Grape variety – Transformation: main characteristics and cultivation rules

Early Preobrazhenie grapes are considered one of the most productive, large-fruited and beautiful. For its worthy characteristics and unpretentiousness, the variety has received recognition from both professional winegrowers and amateur gardeners.

elite grape variety “Preobrazhenie” is distinguished by high yield and dessert taste of berries

grape variety "Preobrazhenie"

bunches of Preobrazhenie grapes tolerate transportation well and have an attractive presentation

History of selection

The Transfiguration grape was obtained as a result of a complex crossing of the Kishmish radiant and Talisman varieties by a practitioner and breeder by vocation, V. N. Krainov from Novocherkassk. In 2014, the variety was included in the State Register of the Russian Federation.

The grape form received the best characteristics from the basic varieties:

• early harvest ripening;
• excellent taste of fruits;
• high yield.

During the breeding work, three varieties similar to each other were bred: Preobrazhenie, Victor and Yubilei Novocherkassk. They are the ones who make up the famous “Kraynov Troika”.

Comparison with analogues

Next, let’s see how “transformation” positions itself in comparison with other similar varieties.

Description of grapes

Botanical description of the Transfiguration grape:

• Vine. The bush is vigorous, with intensive shoot formation and a powerful root system. The leaves are glossy, medium-sized, without pubescence, five-lobed, on a long petiole. Shoots are 2.5-3 m long.
• Bunches. Heavy clusters of medium density and cylindrical-conical shape are formed. Their weight, with proper care and favorable weather, can reach 2-3 kg. The average weight of a bunch of grapes is from 800 g to 1 kg. Grapes are not prone to peas. The berries in the bunch are not deformed.
• Berries. Ripe berries are amber-pink in color, very large, reach 4.5 cm in length, about 2.5 cm in width, and are cylindrical in shape. The dense pulp is filled with clear juice. The seeds are medium, 2-3 per berry. The fruits are not prone to cracking; even when left on the bush for a long time, they are difficult to tear away from the bunch. The skin is of medium thickness and density, with a slight waxy coating.

When the vine is overloaded with berries, their taste deteriorates. The fruits turn out fresh and watery.

Characteristics

The main feature of the Transfiguration grapes is considered to be the large weight of the bunches and the size of the berries. The length of one berry can reach 5 cm, and weight – 17-20 grams. The taste of the harvest is also very pleasant: the sweet pulp with a slight sourness is not spoiled at all by the medium-thick skin. In this case, the seeds in the pulp are almost completely absent. All these features, combined with good shelf life and transportability, make this hybrid one of the best on the modern market (Figure 2).

Main characteristics of Transfiguration

The bushes grow quickly and do not require complex care. A variety with a short ripening period allows you to get decent yields where summer does not last long. An important factor contributing to the expansion of the geography of cultivation of the Preobrazhenie variety is its good resistance to frost.

Watch a video review of the Transfiguration grape variety below:

Below are the characteristics of the variety:

Diseases and pests

The Preobrazhenie variety is still very young, so there is very little accurate information about the resistance of the vine and fruit to diseases and pests. However, practical growing experience has shown that this hybrid has average resistance to fungi, therefore, in early spring and after autumn pruning, mandatory preventive treatment is carried out with a solution of Bordeaux mixture (Figure 6).

Figure 6. Methods of protecting vines and fruits from diseases and pests

If during the growing process the bush begins to show symptoms of fungal infection, you should immediately spray it with fungicides. A similar rule applies to pests: if you notice colonies of insects on a bush, spray with fungicides. In this case, treatment should be avoided during the flowering period, since treatment with chemicals during this period can negatively affect the yield.

During the period of fruit ripening, the danger comes from wasps and birds, which love to peck grapes. To protect the crop, each brush can be placed in a gauze bag against birds and traps against wasps can be placed next to the bush.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

The strengths of the variety are:

• high productivity;
• large fruit;
• self-pollinating, which makes it possible to grow Transformation in greenhouses; pollinating varieties are not required;
• early fruit ripening;
• undemanding to the type and composition of the soil;
• high commercial qualities: beautiful, large grape clusters attract attention;
• does not lose its presentation for a long time, good transportability;
• not prone to peas;
• the opportunity to harvest a second harvest per season from stepchildren in regions with a warm climate;
• good rooting of seedlings;
• the variety easily takes root on various rootstocks;
• adapted to different climatic zones.

Disadvantages of Grape Transformation:

• low resistance to fungal diseases;
• predisposition of shoots to fattening;
• the variety is attractive to insects;
• when the vine is overloaded, the taste of the fruit deteriorates.

Features of agricultural technology

Important elements of agricultural technology, conditions during planting and during the growing season of the crop:

• soil preparation and cultivation;
• adding nutrient substrate;
• watering;
• timely removal of excess shoots;
• bush formation;
• fertilizing;
• timely insulation.

On a note. The culture develops well in illuminated, flat areas. The proximity of tall trees or buildings is undesirable. When choosing a location for a vineyard, it is recommended that the maximum groundwater level be up to 1.5 m. It is also advisable to eliminate the possibility of strong drafts and directed air flow.

