Wintering cabbage: description, features of growing and caring for the variety, photos

White cabbage Zimovka 1474 is a rather old and specific variety. It is very popular for pickling, fermentation and winter storage, but it is unlikely to suit those who love fresh cabbage straight from the garden. Among varieties for processing, it is preferred due to its durability and endurance.

Landing location	Ripening time	View	Purpose	Origin	Maturation period	Weight
Open ground	Late ripening	White cabbage	Fresh, Long-term storage, Salting, Pickling, Cooking	Variety	130-160	2-3,6

Description and characteristics

The cabbage variety Zimovka 1474 was obtained in the 60s of the twentieth century by scientists of the All-Union Research Institute of Breeding and Seed Production. By experimenting with samples of cabbage from foreign varieties, breeders wanted to get a new species that would be distinguished by large fruit sizes and good keeping quality, and could be grown in regions with any climate. The new variety was officially registered in 1963.

Did you know? The famous ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher Pythagoras was engaged in the selection of cabbage and highly valued the beneficial qualities of this vegetable.

The characteristics of the variety are presented below:

The Zimovka variety is a late-ripening variety; it takes 140–160 days to ripen the crop.
The head of cabbage is dense, has a round and slightly flattened shape. It consists of thin, grey-green, rounded leaf blades and can reach a diameter of 70–120 cm.
The leaves of the vegetable are medium in size and have wavy edges, covered with a layer of waxy coating. When cut, they are colored yellow-white. The leaf length is 40–48 cm, and the width is from 32 cm to 45 cm.
The head of cabbage has a long outer stalk. Cabbage leaves taste sweet and their veins are soft. During the first 2-3 months after harvest, the leaves have a slight bitter taste, which disappears with longer storage.
The yield of the variety per 1 m² is 6-7 kg. The weight of one fruit is 2–3.5 kg.
Vegetables have good shelf life and can be stored for up to 8 months after harvest.
The Zimovka variety of cabbage is frost-resistant, drought-resistant and unpretentious to the nutritional composition of the soil.
Read also: Tomato Djalo Santa: photo variety, features, reviews

How to distinguish from other species?

Using the following recommendations, you can distinguish Zimovka cabbage from other heads of cabbage:

It is necessary to pay attention to the density of the cabbage: with an average size, the weight of the cabbage should be 3-4 kg.
Note the characteristic color of the leaves: with a blue-green tint and a pronounced waxy coating.
Evaluate the leaves by shape: Zimovka’s are slightly wrinkled with a wavy edge.

Read about types of cabbage here.

We recommend reading about the varieties Valentina, Sugarloaf, Mirror, Centurion, Kale, Romanesco, Nozomi, Vestri, Gift.

Pros and cons of the Zimovka cabbage variety

Zimovka cabbage quickly gained popularity among gardeners due to its many positive characteristics.

The advantages of the variety include the following:
high productivity;
excellent presentation of the fruit;
good shelf life and transportability;
resistance to head cracking;
universal use of fruits;
excellent taste, high vitamin C content;
unpretentiousness to growing conditions;
frost resistance;
stable immunity to spot necrosis and gray mold.

Over the long period of existence of this variety, it was not possible to detect any significant negative qualities in the vegetable. Some gardeners consider the disadvantages of Zimovka cabbage to be its long ripening period and the slight bitter taste of the fruit in the first months after harvesting the vegetable.

The most productive late cabbage

Yield varieties and hybrids of cabbage are usually grown for sale. Of course, any gardener is pleased to grow a large harvest, but it still needs to be processed somehow or stored somewhere. Therefore, before choosing these varieties, you should think in advance about where to put the future harvest. Below are varieties and hybrids that produce large and stable yields from year to year.

