Lesson notes for the senior group "Autumn's Gift"

Before making a choice in favor of one or another variety of apple tree, it is important to determine your expectations.

What should be the quality and quantity of the harvest, taste characteristics. Purpose, what care the plant will require.

Of course, we all want to get everything at once. In this case, you should pay attention to a variety with a self-explanatory name - apple tree Gift to Gardeners.

Its fruits are universal in use, have an amazing aroma and excellent taste; the agricultural technology for cultivating it is quite standard and accessible even to novice gardeners.

You will see what you need to know about the variety first, photos and descriptions of the variety in this article.

Varieties of columnar apple trees

The following varieties of columnar apple trees are best suited for planting in the Moscow region:

• Vasyugan columnar;
• Currency;
• Moscow necklace;
• Malyukha.

Each has its own advantages over the others. And they all take root well on the soil within the Moscow region, since this climate is optimal for them.

Vasyugan columnar

The columnar Vasyugan apple tree is excellent for planting in cold regions

It can easily withstand temperatures down to -42 C in winter - which is very important, since sometimes frosts in the Moscow region are quite severe. At the same time, the tree produces fairly large bright red fruits, the weight of which can reach 200 grams. The tree has an impressively sized crown, on which there is a large number of ringlets - it is on them that fruiting occurs. A one-time harvest is about 6 kilograms

The creation of any special favorable conditions can significantly increase this indicator

The tree has an impressively sized crown, on which there is a large number of ringlets - it is on them that fruiting occurs. A one-time harvest is about 6 kilograms. The creation of any special favorable conditions can significantly increase this indicator.

The duration of the period of effective fruiting is 15 years. This is why it is necessary to renew the garden every 10 years - so that you always have a few years left in stock.

Apple Currency

The Currency apple tree is also a columnar apple tree with a fairly high resistance to frost - even very strong. The trees themselves are represented by a compact, columnar shape

The fruits can be either large or medium in size - it all depends on the ripening conditions, which occurs closer to winter. An important feature of the fruits of the presented variety is that they are stored for quite a long time - 3-4 months if the conditions are met.

The greatest advantage of the variety of this type is its amazing resistance to scab and other similar diseases, which eliminates the need to chemically treat the garden. At the same time, Currency is extremely demanding on the availability of special ground dressings. In their absence, the likelihood of fruiting is extremely low. If there is insufficient fertilization, flowering may not occur at all. It is necessary to use specialized formulations as fertilizing. which are based on mineral and nitrogen fertilizers.

It is advisable to plant seedlings of apple trees of the Valyuta variety in a well-lit, open area. You should not plant in shaded areas of the garden, in which case the likelihood of fruiting will be minimal.

Variety Moscow Necklace

The Moscow Necklace apple tree was bred through selection by M.V. Kachalkin. The original name of this variety is X2. Sometimes many gardeners still call the Moscow Necklace that way. The tree itself has a fairly small height - no more than 2 meters and, according to the classification, is considered dwarf. The root system of the tree is extremely unpretentious and resilient, seedlings take root very quickly. The Moscow necklace is extremely resistant to a wide variety of diseases.

Aeration and drainage are required. Excellent results in terms of the number of fruits are obtained by trees planted on loamy and sandy loam soils. Immediately after planting, trees must be tied up to avoid injury to the trunk. The apple harvest ripens relatively late - in mid-September and tastes similar to Melba apples. The shelf life of the harvested crop is quite long. If the storage conditions are met, the fruits can lie and not spoil for 3-4 months or even more.

Apple tree Malyukha

A distinctive feature of the Malyukha apple tree is the dessert taste of the fruit - they have excellent taste. That is why this variety is sometimes called dessert. The egg-yellow color and unusual juiciness of the fruits, which are also quite large in size - 150-250 grams, indicate excellent taste.

Despite the fact that Malyukha bears fruit well when planted in the Moscow region, it should be remembered that it does not have very high frost resistance, which requires additional labor from the gardener - it is good to protect it from the cold with rags and other items. The variety is demanding on the soil - it must be well ventilated and moistened. You should avoid planting this type of apple tree in places where strong winds blow, which will negatively affect the amount of harvest. Also, the apple tree must be constantly shaped, otherwise it will lose its columnar shape, grow, and the fruits will become small.

