All about the Borovinka apple tree: description and photo of the variety, growing features and other nuances

There are a large number of apple tree varieties in the world. Many of them have gained popularity among gardeners due to their taste and low maintenance requirements. Breeders are working to create new varieties, but there are varieties of so-called folk selection, because these varieties are popular in many territories and for a long time that their creators no longer remember. The Borovinka apple tree is a variety of Russian folk selection. It is common in some countries and is called differently: Duchess of Oldenburg, Kharlamovka, Bravina, Kharlamovskoe, Borovitskaya. The apple tree is registered in the State Register under the name Borovinka.

Apple tree variety Borovinka.

Photo

Next in the photo you can see the Borovinka apple tree.

Features of apple tree care

The Verbnoye apple tree is undemanding in care. It will be enough for her to carry out standard agrotechnical measures.

Watering

Young specimens are watered once every 1–2 weeks up to 5 years. In the first year after planting, add 20 liters of water to each plant. Every year this amount is increased by 1 bucket, i.e. at the age of five, trees are given 60 liters of liquid at a time. Subsequently, watering is carried out from 3 to 5 times throughout the season, focusing on the temperature regime and the amount of precipitation.

The watering scheme looks something like this:

• before flowering - April;
• after flowering - early June;
• after harvesting.

Trimming

Due to its structure, the Verbnoe apple tree does not need to be shaped. The bulk of this work is carried out during the planting stage. In the future, only sanitary pruning is carried out. It involves removing damaged branches and pinching the main conductor with skeletal branches. The gap in the length of the main branch and the skeletal branches should always be maintained at 20 cm.

1 - before trimming; 2 - after trimming

Fertilizer application

Trees begin to be fed at the age of three. This is done in accordance with the phases of the growing season. At the beginning of spring, when there is active growth of greenery, nitrogen fertilizers are needed. They are applied in parallel with the first watering, before the buds open. At this stage, nitrophoska is suitable - add 8 tbsp to 40 liters of water. l. After a year, instead of the mineral composition, organic matter is used - 5 liters of liquid mullein are added to 40 liters of water.

Did you know? Until 1948, in Germany and France, Christmas trees were decorated with real apples. Later, glass balls imitating fruits had to be invented because there was a crop failure.

The second fertilizing is applied immediately after flowering. During this period, potassium and phosphorus are needed to optimize fruit set. You can use compost-ash infusion. For 30 liters of water add 10 kg of fresh grass (preferably nettle) + 5 banana skins + 1 kg of wood ash.

To speed up fermentation, add 2 tbsp. l. Sahara. The container with the composition is exposed to the sun and covered with a lid. Stir the liquid periodically. After a week, the composition is filtered, diluted in a 1:1 ratio with water and watered.

The remains of greens and banana peels are used as compost for mulching. Instead of this composition, you can use 6 tbsp. l. nitrophoska in combination with 30 g of superphosphate per 40 liters of water. The last time the trees are fed is after harvesting. When digging, rotted manure in combination with 90 g of superphosphate is added to a depth of 10 cm.

Features of the variety

The main advantage of the variety is its pickiness in care. The tree will take root well in any weather conditions . The difference lies only in the characteristics of care and the time of fruit ripening.

Tree height

The height of an adult Borovinka tree reaches 4-5 m.

Crown width

The crown width of the Borovinka apple tree reaches 6 m.

Productivity

The variety pleases with its high fertility , because from 1 tree you can get up to 200 kg of apples. Fruiting occurs early, but this does not mean that there will be fewer apples in the adult phase.

Tasting assessment

Up to 90% of apples are marketable, and some of them belong to the first grade, and 15% to the highest. The fruits have a good sweet and sour taste, the rating on a 5-point scale is 4.05.

Winter hardiness

Borovinka is a frost-resistant variety , which makes it possible to grow it in different climatic regions.

Is it capable of self-pollinating?

This variety is self-sterile.

Pollination

Since the Borovinka apple tree is not capable of self-pollinating, it will need to be planted near other varieties. Moreover, trees should be placed in groups of two or more species, and their flowering should occur at the same time.

For pollination, Antonovka vulgare and Striped cinnamon are suitable.

We advise you to read about other summer varieties of apples: Candy and White filling.

Description of ripe apples

The weight of a ripe apple can reach 90-200 g. They have a regular, round shape.
The apples are green, only on the sides you can see light yellow and red stains.

