All about late varieties of cherries: the largest, largest varieties, agricultural technology

Cherry Revna

This variety was bred specifically for the Central region, but is also well suited for other areas of the Middle Zone.

• tree height up to 5 m;
• sparse pyramid-shaped crown;
• fruit color is dark red;
• fruit weight 5 – 8 g.

From one tree you can collect up to 30 kg of berries per season. However, inexperienced gardeners often plant this variety separately and do not understand why it bears fruit poorly. The fact is that for successful fruiting a pollinator is necessary; without a pollinator, you can get only 5% of the possible number of berries. Tyutchevka, Raditsa, Iput are suitable as pollinators. The highest yield is obtained if the Iput cherry is the pollinator.

Attention! The plant tolerates temperature changes and sudden frosts well; there are no frost holes on the branches.

Practically not affected by diseases, sometimes affected by aphids and weevils. It happens that the cherry fly infests the berries. This variety loves increased watering and fertile soil.

• frost resistance;
• sweet taste;
• good yield;
• immunity to disease.

Among the shortcomings it should be noted. That the tree begins to bear fruit only at 5 years old.

When to plant cherries

Spring planting is practiced in Siberian regions with a sharply continental climate - short summers and harsh, long winters. In the middle zone, where the climate is temperate, more humid and warm, cherry seedlings are planted in the fall - in September-October.

If it is necessary to preserve several shoots, they are tied together in 4-5 pieces and placed in a groove with their upper part to the south, with their roots in the deeper part, to the north.

Advantages of autumn planting cherries in the middle zone:

• During this period, there is no need for frequent watering, since there is enough rain.
• Seedlings are sold fresh, recently dug up. They still retain young roots and leaves that have not dried out, by which one can determine the condition of the seedling, the presence or absence of infections.
• Large selection and relative cheapness.

And finally, in the fall the gardener has more free time than in the spring.

Bryansk Pink

Bred specifically for the Central region. Initially, the variety, as the name implies, was grown in Bryansk, and later spread throughout the middle zone. This late cherry also grows well in more northern regions.

Variety Bryanskaya Pink

• tree height 4.5 m;
• dense crown in the shape of a pyramid with a wide base;
• fruit weight 5.5 g;
• fruit color is pink;

From one tree you can collect 20–30 kg of berries per season. For good fruiting you need a pollinator. Cherry trees that act as pollinators should be planted at a sufficient distance from each other, since cherries love space and do not tolerate crowding and limited space. Varieties such as Tyutchevka, Iput, Ovstuzhenka are suitable.

The branches are not affected by frost damage. Wood and buds also tolerate frost well.

Important! Sudden spring frosts can cause great damage to the tree.

The plant practically does not suffer from fungal diseases. Grows well in acidic soils. The crown needs regular pruning.

• immunity to disease;
• the berries are well stored and look beautiful;
• good yield;
• ease of care.

On a note! Disadvantages include the small size of the fruit and the fact that the ovaries often die from spring frosts. However, small berries are sometimes much sweeter than the fruits of some large-fruited varieties.

The best varieties

When choosing a variety, the growing conditions are taken into account. Additionally, they rely on their own preferences. If grown properly, the tree will bear fruit annually and produce 50-100 kg.

Bryansk pink

The variety was bred specifically for the Central region. But the plant also grows well in northern cities. Late cherries tolerate any temperature fluctuations.

An adult tree reaches 4-5 meters. The crown is dense and has a pyramidal shape. The base is wide. The collected berries weigh 5-6 g. The color of the fruit is pinkish. From each tree you can harvest up to 50 kg of harvest. Productivity will be high if there is an additional pollinator on the site. The tree is planted away from other plantings, as cherries love space.

Note! Iput, Tyutchevka, Ovstuzhenka are suitable as pollinators.

The branches are not subject to the negative effects of frost. Bryansk berry is protected from fungal diseases. The plant prefers acidic soils. The crown needs to be trimmed regularly for normal growth. The berries have a thick skin and have a long shelf life. The planting does not require maintenance.

Regina

A low, late-ripening plant. It gives a harvest already from 3 years after planting. The berries are large, rich red. Easy to transport. When overripe, the fruits do not fall off the tree, which is a significant advantage. The planting tolerates frosts down to 20-25 degrees.

Napoleon

Refers to the tall ones. The crown is spherical, the berries are heart-shaped. They have a slightly elongated shape. The pulp is dense with a slight sourness. The variety, according to photos and reviews, has a dense skin. Thanks to this, the harvested crop can withstand long-term transportation. Cherries can be stored in the refrigerator for 2 weeks.

Plantings of this variety are resistant to various diseases. From one mature tree you can collect about 60 kg of fruit. The planting begins to bear fruit only after 5-6 years. Each cherry weighs up to 9 g.

Exhibition

The latest cherry varieties include Exhibition. The seedling is tall with a dense crown. The berries are large and oval. There is a slight blush. The pulp is light. It tastes good. The seeds are small and difficult to separate. The tree has high winter hardiness.

From one mature tree you can harvest 60-75 kg of harvest. It begins to bear fruit in 4-5 years, and the harvest ripens by July.

Tyutchevka

The tree is medium-sized, spreading branches, narrow leaves. The berries are medium in size, the flesh is red. Tyutchevka easily tolerates transportation. The only drawback is cracking under high humidity.

Please note! This variety is disease resistant.

Record holder

The best late varieties also include Recordista. The planting is tall and the crown is oval. The cherry itself is round, the color is cream. There is a slight blush. The bones are medium in size.