Description of the variety Gift of Autumn

Apples are attractive in appearance, tasty and aromatic. They lend themselves well to transportation even over long distances, and are stored well, as for a summer-ripening variety. The hybrid is recommended for intensive commercial gardens and for individual cultivation on personal plots.

Apples: what they look like

The skin is dense, but thin, not hard, shiny, smooth, and has a pleasant light green-yellow hue. When ripe, it can become golden yellow or whitish yellow, very rarely liquid, translucent. The surface blush is almost completely absent, but on the sunny side it may appear as light, translucent orange-carmine, barely visible spots. Subcutaneous dots are gray, small, barely noticeable. Experts recommend familiarizing yourself with the chemical composition:

• P-active substances (catechins) – 342 milligrams.
• Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) – 16.4 milligrams.
• Fructose (total sugars) – 12.7%.
• Pectins – 11.2%.
• Titratable acids – 0.78%.

The pulp is dense, crispy, fragile, fine-grained and very juicy. It has a white-yellow, yellow or lemon tint, sometimes yellowish-cream. The aroma is strong, the taste is called balanced, harmonious, sweet and sour, with a bias towards sweetness, but with a distinct pleasant sourness. The unofficial tasting score is 4.5 out of 5.

Apple tree Gift of autumn: characteristics

Crown and root system

The tree is of medium height, barely reaching 4 -4.5 meters.
The crown at a young age is round, sometimes round-oval, neat, but over the years it can become slightly weeping, spreading, and drooping. The branches are thin, bent and geniculate, slightly knotted, extend from the trunk mainly at an angle close to a straight line, and are covered with bark of a light, greenish-brown or greenish-brown hue. Fruits on fruit growths and spears. The leaves are medium-sized or large, oval-elongated, can be lanceolate, short-pointed, emerald or dark green in color, the edges are serrated, crenate, finely serrated. They are dense, leathery, slightly shiny on the reverse side and may have light felt pubescence. The root system is fibrous, highly branched, of medium depth, and is relatively adapted to searching for moisture in the soil.

Productivity and pollination

The gift of autumn is capable of producing large harvests with the small size of the tree itself, for which gardeners highly appreciate it.

The variety is partially self-pollinated, but to significantly increase fertility it will require third-party pollinators. Within 40-80 meters, varieties of apple trees are planted that coincide in flowering time. To ensure maximum effect, when the buds open, the trees are sprayed with honey or sugar syrup, and the hives are taken out to the garden.

Winter hardiness and disease resistance

An apple tree must withstand low temperatures by default, since winter hardiness was a priority indicator when breeding it. As a result, the trees tolerate frosts down to -38-42° quite well, without even needing any special tricks or dense shelters. If there are frosts for more than 21-30 days in a row, it is still better to take care of quality preparation for wintering.

To insect pests, the Gift of Autumn has a high level of resistance; gardeners say that the apple tree does not attract them, and this is a huge plus. The tree has strong genetic immunity to scab, and is resistant to other diseases. Despite this, it is necessary to regularly treat the trunks with insecticides and fungicides for prevention.

It is known that Podarok can be grown on different rootstocks, from dwarf to tall. But there are no subspecies of the variety yet; perhaps they will appear in the future. There are no columnar or creeping options.

Apple tree Autumn striped: features of the variety

Like any other variety, the subspecies in question has its own advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of this subspecies include:

• - Abundant harvest.
• — Excellent taste characteristics of the fruits, as well as their aroma.
• — Ability for long-term transportability of fruits.
• - Long period of plant life, fruiting for several decades.
• — A good indicator of endurance to frost, as well as the ability to recover itself after freezing.
• — A good level of immunity to diseases (including the most common - scab), as well as resistance to pest attacks.
• — Favorable to watering and fertilizing.

The disadvantages of this subspecies include:

• — Economic fruiting begins quite late, as well as a slow increase in annual yield.
• - The tree is large in size, which makes caring for it difficult and requires much more effort, and for such a tree you should have a lot of free space.
• — The frequency of harvesting of trees is quite mature.
• — Short shelf life of fruits after harvesting.
• — The quality of fruits depends on climatic conditions.
• — This apple tree does not tolerate dry periods well.