The skin of the fruit is smooth, there is a slight waxy coating . The pulp has a dense consistency and sweet and sour taste.

The harvested crop can be eaten fresh or used to make compote and jam.

Beginning of fruiting

Intensive fruiting begins at 4-5 years.

We recommend that you read detailed materials about other varieties of apples - “Antonovka”, “Anis”, “Kitayka” and “Melba”.

History of origin

The autumn variety "Borovinka", first described by the Russian writer, forester and botanist A. T. Bolotov in 1800, is one of the plants that was the result of Russian folk selection.

There are different versions of the origin of the name:

• Residents of medieval Moscow called “borovina” an apple that had ripened in a coniferous forest.

According to another popular version, the variety owes its name to a Tula gardener who bore the last name Bravin and grew these apple trees in his own garden.

German pomologists (scientists who study varieties of berry and fruit crops) of the 19th century put forward a hypothesis according to which apple trees of this variety were brought to the southern regions of Russia from Persia, then came to the Lower Volga region, and from there spread throughout the entire western part of the country.

The Borovinka variety quickly gained popularity not only among Russians. Its fruits were enjoyed by residents of Western Europe, North America and even North Africa (which became the end point of the southern area of ​​its distribution), who gave the variety their own names:

• "Bravina."
• "Kharlamovskaya liquid"
• "Kharlamovka".
• "Duchess of Oldenburg."

The variety "Borovinka" is an excellent breeding material for developing new varieties. Their number today is over twenty items.

Borovinka is a popular autumn apple variety. Has a long origin. This variety was born many decades ago as a result of “folk” selection methods. The tree begins to bear fruit at the end of August and ends on the 10th of September. The exact time of apple ripening is directly dependent on the climatic conditions characteristic of a particular area.

Where the name of this variety came from is still not known for certain. There are two theories on this topic that are particularly popular. According to the first of them, the apple tree was named after a gardener from the city of Tula named Bravin, who was actively involved in growing this variety. According to another version, Borovinka means a beaver apple, that is, one that was grown in a coniferous forest.

Apple trees of this variety have an average, rather low growth - about 4–5 m. The leaf blades are quite large, round-oval. The crown is spreading. The trees are characterized by fragile wood, which can cause branches to break off during the period of intense fruiting. Therefore, the owner will have to take care of additional support to avoid the death of the tree or individual branches.

The lifespan of an apple tree is about 50 years. The variety has increased resistance to characteristic ailments and widespread garden pests, which is also highly valued by gardeners. Its disadvantages include a low level of survival during prolonged droughts, which in some cases can lead to premature shedding of apples.

The Borovinka apple tree variety is considered an old Russian variety, bred in Russia. It has been grown for two centuries and goes by various names. In Russia, the official name of this variety is “Borovinka”. There is a version that they named it that way because the tree grows in a forest. From Russia in 1700, this variety was introduced through Germany and Sweden to England, then to France, and in the early 1800s to the United States. It became one of the first apple varieties imported for cultivation from Russia.

Advantages and disadvantages

The following advantages of the variety can be highlighted:

• early ripening of the crop;
• the ability to grow in any region of Russia;
• minimal care;
• abundant fruiting;
• resistance to low temperatures;
• high resistance to parasites and diseases.
• does not require special care.

The Borovinka variety is not without its disadvantages:

• 
  despite the constant regularity of the harvest, in some year the apple tree may produce little fruit;

• increased acidity of fruits is not to everyone’s taste;
• during drought, the tree sheds fruits that have not yet ripened;
• The variety is not able to self-pollinate, so it needs pollinators.

Please note that on our website there are materials about other interesting varieties, for example Zhigulevskoe, Cinnamon striped, Grushovka.

Description of the Borovinka apple tree variety

Apples: color, size, weight

The skin of apples is smooth, glossy, has a light green or almost yellow tint, and can be covered with a speckled striped pink blush, which occupies a small part of the area (no more than 45-50%). Light subcutaneous dots are clearly visible on the surface. The chemical composition of apples can be characterized by the following indicators per 100 grams of product:

• Catechins (P-active substances) – 125 milligrams.
• Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) – 15.3 milligrams.
• Total sugars (fructose) – 11.5%.
• Titratable acids – 0.87%.
• Pectins (fiber) – 15.6%.