Sweet cherries are suitable for both individual consumption and further processing. The seedling is resistant to low temperatures and has increased productivity. From one fruit planting you can collect up to 70 kg of berries. Fruiting begins only at 4-5 years. This requires an additional pollinator.

Francis

This variety is suitable for both the Krasnodar Territory and the Moscow region. This is a tall planting, its crown is rounded. The cherry is round, the pit is large and difficult to separate. The seedling bears fruit regularly and abundantly. The pulp is tender and pleasant. Fruit buds are frost resistant.

Revna

The late Revna cherry is most popular in the Kuban and Rostov region. With proper care, it bears fruit well in the north. The seedling grows up to 5 meters in height. The crown is shaped like a pyramid.

The fruits are rich red in color. Cherry weighs up to 8 g. Up to 30 kg of harvest can be harvested from each plant. A pollinator is required for successful fruiting. Without this, the plant will not produce the desired harvest.

The planting is resistant to frost and disease. The seedling needs constant watering. The fruiting period begins only in the 5th year.

Important! Occasionally, the tree is affected by weevils or aphids.

Astakhov's favorite

Astakhov's favorite late cherry ripens in August. The seedling quickly grows to 4-5 meters. The crown is not thickened. The skin is burgundy, the stone is small and easily separated from the pulp. Fruiting begins at 5-6 years. From one tree you can harvest about 30 kg of harvest. Tolerates frosts up to 30 degrees.

Michurinskaya

A description of the Michurinskaya late cherry variety with photos and reviews includes information that the tree ripens in the second half of July. The first harvest can be harvested already in 5-6 years. The seedling reaches a height of 4-5 meters. The shoots are straight and thick. The berries are juicy.

Cherry Tyutchevka

It was bred for the weather conditions of the Central region, but later it was successfully adapted for cultivation in the Urals. It grows well in the middle zone of the country and easily adapts to any climate.

• tree height up to 6 m;
• sparse crown in the shape of a regular ball;
• berry weight up to 7.5 g;
• The color of the berries is speckled red.

The variety is characterized by high productivity. The tree tolerates frost well. With proper agricultural technology, one tree can produce up to 40 kg of fruit. The Tyutchevka cherry is partially self-fertile. Among the pollinators, the following cherry varieties are suitable: Iput, Raditsa, Revna.

This is interesting: if the summer is rainy, the berries may crack from excess moisture.

The phenomenon of double cherries is often observed: berries fused with each other. This mutation occurs due to lack of moisture and nutritional deficiencies. If you often come across such berries during harvest, it’s time to think about increasing watering and additional fertilizing.

Important! Unexpected frosts in the spring can cause the death of more than half of the total number of ovaries.

The tree often suffers from fungal diseases, and sometimes (in wet weather) gray rot of the fruit is observed. This variety prefers neutral or alkaline soils and can grow well in soil poor in nutrients.

Mandatory care measures include fighting fungal diseases, pruning and spraying against pests. This variety does not like excess moisture, so watering should be moderate.

Cherry processing in spring

The following advantages should be noted:

• sweet taste of berries;
• flower buds tolerate frost well;
• the tree does not require fertilizing;
• the plant has good productivity;
• Cherries are not demanding on moisture.

Disadvantages include susceptibility to fungal diseases and the fact that cracks appear on the berries from excess moisture.

Pests and diseases

The biggest pest of berries is birds. They are the ones who can destroy half the entire crop in less than an hour. The best salvation from this scourge is to use nets to cover the crown.

Among the insects on trunks and leaves, you can find aphids. In this case, the cherries should be treated with insecticides.

Of the fungal diseases, this plant is most often affected by two. One of them is moniliosis. As a result of this disease, the leaves fall off too early, the flowers and twigs dry out, and the berries shrivel.

The second most common fungal disease is coccomycosis. It spreads mostly to the leaves, which become covered with red spots, gradually increasing in size and merging into one whole. If the tree is damaged, then fungicidal preparations will come to your aid. In this case, all diseased and affected branches and leaves should be destroyed.

Recommendations for planting late varieties

Cherries love warmth very much, so they need to be planted in the spring, when the threat of sudden frosts has finally passed.

It is best to purchase seedlings from a nursery or from experienced gardeners. You need to buy only those shoots that have not yet opened their buds.

Important! If an inexperienced gardener makes a mistake and buys a plant whose buds are already open, the seedling must be planted in open ground as soon as possible, otherwise it will dry out, will not take root and will quickly die.

The pit for planting cherry trees must be prepared in the fall, during the autumn digging of the garden. The nutrient mixture that is placed in the pit should be stored where it is cold, for example, in the basement. The main thing is that the room is closed and sunlight does not penetrate there. However, if the basement is damp, it is strictly forbidden to store the soil mixture there: this can lead to the spread of fungus.

Large cherry

Undoubtedly, the large size of the fruits always pleases the gardener's eye. There are also record holders among the cherry varieties. Such large-fruited ones include those that have a fruit weight of 7 g and above. Here are some of them:

• Annushka (9–10 years old).
• Ox heart (7–10g).
• Vasilisa (11–14 g).
• Friendship (10–11 years old).
• Donetsk beauty (7–10 g).
• Italian (7-8 years).
• Folk (7–10 g).

Important! The size of the fruit greatly depends on weather conditions and the condition of the tree. On unkempt cherries, the fruits become very small.

Interesting Facts

Some interesting facts for those who want and are ready to grow cherries.

