Varieties
Breeders did not stop at breeding this grape variety. They improved it, resulting in 2 varieties of Rusobol.
Improved
The variety was created on the basis of Rusbol and Delight. The ripening period for improved Rusbol grapes is 105-115 days. Its fruiting can begin as early as the next year after planting. The variety's clusters reach 900 grams, the length of the berries reaches 2 centimeters.
Muscat
On the basis of Rusbol and Bulgaria stable, Rusbol nutmeg was bred. It has the same basic characteristics as other Rusbols, but there is a difference - nutmeg taste and aroma.
The berries store well and can turn into raisins even in room conditions.
History of grape breeding
“Rusball” is no longer a young hybrid. It was first obtained in 1972 on the basis of the All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya. I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Rostov Region). In addition to Russian breeders, Bulgarian scientists also took part in the work, which determined the name of the fruit of their labors.
Did you know? The name of the hybrid “Rusbol” combines the first syllables of the two peoples who participated in its creation - Russians and Bulgarians.
The goal of the breeding work was to obtain a high-yielding soft-seeded grape variety for universal use with good frost resistance. Out of more than three hundred “contenders”, two were eventually chosen for crossing:
- "Extra-early seedless" - a very early Ukrainian table variety, in turn bred from the cross-breeding of four varieties: red Muscat "De Madeira" and white "Khalili", as well as very ancient European grapes "Madeleine Angevin" and the Central Asian variety "Ak Yakdona";
- "Save Villar 12-375", or "Villar Blanc" - a hybrid of French selection, created according to a complex genetic formula with the participation of the blue “Labrusca” (we are better known as “Isabella”), the American “Rocky” (Vitis Rupestris) and “Berlandier” and some other varieties.
Over the next few decades from the moment of breeding, the hybrid was constantly improved and improved, to which breeders from the Russian Federation put a lot of effort.
Main characteristics
The Rusobol grape has a large number of positive characteristics, which is why the variety has become very popular among winegrowers and consumers.
Description of the bush
The variety grows medium-sized bushes. Flowers appear early, attracting bees. Due to this quality, the bushes can serve as pollinator plants for other varieties. The crown of the grapes is capable of thickening and therefore requires adjustment.
Description of bunches and berries
The weight of the bunches varies between 400-600 grams, some specimens reach up to 900 grams or even more. The shape of the grape clusters is conical, the looseness is medium. The color of the peel is yellow-green, the length of the berries is 18 millimeters, the width is 16 millimeters, the sugar content is 21%.
Productivity
A large number of bunches are formed on the bushes, which is why the quality of the grapes decreases. Therefore, fruiting needs to be regulated, leaving no more than 2 bunches on the shoot.
Transportability
The pulp of Rusbol grapes is dense, the skin is soft. These are the positive qualities of grapes, which is why the variety is very popular among consumers. But the bunches do not tolerate transportation well due to the softness of the peel.
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Frost resistance and drought resistance
Rusbol grapes tolerate winter temperatures down to -24 °C without shelter. In anticipation of a frostier winter, the vine is removed from the trellis and covered with spruce branches. The variety tolerates drought well.
Note! Grape bushes under 3 years old require mandatory shelter for the winter.
Disease resistance
The variety has high resistance to many diseases and pests. But still, he can get powdery mildew, mildew, gray mold, and anthracnose. Among the pests, bushes can be affected by the grape mite.
Taste qualities
Rusbol grape berries have good taste. They are large, dense, sweet, the skin is soft and easy to eat.
Area of application of berries
First of all, grape berries are consumed fresh. The second purpose is drying. Raisins are made from seedless grape varieties, and Rusbol is one of them.
Advantages of the variety
A grape hybrid called “Rusbol” has the following advantages:
- good resistance to the most common fungal diseases in vineyards;
- the formation of large or very large grape clusters with aligned berries that do not fit tightly to each other;
- the hybrid form is suitable for producing high-quality raisins;
- is one of the best pollinating varieties for grape bushes with a functionally female type of flowering;
- consistently high-yielding hybrid form;
- good rooting rates of cuttings;
- frost resistance down to -25°C;
- the possibility of growing using short forming without negative consequences for yield.
The grapes of this variety have average indicators in terms of transportability and commercial qualities. In rainy weather, massive rotting and cracking of berries may occur.
How to plant correctly
Rusbol grape seedlings are purchased from reliable sellers in the garden center or directly from the producers.
Recommendations for choosing deadlines
Experts recommend choosing spring for planting grapes. This way the bushes will have time to take root and grow before the onset of frost. Planting in the fall is also allowed: it must be done a month before the first frost.
How to select and prepare a site
Grapes are planted on the south side of the site: throughout the season it should be well lit by the sun. The soil is selected that is air- and water-permeable and fertile. 2 weeks before planting, a ditch is dug, drainage is laid at the bottom, then a mixture of soil, humus, and mineral fertilizers.
How to select and prepare planting material
In a nursery or garden center, a seedling with an elastic stem and healthy roots, without signs of rotting, is selected. If the root system dried out during transportation, it is soaked in water for 12 hours. A growth stimulator can be added to the water.
Planting scheme
A hole is dug 80-100 centimeters deep and about 1 meter in diameter. When planting several grape bushes, maintain a distance of 2 meters between them. Rusbol grapes are planted as follows:
- dig a hole, lay drainage at the bottom;
- partially fill it with fertile soil;
- install a seedling in the middle, water it abundantly;
- covered with the remains of the fertile substrate.
To prevent the bush from breaking due to gusts of wind, a peg is driven into the hole.
Landing rules
You can grow Rusbol sultanas in different ways. There is a way to graft a cutting onto a rootstock. A prerequisite is that the rootstock must be low. Grafted cuttings take root well, this is another advantage of this variety.