The pulp is greenish and acquires a lemon-yellow tint when ripe. It is a little hard and rough, crunchy, sometimes slightly loose and coarse-grained, tastes sweet, but with a bias towards characteristic sourness. The tasting score, according to the majority of gardeners, is 4.05 points out of 5 possible.

Crown and root system

The Borovinka variety tree is considered medium-sized and, without pruning, usually reaches a height of about 4-5 meters.

The leaves have a slightly elongated oval shape, as well as a sharp tip, sometimes curled into a spiral. They are dark green, often have a beautiful graphite tint, leathery, without edges. The root system of the apple tree is quite branched, and the presence of a central core depends entirely on the rootstock used.

Productivity and pollination

However, from about the third or fourth decade, the tree can begin to bear fruit every other year. The maximum recorded harvest reaches 220 kilograms, although, for example, Borovinka cannot be compared with the outstanding Antonovka.

It is believed that this apple tree is self-sterile. That is, without the participation of other varieties in cross-pollination, apples cannot be obtained. Experienced gardeners advise planting apple trees not far from the apiary, because the aroma during flowering is not very strong and pollinating insects may not hear it.

Winter hardiness and disease resistance

Boletus is a winter-hardy variety because it can easily withstand temperatures down to -22-28°C. If you provide it with reliable shelter, then you don’t have to worry about the safety of the apple trees even at -35-40°C. Therefore, its cultivation is permissible almost throughout the entire territory of our country.

The disadvantage of the apple tree is that it does not have any special resistance to any apple diseases or pests. It is very susceptible to scab, powdery mildew, and fruit rot, and is readily eaten by aphids and leaf rollers. However, with timely preventive measures, all this can be avoided.

Reviews

1. Alexander Ivanov, pensioner : “Several years ago I decided to plant several varieties of apple trees on my summer cottage, among which was Borovinka. Last year I managed to get my first harvest. The fruits themselves have a slightly sour taste, but the grandchildren liked it. Compotes and juice were made from the harvested crops. If the tree continues to bear fruit, I will be only happy.”
2. Valentina Komarovskaya, housewife : “In our garden, Borovinka has been growing for a long time, actively bearing fruit, as a result of which it is necessary to put supports under the branches, otherwise they will break. The fruits are stored well until the New Year holidays. I also use the harvest for processing, making compotes and juices.”
3. Nikolay Zona, entrepreneur : “This variety produces very tasty apples, although the pulp has a slight sourness. Borovinka is a very productive variety; the tree can bear fruit for several years without interruption. You can make jam or compotes from the harvested crop.”
4. Vladimir Brovchenko, pensioner : “I really like this variety, because the tree is unpretentious in care. Fruiting occurs regularly and abundantly. The crop can be consumed fresh or processed. If all the apples bore fruit like this, then I could open my own store in the country.”
5. Elena Kurygina, gardener : “This variety is one of the best in terms of fruiting and resistance to frost. Even a novice gardener can grow a tree, since no special knowledge or experience is required. The collected fruits are suitable for fresh consumption, and they also make delicious compote, preserves and jam.”

How to care

The tree must be watered regularly, and in dry times even 4-5 times a week, depending on the degree of lack of moisture. Branches are pruned in spring and autumn. In the spring you need to catch it before the buds appear. Damaged branches are removed and a crown is formed. To give a good shape to the crown of a tree, it is necessary to select several main, strongest, non-intertwining branches and shorten them a little, trim the remaining branches.

The Borovinka apple tree is an old Russian variety created through folk selection. It is grown both in Russia and in North America and Western Europe. Borovinka has gained its popularity due to its unpretentiousness and good yield.

Transportation and shelf life

Apples of the variety in question are suitable for long-term storage, but only if favorable conditions are created for this. You can store fresh fruits until January-February.

You can extend the shelf life of the crop if the air temperature in the room is +1 degree and the humidity is 95%. It is better to place apples in rows in containers and sprinkle them with sawdust. The crop tolerates transportation well, since when transporting fruits the loss is only 10-12%.

This variety belongs to the autumn variety; read more about the characteristics of such apple trees at the link.

Diseases and pests

Gardeners appreciate that Borovinka is moderately resistant to pests and various diseases. However, sometimes it is severely damaged by scab. But proper prevention and treatment with fungicides will prevent scab from ruining the harvest.