The biggest cherry

The largest cherry in the world is considered to be a variety whose name speaks for itself - “Large-fruited”. This variety was bred in the Ukrainian city of Melitopol.

The size of the fruit reaches 2 cm in diameter. Released in the late 1980s. Due to the large size of the berries, this variety is often grown for sale. The largest cherries have a dessert taste and rich, bright red color of the berries; she can be easily recognized in the photograph.

According to some sources, this is the largest cherry in the world. There are other large varieties of cherries, but their berries look less impressive.

The largest cherry in the world is considered to be the Chereshnya Krupnofrodnaya variety.

The sweetest cherry

It should be kept in mind that the largest berry is not always the sweetest. The sweetest variety is considered to be Yellow Cherry.

In addition to the pronounced dessert taste, its fruits are distinguished by their unusual color. Yellow cherries are beautiful and contain a lot of vitamins. However, due to their increased sweetness, the fruits of the Yellow Cherry often become a “tidbit” for thrushes and cherry flies.

In addition, the berries quickly deteriorate and do not tolerate transportation well. But they are perfect for home canning: making compotes, preserves and jams.

Yellow cherries are one of the sweetest

The latest variety of cherries

The latest variety is considered Melitopolskaya dense. The fruits reach full maturity only in the second ten days of July. It’s convenient that the berries ripen together, so you can harvest quickly and without hassle.

This variety has berries with hard, elastic pulp; they store well and can easily be transported over long distances. This variety is often grown for sale. Melitopol dense cherries are large and beautiful, distinguished by a sweet taste with a barely noticeable sourness.

Planting late cherries is a great way to prolong the pleasure of enjoying aromatic, delicious berries for a long time. In order for late varieties of cherries to delight you with a harvest, you need to choose a variety that is suitable for the climatic conditions of a particular region.

Reviews

Andrey
Although I live not in the south, but in the Moscow region, I took the plunge and planted cherries in my dacha several years ago. On the recommendation of a neighbor, I chose a late-ripening variety called “Tyutchevka” and did not regret it. The tree is unpretentious in care. The only drawback is that the berries can crack if you overdo it with watering. The rest of the characteristics are completely satisfactory. At the end of summer I collect a good harvest of tasty and beautiful fruits.

Vyacheslav
Wanted to experiment a little in gardening and purchased several cherry seedlings of the “Kordia” and “Michurinsky” varieties. We, of course, are not in the Krasnodar region, but cherries and sweet cherries give a good harvest with the right approach. Reviews and photos on the Internet helped me choose these varieties. My trees have taken root well, but have not yet begun to bear fruit. I try to do everything according to science, I don’t overwater, I fertilize in a timely manner, and weed.

Cherries are a sweet and aromatic berry with a rich taste. The south is most suitable for it: the regions of the Krasnodar Territory, the Caucasus, the Rostov region. But the best late varieties of this garden crop are able to adapt well even in a fairly harsh climate and are characterized by stable fruiting.

Self-fertile cherry varieties

Self-fertile plants are those whose flowers are pollinated without the participation of insects. Also a big plus is their compactness, which is important for a small garden. The middle zone is characterized by a temperate climate, i.e. the temperature in winter is -7. -12°C, in summer - +17. +21°С. Self-fruitful cherry varieties are ideal for such weather conditions.

Valery Chkalov

Cherry Valery Chkalov belongs to the old Soviet varieties. Descended from the Caucasian rose as a result of open pollination. It is the basis for developing new varieties. The first harvest is produced in the 5th year of life, and the berries ripen at the same time.

It also has the following characteristics:

Ox heart

Georgia is considered the birthplace of the Ox Heart variety. Its peculiarity is fast-growing seedlings, which after 5 years slow down in growth and bring the first harvest. During heavy rains, the skin on the berries bursts, which reduces their appearance and ability to be transported over long distances.

Other characteristic features include:

And the way

Cherry Iput begins to bloom early (late April), forms large flowers, collected several pieces together. The first harvests occur 5 years after the seedlings are planted in the ground.

It also has the following properties:

People's Syubarova

The Narodnaya Syubarova cherry tree is not afraid of strong winds due to its powerful trunk and branches. The first harvest can be harvested already in the 4th year of life. The berries ripen at the same time and can be harvested every year.

Narodnaya Syubarova is also characterized by the following qualities:

Ovstuzhenka

The Ovstuzhenka cherry was developed by crossing the Kompaktnaya Venyaminova and Leningradskaya Chernaya varieties. Due to its compactness, it takes up little space, which is important for small garden plots. Seedlings grow rapidly in the first 5 years, after which their growth slows down. Fruiting occurs in the 5th year.

Ovstuzhenka is also distinguished by the following features:

Homestead yellow

Homestead yellow appeared thanks to the crossing of the Leningradskaya red and Zolotaya Loshitskaya varieties. The seedlings grow very quickly, and the flowers are collected in inflorescences of several pieces. Due to its average transportability, it is recommended to be used for making compotes, jams, preserves, juices, etc.

It is characterized by the following distinctive properties:

Revna

The Revna cherry came from a seedling of the Bryansk rosea and is very famous among gardeners due to its nutritional qualities, undemandingness and ease of care, and adaptability to the weather conditions of the middle zone.

It is also known for the following characteristics:

Tyutchevka

The popular Tyutchevka cherry was the result of crossing varieties 3-36 and Red dense. It is characterized by rapid growth of seedlings, four-flowered inflorescences, universal use, etc.