Related article: The work of leaves - The life of a grape plant
Of course, you can plant the cutting itself. If you create good conditions for it to grow, after 2 years, maximum 3, you will get an excellent first harvest. When choosing a place to plant, be sure to pay attention to the presence of a lot of sun - the plant does not grow well in the shade.
Also, it should not be that there is sun on one side and shadow on the other. The berries will ripen unevenly and taste different. We are not talking about the quality of the soil at all, since Mirage sultanas grow on any soil.
But for better rooting and rapid growth, before planting, it is still recommended to fertilize the soil a little, for example with manure. It is mixed with soil so that it has less contact with the roots of the plant. The mixture is poured down a dug hole about a meter by meter in size, a seedling is placed and covered with earth, compacting it well. The formation of air pockets in the hole should be avoided.
It wouldn’t hurt to treat the cutting itself—the seedling—before planting. You need to remove rotten roots, if any, and place it in a solution of a tablespoon of 3% peroxide per liter of water.
This will kill harmful microorganisms and saturate the rhizome with oxygen. After planting, the young plant must be watered with a bucket of water.
Rules of care
The crop is cared for, which includes watering, fertilizing, spraying with fungicides and insecticides, and protection from birds.
Watering mode
In the spring, after planting, the bushes are watered abundantly so that they take root well. In the future, the grapes will have enough moisture from rainfall. Only in too dry summers are the seedlings additionally watered with warm, settled water.
Top dressing
They begin to fertilize the grapes even before the buds open with nitrogen. The next feeding is carried out before flowering with a complex composition. The third time they are fertilized with a potassium-phosphorus mixture at the beginning of fruiting. After harvesting, potassium is added for a safe wintering of the bushes.
Trimming
Formative pruning is carried out every spring. There should be 30-45 developed eyes on the bush. In addition, during the season they carry out an inspection and remove wind-damaged and disease-affected vines.
Mulching
Immediately after planting the Rusbol grapes, the tree trunk circle is sprinkled with mulch from sawdust, straw, and peat. The covering material will prevent the growth of weeds. In addition, mulch retains moisture in the soil for a long time.
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Preventive spraying
To prevent the appearance of fungal diseases, bushes and the soil under them are sprayed with fungicides. The procedure is carried out several times during spring and summer. To prevent harmful insects, grapes are sprayed with insecticides.
Important! Grape bushes are sprayed in dry, windless weather.
Protection from birds and pests
Birds and wasps love to feast on sweet grape berries. You can protect the bunches by covering each bunch with a food net with small cells. In addition, a scarecrow installed next to the bushes and chopped rustling film will repel pests.
Preparing for winter
Before the onset of frost, the bushes are watered abundantly and mulched with compost. If frost above -24°C is expected, the vine is removed from the support and covered. Spruce branches and dry straw are used as shelter.
Support
To support and guide the grape shoots, supports are installed. They can be metal, wood, plastic. The design is made in the form of pillars or trellis arches.
Reviews
Margarita, Chelyayuinsk
In our area, grapes are a curiosity. How nice it is to try your own grown berries! I prefer sultana varieties. I settled on Rusbol. I grow all three varieties - each is good in its own way. Although these varieties are considered non-covering, I do not take risks and provide them with reliable protection for the winter. For this, the grapes give me a generous harvest of berries at the end of summer, which have practically no seeds.
Ivan, Ryazan
I really love sultana grape varieties. Rusbol attracts with its durability. Several times the eyes were severely frozen, but the high fruitfulness of the variety did not allow us to remain without a harvest. For our climate, this variety is what we need.
Reproduction methods
Rusbol grapes can be easily propagated on site by cuttings or grafting.
Cuttings
The ripened vine in the fall, before the onset of frost, is cut, placed in sand, and stored in the basement. In the spring, the cuttings are placed in water for a day and planted in containers with soil or wet sawdust. When the seedlings grow up, they are planted on the site.
Graft
Rusbol grapes will show all their best qualities when grafted onto a tall rootstock. The grafting site is wrapped with tape. Fruiting will occur in the 2-3rd year.
Diseases and pests
Despite good immunity, Rusbol grapes are sometimes affected by certain diseases and pests.
Gray rot
This fungal disease affects the above-ground part of the bush. A gray coating appears on the leaves, the berries wither and fall off. Fungicides are used against the disease, for example, Horus, Insegar.
Oidium
Oidium appears as a white coating on berries and leaves. They seem to be dusted with flour. Bushes are sprayed against fungal diseases with the following preparations: Karatan, Bayleton.
Anthracnose
With this disease, rapidly growing brown spots appear on the leaves. To prevent the appearance of the disease in the spring, grapes are sprayed with copper-containing preparations.
Mildew
This is downy mildew. Yellow spots with white fluff form on the leaf blades. To prevent the disease, the bushes are irrigated with Bordeaux mixture in the spring.
Olive spot
Light yellow spots about 1 centimeter in diameter appear on the aerial parts. To prevent the disease, remove plant debris from the tree trunk, spray the bushes with Bordeaux mixture, and increase immunity by applying fertilizers.
Disease-resistant grapes with great genetic potential - Rusbol variety
Rusbol is a fairly attractive grape variety that is suitable not only for an experienced gardener, but also for a beginner who has virtually no understanding of the peculiarities of caring for grapes.
The main difference between Rusbol and other varieties is its resistance to pests, fungi and high genetic potential.
Rusbol blooms well, and most importantly, produces a lot of fruit.
The branches are covered with a large number of smooth and elastic fruits of the same shape, and there are almost never empty, dead, or stopped developing fruits.
The Rusbol variety is a table grape. Dubovsky pink, Karmakod and Ataman Pavlyuk belong to the same species.