Before planting, seedlings are prepared according to the following scheme:

1. The day before, they are placed in a humate nutrient solution.
2. Immediately before planting, cut off too long roots.
3. A layer of crushed stone is poured onto the bottom of the planting hole, humus is placed on top, a mixture of leaf and turf soil is placed on top, followed by a bucket of water.
4. A seedling is placed in a watered hole, covered and compacted.
5. The hole is mulched.

Care after planting consists of systematically watering the bushes, loosening the top layer of soil between waterings to ensure aeration.

The Preobrazhenie variety is suitable for home and commercial cultivation due to its taste and long-term shelf life.

Features of planting grapes

The survival rate of the hybrid form of the transformation is good, the seedling quickly adapts in place, but for rooting, intensive growth and development, the plant must be properly prepared and planted.

When to plant?

The time for planting is chosen taking into account the climate of your region. You can plant grafted and own-rooted Transfiguration grape seedlings in spring and autumn. This is most often done in the spring, when the soil warms up to 7-8ºС.

Planting cuttings of a one-year-old fruit-bearing vine is carried out later, at a soil temperature of 10-12ºС, and air temperature not lower than +15ºС. It is better not to plant such planting material in the fall.

Selecting a location and preparing a planting hole

The taste of the grapes and the richness of their color largely depend on the level of illumination of the area. Sweet berries with an intense blush are obtained when the plant does not lack light. Therefore, it is important to choose a location away from large trees and shrubs.

The place should be calm, sunny, on the south side of the site, ideally protected from the wind by a building wall or fence. The groundwater level is at least 1.5 m from the soil surface.

For spring planting of seedlings, the hole is prepared in the fall:

1. Dig a hole measuring 60x60 cm, the depth is the same.
2. Place the top layer of soil close to the hole.
3. Place the less fertile lower layer of soil on the other side.
4. Place 1 bucket of compost or rotted manure at the bottom of the hole (you can mix organic matter 1:1).
5. Apply potash and phosphate fertilizers (100 g each).
6. Fill with half the soil taken from the top layer.
7. Stir, add another bucket of organic matter and the same dose of fertilizer.
8. Rake the second part of the fertile soil into the hole and mix.
9. Fill the hole to the top with soil from the bottom layer.

With this method of distribution of nutrients, the roots will not be able to find nutrition in the upper layers and will begin to grow deeper. This arrangement of the root system will help the grapes withstand both drought and winter cold.

Preparation of seedlings

The best survival rate of grapes planted in spring. Purchase seedlings in advance or prepare cuttings yourself. The root system of a healthy seedling is whitish in color, and the cut of the stem is green. Check the integrity of the bark; there should be no damage.

If the plant has produced new sprouts from the buds, they are removed, leaving one of the largest ones. Remove dried branches and leaves, if any. The top of the main sprout is cut off, leaving a part of the stem with five eyes.

The tips of the roots are trimmed so that their total length does not exceed 15-17 cm. Next, the roots of the plant are soaked in water at room temperature, to which one of the stimulants is added, for example, Kornevin or Humate. All this is done 1-2 days before planting.

Step-by-step instructions for landing

In mid-spring, when the earth has warmed up, they begin planting grapes. It consists of the following steps:

• make a hole with a mound in the middle in the hole prepared in the fall;
• lower the seedling onto the mound and spread the roots of the plant evenly;
• cover with soil, compacting it well;
• pour plenty of water;
• mulch the tree trunk circle.

Care

• Due to the high yield, pruning of 6 to 8 buds is carried out in the spring or autumn before the vines bloom. Pruning grapes is mandatory in order to reduce the load on the bush. To get a good fruit and berry harvest, you need to shape the bush, removing excess shoots.
• Water the bushes sparingly as needed during and after the flowering stage. The plant does not like abundant moisture, so it is necessary to install drainage channels near the bushes. In the event of a dry summer, small ditches are dug into which water is gradually poured.
• In spring and autumn, mulch around the bushes with a three-centimeter layer of humus or peat.
• For preventive purposes, spraying is carried out several times a season.
• The variety is a covering variety and needs protection from the cold. To do this, the vine is cut, removed from the trellis, laid and covered with agrofibre, hay, slate or other materials.

Preobrazhenie grapes, photos of which are posted on our website, are easy to plant and grow. The description of the variety and the video will help you study in detail the features of the crop, which can transform your dacha, becoming an interesting landscape piece and a delicious dessert.

Care after planting and further cultivation

Subsequent care of grapes consists of pruning, watering, fertilizing and protection from diseases and pests.

Watering

The hybrid form Transformation requires regular watering, but does not tolerate excessive amounts of water. The root system of the plant goes deep into the soil, and so that moisture reaches all the roots, it is watered with large portions of water.

Excessively abundant watering has a negative impact on the taste of berries. The fruits become tasteless, with watery pulp.