Plus, it has the following features:

Fatezh

The Fatezh cherry arose on the basis of the Leningradskaya yellow variety thanks to open pollination. The fruits are distinguished by berries with a high tasting score.

The distinctive features of cherries also include:

Helena

Columnar cherry Helena is quite compact and produces a bountiful harvest of berries of excellent nutritional quality. Due to its short stature and practically absent crown, it is very convenient when picking berries.

Formative pruning of cherries

Young trees need annual pruning. Remove all branches directed into the crown, as well as growth on the trunk and from the roots. You can shape cherries in different ways.

Spanish bush

Principle:

• Stopping the growth point, forming first-order skeletal branches.
• Giving the branches a horizontal direction, shortening excess shoots.
• Adjusting crown thickening.
• Carry out the formation before the buds open, while the branches are still soft. At the same time, you need to remove the thorn that remained when the growth point was stopped last year. The crown of the Revna and Iput varieties thickens very much. Valery Chkalov is not inclined to thicken the crown.

I tried a similar molding on one of Valery Chkalov’s seedlings, however, I was afraid to cut it at 50 cm and left it somewhere around 110–130 cm, which was a mistake. The tree still stretched upward, the skeletal branches of the first and second orders ended up high after 5 years, and now pruning can only be done from a stepladder, but the purpose of this particular tree shape is the ability to harvest without using improvised means. But I formed the second tree as required by the instructions, and am growing it like a bush. The variety Gift to Stepanov was also formed.

Many experts advise using any means to position the skeletal branches at an angle of 90 degrees. So Valery Chkalov (the one who turned out with a tiered form) did it independently and without coercion - both seedlings. I couldn't find any mention anywhere that he could do that. The more horizontal the branch, the more fruit it will bear.

Tiered method of pruning cherries

A newly planted seedling is trimmed to a height of 1 m. If the tree is shorter, it is not touched. Next spring, select 3-4 skeletal branches evenly spaced around the trunk, shortening them so that the tops are located approximately in the same plane. The central shoot is shortened again to 1 m if it has reached a greater length. The remaining branches are cut in half. A year later, at a distance of at least 0.5 m (preferably 0.7 m) from the first, a second tier is laid, proceeding in a similar way. There should be one less branch on it (the same applies to the third tier). This is how Chkalov turned out.

Bowl

Form the crown in the shape of a bowl, cutting out the branches going to the center of the crown, shorten the growth by half, place the skeletal branches in different directions. Try to arrange the branches so that the light hits each branch.

Cherry variety In memory of Astakhov

The main rules for sowing seeds for seedlings

Sometimes, in order to grow cherries on their plot, adapted to more severe climatic conditions, summer residents do not buy seedlings, but plant pits (seeds) and grow seedlings.

If the cultivation of a fruit seedling occurs in the autumn-winter period, then the plant undoubtedly needs artificial lighting.

To do this, they resort to the following actions:

• the seeds are taken from ripe and healthy fruits;
• the seed must be fresh;
• drupes are placed in a moist substrate for several months for germination (the warmer the region, the shorter the germination period);
• after this, the seeds are treated with fungicides to improve preservation and to avoid the development of fungal diseases;
• Next, the bones are hardened in sand or sand mixture;
• when sprouts appear, the seeds are planted in prepared containers of at least 0.5 liters, filled with nutritious soil and with drainage (3-4 cm thick);
• the seeds are placed in moistened soil to a depth of 1 cm, at a distance of 15 cm from each other, covered on top and the soil is moistened again;
• As the seedlings grow, they are picked and later transplanted into a larger container;
• young seedlings are regularly watered and the soil is carefully loosened.

How to care

https://youtube.com/watch?v=mB83bSck0po

At first, pay special attention to caring for cherries, then they require much less attention. If you follow simple rules, the tree will grow quickly and produce stable harvests every season.

You should not skip spring and autumn preventive measures; how many berries will set and ripen largely depends on them. Remember the following:

1. Water only when there is no rain for a long time. Frequency – approximately once every 2 weeks, pour from 30 to 70 liters depending on the size of the tree and the degree of soil moisture. It is better to pre-settle it, at the same time the liquid will heat up to air temperature.
2. After watering, always loosen the surface and work to a shallow depth, otherwise the upper suction roots may be damaged. But it’s easier to mulch the soil, then you don’t have to loosen it; use sawdust, mowed grass or peat for this. Leave a little space around the trunk so that it does not rot from moisture.
3. Every spring and autumn, whiten the trunk and the lower part of the skeletal branches. This will destroy pests and their eggs, and kill spores of fungal diseases. And in the spring it will protect the bark from sunburn.
4. Form the crown annually. Immediately after planting, shorten the central shoot and branches by 2-3 buds to stimulate growth. Then, every spring, carry out sanitary pruning - remove all damaged and frostbitten parts. Leave a few main branches, cut off the rest, make the tree tiered, without thickening.
5. Feed for the first time 2 years after planting, until then there will be enough nutrients. Use ready-made mineral compositions for fruit crops or rotted manure; under no circumstances use fresh organic matter. Feeding 1 or 2 times per season is no longer necessary.
6. For mature trees, treat the trunk and lower part of the branches with a scraper every autumn. Remove all peeling parts, remove lichens so that pests and their oviposition do not overwinter there.
7. After the onset of heat, treat the wood with a solution of copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture. Spray not only the branches with the trunk, but also the soil under the crown. Carry out the same work in the fall. If outbreaks of disease or pests are found during the season, buy a chemical composition and immediately carry out treatment according to the instructions.