The previously mentioned M.V. Rytov in 1862, according to Lodygin, gave the following description at one time: “... They say very correctly that Borovinka is one of the most common varieties of apples in central Russia; This variety is not very respected, probably because these apples cannot compare with Antonovka and are valued much cheaper; Apart from fresh consumption, they are of no use and are not so good when eaten; tenants, however, do not neglect Borovinka as a cheap apple, which always has good sales locally. It would be more correct to recognize Borovinka apples as suitable only for undemanding tastes.”

Undoubtedly, there are some shortcomings, but the Borovinka variety is the most valuable of the “starter” crops for breeding. About two dozen new modern varieties were created not without the participation of the apple tree described above: Volga Beauty, Podruga, Zimneye Polosatoe, Zhigulevskoe and others.

Fruiting and productivity

The Borovinka apple tree variety bears fruit abundantly and for a long time. Already at the age of 10 years, the trees produce excellent yields of fragrant fruits (60-75 kg per tree).

When the apple tree reaches the age of 23 years, you can get up to 200 kg from it. But some gardeners complain about the lack of fruiting.

This may occur for the following reasons:

1. Improper preparation of the planting site. The apple tree is afraid of the cold spring wind and temperature changes, as a result of which the flower buds suffer. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to create suitable conditions for the seedlings.
2. Insufficient lighting. It is best to plant the tree in full sun. It is worth finding the brightest place in the garden.
3. Incorrect planting in violation of the arrangement of seedlings.

Methods for storing apples

In the southern regions of Russia, harvesting begins at the end of August, in the northern regions - a little later, in September.

The productivity of apple trees of the "Borovinka" variety gradually increases with age. So, from a 10-year-old apple tree you can remove up to 75 kg of fruit. By the age of 23, the yield increases to 200 kg and does not decrease for 7 years.

Borovinka apples have thin skin, so when they fall from the tree they quickly deteriorate, losing any nutritional value. It is for this reason that you should not delay harvesting.

Gardeners in the southern regions start it in mid-August, residents of the northern regions - in the first half of September. It is advisable that the weather during apple picking be sunny and dry. Only if this condition is met can you obtain fruits that do not rot and can retain their marketable appearance for several months.

It is noteworthy that the fruits of this variety fully reveal their smell and taste only a week after being picked from the branch.

To store Borovinka apples, you need 95% humidity and a temperature of 1.

1. Apples are placed in rows (stems down) in shallow wooden boxes or cardboard boxes and sprinkled with sawdust obtained from deciduous trees.
2. If there is no sawdust, each apple can be wrapped in wrapping paper or newsprint.
3. Some gardeners store apples in plastic bags, hanging them from the ceiling of the fruit store.

Only if these conditions are met, the fruits will be able to lie until the beginning of February without losing their presentation and taste.

Boletus has fruits that are quite large in size and round in shape. The approximate weight of an average apple is approximately 100 g (maximum weight - 250 g). Apples are characterized by a greenish-yellow color; blush in the form of burgundy stripes and blotches is often observed. The apple pulp is quite juicy, coarse-grained, has a yellow tint, and a refreshing sour taste with a hint of some spice. Although some experts assess the gastronomic indicators of Borovinka as average due to their high acidity.

Knowledgeable people say that after harvesting, apples should be allowed to sit for about a week. It is believed that this brings out the most vivid flavor of the fruit. Apples of this variety are characterized by a high degree of keeping quality and are ideal for long-term storage. The fruits tolerate transportation well; if certain rules are followed, they remain well until the end of January - beginning of February. The harvest of the Borovinka variety has a marketable appearance. Apples can be eaten raw, and can also be used to make preparations and various dishes.

The Borovinka apple tree is considered a productive and early ripening variety. Begins to bear fruit at 4 years of age. Borovinka shows excellent productivity indicators at the age of 5–10 years. During this period, only one tree can produce from 60 to 80 kg of apples. However, especially intensive fruiting of apple trees of the Borovinka variety is observed in the age range from 24 to 30 years.

At this time, from one apple tree you can harvest from 150 to 200 kg of harvest. The Borovinka apple tree has so-called periodic fruiting, which is regarded by experts as one of their most significant disadvantages. Rich harvests are obtained approximately once every 2 years. To increase the yield several times in the neighborhood of Borovinka, which is a self-sterile variety, knowledgeable people recommend planting pollinating apple trees.

Borovinka apples must be stored at a temperature of 1° C and a humidity of 95%.

