings

It must be remembered that the future fruiting of Taifi grapes directly depends on compliance with all the rules for planting seedlings of this berry crop. Otherwise, you may not achieve the desired result.

Recommended timing

Tyfi planting material is usually planted in the spring so that the plants have time to take root well and build up root and vegetative mass during the season. Strong, healthy Taifi bushes will become so strong by winter that they can easily withstand the cold, but under cover.

Tyfi planting material is usually planted in the spring.

Choosing a suitable location

The bushes of this grape require good light throughout the day; even slight shading for several hours will slow down growth and development and impair fruit development. Therefore, it is necessary to select a site so that no trees, bushes, or outbuildings cast a shadow on the vines.

It is best to plant grape seedlings on the southern or southwestern slopes of the site near a permanent fence or the wall of a garden house, but so that their shadow does not fall on the bushes.

Although this berry crop is not picky about soil, some requirements should be taken into account when choosing soil. First of all, you should not choose a place for planting in low-lying areas or in wetlands, because this berry crop does not tolerate waterlogged soil.

It is best to plant grape seedlings on the southern or southwestern slopes of the site

You also need to take into account that groundwater must be at a depth of at least 2-2.5 m.

Neighborhood with other cultures

The size of a garden plot is not always large enough to accommodate all the crops that a summer resident plans to plant on it. And many plants have to be planted quite close to each other.

However, not all crops will be good neighbors and will contribute to the active development and fruiting of grapes. Some vegetable plants or flowers, on the contrary, negatively affect this berry crop.

There are a number of vegetables and fruits that will be useful neighbors for grapes. Thus, it is recommended to plant in the inter-rows of a grape plantation:

• legumes;
• mustard;
• onion;
• radish;
• cauliflower and white cabbage.

The following fruit trees will not harm the grapes, but will not bring any benefit either:

• apple trees;
• cherries;
• plums;
• pears.

A pear will not harm the grapes, but it will not do any good either.
But there are a number of plants that absolutely cannot be planted next to the vineyard, because they do more harm than good. Bad neighbors include:

• vegetable crops from the nightshade family;
• horseradish;
• nettle;
• corn;
• marigold;
• sagebrush.

Selection and preparation of planting material

The choice of planting material should be taken seriously, since sick or weak plants will not take root well in a new place and will not develop well - you should not expect good fruiting from such grape bushes.

Therefore, when choosing seedlings, you need to pay attention to how their roots and vegetative mass are developed. They should be sufficiently elastic, without dry or damaged areas or growths.

Before planting, healthy plants are placed in a container with water and a growth accelerator for several hours to saturate the root system with moisture. After this, the roots are placed in a solution of potassium permanganate to disinfect them.

Before planting, the plants are placed in a container with water and a growth accelerator for several hours.

And immediately before planting seedlings in open ground, the root system is dipped in clay mash.

Site preparation

Site preparation should be carried out in advance, ideally in the fall, if planting is planned to be done in the spring. First, it is recommended to remove all weeds from the site along with roots and other remnants of vegetation, as well as stones and other debris.

Then you need to fertilize the soil by adding organic matter - rotted manure or compost. Depending on how depleted the soil is, 5-10 kg of this fertilizer is added to each square. When digging, it is embedded in the ground. Organic fertilizers decompose slowly, but when applied in the fall by spring, almost all of them will decompose into useful substances, so by the time the grapes are planted, the soil will become fertile.

If the soil is too heavy, sand and humus are added to it before planting in the amount of 7-8 kg per 1 square meter. m. Acidified soil is deoxidized by adding chalk, slaked lime or dolomite flour.

Acidified soil is deoxidized by adding chalk or slaked lime.

The process of planting young seedlings

Planting of seedlings is carried out according to the following scheme:

• Planting holes are dug at a distance of 2.5 m from each other, while the row spacing must be at least 3 m. The depth of the holes is 0.8 m, the diameter is 0.8 m.
• You need to lay drainage at the bottom, the thickness of such a layer should be at least 5 cm. For this you can use fine crushed stone or gravel.
• Then add a nutritious soil mixture, which is prepared from equal parts of turf soil and humus.
• A strong stake is driven into the side of the pit, to which the seedling is then tied after planting.
• The plant is placed in the center of the hole, its roots are straightened and covered with a layer of garden soil.
• The soil is compacted and watered; up to 10 liters of water are spent on each plant.
• After the moisture is absorbed, the tree trunk circle is mulched.

Algorithm for planting grape seedlings
When the planting process is completed, they are left alone for about a week and a half.

Reproduction

The best method for obtaining good planting material for Taifi grapes is cuttings.