Water the plants according to this scheme:

• The first time after planting, pour out two buckets of water once a week.
• A month later - once every 3-4 weeks (4 buckets).
• Moisture-charging irrigation is carried out in spring and autumn, despite the presence of precipitation: autumn - so that the vine can more easily endure the frosty period;
• spring - to activate the kidneys.

For surface watering, if an underground soil moisture system is not provided, a groove 20 cm deep is made around the bush, at a distance of 30 cm from the root collar. Water is poured into this groove.

When, how and with what to fertilize?

The plant must receive the entire complex of necessary nutrients. The table will help you figure out when, what and why you should feed growing grapes:

Features of mulching

In order to preserve moisture and nutrients in the soil, as well as to protect the plant from slugs, mulching is carried out in the fall and spring. To do this, use peat, humus, bark, sawdust or straw. The tree trunk circle is mulched with a 3 cm layer of organic matter. During the period of frost, mulch plays the role of insulating the grape bush.

Trimming and shaping

Without shaping and pruning there will be no good grape harvest. A dense vine promotes the development of diseases. Pruning can be done before the buds swell in spring or autumn. The average number of shoots on a bush is 24-30 pieces.

We recommend reading the article about spring pruning of grapes.

Using trimming:

• the number of grape bunches is regulated;
• the shape of the bush is formed;
• shoot growth is activated.

For the Transfiguration, a fan type of formation is recommended. The length of the fruit vine is shortened to 6-8 eyes. During the growing season, pinching is carried out in order to collect a full-fledged main harvest. If you expect to receive a second harvest in October, then this is not necessary.

Due to the large size of the fruits and clusters, the Preobrazhenie variety needs to be rationed. Only one bunch of grapes is kept per shoot. Alternatively, you can solve the problem by pinching off the bottom of the bunch by 1/3 or 1/4. This is done at the initial stage of cluster formation, when the fruits are the size of a pea.

Large grape varieties must be rationed, otherwise the harvest will remain unripe, and an overly overloaded bush will not have time to prepare for wintering.

Bird protection

There are two main ways to protect crops from birds: isolation and repelling:

• Isolation: ripening bunches are placed in protective bags (plastic mesh, vegetable nets, etc.);
• a small vineyard is completely covered using tulle, fishing net and other materials in a fine mesh.

It is useless to use a scarecrow or CDs without noise accompaniment. Birds quickly get used to it and are not afraid of such means of protection.

Preparing for winter

In autumn, shoots are cut to 1/4 of their length. When the thermometer drops below -5ºС, it is time to cover the grapes. Having been removed from the supports, the vine is laid on the ground, pinned with garden staples, and covered with roofing felt, burlap, covering material, etc. A layer of soil up to 10 cm thick is poured on top.

Features of cultivation

Growing grapes of the Preobrazhenie variety is carried out in the same way as in the case of other varieties of ultra-early ripening.

The main guideline is climatic and weather conditions, soil characteristics and planting condition (depending on these factors, care needs to be adjusted.

The variety of the crop can withstand frosts down to -23 degrees, but in severe frosts the bushes should be covered.

In the fall, weak and diseased shoots are cut off, the vines are bent to the ground, secured and covered.

Planting and Harvest Time

Plants are planted in the spring, when return frosts are behind us, the temperature has stabilized, and the soil has warmed up well. The harvest is harvested in mid-July or early August.

You can determine the ripeness of the berries by their appearance - they should be large, smooth, and when squeezed, slightly wrinkle, but not crack.

Expert opinion

Vladimir Alexandrovich Rembe

Famous Novokuban winegrower

The peculiarity of Transfiguration is that, in addition to the main harvest, you can get a second one from the stepsons - it ripens 2-3 weeks later.

Watering and fertilizing

The variety prefers moderate watering. Insufficient moisture will cause the bush to wither, and excessive moisture will cause the roots to rot.

Young bushes are watered once a week, and adults 1-2 times a month.

The frequency and volume of irrigation depends on climatic conditions and precipitation. On average, one bush requires 20-40 liters of settled water at room temperature.

Trimming

The grapes are pruned twice a year - in spring and autumn.

In the spring, before buds begin to form, 20-28 shoots are left on each bush. In the fall, sanitary pruning is carried out - all infertile, diseased and injured vines are removed.

Diseases and pests

Mildew

Spotted necrosis

Bacterial cancer

The variety has an average level of disease resistance. Most often, Transfiguration is affected by the following diseases:

• mildew;
• oidium;
• spotty necrosis;
• bacterial cancer.

To prevent infection, it is necessary to regularly inspect the bushes and leaves, and also treat them with special preparations.

The most common pests of the variety include:

• grape flea beetle;
• grape moth;
• grape mite;
• grape cushion.

Measures for the prevention and control of insects are the same as for diseases - constant inspection and treatment of plantings.

