Pear variety “Cosmic”: selection history, photo and detailed description

Description of the variety

Cosmic pear is a summer ripening variety. The level of frost resistance allows the variety to be grown in the Central Black Earth region.

Characteristics of wood

Trees of this variety are tall and can reach 6 meters in maturity. The crown is wide, spreading, prone to thickening. The bark on the shoots has a brown tint. The foliage is small, ovate, lush green. The leaf plate is glossy.

Description of fruits

Space.

The fruits are small and their weight does not exceed 90-110 grams. The shape of pears is cube-shaped. The color of the fruit is yellow-green. There are dark green subcutaneous dots and a slight blush on the surface. The taste of the fruit is good, sweet and sour.

Pears ripen in the second half of August. Once removed from the tree, the harvest can be stored for up to two weeks.

About history

The Cosmic pear was bred by Russian scientific breeders at the Michurin Research Institute. In order to get this wonderful hybrid, breeders crossed two types of pears in order to regionalize a new hybrid, which is why these plants can be planted in many regions of our country. And in order for the trees to develop well in the harsh Russian climate, the main emphasis was placed on the frost resistance of the crop and high yield. According to many other scientists, the variety turned out to be quite successful. That is why the Cosmic pear variety was later used by other breeding scientists in order to develop other varieties of pears, for example, the famous Permyachka.

Reviews

Bere Kyiv, grafted onto quince, grows on my plot. The tree grew low and compact. It began to bear fruit quickly. Caring for a pear is easy. Based on my experience, I can say that if you prune, water and feed on time, the pear will not get sick and will bring generous harvests every year.

Vitaly

Taganrog

The variety is very good. The fruits are large, beautiful and very tasty. I always put part of the harvest in the cellar for storage, and from the rest I make jam and compote. Pears keep well all winter and don’t spoil at all.

Nina

Novoshakhtinsk

I accidentally planted this pear, got it confused. But it is not winter-hardy, which is a big minus. It’s freezing, but it’s growing, I’m trying to cover it with all my might and insulate it.

Natalia

Chelyabinsk

Planting and care

Seedlings of the “Cosmic” variety are usually planted in the spring. You can plant a pear in the fall , but this must happen at least a month before frost appears.

The tree should be located in the most illuminated and dry place. Since this crop is very sensitive to transplantation, we must prepare for the fact that this place for the tree will be permanent. Therefore, its quality should be taken very seriously.

It is not recommended to plant seedlings in low-lying areas, where groundwater usually comes quite close to the surface of the earth. If this circumstance is not taken into account, the tree may freeze severely in winter and die.

In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the chemical composition of the soil at the planting site. “Cosmic”, like any other pear, is well accepted and subsequently produces a good harvest on loamy soils.

If for some reason you have to plant a tree on clay soil, it is recommended to add compost, peat and coarse river sand to it.

Accordingly, sandy soils will require the addition of humus, peat and compost. To plant a seedling, a hole is dug 100-120 cm deep and 70-80 cm in diameter. It is recommended to let the hole sit for several days before planting, pouring 2 buckets of water into it.

During this time, it would be useful to dig drainage ditches, especially in cases where there is a suspicion of close groundwater.

In general, in order to protect yourself from any “water” surprises, it is better to plant seedlings on small hills.

Before planting, the soil dug out of the hole is mixed with a couple of buckets of sand, with manure a glass of superphosphate and 2-3 tablespoons of potassium sulfate are added there

The seedling is placed in a hole, its roots are covered with the prepared soil mixture and, carefully compacting the soil with your feet, it is filled with water. To prevent moisture from evaporating, the planting site is mulched with a thin layer of dried humus.

Between the rows of pears you can plant vegetables with a small root system (radish, cabbage, beans, peas, etc.).

It is strictly forbidden to plant plants with tall stems (for example, sunflower or corn) next to the pear, which will actively take nutrients from immature seedlings.

On the other hand, it is desirable that the “Cosmic” variety be adjacent to trees of other pear varieties for effective pollination.

Standard pear care includes regular watering, fertilizing and treating the plant against pests. In March, old branches and branches with old buds are removed by pruning, and the remaining ones are shortened.

