Cabbage Golden hectare 1432: characteristics, reviews and photos

The Golden Hectare 1432 cabbage has already been tested for decades among domestic vegetable growers (the variety was bred in 1938 at the Vavilov Research Institute). The cultivar is valued for its generous yields, endurance and sustainability.

Description of the cabbage variety Golden Hectare

The root system of the Golden Hectare cabbage is a taproot. The depth of its penetration into the soil is from 30 to 40 cm. Small roots go much deeper - up to 1 m.

The stem is a short and thick stalk. It is very leafy. The stem color is white-green.

The leaves are round, quite large underneath, gray-green with veins.

In the upper part, small leaves are collected in round forks. They are white.

The leaf rosette is slightly raised. It is small in size (circumference 60-75 cm). The leaves themselves are entire, located on short petioles. Their surface is smooth, in rare cases slightly wrinkled. The stalk inside the head of cabbage is small.

Ripening time ranges from 100 to 110 days. The harvest is harvested almost simultaneously, since ripeness occurs immediately in all specimens.

Agricultural techniques for growing in open ground

In central Russia, the Urals, Siberia and the Far East, early cabbage, including June cabbage, is usually planted in open ground in early May.

It will be much worse if the cabbage is planted 7–10 days late. Then the time for pouring the head of cabbage will fall in hot July. If a fork gets tied, it will certainly be loose or cracked.

Autumn preparation of beds

The bed for cabbage has been prepared since autumn. The soil is dug up, saturated with rotted manure or peat compost, and fertilized with wood ash.

Cabbage beds should be set up in the fall, generously filling them with peat compost.

In addition, the area should be well lit and drained. Drainage outlets can serve as deep furrows along the perimeter of the beds, ordered by area from 20 to 40 m2.

Planting seedlings in open ground

Before planting seedlings in open ground, they must reach 40–45 days of age and acquire 4–5 true leaves. The best time to manipulate seedlings is in the evening after 17-00 on the eve of spring rain.

Cabbage seedlings that have 4–5 true leaves are considered ready for transplanting into open ground

Procedure:

1. The holes are dug in the spring and fertilized (despite the fact that in the fall the entire bed was enriched with nutrients). Peat compost or humus is suitable (250–300 g per hole at least 15 cm deep). The fertilizer is mixed with garden soil.
2. Before removing plants from their seedling containers, water them thoroughly and allow time for the water to soak into the soil. This technique will make it easier for the roots to emerge from the ground and will not cause serious injury to them.

   Before removing plants from seedling containers, water them thoroughly

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3. The seedlings are removed from the pots and dipped into a solution with a growth stimulator for 1–2 minutes.

   Plant roots can be immersed in a solution with a growth stimulator for 1–2 minutes.

4. The cabbage root is placed in the center of the hole, covered with soil, watered abundantly and covered again with dry soil so that the moist layer under it is preserved for as long as possible.

   The cabbage root is placed in the center of the hole and covered with soil.

Peat pots are installed completely in the hole, the seedling is not removed

Feeding cabbage in open ground

7–10 days after transferring the seedlings to open ground, it is necessary to carry out the first fertilizing. It is necessary in order to:

• give the plant additional immunity from diseases and attacks from garden pests;
• prevent the formation of arrows and the departure of cabbage into the flowering phase;
• promote ovary fork and increase strength in leaves.

Feeding will not only give the plant additional immunity, but will also prevent the formation of shoots

As a nutrient mixture, you can take a solution with the addition of 20 g of ammonium nitrate and 20 g of superphosphate per 10 liters of water. This amount will be enough for 1 m2 of area or four cabbage plants. In addition, there is a number of effective fertilizers that stimulate the formation of the ovary, where all elements are balanced and ordered. These include:

• WMD,
• Agricola,
• Sotka,
• Planta,
• Ovary for cabbage.

After another 7 days, a second feeding is carried out. A solution of mullein in a ratio of 1:10 or a mixture of ready-made fertilizers is suitable. It is advisable to use a different brand of fertilizer to vary the nutritional value.

Applying fertilizers to dry soil is unacceptable - plants should be watered thoroughly before fertilizing

It should be remembered that fertilizing cannot be carried out on dry soil, so a sufficient and abundant spill of clean water before the procedure is mandatory. With insufficient moisture, cabbage leaves suffer, curling and becoming covered with a bluish coating. The best time for fertilizing is considered to be a cloudy morning after an overnight rain.