Varieties and hybrids that produce large and stable yields

“Ulya F1” is a late hybrid originally from Poland. Ripening occurs in 118-125 days. The plant has a tight head, flat-round shape, weighing 3-4 kg. Like many winter cabbage varieties, this hybrid has universal applications. Shelf life under good conditions is 10 months. Productivity – 12 kg/m. sq.
“Crumont F1” is a late hybrid, ripening occurs in 120-170 days (depending on the region). The heads of cabbage do not crack, are tight, and weigh 2.1-4 kg. The color is gray-green, and the shape is rounded-flat. The shelf life can be up to 7 months. Is immune to fusarium and vascular bacteriosis. Approximate yield is 7-11 kg/m. sq.
“Gift” is a late variety of cabbage, ripening 4-4.5 months after germination. Large heads of cabbage – 3-5 kg. They are round, slightly flattened on top, dense, and green-white in cross section. Productivity per square meter is 9-10 kg/season. Recommended for fresh consumption and fermentation. Shelf life on average is 7 months.
"Mara" ripens in 165-175 days from the appearance of the first shoots. The heads are almost round, small - 2.5-3.2 kg, tight, do not crack. 8-9.5 kg of crop is harvested per square meter. The variety is distinguished by its transportability, excellent taste and pleasant appearance of the heads of cabbage. There is resistance to nitrate accumulation. Universal use.
"Aggressor F1" matures in about 4 months. The variety produces weighty heads up to 5 kg, but more often 3-4 kg, and do not crack. It is immune to thrips and fusarium, tolerates drought, and is easy to care for. From a square meter you get up to 8 kg of cabbage. The taste of the head of cabbage is excellent, the leaves are juicy, crispy, and sweetish. Shelf life 5-6 months.

High-yielding varieties of late cabbage also include: “Slava”, “Turkis”, “Megaton F1”.

Optimal growing time

To determine the optimal time for planting seeds, you need to take into account the climatic characteristics of a particular region. In the northern regions, it is recommended to grow Zimovka 1474 cabbage exclusively in seedlings, and in the southern regions, the seeds can be immediately sown in open soil.

Sowing seeds for seedlings is usually carried out in early April, so that the sprouts can be transplanted to the site in the second half of May or early June. If the seeds are immediately planted in open soil, then the sowing time falls at the end of May, but in case of night frosts, the beds with seeds must be covered with film.

Plant with seedlings or seeds

Cabbage Zimovka 1417:

About the variety . White cabbage Zimovka (lat. Brassica oleracea var. capitata Zimovka 1474) is the best variety for storing for the winter. It is characterized as a late-ripening variety, suitable for consumption in the second half of winter. The heads of cabbage are round-flat, white when cut. The leaves have a bluish tint due to a waxy coating. Heads of cabbage reach a weight of 4 kg. Ripening period September - October.

Landing. Cabbage is planted in open ground as seedlings. In the southern regions, seed planting can be used. Demanding on soil fertility and moisture. Seeds for seedlings are sown in mid-April.
Care. After planting cabbage in the beds, frequent and abundant watering is necessary for good rooting. After 2 weeks, watering is reduced to once a week. After each moistening, the root circle must be loosened and the cabbage hilled. To repel insects, you can spread onion peels around the seedling.

Video: according to experts of the Dacha Happiness channel, the characteristics of the Zimovka variety are best suited for winter storage.

Rules for growing the variety

Cabbage Zimovka 1474 is unpretentious to growing conditions, and its seeds have good germination. But to achieve high yields, it is recommended to carry out preliminary preparation of planting material and soil on the site, as well as adhere to simple rules for growing seedlings and transplanting them into open ground.

Seed selection and preparation

It is recommended to purchase Zimovka 1474 cabbage seeds in specialized stores.

We recommend reading how to properly plant and grow cabbage.

To prevent plants from being damaged by diseases and pests, as well as to speed up the germination of planting material,
you need to perform the following steps to prepare it:

select seeds of the same size and correct shape;
soak the planting material in an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate for 15–20 minutes to disinfect, and then rinse it with clean water;
To speed up the germination of seeds, you can place them in gauze and immerse them in hot water at a temperature of +50°C for 15 minutes. After this time, the gauze with planting material must be cooled in cool water;
After completing all the above steps, the seeds need to be spread out on paper in one layer and dried at room temperature.

Growing seedlings

It takes about 50 days to grow strong cabbage seedlings Zimovka 1474, so it is recommended to start this process in early April. Seeds are planted in small containers or individual containers filled with a mixture of garden soil, humus, sand and wood ash (all ingredients are taken in equal proportions).