Cuttings and grafting

Grafting cuttings is another way to plant Transfiguration grapes. It is necessary to ensure that the selected cuttings are healthy and suitable for planting:

• Each cutting should have at least 2-3 eyes. From the cut of the cutting to the lower eye there should be no more than 3-5 mm. If the distance is greater, the excess is cut off.
• Before planting, the cuttings are placed in a container with warm water, to which a few drops of a growth stimulator are added. Soak for a day.
• If grafting is done in the fall, then to increase frost resistance and preserve moisture, the tip of the cutting is dipped in hot paraffin. Then immediately dip into a container of cold water.
• The rootstock must be split so that one cutting can fit there. It is cleaned until smooth.
• The junction of the rootstock and the cutting is tightly tied along the rootstock with cloth. The grafting site is coated with clay.

To prevent the grapes from freezing, you need to wrap them before the onset of frost.

Care and planting

A growing bush must be pruned annually for more productive fruiting. Considering the characteristics of this hybrid form, which has high yields and heavy clusters, it is recommended to normalize the inflorescences on the shoots. One shoot - one inflorescence.

REFERENCE: Some winegrowers remove the shoots, believing that their growth retards the development of the main crop, on which they place the main emphasis.

Covering for the winter is necessary to avoid freezing of the shoots. To do this, cut the vine by ¾ and cover it with mulch or sawdust.

Grapes are pruned in the fall. If this has not been done, then in the spring circumcision is carried out before the buds open.

The variety is unpretentious to soil, but planting in chernozem soil significantly improves the weight and taste of the fruit.

Considering the growth rate of the bushes, it is not recommended to plant grapes in close proximity to trees or other shrubs.

When planting, you need to take care of protection from the north wind, preferring a place near a fence or along the wall of a house. Also, lighting plays an important role for good ripening of fruits.

Diseases, treatment and prevention

Transformation is not highly resistant to disease. The most common diseases and ways to combat them are presented in the table.

Preventive measures, including treating plants with Bordeaux mixture, will help to avoid the appearance of many dangerous bacterial and fungal diseases of grapes.

The first treatment is carried out in the fall, when the leaves have fallen, by spraying the grape bushes and the ground under them. The second is for unopened buds. The third spraying is carried out on shoots 10-12 cm long.

Bordeaux mixture is used only for prevention. If signs of disease appear on the leaves, then they move on to more effective methods and treat the grapes with the necessary preparation.

Advantages and disadvantages

According to experts, “Preobrazhenie” serves as the basis for the modern assortment of table varieties. Its main advantages are considered to be: large fruits with a pleasant harmonious taste, excellent transportability, high yield and the ability to produce a second full harvest on the stepsons.

The most pronounced disadvantages include:

• average winter hardiness (requires mandatory shelter for the winter);
• withering of the bunches due to bending of the ridges under their own weight during the ripening period of the berries;
• average resistance to mildew, black spot, gray rot and oidium.

The variety is susceptible to fungal diseases typical of grape plants grown in areas with high rainfall: on the Black Sea coast of the North Caucasus, the Lower Volga region and viticulture areas of the European part of the country. And also under unfavorable soil and climatic conditions: excess nitrogen fertilizers, hot summers, frequent changes in wet and dry periods, etc.

Manifestations of oidium on leaves, bunches and shoots

Let us summarize the signs of oidium (powdery mildew) of grapes in the table:

Protection of the vine from oidium is ensured by a complex of agrotechnical and chemical measures. Methods that prevent the development of the disease include:

• application of phosphorus and potassium mineral fertilizers, use of microelements (boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum);
• location of the vineyards on southern, well-ventilated slopes;
• garter, fragment, pinching, chasing;
• timely weed control.

For treatment, spraying with the following drugs is carried out:

• fungicides: “Nitrafen” (plantings affected in the previous year); “Bayleton” (20%), “Rovral” (50%), “Ronilan” (50%), “Topsin-M” (70%), colloidal sulfur (during the growing season);
• ground sulfur (dusting vineyards with dew).

Fungicides are applied as the disease progresses. For prevention, sulfur preparations are used, and in areas of disease development - Topsin, Ronilan, Rovral or Bayleton.

Pests, control methods and prevention

Maximum damage to grape bushes The transformation is caused by wasps, which are attracted by the high sugar content of the fruit. In large quantities, they flock to the vineyard, eat up the juicy, sweet pulp, as a result of which the damaged berries spoil and the bunches of grapes lose their marketable appearance.

Fighting them is difficult and often futile. You can use the following methods of protection against wasps:

• Sweet baits . They are made from plastic containers into which honey water, fermented compote or syrup are poured. Baits are hung in sunny places.
• Mesh bags . A bag made of gauze, tulle and similar materials is put on each bunch of grapes and tied at the top.
• Smoke . You can drive away wasps with “Liquid Smoke” or smoke from a fire.
• Artificial repeller . They use the drug Sochva Zh, it is non-toxic. When it settles on the fruits and leaves, the smell of smoke remains, repelling insects.
• Destruction of wasp nests . Insecticides are used against wasps. In the dark, the nest with insects is treated with the drug on all sides, especially in the middle. It is important to reliably protect all parts of the body with protective clothing. Use a flashlight with red glass as a light source.

In addition to wasps, other insects also cause significant damage to grape plantings. The table below shows the most common of them.