Cuttings are the best method of propagation

Using this method, you can obtain a large number of young seedlings for planting a vineyard. This method involves a number of manipulations.

1. Before planting, cuttings are cut to the required length. The lower cut is made below the node, and the upper cut is made above the eye. After this, they are placed in water for 2-3 weeks to form roots. It is best to cut cuttings in the spring, at the end of March.
2. After the roots appear, the cuttings are planted in a container with prepared soil. It must contain peat and sand. The container is covered and placed in a lighted place. Spraying is carried out 2-3 times a week.
3. After a month, the cover can be removed and the seedlings can be gradually hardened. After they get stronger, you can plant them in the ground.
4. In open ground, you should water regularly and ensure that the soil does not dry out. It is better to mulch young plantings.
5. Before the onset of cold weather, the seedlings are covered first with a layer of straw and then with non-woven material.

Using the cutting method, you can obtain a sufficient amount of planting material. The resulting seedlings will have all the varietal characteristics of the mother plant.

Rules for caring for a vineyard

Caring for Taifi is not too complicated, since this plant is unpretentious, but all standard agrotechnical measures must be carried out, otherwise the grape yield will not be too high.

Watering

The vineyard should be watered in a timely manner. It is especially important to irrigate the vines before flowering, during the formation of ovaries and during the ripening period of berries. A couple of weeks before harvest, watering is stopped.

It is ideal if drip irrigation is installed on the grape plantation - with its help you can gradually moisten the soil. Then there will be no stagnation of moisture in the soil, and the bushes will receive moisture evenly.

Feeding scheme

You should also periodically apply appropriate fertilizers to the trunk circles of grape bushes. In the fall, after harvesting, organic matter is added to the tree trunks of grape bushes - rotted compost, humus, wood ash, mullein or chicken droppings.

In the fall, after harvesting, organic matter - rotted compost - is added to the tree trunks of the grape bushes.

In summer, organic fertilizers should not be applied to grapes, because they worsen the taste of ripening fruits.

After flowering has finished, this berry crop should be fed with fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium. Such fertilizing promotes the active formation of ovaries and improves the quality and taste of ripening grapes.

Weeding and loosening

You should loosen the soil around the grape bushes regularly, especially after rainy weather or watering. This is necessary in order to remove dry crust from the surface of the soil - it prevents oxygen and water from penetrating to the roots of this berry crop. At the same time, it is necessary to remove all weeds that have appeared in the tree trunk area.

Mulching with organic fertilizers

In the process of caring for a growing vineyard, you should not neglect mulching the soil with organic fertilizers. After watering and loosening, a thick layer of organic matter will protect moisture from rapid evaporation in hot climates and protect roots and soil from overheating when exposed to sunlight. In addition, a layer of mulch prevents weeds from germinating, which will select from the soil the nutrients and moisture that cultivated plants need.

In the process of caring for a growing vineyard, do not neglect mulching the soil.

You can use organic matter as mulch - humus, compost or peat. These substances will simultaneously serve as fertilizer for the grapes in the future, when they are incorporated into the soil during the next loosening.

Garter

Tyfi grape vines grow too large, and the clusters are heavy during ripening, so the grapes of this variety require trellises to prevent the shoots from falling to the ground or breaking under the weight of the ripening crop.

Pruning and shaping the bush

Be sure to prune the grape bushes of this variety in the spring and autumn, while the plants remain dormant. Partial removal of shoots is necessary in order to reduce the load on the plants and increase the yield.

Grapevines need to be formed in a fan pattern

The vines need to be formed in a fan pattern, leaving no more than 4 sleeves, removing up to 6 buds on each.

Protection from insects and pests

Although wasps and other flying insects practically do not damage the berries of Taifi grapes, it is still recommended that from the beginning of the grapes ripening, a special bag should be placed on each bunch, which will protect the berries from being eaten by wasps.

Such bags will not help against birds, which also like ripe Taifi grapes. In this case, the grapes are wrapped in a metal mesh with small cells, through which birds cannot reach the ripe berries.

Prevention and protection from diseases and pests

The grapes of this variety are characterized by weak resistance to the main diseases of this berry crop - mildew and oidium. The causative agents of these diseases hide in the ground in winter, but do not freeze out even in severe frosts and when digging. Therefore, in early spring, before sap flow begins, the vines and soil should be treated with fungicidal preparations. If signs of these diseases appear on the vines, the treatment should be repeated.

In early spring, before sap flow begins, the vines and soil should be treated with fungicidal preparations

The following preventive measures should also be taken to help reduce the risk of mildew and oidium:

• add a layer of mulch to the root zone of the vines;
• thin out overgrown grapevines;
• Regular removal of weeds along with roots.