Important! 10–14 days before planting the seeds, the resulting soil mixture must be calcined in the oven for 20 minutes at a temperature of +200

°
C or pour a hot aqueous solution of potassium permanganate for disinfection.
Step-by-step instructions for growing cabbage seedlings Wintering:

Water the soil in the containers with water so that it is well moistened. Make indentations about 1 cm in size at a distance of 3-4 cm from each other.
Place 1-2 cabbage seeds in each hole and cover them with soil. Gently level the surface of the earth with your hands.
Cover the container with the planted seeds with film or glass. Place it in a well-lit place, periodically moistening the soil with warm water as it dries.
Seedlings appear 5 days after planting. After this, the shelter must be removed and the container with seedlings kept at a temperature of +10°C until the first green leaves appear.
7–10 days after seed germination, the seedlings are watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate for disinfection and feeding with nutrients.
If the seeds were sown in one large container, then 10–14 days after the emergence of seedlings, when they already have 4-5 leaves, the sprouts are planted in individual containers. In this case, the roots of the sprouts need to be shortened by a third of their length.
After picking, the seedlings should be kept in a well-lit place with an air temperature of +14...+18°C;
The duration of daylight for cabbage seedlings should be at least 12 hours a day. If necessary, use sources of artificial lighting.
As the soil dries, moderately water the sprouts with warm water. After irrigation, surface loosening of the soil is carried out.
As an additional feeding, you can sprinkle the leaves of the seedlings with wood ash powder.
The container with seedlings should be kept in a well-ventilated place, but the sprouts should be protected from cold drafts so that the seedlings do not die.

Preparing the land on the site

In order for the cultivation of Zimovka 1474 cabbage to bring a generous harvest, you need to choose the right site.

The place for cabbage must meet the following requirements:

good sun exposure;
loamy or clayey soil composition;
neutral soil acidity;
lack of groundwater close to the surface of the earth;
good predecessors for vegetables are legumes, potatoes, cucumbers and tomatoes;
This crop cannot be planted for 3 years on an area where turnips, turnips or radishes were previously grown.

Did you know? The name “cabbage” comes from the ancient Greek word “kaputum” and literally translates as “head”.

Preparing the site for planting cabbage seedlings begins in the fall, after harvesting.

This procedure includes the following steps:

thorough removal of all plant residues after harvesting in the fall;
deep autumn digging of the earth with the addition of lime;
adding humus in the spring (1 bucket per 1 m²) and re-digging the area;
digging holes 2 weeks before planting seedlings.

Transplanting seedlings into the ground

In order for cabbage seedlings to take root well in open ground, they must become stronger by the time of transplantation. Each sprout should have 5-6 strong green leaves, and the height of the seedling should be at least 15 cm. Typically, plants reach these figures by the end of May or beginning of June, after which they are planted in a permanent place.

Instructions for transplanting cabbage seedlings Wintering:

Seedlings should be placed on the plot according to a 35×60 cm pattern.
Place 2 tbsp at the bottom of each well. l. superphosphate, 2 tbsp. wood ash and 1 tsp. urea.
Lightly water the sprouts in individual containers with water to make it easier to remove them along with the earthen lump. Carefully remove the seedlings from the containers and place them in the prepared holes.
Sprinkle the roots of the seedlings with soil and lightly compact its surface with your hands.
Water the planted seedlings generously with warm water.

Harvest and storage

The harvest is harvested in late September - early October in dry weather. It is important to remove cabbage from the beds before frost and rain, otherwise it will rot.

Heads of cabbage are dug out of the ground with roots, then cleared of the top leaves and hung to dry in a well-ventilated area.

All damaged specimens are thrown away or set aside for immediate use. Heads of cabbage suitable for storage are placed in boxes, covered with a layer of earth, and taken out to a dark, well-ventilated room with an air temperature of 0...+2°C and humidity within 95%. In such conditions, the crop is stored for 8-10 months.

Features of plant care

Cabbage variety Zimovka 1474 is undemanding in care, but for normal growth the plants need a sufficient amount of moisture and minimal care of the soil in the beds. This variety can be grown even in soils that contain few nutrients, but to increase crop yield, it is recommended to apply fertilizing.