Caring for grapes in summer and autumn

Preobrazhenie grapes, although positioned as a crop that requires regular care, are in fact absolutely not a capricious variety. Correct initial planting of a seedling is like the first building block in the process. If you laid it out correctly, it means you won’t have to correct, supplement, or redo anything later. Therefore, immediately, from the moment of planting, everything must be done so that later there will be no excruciating pain for the vine.

Soil moisture requirements

The key to success in growing grapes of any variety is maintaining moisture in the soil. The small bush will require systematic watering until flowering and ovary formation. Dry soil in the tree trunk circle, as well as a swamp overgrown with mud, are detrimental to culture. Only moderate watering will give all the necessary juices to the plant.

If the location of groundwater on the site is such that the roots constantly get wet, it is necessary to build a drainage system. To do this, dig a shallow groove near the trunk, which would ensure that excess moisture drains away from the roots.

If there is little moisture in the tree trunk circle, and the seedling barely survives, then mulch made from humus, peat, and sawdust will help out. It covers the space near the stem so that the thickness of the protective layer is 3–3.5 cm. Mulching is especially important in the spring, when the soil has not yet warmed up sufficiently. In summer, warm bedding should not be made, so as not to provoke overheating of the roots.

Photo gallery: stages of flowering, fruiting and pruning

Blooming clusters of Preobrazheniya must be thinned out, otherwise the yield will decrease

With proper care, the variety can produce up to 20 kg of fruit from one bush.

To keep the fruits intact and undamaged, it is recommended to tie the clusters

The Preobrazhenie variety leaves 7–8 eyes on one branch

The role of fertilizers

Fertilizer application is a key point in viticulture. In soil deprived of essential microelements, there will be neither normal development of the plant nor a double harvest. The bush should receive:

• nitrogen, responsible for the growth of green mass;
• phosphorus, which promotes the enlargement of the ovary and the proper development of fruits;
• potassium, which has a positive effect on vine wood;
• iron, copper and zinc, which increase resistance to diseases;
• calcium, which slows down the processes of aging and decay of plants;
• boron and sulfur, which are responsible for rational metabolism and the growth of chlorophyll in plant cells;
• magnesium and silicon, which prevent premature aging and leaf fall.

The entire complex of micro- and macroelements must be well balanced - only then will it work as a single team to achieve a common goal. The following table of fertilizers will help you navigate them correctly. Proportions are indicated in grams per bush.

Photo gallery: fertilizers for grapes

Complex fertilizers are prepared and applied to the soil strictly according to the instructions from the manufacturer. Feeding grape seedlings will promote their growth, increase productivity and prevent disease.

Fertilizing with florovit is carried out 10 days before the start of flowering

Grape pests

Wasps are called one of the main pests. They flock to honey-bearing clusters and make nests there, thereby spoiling both the quality of the fruit and its presentation. Methods of controlling wasps are divided into mechanical, botanical and chemical. Mechanical ones include:

• traps made of plastic bottles with bait inside;
• mesh bags placed over the grapes.

The trap consists of two halves of a plastic bottle. Sweet water is poured into one of them, which attracts wasps

Both methods are quite labor-intensive, because one wasp brings along several hundred of its comrades. It's impossible to catch everyone. Putting bags on 300–500 bunches is even more difficult. Spicy plants that have a strong odor, such as basil, mint, lemon balm, garden geranium, wormwood, coriander, and tarragon, will help partially solve the problem. They will scare away not only wasps, but also other harmful insects and lovers of grape nectar.

Unfortunately, the pungent and pungent aromas of herbs will not have any effect on aphids, spider mites, thrips, leaf rollers, scale insects and other pests. If signs of their presence appear, namely: leaves with holes, weak shoots, curling leaves, brown spots, then you must immediately switch to insecticidal preparations. In such a case, a gardener's first aid kit should always contain Inta-vir, Fitoverm, Calypso, Actofit, Omite. They all have their own specialization. For example, Omite is positioned as an acaricidal or anti-mite drug. Calypso is effective against gnawing insects: leaf rollers and flower beetles.

When leaf rollers appear, treatment with insecticidal preparations should be started immediately.

As for wasps and chemical methods of combating them, it is possible to use a smoke bomb or a vinegar solution that is used to lubricate the bunches. However, after harvesting fruits treated with such methods, they must be thoroughly washed until any remaining chemicals are completely removed.