In this case, they can be stored almost all winter and not lose their beauty and taste.

Agrotechnics of cultivation

In terms of cultivation, the Borovinka variety is not difficult . It is important to water the tree in a timely manner, mulch the soil, prune and prevent diseases and pests.

Selection of planting material and rooting

You can plant seedlings in spring and autumn, but only use planting material for this at the age of 2 years.

In the spring, planting work is carried out before the buds open, and in the fall - before the onset of frost.

When choosing a seedling, the following points must be taken into account:

1. There should be 4-5 branches on the crown.
2. The graft should be located 7-8 cm from the root.
3. The young tree should have healthy bark.
4. The height of the seedling is 1.5 m.

Planting work is carried out according to the following plan:

1. Prepare the pit. If planting is done in spring, it should be prepared in the fall. If autumn planting is chosen, then the hole is dug in 2-3 weeks. The depth should be 0.6-0.7 m, and the diameter should be 1 m.
2. If the soil is poor, it will need to be fertilized. To do this, you can use manure, peat, wood ash and complex compositions. Place a drainage layer 15 cm thick at the bottom of the recess.
3. When planting, special attention is paid to deepening the seedling. It is necessary to ensure that the root collar is 30 cm above the ground level.
4. The seedlings can be stabilized using a stake to which the tree must be tied.
5. After planting, be sure to water the apple tree.

Selection and preparation of a site

Boletus prefers sunny places, but can grow and bear fruit normally in slightly shaded areas. The soil should be moisture-absorbing, slightly acidic and rich in nutrients.

Trees must be planted at a distance of 3 m from houses and buildings, as well as maintaining a distance of 2.5-3 m from the fence.

Need for transplant

Transplantation is carried out in spring and autumn . If the future garden will be located on an area with poor soil, then the trees will need to be replanted in the spring. Do this in cloudy and windless weather. Also, a transplant is carried out in the spring if the autumn was too cold and without rain. In other cases, the procedure is carried out in the fall.

How to prune in the fall and form a crown?

With the onset of autumn, all damaged branches must be removed. Do this after harvesting.

To form the crown, you will need to select several of the strongest branches (3-5 pieces) that do not interfere with each other.

Selected branches must be shortened and the rest trimmed . In the future, every year, the crown needs to be thinned out and weak and crooked shoots removed.

Feeding

With the onset of spring, the tree needs to be fed. Various complex formulations that do not contain nitrogen are suitable for these purposes. If the apple tree grows on poor soil, then it is worth fertilizing every year , but on rich lands it is not recommended to overuse it with the frequency of applying nutrients.

Graft

There are several methods of grafting this variety, but budding with a germinating eye is most often used. It is performed in early spring, when the first leaves appear on the tree.

Expert opinion

Klimkina Elena Vladislavovna

Florist, businessman. Organized her business on a country plot of land

This method is used only in southern regions where the temperature is stable. The essence of the method is that a bud with adjacent tissues is cut out from a one-year-old scion shoot . It is then inserted into a T-shaped cut in the trunk of the rootstock.

Permissible groundwater level

It is necessary that in the selected apple tree growing area there is no nearby groundwater. They can be no closer than 1.5 m from the surface.

Protection from cold and rodents

With the onset of frost, the tree must be protected from the cold . The first thing that requires cover is the root neck.

This must be done using a material that will allow air to pass through.

You can use a regular old stocking. Next you need to protect the tree trunk.

Sugar bags are suitable for this purpose, but the film must be removed from them before using them . Together with the trunk, the lower branches are also partially covered.

To protect a tree from rodents, you can use the following options:

1. Wrap the tree trunk with a fine-mesh metal mesh. As a protective material, you can use roofing material, burlap or film.
2. Prepare a strong-smelling solution. To do this, you need to mix 3 kg of laundry soap, 300 g of naphthalene, 2 liters of any vegetable oil and 0.5 liters of turpentine.

Planting and care

Let's consider three main questions when purchasing seedlings:

Seedlings of this variety are planted in spring or autumn. It is important to be in time before the first frosts manifest themselves on the ground or in the air.

In most cases, when choosing seedlings, preference is given to two-year-old plants.

Choosing a location: the first criterion is sufficient lighting.

But the tree bark can be damaged by excessive sunlight, which is why seedlings of this variety of apple trees are planted in places where direct sunlight is exposed to several hours a day.