Pros and cons of Golden Hectare cabbage

The positive features of the Golden Hectare cabbage variety include:

• early and simultaneous maturation;
• high productivity;
• excellent taste;
• unpretentiousness in cultivation;
• excellent disease resistance;
• high resistance to pests.

Negative aspects of culture:

• impossibility of long-term storage;
• poor transportability.

It should be noted that among the early varieties, Golden Hectare cabbage has a fairly long shelf life - about 1 month. In other species, this figure is no more than 1 week.

Characteristic

The described cabbage received its name for its numerous positive qualities, because among the early subspecies it has no equal.

• Medium early culture. The period from germination to technical ripeness is 100 - 110 days.
• The heads of cabbage ripen actively and almost simultaneously. Commercial yield reaches 500 - 850 c/ha, which is very pleasing, since early ripening varieties do not have good performance in this regard.
• The yield of marketable products is very high - from 90 to 99%.
• Color resistance is above average.
• Golden hectare is highly resistant to many diseases, but is more susceptible to cabbage clubroot.
• Despite the fact that the head of cabbage is not dense enough, it is not prone to cracking.
• A big plus of the variety is drought resistance and the ability to tolerate light frosts.
• The taste is very good.
• The purpose is varied - for fresh consumption, stewing, pickling.
• For early cabbage, it has good shelf life and good transportability.

Planting and caring for Golden Hectare cabbage

Golden Hectare cabbage grows best in sunny areas with loamy soils. Depending on the climate, the crop can be grown in open ground or through seedlings. Plants are planted at a distance of 0.5-0.7 m from each other.

Important! To obtain very early harvests, the seedling method of cultivation is used.

Seeds are planted in open ground at the end of April. When growing seedlings, this is done at the end of March, and young plants are transferred to the beds in mid-May. In this case, you can take soil similar to what is in the garden. Watering the seedlings is done once every 2-3 days, as the soil dries out; there is no need to fertilize before planting in open ground.

Caring for adult plants is quite simple: watering twice a week with 5-10 liters, regularly loosening the beds and killing weeds

Fertilizing is done 3 times a season: in the middle and end of May and in the second ten days of June. In all cases, a mixture of nitrogen and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is used.

Important! 1-2 weeks before harvesting, stop watering and fertilizing.

Seedling growing method

In order to get cabbage as early as possible, it is best to use the seedling growing method. In this way, you will protect the plant at a young age from pests and diseases and ensure the formation of full-fledged heads of cabbage with a long growing season.

Preparing seeds for sowing

Seeds sold, as a rule, are already sorted and disinfected and do not require additional processing. If you bought seeds of questionable quality, or use your own material, then it is necessary to carry out pre-sowing preparation.

Against clubroot and other fungal diseases, the seeds are placed for 20 minutes in warm water heated to 50 degrees. The water temperature is maintained at the same level. Then the seeds are placed in cool water for 3-5 minutes and dried thoroughly.

During the disinfection process, floating and small seeds are removed.

There are two ways to grow seedlings: potted and potless. In both cases, sowing seeds can be done with or without further picking.

Pot method

Recently, potted seedlings have been increasingly used. Its advantage is good survival rate, because the root system is kept intact before planting.

If you want to grow early cabbage seedlings without picking, then sowing should be done from late February to mid-March. Preparing the soil for seedlings includes mixing soil and humus in equal parts and adding mineral fertilizers: 30 g of superphosphate, 15 g of potassium nitrate, 10 g of ammonium nitrate per bucket of the mixture. Or any complex fertilizer for cabbage.

As a soil for seedlings, you can use transitional or lowland peat with the addition of sand and sawdust. In the absence of microfertilizers, ash is added to the soil mixture at the rate of 2 cups per bucket.

When the soil for seedlings is prepared, you can start sowing:

1. Sow 2-3 cabbage seeds into each container at a depth of 1.5-2 cm in order to select the most successful seedling in the future. After sowing, water the soil generously with water at room temperature. For faster germination of seeds, the pots can be covered with film.
2. Maintain the seeded material at a temperature of 25 degrees until seedlings emerge. Then lower the temperature to 8-10 degrees to avoid stretching the seedlings. With the appearance of the first true leaf, raise the temperature to 15-17 degrees during the day and to 10 degrees at night.
3. Lowering the temperature at night is necessary so that the seedlings do not grow pampered. Such seedlings do not take root well in the soil. Good seedlings ready for planting in the ground should be stocky and have 4-5 true leaves.
4. Keep the soil moderately moist during the growing process to prevent the plant from becoming infected with blackleg. If you discover this disease, ventilate the room and sprinkle the soil with the plant with dry sand. To protect against diseases, add potassium permanganate (3 g per 10 liters of water) to irrigation water.