Diseases and their prevention

Without timely care, the vine is very susceptible to disease attacks. It is easier to prevent them than to treat them. The fertilizer application scheme given in the previous chapter will not only ensure proper growth, flowering and ripening of fruits, but will also increase plant resistance to a number of diseases. The most typical of them are the following:

• Mildew or downy mildew. The disease begins with spots on the foliage, then cobwebs and falling buds and berries appear. The cause of the disease is increased soil and air humidity. For prophylaxis before flowering, copper-containing preparations are used: Hom, Aksihom, Polychom.
• Oidium or powdery mildew. Oidium is characterized by a white coating on the leaves and fruits, as well as an unpleasant odor. The disease develops either due to a lack of moisture or due to a sharp change in humidity regimes. Colloidal sulfur preparations will help solve the problem.
• Bacterial cancer. The disease affects the grape trunk, on which an air bubble forms under the bark. Increasing in size, it tears apart the bark, creating cavities in the trunk that are vulnerable to parasites. This anomaly is usually a consequence of severe frosts and the vine overwintering without shelter. Having discovered cancer, the growths should be carefully cut off, and the cut area should be treated with Bordeaux mixture or a solution of ferrous sulfate.
• Spotted necrosis. This is a fungal disease that manifests itself in the death of tissue on the bark. Autumn preventive measures will help prevent necrosis, such as deep digging of the earth around the trunk, removal of fallen leaves, thinning pruning of the bush, and treatment of seedlings before planting with a solution of 4% iron sulfate.

Photo gallery: grape diseases Transfiguration

Signs of mildew or downy mildew - spots on the leaves Powdery mildew develops either due to a lack of moisture or due to a sharp change in humidity conditions Problems with powdery mildew can be solved by preparations with colloidal sulfur Bacterial cancer occurs due to severe frosts and poor winter shelter

It is not possible to talk about all fungal and viral diseases in one article. You just need to remember that they are possible either from improper care or from the variety not matching the climatic conditions of the growing region.

Reviews of grapes Transfiguration

★★★★★
Igor Nikolaevich, 41 years old, aspiring winegrower, Crimea. In terms of its ability to form inflorescences in August and then produce a second harvest in October, Preobrazheniya is the undisputed leader.
The rich pink fruits of the October harvest stood out well against the background of the autumn varieties. No other advertising was required to sell seedlings. ★★★★★
Valentina, 33 years old, summer resident, Maykop. This year the berries of the Transfiguration are more beautiful and brighter than last year.
I came to the conclusion that the color depends on the sun. If the vine is well lit, then the berries are more beautiful and sweeter. And if there is a small shadow, they turn out pale. Hide

Add your review

Grapes Transformation, when all necessary agrotechnical measures are carried out, will certainly please you with a bountiful and beautiful harvest. Despite the young age of the variety, it is a worthy choice for both growing in a summer cottage and for commercial gardening.

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Almost Perfect Transformation

Why "almost"? Yes, because the variety has many more positive qualities than negative ones. The culture has become a favorite not only among experienced winegrowers, but also among beginners. After all, practicing and consolidating your viticulture skills is no more difficult than growing potatoes.

An ideal variety for growing from Kaliningrad to the Urals

From the description made by the state. register of the Russian Federation, it follows that Preobrazhenie grapes, under any weather conditions, produce a full-fledged stepchild harvest without a tendency to peas, while maintaining bright taste, marketability and transportability. The flowers are bisexual with good pollination, so the variety does not require either replanting seedlings of other varieties into the plantation or artificial pollination. The grapes form many large clusters of cylindrical-conical type, which, with proper care, provide high yields. Moreover, the weight of one bunch can vary in the range from 500 to 1200 grams, and in some cases exceed this weight. Large elongated berries with an average weight of 10–11 grams, up to 4 cm in length and a light waxy coating, turned out to be very fleshy and juicy. The considerable sugar content in the fruits—up to 20 g—gave them both sweetness and pleasant sourness. Based on the results of the tasting, the variety was given a rating from experts of 8.5 points.

The Preobrazhenie variety is considered large-fruited. Its fruits reach 4 cm in length

Among professionals, Preobrazhenie is considered a table variety, but this does not mean that making homemade wine from it is contraindicated. On the contrary, the drink turns out to be delicate, semi-sweet, rich and completely without the aromas of wine vapors.

If we add to the description high yield, increased frost resistance, and resistance to grape diseases above average, we get an ideal variety for growing from Kaliningrad to the Urals and from the south of Karelia to the outskirts of the Krasnodar Territory.

The average weight of a bunch of Transfiguration grapes is about 800 grams

In general, over the years of working with it, the solar berry has confirmed its name - Transfiguration. After all, it has proven that it can not only transform in color, but also adapt to the climatic characteristics of a number of regions of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic states, not to mention Transcaucasia and the Central Asian republics. It is important to note that winegrowers in southern latitudes have the opportunity to harvest twice a year - in July and October, bringing its productivity to 20 kg per vine. Not every fruit is capable of such generosity!

Weaknesses of the Transfiguration variety

The position of the author of the article and a summer resident who had grapes of this variety on her six hundred acres obliges us to report the shortcomings. And there are only two of them:

• The variety is not suitable for regions with winter frosts above -200C, because Preobrazhenie is a cover crop.
• The variety requires constant care, starting from inspection of the first seedlings when purchasing planting material and ending with the technology of constructing a winter shelter.

In order not to make your own mistakes when growing Transfiguration grapes, it is recommended to study the experience of others. It may be useful. Therefore, we move on to the cultivation stages.