The soil. The Borovinka apple tree prefers moisture-absorbing soil. Loamy, sandy loam and floodplain soils are suitable for it, as well as leached chernozems.

Boletus can also be cultivated on sandy soils, but with good care (periodic application of fertilizers). The soil must be slightly acidic - pH 5.6...6.0.

Soil preparation. Manure and humus, in our case, are excellent fertilizers for the land.

Planting seedlings. The soil must fill the root system completely; the soil must be trampled down with your foot.

When planting in the ground, it is unacceptable to bury the apple tree seedling. The root collar (the place where the root passes into the trunk) must be 5-7 cm above ground level.

A newly planted tree needs to be watered with 2-3 buckets of water.

Having planted a plant, we must not forget about caring for it.

Borovina is absolutely unpretentious and is not demanding in caring for itself. But there is also a significant drawback: the apple tree has poor drought resistance, that is, during drought, unripe fruits are dropped.

That is why it is necessary to direct the growth of apple trees in the right direction.

It is necessary to install supports under the branches covered with fruits , or tie the branches of the tree together in order to prevent their death individually or the death of the tree as a whole.

IMPORTANT! The wood on plants of this apple variety is extremely brittle. With a rich harvest, tree branches easily break under the load of fruit, often leading to the short life of the apple tree.

To set fruit, apple trees need pollen from another plant. If your neighbors do not have an apple tree of a different variety on their property or in your garden, purchase one immediately.

After all, when a pollinator appears, the yield increases significantly even in self-fertile varieties.

In spring, the apple tree should be fed. Fertilizing in the fall is also possible; be sure to use various complex fertilizers WITHOUT nitrogen . On sandy soils, mainly poor ones, fertilizers should be applied annually , and on rich lands frequent fertilizing should not be abused.

IMPORTANT: from 80 to 100% of flowers must be picked off in the first year after planting. This improves the survival rate of the tree.

In the future, even at the greenfly stage, it is necessary to pick off up to half of the crop - exclusively established fruits, the size of which is within a few centimeters in diameter. This operation is called “harvest rationing.”

Thanks to it, the tree will be better prepared for winter, the remaining hanging fruits will be sweeter when ripe and will grow to a larger size.

When watering an apple tree, the following arithmetic applies: 4-5 times a month, twice a day, one bucket of water should be used per adult tree.

When fruiting begins, and this is July-August, good watering is extremely important.

If there is not enough moisture during this period, then crop losses are possible not only this year, but also next year.

Watering should be stopped in August. Otherwise, the growth of shoots may be protracted; this can only have a negative effect on the winter hardiness of the tree.

However, if the year turns out to be dry, then continued watering is extremely necessary - this helps the tree to absorb moisture in the required amount. Naturally, depending on the weather, the watering regime will also be adjusted.

Apple tree Borovinka is a frost-resistant variety . However, to protect the young tree from early unexpected frosts or snowless winters, mulching with horse humus is used in the tree trunk area.

When talking about caring for an apple tree, harmful external influences, such as pests and diseases, are highlighted as a separate item.

Varieties

Gardeners can grow different types of Borovinka apple tree varieties, each of which has a different ripening period and growing conditions.

Red

This variety can be classified as medium in terms of ripening. With proper care, you can get apples that have a solid red blush. The advantage of the variety is its frost resistance and resistance to disease . The weight of a ripe apple is 100 g.

Altai

This is a medium-sized tree with a pyramidal crown. Ripe apples are round in shape, slightly flattened. The fruits weigh up to 95 g and are light yellow in color with red stripes. The pulp is loose, juicy and has a sweet and sour taste. The variety is characterized by average yield and winter hardiness.

Pineapple

This is a winter variety that has sweet fruits. The harvested crop can be stored until spring. The fruits have a pleasant sweet and sour taste, and their weight reaches 120 g. The peculiarity of the variety is resistance to scab.

creeping

This type of apple tree is suitable for growing in a creeping form. For these purposes, the seedling must be placed at an angle near the surface of the earth. It is imperative to cut out non-fruit-bearing shoots and protect the tree from sunburn in summer and from frost in winter.

speckled

This is one of the names of the Borowinka apple tree.

Akulovskaya

This variety is in great demand in the Volga region and the Don. It is less resistant to frost and is often affected by powdery mildew. Ripe apples weigh up to 90 g, have a green color and a slight blush.