Potless method

When growing in large volumes or when there is not enough space, use a potless method of growing seedlings. To do this, place the prepared wet mixture in an even layer of 5-6 cm in the boxes and make grooves at a distance of 3-4 cm from one another.

In the phase of 1-2 true leaves, pick the seedlings into pots measuring 6 by 6 cm, or thin out the plants at a distance of 5-6 cm without picking. In potless seedlings, only 10% of the volume of the root system is retained during transplantation.

Potless method with preservation of the root system

There is another way to grow seedlings, which does not involve the use of containers, but it keeps the root system as intact as possible. With this method, pots are formed from well-moistened soil mixture.

To prevent the soil from crumbling when watering, mullein is added to it as a binding material. Its consumption should be no more than 0.5 liters per 1 bucket of mixture. Be careful when preparing this composition, because an excess of mullein will make the soil too dense, which will adversely affect the development of seedlings.

Place the wet mixture in an even layer of 5-6 cm in boxes or directly on the covered soil in a greenhouse, compact it slightly, and then cut along the entire height along and across, forming cubes 6 by 6 cm.

Cabbage yield Golden hectare

The yield of Golden Hectare cabbage ranges from 5 to 8 kg per square meter. Accordingly, you can remove up to 800 kg from one hundred square meters. But these are indicators typical for industrial cultivation. In a private garden or cottage, the yield decreases by 2-5 times. According to reviews from those who grew the Golden Hectare variety, several tons are harvested from ten acres.

Increased yields can be achieved by planting crops more densely and following agricultural practices. Increasing the volume of fertilizers and watering rates during cultivation are not justified, since the plant will not have time to process them, and a large amount of nitrates and sulfates will accumulate in its tissues. It will become impossible to eat such cabbage.

Diseases and parasites

The developers of the Golden Hectare variety took care of the strong immunity of cabbage. However, growing experience has shown that the vegetable is still subject to cabbage clubroot and the invasion of small pests such as aphids and thrips. Let's look at the signs of infection and a description of how to combat them.

Kila

Cabbage clubroot is a dangerous disease that affects the roots of the plant. When clubroot appears on the plant, growths and swellings form on the root system. There is also a slowdown in growth, yellowing and wilting of leaves, and deformation of the shape of the head of cabbage. To eliminate the infection, experienced gardeners recommend using the chemicals Topaz, Trichodermin and Previkur.

Aphid

Aphids are small pests that feed on cabbage juice found in the leaves of the plant. Aphids can destroy an entire crop in just a few days. During an aphid invasion, spots with a pink tint are observed on the leaves of the plant, as well as curling and wilting of the leaves. To combat aphids, it is recommended to use the drugs “Pyrethrum”, “Karbofos”, “Seifos” and “Iskra”.

Thrips

Thrips are tiny pests that cause damage to plant leaves. When a thrips invasion occurs, the leaves become discolored, which then turns brown and dies. To combat thrips I use biological preparations “Fitoverm” and “Peretrum”, as well as chemical agents “Iskra-M” and “Fufanon-Nova”.

Diseases and pests

The Golden Hectare cabbage variety has good resistance to diseases and pests. This is not surprising, since this is precisely what the culture was bred for. Breeders have made every effort to select a stable and unpretentious variety.

But, despite this, with a serious deviation from agrotechnical standards, Golden Hectare cabbage can be attacked by various fungal infections. First of all, this applies to plants that are watered too much.

Important! Diseases characteristic of storage (gray and white rot, Alternaria and others) are not dangerous for Golden Hectare cabbage, since it does not sit for a long time.

One of the common diseases is powdery mildew. Its symptoms are known to any gardener. With it, various parts of the plant are coated with a powdery coating several millimeters thick.

A feature of powdery mildew on cabbage are black spots - a manifestation of tissue necrosis

The cause of the appearance of the fungus that causes the disease is the plant remains of the previous year, which contain its spores. The active phase of treatment of the disease involves the use of the drugs Phytophtorin and Ridomil. If you do not want to use such powerful means, you can get by with something simpler: spraying with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

But it is best to carry out preventive measures in the form of treating the soil with copper-containing preparations some time before planting the crop in open ground. This may be the already mentioned Bordeaux mixture or a solution of copper sulfate.