Irrigation rates

This variety can tolerate short-term drought, but reacts negatively to waterlogged soil.

Important! If you overdo it with watering plants, their root system completely dies within 12 hours.
Basic rules for watering wintering cabbage:

during the growth period, each seedling needs to spend 1–5 liters of water;
adult plants require about 2 buckets of water;
The frequency of watering depends on weather conditions and is 1-2 times a week. Plants are watered after the top layer of soil dries;
You need to irrigate the cabbage with settled warm water at a temperature of +18...+23°C;
It is recommended to use the drip irrigation method using a watering can;
3-4 weeks before harvesting, watering the cabbage should be stopped so that the heads of cabbage do not crack and are better stored in the winter.

Top dressing

The addition of nutrients during active plant growth helps to significantly increase the yield of a given crop.

It is best to fertilize Zimovka cabbage as follows:

The first application of fertilizers is carried out 20 days after planting the seedlings on the site - they are watered with an aqueous solution of mullein (1 part product to 4 parts water), spending 1 liter of fertilizer on each plant;
re-fertilization is carried out 10 days after the first fertilizing - 1 liter of an aqueous solution of chicken manure is applied to each plant (1 part manure to 4 parts water);
after another 10 days, the cabbage is again watered with a solution of mullein or bird droppings, spending about 6–8 liters of product per 1 m²;
To prevent pests and provide additional nutrition, you can sprinkle cabbage leaves with wood ash every 10 days.

In order for root fertilizers to be better absorbed, it is recommended to apply them along with watering the cabbage.

Did you know? Fresh cabbage juice has a rejuvenating effect and also promotes disinfection and wound healing.

Loosening the soil and weeding

Weeds can quickly choke out growing seedlings, so as they appear, the soil around the plant is weeded. Removed weeds must be taken outside the site to prevent the proliferation of pests and the occurrence of diseases.

Surface loosening of the soil is carried out simultaneously with weeding the soil and after each watering. The procedure is carried out carefully so as not to damage the root system of the cabbage. Loose soil promotes good air access to the roots of the plant and prevents stagnation of water in the soil.

Distinctive features

Gardeners call the main distinctive characteristics of the Zimovka-1474 variety:

high density of heads of cabbage;
large amounts of ascorbic acid;
long shelf life (more than 8 months);
versatility of purpose;
frost resistance (up to -6 °C);
unpretentiousness to soil type.

Note! During storage, the taste of Zimovka-1474 improves. Cabbage leaves become even juicier, and their sugar content increases to 4.9%.

Pests and diseases

If all of the above care recommendations are followed, Zimovka cabbage is practically not affected by diseases and harmful insects.

But sometimes plants can be threatened by the following infections:

Blackleg. The causative agent of the disease is a fungus that is found in the top layer of soil. It quickly multiplies in waterlogged soil and provokes rotting of the root collar - it becomes dark and deformed, and the affected plant dies. Diseased plants should be immediately removed from the site and burned, and the beds should be watered with a solution of potassium permanganate.
Kila. This disease is also a fungal disease and is manifested by the appearance of growths on the root system of cabbage. In this case, the roots cannot absorb moisture and nutrients from the soil that the plant needs to grow. As a result, the above-ground part of the cabbage develops poorly and the plant subsequently dies. Infected specimens are removed from the site along with a lump of earth formed around the roots. The hole left after removing the plant is generously sprinkled with lime.
Mucous bacteriosis (wet bacterial rot). The disease is bacterial in nature and leads to rotting of the head of cabbage. The covering leaves begin to turn black, become covered with a damp coating and emit an unpleasant odor. Subsequently, this process spreads to the remaining leaves and the cabbage completely rots. Affected heads of cabbage should be removed from the site, and the beds should be treated with chemicals (for example, Trichodermin).
Downy mildew (peronosporosis). The source of this infection is a fungus. On the outside of the vegetable leaves, yellowish spots of irregular shape appear, the lower surface of which is covered with a grayish-white coating. The spots gradually increase in size, leading to yellowing and complete death of the above-ground part of the plant. The affected parts of the cabbage are cut off and burned, and the beds are treated with chemicals (for example, Oxychom).