Reviews from experienced and newbies

A variety that I have no complaints about.
Let’s just say that for a beginner it’s worth planting so that, as they say, the first pancake doesn’t turn out lumpy. Taste and color are individual for each person. In my understanding, the main thing is sustainability, stability and productivity. After all, other varieties disappointed me. serg74 https://vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=223.20

This vine grows in open sunny space, which is why the color is golden.

I have been growing grapes for 5 years.
The Preobrazhenie variety is the second grape that I planted on my plot. The most easy to care for. True, it gets boring to constantly clean up stepsons. They grow like crazy. If you don't harvest them, the grapes will simply be tasteless. Elena https://fermerss.ru/2017/10/23/vinograd-preobrazhenie-opisanie-sorta-foto-otzyvy/#i-3

This year I had my first fruiting of the Transfiguration.
Ripened by mid-August. This is due to underload. We should have it by the end of August. We really liked it. Regular tasty grapes. Crispy, sweet, juicy. I wasn't sick with anything. I left one cluster hanging. It hung for almost the entire month of September. The taste remained the same. Several berries burst, but did not rot. Withstood the rains. For me it is an excellent competitor to Pleven. Vitusya https://www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showthread.php?t=16314

Ideal fruits with even color and sweet taste are the dream of winegrowers

Features of vineyard watering

Grape bushes need to be watered at least once a month, starting in May. If the summer is dry, watering should be done more frequently (once every 2-3 weeks).

Irrigation is carried out according to a schedule, not paying attention to rain, since in order for the plant to receive a sufficient amount of moisture, approximately 60-80 liters of water are needed.

To prevent crusts from forming on the ground after watering, the soil is covered with mulch with approximately a layer of 5-8 cm, which protects the soil from drying out and also additionally enriches the soil with microelements.

Watering is combined with fertilizing of the vineyard. Usually, for these purposes, a barrel of warm water is prepared in advance, in which organic or mineral fertilizers are dissolved. On both sides of the bushes, ditches are dug between the rows. They are made at a distance of a meter from the trunk of the grape bush, because this is where the feeding roots of the plant lie. The depth of the groove is approximately one bayonet of a shovel.

Young bushes (up to 3 years old) are watered in tree trunk holes or in a special pipe, which is sometimes left for watering seedlings.

Characteristics of the variety

Many people are accustomed to the fact that grapes have a dark burgundy color with a slight purple tint. However, the Preobrazhenie variety does not correspond at all to this standard.

It is distinguished by its golden-pink color, which is complemented by delicate tints and transitions. This color appeared thanks to the work of Viktor Krainov, a breeder from Novocherkassk, who created more than 45 grape hybrids during his life.

Viktor Krainov himself speaks of the Preobrazhenie variety as a real breakthrough, which he was able to create. This variety actually has extremely high commercial properties, in particular, low cracking rates. This means that during the process of growing and selling the berries, they will practically not rot.

Preobrazonie is a fairly young grape variety that can bear fruit up to 2 times per season. At the same time, it has a very high yield and excellent taste.

The fruits ripen very quickly. As a rule, this takes no more than 110 days. This period may decrease or increase depending on the specific region and climatic conditions.

Transfiguration grapes (variety description, photos, reviews and care recommendations will help you quickly learn how to grow delicious berries) can be planted not only in open ground. This variety is also well suited for greenhouse conditions. If the grapes are planted in a closed greenhouse, then by the end of July it will be possible to harvest the first large harvest.

The bushes of this plant are quite large and long. Each of them has a large number of shoots. This variety is distinguished by a very strong root system; the vine is also dense and able to adhere well to supports. In this case, the plants do not require special care.

The leaves on the bushes are smooth and large. Clusters and clusters of grapes have a conical or cylindrical shape, but sometimes shapeless clusters also grow. The structure of the grape cluster is quite loose, which prevents deformation of the berries. The weight of one such bunch can reach up to 1 kg.

The berries are large in size and have an elongated oval shape. They can reach up to 6 cm in length and up to 2.5 cm in width. If the grapes have enough heat and sunlight, the berries will be larger.

First, the fruits themselves are formed, after which sugar begins to accumulate in them, and only then the corresponding shade appears.

If green bunches of the Preobrazhenye variety are found on sale, then in this case we are talking about unripe grapes that have not yet had time to fully form.

It is better not to buy such berries, as they have a sour taste.

The yield of this variety always remains stable , no matter what weather conditions prevail.

As a rule, one bush produces about 20 kg of berries per season. Accordingly, the use of this grape on an industrial scale is very profitable.

Peculiarities

The growing season for this grape variety is approximately 100-110 days. However, if you plant seedlings in the southern region, the harvest will ripen 8-10 days earlier. That is, you can pick berries from the end of July to the beginning of August.

One of the main advantages of Preobrazhenie grapes is high yield.

Among other advantages of this grape variety, it is worth highlighting:

• High growth rates of vine formation. Cuttings take root very quickly and do not require special care.
• The hybrid is capable of forming many stepsons, which can be used to obtain a second harvest.
• Grapes do not require pollination measures. The flowers of this variety are bisexual, so self-pollination occurs.
• In the southern regions, the bunches can be much heavier than 1 kg. For example, farmers often harvest up to 3 kg of berries from one vine.