Advice! Be sure to remove fallen leaves from the ground. This is a source of disease infection and insect damage in the spring.

In the first season, insulate the tree for the winter. To do this, build a frame from slats, install it, fill it from the inside with coniferous paws, and wrap it on top with roofing felt or agro-cloth. Do this only after the onset of stable cold weather, otherwise the plant will rot.

Planting seedlings and further care

The upcoming planting and caring for cherry seedlings are as follows:

• the seating location is selected to be the warmest, sunny, windless;
• you should choose fertile soil, loose, light, loamy or sandy loam;
• groundwater should be below 2 m;
• prepare a hole for planting a seedling up to 1 m deep and up to 80 cm wide;
• Pour mixed chernozem, peat, compost, and fertilizers into the hole by a third. Make a tubercle, insert a stake;
• place the plant vertically on the tubercle, smooth out the roots;
• sprinkle with earth on top and compact;
• the root collar should protrude 3–5 cm above the surface;
• Make a hole around the trunk and pour in several buckets of water;
• Fix the seedling to a stake and mulch the tree trunk area;
• Water the tree systematically, but so that there is no stagnation of water;
• remove weeds, loosen the soil;
• Before the onset of cold weather, insulate it with burlap or other covering material, and whitewash the trunk with lime.

Description of the variety

The Krupnofrodnaya tree is medium-sized, and the crown is spherical

The variety was bred in the 80s at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Irrigated Horticulture as a result of pollination of the White Napoleon variety with a mixture of pollen from the Valeriy Chkalov and Elton Zhabule varieties. Authors: M. T. Oratovsky, N. I. Turovtsev. In 1983, the variety was entered into the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine. Refers to late ripening varieties.

Medium sized tree. The height of an adult plant is 4–5 m, growth is rapid. The crown shape is spherical, foliage is medium. The main branches are strong and rough. The bark of the trunk and shoots is brown. The leaf blade is large, elongated, pointed at the top. The edges are finely jagged and rich green in color. The flowers are large, the petals are white. One flower has 5 sepals and 5 petals. Blooms with umbrellas. The fruits are mainly formed on bouquet branches and last year's growths.

The appearance of the fruits is very attractive, which allows them to be used for sale

The fruits are very large, the average weight is 10–13 g. The maximum is 18 g. The shape is round. The fruits, pulp and juice are dark red or burgundy. The skin is dense, thin, glossy, and easily separated from the pulp. The pulp is dense with a characteristic gristle, sweet and sour taste.

Taste rating: 4.6 points on a five-point scale.

The fruits are very large, wide-round in shape

Cherries contain many different vitamins and nutrients. Berries are especially useful for heart diseases.

Table: Nutrients in Krupnoplodnaya fruits

Large-fruited refers to partially self-fertile varieties. To improve the ovary and increase the yield, additional artificial pollination or planting of trees in the vicinity of such varieties as Francis, Bigarro Oratovsky, Surprise, Daibera black, Valery Chkalov is necessary.

The best pollinators for Large-fruited in the photo

The Francis variety is distinguished by high-quality fruits suitable for transportation

Surprise - a high-yielding variety resistant to moniliosis Daibera black - a dessert cherry variety

Variety Valery Chkalov is distinguished by large fruits of early ripening

The fruits of Bigarro Oratovsky are transportable and ripen in the first ten days of June

Large-fruited flowering - video

Harvest and storage

Cherry fruits must be harvested without allowing the berries to fully ripen. This will ensure better transportability and allow you to preserve the fruits longer. The berries must be picked together with the stalks into special small plastic boxes. Select only healthy fruits without damage. The shelf life of the crop ranges from several days to 2 weeks, depending on the variety. Recommended storage temperature is 0. +4°C.

Thanks to the efforts of breeders, these days it is not difficult to grow heat-loving cherries in areas with colder climates. Self-fertile varieties are clear proof of this. Because they do not require pollination, they have low growing requirements and, in most cases, resist standard diseases and pests well.

How to plant cherries

Late varieties must be properly prepared and planted so that the tree takes root quickly and does not die in the first cold season. There are a number of rules, the observance of which will ensure the rapid adaptation of cherries in a new place; the work is not difficult, and a novice gardener can do it.

Selection and preparation of a site

This part should be carried out long before the main stage, at least six months, and possibly a year. The process is always the same, it does not depend on the variety, since all plants of the species in question have similar placement requirements. Follow simple instructions:

1. The landing site should be well lit by the sun. Only slight shading is allowed - no more than 2-3 hours per day. Cherries should not be placed in ventilated areas, as cold winds often cause the shoots to dry out and die.
2. Take into account the depth of groundwater, it should not be less than one and a half meters. It’s even better if the indicator is 2 meters or more. For the same reason, do not place the seedling in a lowland; in the spring, the root part will be flooded and the trunk will freeze due to the accumulation of cold air.
3. Maintain a distance of at least 3 meters from fences and buildings. Trees are best planted on the south or west side of buildings. When planting several plants, place them at a distance of 3 to 5 meters, depending on the height and size of the crown.
4. Dig a hole with a diameter of 70 to 100 cm and a depth of 60 to 70 cm. If there is a danger of the groundwater level rising in the spring, make the depth 20 cm greater and add broken bricks or small stones to the bottom. In case of high acidity, add dolomite flour or slaked lime.
5. Prepare a mixture of equal parts of humus, peat and soil from the site. Add 300 g of superphosphate and 150 potash fertilizers or 3 liters of wood ash. Pour into ¾ of the volume and compact the surface well. Fill the top with soil from the garden, make a slight elevation, since the soil will shrink anyway.