Consumer qualities of fruits

The apples are regular in shape, without pronounced ribs, and medium in size. The weight of one fruit is approximately 100 g. The main color is greenish or yellowish with a slight pink tint; cover - in the form of a red striped blush. The skin is smooth, and numerous light subcutaneous dots are clearly visible on it. There is a slight waxy coating on the surface. The seed chambers are closed, the seeds are quite large, dark brown. The peduncle is thin and elongated.

Apples are distinguished by high commercial qualities (marketability up to 90%, including premium and first grade - up to 40-50%)

The flesh of ripe fruits is juicy, at first quite dense and crunchy, and later becomes slightly loose, yellowish in color, sweet and sour with a spicy aftertaste. The ratio of sugar and acid (sugar acid index) is 16.5 (24.5). At the stage of technical ripeness, there is a noticeable predominance of acid, but 1-2 weeks after picking, the taste becomes more balanced. According to biochemical studies of VNIISPK, the fruit contains:

The fruits are for table use, most often consumed fresh, but are also suitable for drying and making juice. The harvested crop tolerates transportation well and is stored for up to 2-3 months.

Features of cultivation in different regions

Southern regions

In regions with a warm climate, the Borovinka apple tree will grow and bear fruit well. There are no special requirements in terms of care, but you need to water the tree in a timely manner and add nutrients . It does not need to be covered for the winter, as the variety tolerates minor frosts well.

Middle lane

Initially, the variety was grown in the stanza form, but as a result of acclimatization, they came to the standard form of development.

In central Russia, Borovinka red is most often cultivated, which has greater winter hardiness.

Siberia

This region is known for its cold and frosty weather. When cultivating Borovinka, it is necessary to use the stylata form of cultivation . Otherwise, you will have to take care of shelter for the winter.

Place of birth and distribution

The Borovinka variety is characterized by a very extensive distribution area.

In Russia, its mass cultivation is observed in many central regions, in the Krasnodar Territory, in the Caucasus and in the Stavropol Territory.

The uniqueness of apple trees is that the variety is completely unpretentious and grows and bears fruit safely in any corner of Russia under different climatic conditions.

Now, having talked about the tree and the fruit itself, it’s time to talk about how many apples we can get from Borovinka.

Trimming

In the year of planting, you can limit yourself to trimming the tops of the shoots. Weak plants should not be pruned. When the crown structure has developed, a free-growing apple tree requires almost no pruning. Routine care depends on how the previous gardening season turned out and how the tree developed. If the previous season was rainy, more thorough pruning will be required. Young fruit-bearing trees need minimal pruning. At this time, thinning is carried out, removing unproductive semi-skeletal branches, as well as overlapping, hanging and intertwined branches.

To keep your tree healthy and in good shape, remove dead, damaged or diseased branches. Be sure to examine the crown before winter or early spring, during the dormant period, when it is necessary to remove branches that thicken the crown or are poorly oriented. Cut them off at the junction with the trunk or larger branch. Avoid what hairdressers call the “short temples and back of the head” approach. It will provoke abundant growth of green mass to the detriment of the ringlets that bear fruit. Long and thin, spindle-shaped shoots originating on the trunk and roots (tops) must be removed at the very base.

Apple trees are characterized by two types of fruiting: on short overgrowing branches (rings) and on long terminal branches (fruit twigs). Pruning should take this feature into account.

How to grow an apple tree in the garden

You need to choose the right place, select a seedling and plant a tree. Otherwise, the planting process is no different from other fruit crops.

Seedling preparation

It is advisable to purchase 2-year-old planting material. Buy it in advance, preferably in the fall. Since many people plan to plant in the spring, the plant must be properly preserved. It is buried in the garden or lowered into the basement. The roots are first dipped in a mixture of mullein and clay.

Before planting, place them in a solution for several hours to stimulate root growth.

Required soil

The Borovinka apple tree grows on any soil, but feels better on black soil, loam or sandy loam soil. Before digging, humus and mineral fertilizers are added.

Planting dates and scheme

Before sap flow begins, planting material must be planted in the ground. The distance between trees is 5-6 m, between rows 7 m. The pit is prepared large, dimensions 70-80 cm deep, 100 cm in diameter. Fill with a mixture of earth, peat and river sand. Then a mound is formed, a seedling is placed on it, sprinkled with earth up to the root collar.