In addition to spider mites, the Taifi variety can be damaged by cluster budworms and mealybugs. If there are few such insects, then you can fight them using traditional methods: spraying the vines with a soap solution or pepper infusion.

When the colony of harmful insects has grown too large, you have to fight the pests by spraying the grape bushes with insecticides. The last spraying with such means is carried out according to the instructions, observing the waiting period specified in it until the harvest.

Preparing for winter

Only in the climatic conditions of the growing region, similar to those in Central Asia, are Taifi grape bushes not covered before the onset of winter. In other regions, it should be covered before frost begins.

A thick layer of mulch (humus or compost) is added to the tree trunk circles. The thickness of such a layer should be at least 12-14 cm. It will protect the grape roots from frost. Boards are laid on the mulch layer. All vines are removed from the trellis, tied in a bunch and laid on a wooden floor. They are covered with a layer of spruce branches on top.

Some gardeners wrap tied vines in polyethylene to prevent them from getting wet during thaws, but in this case the vines may rot if the air temperature rises to 0ºC. Therefore, it is better to install metal arcs over the grapes and stretch polyethylene over them.

It is better to install metal arcs over the grapes and stretch polyethylene over them

Outdoor care

Both young seedlings and adult grape plants require regular care. It consists of watering, fertilizing and pruning.

Care for young grapes is especially important in the first two years.

It is also necessary to properly prepare the plant for winter.

Watering and fertilizing

Taifi tolerates short-term drought and does not need frequent watering, but during the flowering period and during the formation of berries it is extremely necessary. Also, in the absence of autumn rains, it is necessary to water abundantly in October.

It is recommended to water young seedlings regularly as the soil dries out until they take root. For irrigation, use settled water at room temperature.

Fertilizing is applied in early spring, summer and autumn. Organic fertilizers should be applied in the fall, and mineral fertilizers in the spring and summer.

Important! Manure should be applied very carefully as a fertilizer for grapes. It is necessary to strictly observe the proportions and use only rotted manure. Why is that? The reason is the risk of root burns.

Shaping and trimming

For good plant health and a good harvest, annual pruning is necessary. The Taifi variety is rarely grown on vertical supports; more often the shoots are directed horizontally.

Harvest and storage

Ripe brushes from the shoots should be cut off with sharp garden shears or pruning shears and placed in wooden boxes, on the bottom of which a layer of wood shavings is laid out. The harvest should be stored in the refrigerator or in a cool place. Then you can save ripe brushes for six months.

This Central Asian grape is considered one of the best table varieties - it is unpretentious, does not require special care, has high yields, can withstand short periods of drought and can be grown even on saline soils. Even a novice gardener can grow such a crop in his garden.

Advantages and disadvantages

According to gardeners, the benefits of the variety include:

• grape juice is healthy and recommended in baby food;
• berries are used in dietary nutrition and for weight loss;
• grape seed extract is used in cosmetology as a means to rejuvenate the skin, improve the condition of hair and nails;
• biologically active substances participate in the body's metabolic processes, normalize the state of the circulatory, cardiovascular and digestive systems.

Damage to grapes can occur in the following cases:

• presence of food allergies;
• for diseases of the pancreas and intestines in the acute stage;
• if there is toxicosis during pregnancy, it can aggravate this condition.

Planting and care

The seedlings are characterized by active growth. Cuttings of the variety take root quickly. They are planted according to the generally accepted scheme: 2.5x3 m between plants.

Before planting, prepare the soil on the site. To do this, take humus or manure and mix it with soil. Then a planting hole is made, a support is installed in its center that will support the plant. It may be necessary to lay drainage at the bottom of the hole. It is usually used on loamy soils. After this, the bottom is covered with a 10-20 cm layer of a mixture of humus and soil. Only after this can you begin planting. The grapes are planted so that they are illuminated by the sun throughout the day.

Caring for the Taifi variety is somewhat more difficult than other species. He needs to provide:

To water the plant less often, place two layers of mulch under it.

Diseases

To protect the bush from diseases, it is necessary to carry out preventive treatments using any means intended for this. You can find them in any country store.

Growing the Taifi variety is more suitable for professionals. It is not recommended to plant it on the site for those who do not know how to care for this variety of plants.

Mankind has enjoyed the berries of the Taifi grape variety since ancient times. In historical literature you can read that the Arabs brought this culture to Central Asia from Arabia in the 7th – 8th centuries. ad. The variety was cultivated for a long time in Samarkand and Bukhara, then agronomists spread it to other regions. Today the liana is found in Crimea, Georgia, Dagestan, and Tajikistan. Its other names are Gissori, Taifi Surkh and Toipi-Kyzyl.