Advice!

If the soil in the area is depleted, pour 2-3 buckets of rotted manure or compost into the bottom of the hole.

If after a month or two the soil sags, add more and level the surface. In six months or a year, the density will become the same as everywhere else, so when planted, the seedling will not sag or go into the ground. As a guide, many people drive a peg in a prepared place.

Purchase of seedlings and planting

It is important to choose the right time to carry out the work. Early spring is best, since cherry is a heat-loving plant and will have a whole season to adapt to survive the winter without damage. When planting in the fall, the risk of frostbite is much higher; this can be done in the southern regions and regions with mild winters. Follow these recommendations:

1. Choose a healthy plant, paying special attention to the root part. If it is open, then there should be no blackened, severely damaged, or dry shoots. In closed versions, inspect the soil; it should not be wet; the presence of mold is not allowed.
2. Dig a hole slightly larger than the rhizome. Select the depth so that the root collar is above ground level. For proper alignment, place a rack or the handle of a shovel across the hole, check the position along it, and add soil if necessary.
3. First, cover the roots with a layer of no more than 10 cm, and straighten them before doing this. Gently compact the surface, then pour at least 3 buckets of warm, settled water into the recess. After moisture has been absorbed, fill the hole completely and compact the soil as best as possible. Place a peg and tie the trunk for the first time to maintain a vertical position.
4. Make a small furrow along the diameter of the tree trunk circle to collect moisture. In the first 2 months, water once a week in the absence of precipitation. Use 20-30 liters at a time.

Do the work in the morning or evening, when the sun has already gone down. To prevent the trunk from getting sunburned in early spring, on clear days it is advisable to shade the seedling with agricultural cloth. It is advisable to mulch the surface around the trunk with peat to reduce moisture evaporation and provide additional nutrition.

The sweetest and most delicious options according to experienced gardeners in Russia

For many lovers, size is not the main thing in fruits, since, first of all, their taste is valued. Over the past 15 years, more than 80 varieties have been developed with a sugar content above 5%, which is a very good indicator for such fruits. They immediately gained great popularity among summer residents and began to spread not only throughout Russia, but also to other countries. We bring to your attention the most prominent representatives of this class.

1. Chereshnya Julia. It is a very tasty fruit that every summer resident who loves to eat sweets should grow. 5.9% sugar, more than 2% ascorbic acid make it extremely tasty and healthy. The flesh is firm, slightly crunchy. Over many years of cultivation in Russia, it has established itself as a reliable, proven, constantly fruiting option. Unfortunately, you won’t be able to collect a large number of berries from it, but you can count on 15-20 kg from one mature tree, both in a fruitful year and not so much. The crown is not spreading, the branches are directed upward and do not hang down, which significantly complicates harvesting in the middle of summer. Late (mid-late) cherries have excellent resistance to pests and diseases; only one treatment with pesticides against caterpillars is required throughout the entire season.
2. Chereshnya Yaroslavna. If you want to grow a really tasty fruit at home or in the country, Yaroslavna is the best choice for this. The average sugar content is up to 14.2%, which is a record for domestic selection options . It is a worthy competitor to European trees, since, in addition to everything else, it produces up to 60 kg from one tree. That is why it has become the choice of many gardeners and farmers who are seriously involved in growing products for sale and export. Keeping quality is very good, does not crack when ripe, tolerates prolonged rains well, and can remain on the tree for a couple of weeks after technical ripening. All late cherry varieties cannot compare with it in this category, which is why it has earned such popularity in Russia.
3. Ostozhenka cherry is another representative of the “delicious” category. It contains up to 13% sugars, at the stage of technical ripeness it has an unsurpassed taste, perfect for canning, preparing desserts, dishes, selling on the market (has excellent keeping quality) or simply for eating raw. This is where its advantages, perhaps, end. The disadvantages include low yield (harvesting 25 kg from one tree can already be considered a record), its poor resistance to frost (down to -20C), as well as weak biological protection against pests. It requires careful care, otherwise it will bear little fruit.

It’s not for nothing that the above options are so popular. They not only produce tasty berries, but have excellent resistance to pests and can withstand cold winters and temperature changes, which cannot be said about large-fruited varieties. The load on the branches is small, it is easy to form a crown, they grow with minimal care, and constantly produce average yields.

Useful tips for growing cherries of the Bull's Heart variety

In the process of growing cherries (and absolutely any variety) there is one paradox: this fruit does not require practically any care, but if you do not follow some rules, then you can forget about a good harvest.

Below are the most valuable tips from experienced gardeners that will help you grow luxurious cherries that produce a rich harvest:

Since the Bull's Heart variety has excellent cold resistance, it can be planted in both spring and autumn. But experienced gardeners still recommend planting in the spring, because in this case the young cherry tree will have the opportunity to fully strengthen and meet the first winter of its life “fully armed.”

• Please note that the cherry tree is a light-loving tree, so in no case should you plant it next to the house or other fruit-bearing (or simply large) trees, so as not to cover the cherry tree with their shadow. The best option is the south side of the site.
• Avoid aluminas and sandstones. If you have only such soil on your site, then be sure to prepare it accordingly: add sand to clay soil, and, on the contrary, add clay to sandstone.