Of the pests characteristic of cruciferous vegetables, Golden Hectare cabbage can be affected by white cabbage during mass summers. This is the main enemy of the crop, periodically appearing even on the most resistant varieties.

The main problem is not the adult whites, but their larvae, which have a characteristic color

Over the summer, 2 to 3 generations of butterflies can change. In fact, it takes the fourth to winter. Since the Golden Hectare cabbage variety is early, it falls under the first two generations of the pest. Moreover, one will parasitize on young plants, and the second on those already ready for harvest.

No other pest, not even cruciferous flea beetles, has such a detrimental effect on cabbage, so flea beetles should be dealt with especially carefully, regularly inspecting the plants for caterpillars and eggs.

Fortunately, the whitefish does not have good resistance to poisons, and drugs that are not particularly dangerous to humans can be used to neutralize it. These include Karbofos, Iskra M and others.

Mid-late varieties

Heads of mid-late cabbage are denser, and the taste characteristics are higher than those of early and middle varieties. They are less picky about growing conditions than their earlier counterparts.

Symphony

Symphony loves good watering and sunlight. It is grown on an industrial scale. Symphony cabbage grows well in fertile, soft soils with a neutral acidity level. Requires a lot of light and good, abundant watering.

It resists Fusarium fungus well. This is a universal variety, intended for different types of processing. Without special conditions, it is not recommended to store until spring.

Present

This is a reliable, ancient variety of cabbage, known since 1961. In Russia, this vegetable is classified as a mid-late vegetable. Podarok cabbage is not picky about soil. It is planted in sunny areas, not under trees. Even in a little shade, the heads of cabbage grow loose and the leaves become small. Requires good watering, especially at the end of summer, when the forks are being laid. It has strong immunity, but preventive measures must be taken, as it can be affected by clubroot.

Podarok cabbage has high taste characteristics and is universal in use. Typically harvested in late summer, early winter. But if the cabbage gets exposed to a little frost, then it will be even tastier in winter preparations. It has a long shelf life - 6-7 months (until February-March). Due to the fact that the leaves of this variety are thin, they make excellent cabbage rolls.

Application

Since Golden Hectare cabbage is an early ripening variety, its shelf life is short, no more than a month. Therefore, the harvested crop needs to be consumed or processed as soon as possible.

It is used raw in various salads; first and second courses, as well as pies, are made from the Golden Hectare. For consumption at a later date, preserved food is used. Salted and sauerkraut Golden Hectare is able to retain its good taste and most of its vitamin content for 3-4 months. When preserved with sterilization, these periods can be extended to 5-7 months.

Soil preparation

To grow kohlrabi cabbage in open ground, the area must be kept open, sunny and well protected from the wind. It is not advisable to plant it after crops such as turnips, radishes, tomatoes, beets, and any types of cabbage. After cabbage, it is replanted in this place only after 4 years. Cucumbers and potatoes and dill will serve as good companions for cabbage, but grapes and strawberries will be bad.

When choosing a place to plant, it is worth considering the composition of the soil. It should not contain acidic impurities. If they exist in the selected area, then the soil should be deoxidized (for this, lime or dolomite flour is added). Depleted soil will contribute to a tough harvest.

Therefore, during autumn digging, organic matter is added at the rate of 3 kg per square meter. A good addition to it would be a glass of wood ash and a tbsp. l. superphosphate.

In the spring, digging is carried out with the same additives. After this, the earth is loosened, leveled and watered abundantly.

Planting seeds

So, the seeds are prepared, and it’s time to sow them in the soil mixture. As a rule, it consists of equal parts of peat, turf soil and sand. In this case, humus (as well as old soil from garden beds) is not recommended, since the blackleg virus can persist in such soil. It can easily negate all your efforts, and you will not grow high-quality seedlings.

Before planting the seeds, the soil mixture should be watered well. To do this, you need to use potassium permanganate. Planting material is sown in narrow rows - the distance between holes should not exceed one centimeter, and between furrows - about three centimeters. Sowing depth – 10 cm.

Beginner gardeners need to know that late cabbage seedlings need feeding. The first foliar feeding is carried out after two true leaves appear on the bush. To do this, dilute 0.5 teaspoon of microelements with complex fertilizers in one liter of water and spray the seedlings.

The second feeding is carried out before hardening the seedlings. In this case, dilute potassium sulfate (a tablespoon) + urea in the same volume in ten liters of water. One bush will need about a glass of the composition.