In April, it is recommended to spray the tree twice against pests - first during the period when the buds open, and the second time at the moment the flower buds appear. May is the time to apply fertilizing, preferably in the form of urea.

During dry summers, it is necessary to water the tree regularly. In the fall, in preparation for winter, you should take care of adding fertilizers to the soil (compost, superphosphate, ash, potassium and others).

Landing

The tree is tall and for healthy growth and development it is necessary to properly prepare and choose a place. Useful recommendations for planting seedlings of the Cosmic variety can be found by clicking on the links below.

How to plant a pear tree correctly

At what distance to plant pears?

How to choose pear seedlings

How to replant a pear

Characteristics

The tree of this variety begins to bear fruit fully 5-6 years after its seedling was planted in the garden.

When planning to grow this particular type of pear and thinking about future harvests, you must keep in mind that this plant normally bears fruit every year only at a young age. At an older age, periodic (with interruptions) fruiting is observed.

Since the variety was bred with the expectation of its wide distribution in the gardens of central Russia , where there are long and very harsh winters and rather cool spring and autumn off-seasons, “Cosmic” manifests itself as a culture with a high degree of frost resistance.

The following varieties are distinguished by good frost resistance: Rogneda, Sverdlovchanka, Svetlyanka, Samara Beauty and Skazochnaya.

In particular, according to observations made in the very cold winter of 1978/1979 in the vicinity of the city of Orel, the wood and bark on the trunk of this pear froze by no more than 2.5 points.

Moreover, despite the difficult climatic conditions in which this variety has to exist, it produces fairly high yields of high-quality fruits.

According to statistics, proper plant care allows you to achieve a yield of 150 kg or more from one tree.

At the same time, in horticultural practice there are isolated cases where, by reducing the load on the tree, it was possible to significantly increase (while maintaining taste standards) the weight of the fruit to 300-350 grams.

Care

Due to its tendency to thicken, pear trees require regular pruning. Detailed instructions and tips for growing Cosmic trees can be found in the selection of articles below.

How to care for a pear Pruning a pear Pruning a columnar pear Treating a pear from diseases and pests Feeding a pear How to water a pear

What type of pear is it?

According to the time of ripening, all pears are divided into three categories - winter, autumn and summer. The variety in question belongs to summer pears. The fruits of trees in this category are fully ripened by mid-August or early September. Thus, ripening occurs before the harvest of autumn varieties.

Belonging to summer varieties indicates that the fruits of “Cosmic”, despite their excellent taste, cannot “boast” of the ability to be stored for a long time.

Summer varieties also include: Detskaya, Carmen, Limonka, Orlovskaya Krasavitsa and Chizhovskaya.

It is believed that summer varieties cannot be stored for more than two weeks after harvest.

Many gardeners who are practically involved in the “Cosmic” pear claim that this fruit can be stored for even less time without compromising quality – only 10 days.

And it is better to collect ripe fruits of this variety in 4-6 days , otherwise the tender pears will be overripe, rot and crumble.

As for the distribution of pears according to their use, “Cosmic” occupies a completely worthy place in the vast niche of table species. Due to their visual attractiveness and good taste, these juicy fruits are especially good for fresh consumption.

But this does not mean that they are not used to prepare various derivative products and culinary dishes.

Diseases and pests

Cosmic pear is immune to scab, but is prone to damage by harmful insects. Materials on the issue of tree prevention and protection can be found in the articles selected below.

Dangerous Pear Pests

Pears often suffer from pests, they affect the leaves, bark and fruits.

In this article, we have selected 11 of the most harmful insects that harm pear trees, and also ways to destroy them.

Diseases of pear trees

To get what they cherish, gardeners have to work hard, and the reason for this is pear diseases.

Read about 19 common pear diseases and how to combat them.

Summer variety, obtained at VNIIS named after. I. V. Michurina from crossing the varieties Daughter of Blankova and Russian Malgorzhatka. Authors: G. A. Lobanov and Z. I. Ivanova. Zoned and distributed in amateur gardens in the Central Black Earth and Non-Black Earth zones. It deserves to be grown in industrial plantings as a winter-hardy and productive variety.