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• If you are not sure that you can choose a high-quality seedling that will give a rich harvest, remember two main points: the tree must have a massive and well-branched root system, and the grafting mark must be visible on the trunk.
• Sweet cherries love a lot of moisture, so don’t forget to “delight” the tree with water. The optimal watering schedule for cherries is once every 30 days, but keep in mind that situations vary, so carefully monitor the condition of the soil and adjust the watering schedule accordingly.

We introduced you to one of the most popular varieties of cherries called Bull's Heart. The variety is unpretentious, unique and produces unusually tasty fruits. If you try to grow it in your garden, we are sure you will not regret it. Good luck!

The largest fruited trees, their characteristics

If you want to grow fruits with excellent presentation and sell them at a higher price, then you need to pay attention to the following description of cherry varieties. They do not have any supernatural taste qualities, their yield is average or slightly above average, but the mass of fruits significantly exceeds ordinary berries. Here are several descriptions of the “heavyweights” in alphabetical order.

1. Cherry Bull's heart. One of the largest-fruited, the weight of one berry can reach 8 grams, which is an unprecedented result for 90% of all results of domestic selection and foreign selection. The crown has a pyramidal appearance, and the natural neglect is slight. The only negative is that the fruits crack when ripe, especially if the weather outside alternates with a dry, hot wind. Great taste, slight sourness. It has a dark color and excellent presentation. It is poorly transported, shelf life is low, winter hardiness is high, and easily tolerates frosts down to -25 degrees.
2. Daibera black cherry. It bears fruit only in the 5th year of growth, but immediately produces 7-9 kg per plant. By the 11th year it bears fruit in full and you can harvest up to 60 kg from one tree, due to this the yield per hectare reaches 90 centners. One of the biggest advantages of this tree is the size of the fruit - the average weight reaches 6.6 grams, which is quite a lot for this type of fruit. Sweet, up to 12% sugar, at the stage of technical ripeness has a black color, as well as a characteristic odor, which is much stronger than usual. It is in great demand on the market, as it has an excellent presentation, is easily transported and lasts for several weeks. It does not crack in normal weather, but during rain some fruits may crack if the fruit is ripe. Daibera is superior to the best cherry varieties of European selection, especially in terms of fruit weight. This is a “must have” for every summer resident!
3. Italian. It is difficult to imagine early varieties of cherries without this bright representative, whose fruit weight is 6.8 grams, with some fruits weighing 8 grams. A worthy competitor to the best Dutch options, which is extremely popular in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Iran. It is grown in temperate climate zones and hotter regions, does not require large amounts of water and fertilizers, and produces stable, albeit small, yields. Up to 80 c/ha can be harvested even in drought and lean years. That is why it is recommended for industrial cultivation. Resistance to pests is excellent, although the keeping quality of the fruit leaves much to be desired - they rot in a few weeks and are poorly transported at the stage of technical ripeness.

Large-fruited varieties, as a rule, have low resistance to insect pests and do not tolerate sudden temperature changes. They are noticeably weaker and difficult to take root, so if you are planning to breed them and want to surprise your neighbors with huge fruits, you will have to work hard. All specimens begin to bear fruit in the 4th year, sometimes earlier you can get several berries per tooth.

Pollinator varieties for self-fertile cherries

Most cherry varieties require cross-pollination to set fruit. Any other flowering at the same time can be suitable for this. It's enough just to plant them next to each other.

What is a “self-sterile cherry variety”

Most cherry varieties are self-sterile, meaning they cannot pollinate themselves. Moreover, entire groups of varieties can be self-sterile. Therefore, to obtain a harvest, the presence of a pollinator is a prerequisite.

How to choose the right pollinator variety

To guarantee a harvest, it is recommended to plant at least three different varieties of cherries that coincide in flowering time. Iput is most often used as a pollinator; it is a fairly universal species that coincides in flowering time with many others.

The highest yielding varieties in alphabetical order

For you, the main thing is high yield and solid profit from one tree? Then this category of trees is right for you. From 1 hectare you can harvest up to 15-30 tons, despite the fact that record yields are collected in Iran (55 t/ha). The following varieties yield up to 50-60 kg per tree, making them the best options for subsequent sale of products to the market or to wholesale outlets.

1. Cherry Ovstuzhenka. An unusual fruit from the point of view of many gardeners is the black cherry, and its shape is cone-shaped. One of its main advantages is high yield - up to 115 centners on average and 250 maximum. With good care and abundant watering, it can easily produce up to 50 kg from one tree, and this is far from the limit. The sugar content is 11%, which also makes it one of the sweetest and most delicious in the Russian Federation and other neighboring countries. The crown is spreading, wide, the branches bend down under the weight of the fruit, in some cases supports are required, since in high winds they break off - this is perhaps the only disadvantage of this variety. Frost resistance is average - can withstand up to -25 degrees throughout the winter.
2. Cherry variety Revna. Very recognizable in Russia, it has a light skin and dense flesh. Due to its yield of up to 30 t/ha, it has become one of the best options for domestic farmers. Revna cherries, reviews of which you can hear from every gardener, tolerate frost well, even at -5 degrees in April the color does not fall off, therefore it is recommended for cultivation in colder regions than the temperate climate zone. The crown is spreading, the tree grows tall, so it is recommended to pinch the top to form a suitable option for industrial use. By growing the Revna variety, you will always have cherries, even in the leanest year, since the stability of fruiting is greater than that of other varieties.
3. Cherry Fatezh. Quite an interesting specimen, which was bred quite recently. Annual seedlings grow straight up, forming a peak-shaped crown, after which for the next 4-5 years they bend down and hang down to the ground, thereby significantly increasing the convenience of harvesting. It produces up to 60 kg from a 10-year-old tree, for which it has received very high marks from many gardeners who grow it. High winter hardiness and indifference to sudden temperature changes in the spring made it number 1 among high-yielding options. It should only be grown close to other trees for high-quality pollination. Early cherries ripen at the beginning of June or even at the end of May, depending on the temperature of the year.