Pests also pose a danger:

Cabbage fly. The insect lays eggs in the top layer of soil, and the emerging larvae destroy the root system and stalk of the vegetable. The plant begins to noticeably lag in growth, and if it is severely damaged, the head of cabbage deteriorates from the inside and becomes unsuitable for storage. You can scare away the pest from the beds by sprinkling the rows with a mixture of tobacco and lime. Among chemical preparations, you can use “Bazudin”.
Slugs. These pests are thick caterpillars that eat cabbage leaves. In this case, round through holes are noticeable on the head of cabbage, and the surface of the leaves is covered with sticky mucus. Affected cabbage leaves turn yellow and die. If there are a small number of pests, they are collected manually, and the row spaces are sprinkled with sawdust - slugs cannot move on them - or with ground red pepper. For chemicals, use a 0.5% solution of copper sulfate or the drug “Meta”.
Belyanka (cabbage butterfly). This white butterfly lays its eggs among cabbage leaves. Larvae emerge from the eggs and destroy the head of cabbage from the inside, eating its juicy pulp. A sign of the appearance of whites are nibbled leaves of a vegetable. To combat the pest, the beds are sprayed with an aqueous solution of laundry soap, and in case of severe damage, chemicals are used (for example, Inta-Vir).
Aphid. These small green insects and their larvae feed on the juice of cabbage leaves. As a result of their appearance, the leaves become yellow or pink, and their edges curl and dry out. The cabbage becomes loose and gradually disappears. At the initial stage, you can get rid of the pest by spraying the beds with a solution of garlic or tobacco. In case of significant damage, insecticides are used against aphids (Iskra-M, Senpai).

To prevent the occurrence of all of the above problems, you need to take preventive measures:

treat the soil and cabbage seeds before planting;
maintain the correct watering regime;
remove plant residues from the soil;
carry out autumn digging of soil;
observe crop rotation;
adhere to the recommended cabbage planting scheme;
Periodically inspect plants for signs of disease or pest damage.

Area of use in cooking

“Wintering” is used in cooking:

for preparing fresh salads, borscht, cabbage soup, side dishes, stews;
pickling;
pickling;
canning;
marinating.

It is recommended to use the heads of cabbage for consumption 2-3 months after harvesting from the beds, when the vegetables will taste much sweeter.

Agricultural technology

In private farms, the crop is grown using seedlings. Seeds are sown in the second half of March - early April. They are planted shallowly - 1 cm. Shoots appear quite quickly, within a week. If there is not enough light, seedlings may stretch out, in which case lighting will be needed. The plants are transplanted to a permanent place at the age of 35 - 45 days. If frosts are observed on the soil during this period, the bed is covered with film. Cabbage is unpretentious to soils, but light, loose and nutritious soils, such as loams, help it reach its potential. The landing site should be well lit. In the shade, the heads of cabbage become small, lose density, and become prone to flowering. The plant has a positive attitude towards watering, but the main requirement is not to over-moisten the soil. 2 weeks before the start of harvesting, watering is stopped. After transplantation, 2 - 3 fertilizing is carried out using nitrogen-containing and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Keeping your garden bed clean will help curb the development of disease. According to some reports, the crop requires preventive treatment against powdery mildew.

Wintering 1474 is an excellent cabbage for growing not only in summer cottages. It has also proven itself well in industrial plantings. The variety is valued for stability, good yield, unpretentiousness and disease resistance. Our hero is one of the main varieties for storing for long-term storage, during which the marketability of the vegetable does not suffer. I would especially like to note the taste, which only improves over time. Cons - this is not about our hero. Over its long history, the culture has gained many fans and won an honorable place in the garden bed.

Diseases and their prevention

Wintering, like other varieties, can be affected by:

black leg;
clubroot;
mucous bacteriosis;
downy mildew.

It is also threatened by the cruciferous flea beetle, cabbage fly, snails and slugs, whiteweed and aphids.

When combating most of these dangers, it is recommended to use traditional methods of protection.

Some plants in combined plantings can take care of their neighbors. For example, if you sow dill in cabbage beds, it will attract insects that help get rid of cabbage aphids.