Tree

vigorous, with a round-spreading or wide-pyramidal densely foliated crown. Skeletal branches extend from the trunk at an angle close to a straight line.

Escapes

straight, medium thickness, brownish color, with rare small lenticels. Fruiting occurs mainly on perennial fruit trees. The leaves are green, medium-sized, ovate, with raised edges, sometimes the tip of the leaf is raised. The surface of the leaf blade is smooth and shiny.

Fruit

below average size, weighing 90-110 g, one-dimensional, cube-shaped. The skin is tough, greenish-yellow, with dark green subcutaneous dots and a slight blurry blush on the illuminated side of the fruit. The peduncle is thick or of medium thickness, long, straight or slightly curved, set straight or obliquely, with a thickening at the base. The funnel is small, wide, ribbed. The saucer is wide, of medium depth, large-ribbed. The calyx is closed. Medium size heart. There is a layer of stony cells around the heart. Seed chambers are closed. The seeds are medium in size, dark brown in color, well formed, oblong-pointed. The pulp is white, fine-grained, sweet, of good taste. The fruits contain sugars - 8.9%, acids - 0.16%, sugar to acid ratio - 56, ascorbic acid - 5.9 mg/100g, P-active substances - 46 mg/100g.

Fruit

ripen at the end of August.
The marketability of fruits is high, especially fruits from young trees. The fruits
are transportable.
Consumer maturity coincides with removable. The period of consumption is no more than two weeks. The fruits
are intended for fresh consumption, but are also suitable for processing: compotes, jam, dried fruits, etc. Fruiting begins 5-6 years after planting in the garden. At a young age it bears fruit annually, periodically with age. The variety is high-yielding. In some years, the harvest reaches up to 150 kg per tree. With high yields, the fruits become smaller. In Michurinsk, the variety is highly winter-hardy; in Orel, in the winter of 1978/79, freezing of the wood and burns of the trunk bark of no more than 2.5 points were noted.

Advantages of the variety:

high productivity and winter hardiness of the tree; fruit resistance to scab.

Disadvantages of the variety:

tall, large-sized tree, periodicity of fruiting, reduction in fruit weight with high tree load, short period of fresh consumption, presence of stony cells in the fruit around the heart.

Pear 'Cosmic'

Latin name: pyrus 'Kosmicheskaja'

Main genus: Common pear

Expand all properties

Description of the plant:

The parents of the 'Cosmic' pear are the varieties 'Daughter of Blankova' and 'Russian Malgorzhatka'. Obtained from the All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture named after. I. V. Michurina. Author G. A. Lobanov.

Included in the state register in 1986.

Dimensions and growth form:

The 'Cosmic' pear variety is represented by vigorous trees with a wide-pyramidal or round-spreading, dense crown.

Flowers and fruits:

The fruits of the 'Cosmic' pear are below average in size, from 80 to 110 g, broadly pear-shaped, smooth. The main color of the skin is greenish-yellow with dark green subcutaneous dots. The cover color is weak, pink. The funnel is missing. The saucer is wide, of medium depth. The peduncle is of medium length and thickness, straight.

The pulp is white, fine-grained, tender, juicy, sweet, of good taste.

Precocity, ripening time, yield:

Summer consumption period. Productivity is high. Not precocious.

Cosmic Pear

Description

General description The pear tree is inferior in winter hardiness to the apple tree. Pear is more demanding on location, soil and climatic conditions. In particular, areas where the groundwater level is closer than 1.5 m from the soil surface are unsuitable for pears.

Pear is a tasty and healthy fruit crop. Pears are grown on their own plots, large farms and gardens.

The first mentions of the pear were in Europe and Siberia. This plant quickly dies and freezes in the northern regions, but in the southern regions, on the contrary, it grows well.

Prefers places with good lighting, dry and loose soil, which is rich in nutrients. The tree reaches a height of up to 15 meters. 7 years after planting, the first fruits appear. The average yield from one tree is about 100 kilograms.