Varieties of foreign selection are not recommended to be grown in our temperate latitude. They require increased attention, are sensitive to droughts and do not tolerate frosts well. It is best to give preference to Russian selection, since the plants are maximally acclimatized to our growing conditions and maximally resistant to insect pests.

Sources:

https://7ogorod.ru/plodovye-derevya/pozdnie-sorta-ceresni.html https://fermer.blog/tag/samoplodnye-sorta-chereshni https://grounde.ru/sorta-chereshni-po-alfavitu. html

Classification of cherry varieties depending on tree height

The cherry tree itself is quite tall. However, such a high crown is inconvenient to work with, it is impossible to trim it, and the upper tier of fruits is guaranteed to go to the birds. Therefore, more and more gardeners give preference to low-growing trees, growing them on a dwarf rootstock or forming it in the form of a low bush.

Dwarf cherry

An undoubted advantage of dwarf trees is the ability to completely cover them for the winter, thanks to which winter hardiness can be significantly increased. Such trees can be planted both for harvest and for decorative purposes.

The most famous varieties of dwarf cherries are:

• Winter pomegranate.
• Saratov baby.

Low-growing varieties of cherries

Low-growing trees are 2.5–3 m high. These varieties include the following:

• Baby.
• Fatezh.
• Original.
• Crying.

Currently, breeders from different countries are conducting research in this area. Using radiation suppression of the gene for tall stature, Canadian scientists obtained clones of the varieties Compact Lambert and Compact Stella with a low crown.

Medium-sized varieties of cherries

Most formed trees are 3.5–5 meters high. This is a standard height that allows you to work with the crown using various devices (ladders, stepladders, etc.). Medium-growing varieties include:

• Tyutchevka.
• Here we go.
• Leningradskaya black.
• Revna.
• Ovstuzhenka.
• Melitopol early.
• Italian.

Tall varieties of cherries

Tall varieties can fully realize their fruit potential. However, working with such a high crown is quite inconvenient; processing and harvesting takes a lot of time. Tall trees are usually grown in the southern regions of the country, without limiting the height of the trunk and performing only sanitary pruning.

The tall varieties are:

• Bigarro yellow.
• General's.
• Drogana yellow.
• Krasnodar early.
• Large-fruited.
• Leningrad yellow.
• Leningradskaya pink.
• Homestead yellow.
• Franz Joseph.
• Amber.

How to choose seedlings

First, study which varieties are recommended for cultivation in a particular region (you can do this online, on the website of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “State Varietal Commission” or on the websites of nurseries). A lot of information can also be found on thematic forums. Sweet cherries are heat-loving, and if you are going to plant them in the Urals, for example, then the variety must be resistant to frost, temperature changes, diseases, and flowering must occur at a later date to prevent damage to the color by late frosts. Before buying seedlings, look at the opinions of experienced gardeners on the forums.

It is also worth finding out in advance information about the pollinating varieties that need to be planted on the site so that the cherries begin to bear fruit. The opinion that cherries can act as a pollinator is not entirely wrong. As a result of such crossing, hybrid dukes can be obtained, which can even produce single fruits. But you cannot expect abundant fruiting from such hybrids. Plus, the flowering periods of cherries and sweet cherries may not coincide. Buying seedlings at spontaneous markets is not the best idea, nor is taking seed material from supermarkets. In the first case, it is impossible to guess which variety you received. In the second, there is a high risk of damage to the root system due to improper storage.

It is better to take one-year-old trees - there will be a greater chance that the young plant will take root. When choosing, pay attention to the condition of the bark (no signs of sunburn, mechanical damage), roots, and the presence of living buds. But there should be no leaves (at least according to GOST applicable to cherry and sweet cherry seedlings) on the plant.

Then inspect the roots and shoots. They must be elastic, “alive”, without traces of mold or rot. If, when trying to bend a branch, a crunch is heard, the bark peels off or gathers into an accordion, the seedling has dried out. To check the root system, just try to roll a root that is small in length and thickness into a ring. If it works, the plant was stored correctly; if part of the root remains in your hands, it is better not to take such a seedling.

The trunk should not be perfectly straight; there should be a slight curvature 10-15 cm from the horse's neck. If not, then there is a high probability that this is a seedling, and not a varietal seedling, which will differ greatly in yield and frost resistance from the indicators stated in the description of the originator.

The age of a seedling can be determined by its length. One-year-old cherries are usually one and a half meters tall, with a branched root system. If the height of the plant is greater, you should not take it. It is impossible to dig a 2-3 year old tree out of the ground without damaging the roots - such cherries do not take root well. If you order seedlings online, look in the description of the variety:

• what climate zones is it suitable for?
• resistance to diseases, frost resistance indicators (including during secondary spring frosts);
• timing of first fruiting, yield;
• purpose of the fruit (for cherries in most cases - dessert);
• how the berries endure transportation, how easily the stone is separated from the pulp (if you are going to process the fruits).

It is also worth studying reviews about the online store. How often do they send re-sorts, users’ opinions about the quality of seed material, delivery times, and the same packaging.