Among the minuses, it is worth noting that this grape variety is not suitable for regions with long winters, during which the temperature remains around -20°C for quite a long time.

Also, this variety requires proper compliance with the preparatory measures that are carried out before planting. In all other respects, farmers and gardeners praise this hybrid and note that, compared to other varieties, it brings much higher yields.

For example, if we compare Preobrazhenie with the popular varieties Helios and Victor, then the former is capable of producing up to 20 kg of berries from one bush. Helios usually does not produce more than 10 kg of grapes, and Victor has an even lower yield (up to 7 kg).

In general, Preobrazhenie grapes are a very high-yielding plant. Based on the description of the variety, photos and reviews, it is obvious that this hybrid is excellent for growing crops for your own use or for sale.

The main thing is to follow all the rules of watering, feeding and caring for this crop. Then the crop can be harvested twice per season.

Preparing the soil and planting site

It is recommended to decide on the place where the grapes will be grown in the fall, since the rooting of seedlings is carried out next spring. It must be taken into account that grapes are a sunny crop , and accordingly, you need to choose a place where there are no walls creating shadow.

At the same time, drafts and wind from the north should not be allowed. Therefore, you should not plant vineyards on the north side of the house or fence. The taste characteristics of the berries and the color of their peel will depend on how correctly the site is selected.

Suitable soils for grapes

If a darker shade of the grapes is important, then, on the contrary, they should be planted in a little shade. In this case, the berries will be more saturated in color, but they will taste more sour, and the harvest itself will not be as large as when grown in the sun.

Preobrazhenie grapes, according to reviews and descriptions of the variety, are very popular with birds. Therefore, in order for the berries to turn out beautiful, as in the photo, it is important to think through methods of dealing with them. Some use scarecrows, other gardeners use chemicals or plant grapes in areas that are not very open.

In the fall, you need to dig up the ground with about one and a half shovels. After this, fertilizer is produced using humus, peat or humus. The soil should be left in this state until spring. During frosts, the soil with all its nutrients will subside a little, and all the internal voids that have formed will disappear.

When digging, you need to take into account that 1 seedling requires about 90-100 cm of area. After preparing each such area, it is necessary to cover it with a special heat-protective film, which can be purchased at a specialized gardening store. In the spring you need to repeat the digging procedure.

Digging the soil is important for growing both grapes and any other garden or vegetable crop.

As a rule, this stage is performed at a time when the temperature has already stabilized and the frosts have subsided. You won’t have to put a lot of effort into digging, since in the fall the land was already well processed. In the spring, you only need to refresh the soil using a pitchfork or even a regular rake.

After this, you need to form a hole 40-50 cm deep, into which humus or superphosphate granules are also added. But fresh manure or humus that has not yet fully formed must be discarded. Otherwise, there is a high risk that the plant's roots will burn.

During the land work, it is necessary to ensure that the seedlings adapt a little to the soil. If, while the cuttings or roots were being stored, new buds began to form on them and sprouts appeared from them, then it is best to remove them. You only need to leave 1 strongest sprout.

It is also recommended to remove all dried leaves and branches. After this, you need to cut off the top of the main sprout using garden shears and leave only a part of the stem with 5 eyes. It is also recommended to shorten the roots a little. To do this, you need to cut off their tips so that the total length of the rhizome is about 16 cm.

After this, you need to place the cuttings in a container with settled water and add a small amount of a stimulant (for example, Gumatom) to it. The plants should remain in this state for 24 hours, after which they will be ready for planting.

Fertilizer and feeding

Systematic application of fertilizers helps restore soil depletion. Two types of fertilizers are often used in the vineyard:

• organic;
• mineral.

Of the organic varieties, the most valuable is rotted manure, the nutrients of which are absorbed by the grapes gradually, over 3-4 years.

Mineral fertilizers are applied during root and foliar feeding. The composition of fertilizers depends largely on the soil, the condition of the bushes and yield.

Root feeding is done once every 2-3 years, preferably in the fall. It can be combined with watering the vineyard.

Foliar - carried out in the following terms:

• 2-3 days before flowering;
• a few days after flowering and shedding of excess ovary;
• 10-12 days before harvest.

Foliar feeding can be combined with spraying the vines. Treatment is carried out in cloudy weather, early in the morning or after sunset. The best results are achieved when sprayed after rain, when the leaf is cleanest and most receptive to the absorption of nutrients.

Vineyard irrigation

Grapes require the highest water content in the soil during the period of active sap flow, bud opening, shoot growth and flowering.

It requires slightly less moisture during the period of berry growth, but it is undesirable to overdry the soil.

To maintain soil moisture at a level that ensures a good harvest next year, it is necessary to carry out (for warm climates) 3-5 vegetation irrigations and 1 water-discharge irrigation before winter. There is a misconception that heavy rains can create a sufficient supply of moisture. But this is not so, because the soil in the vineyard must be moistened to a depth of 1-1.5 meters.