As already noted, the tree of this variety is tall and quite powerful. At maturity, this apple tree can reach 10 meters in height. The crown is also wide and has a spreading shape, growing up to 9-10 meters in width.

This subspecies begins its first fruiting most often 6-8 years after planting, but in some cases the fruits begin to form after 4-5 years. After which the yield increases at a rather slow pace: from a tree 10 years old, a harvest of up to 10 kilograms is harvested on average, more significant economic harvests are obtained only in the 14-15th year of the plant’s life, and this is 90-100 kilograms. Well, an apple tree that is more than 25 years old can produce a harvest of up to 300 kilograms.

It is worth mentioning one interesting fact: in the thirties of the 20th century, a record yield of this variety was recorded - almost 430 kilograms.

This subspecies of apple tree is not self-fertile, so to obtain a harvest, pollinating varieties should be planted nearby.

Apples of this variety grow very beautiful, large in size and with a bright, interesting color. The inside of the fruit is pale yellow in color, and under the skin itself it is pinkish. This pulp has a coarse-grained, juicy and loose structure, and is endowed with a spicy, piquant odor. These fruits taste sweet, with a slight sourness, and have a wine or raspberry flavor.

It was noticed that the fruits of this variety grown in more northern latitudes have the most sour taste, while in the southern ones they are almost freshly sweet. During the tasting, professional experts identified the fruits of this subspecies as the best among other autumn apple varieties, and they received a score of 4.5 points out of a possible five.

This tree is endowed with a fairly high level of frost resistance, so this subspecies is quite actively grown in the northern regions of our country. A distinctive feature of the subspecies is its preservation of fruiting, even after a critically cold winter period. Even if freezing of shoots or wood occurs (this happens in plants at a young age), the tree can quite successfully recover on its own in one or two spring-summer seasons.

The tree of this subspecies of apple tree has good immunity to common diseases. In rainy and cold seasons, there may be a slight infection with a disease such as scab.

Care

Trimming

The most important part of caring for fruit trees is pruning. It is carried out twice a year , in the fall it is of a sanitary nature - damaged and weak shoots are removed before wintering.

In the spring, pruning is carried out with the aim of forming the crown and removing shoots that will not bear a harvest, but by their existence are capable of drawing on the vital forces of the apple tree.

Such shoots include crowns growing inwards, old branches that no longer bear fruit, sick and weak ones.

Watch the video on how spring pruning is carried out:

And a detailed video tutorial about autumn pruning:

Watering and fertilizing

Watering is carried out from spring to the end of autumn, it should begin during the budding period and depending on weather conditions, on average every two weeks for an adult tree . For young seedlings - as the top layer of the trunk circle dries.

The apple tree must be watered.

In the spring , apple trees are fed with ammonium nitrate , and during the period from the beginning of budding to the fruiting, it will be useful to apply phosphorus nutrient mixtures at the root.

In autumn it is necessary to apply organic fertilizers and phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizers . This will increase the tree’s frost resistance and successfully survive the winter.

Important! Feeding green mass with microelements gives good results. This has a positive effect not only on the quality of the crop, but also on the immunity of the plant as a whole.

Pollinator varieties

The apple tree, a gift from gardeners does not require mandatory cross-pollination ; it is capable of producing a harvest without planting a pollinator, that is, it is sapoplastic.

This can be considered an undeniable advantage, especially for private gardening, when there is no space in the garden to place another apple tree.

Apple tree varieties susceptible and resistant to scab and powdery mildew: photo and description

Each amateur garden usually has several varieties of apple trees planted.

Pay attention to the characteristics of each variety, its susceptibility to certain diseases. You need to know this to protect your plants from scab and powdery mildew

Three varieties of apple trees cultivated in central Russia are resistant (immune) to scab.

Liberty is a large, wide-conical, dark red fruit. The pulp is dense, white, juicy, sweet, good taste. Ripens in early October. The fruits of this scab-resistant apple tree variety are stored until April.

Florina is a medium or large fruit, round. The pulp is white, dense, sweet, excellent taste. Ripens at the end of September, stored until February. The color is yellowish-green, with a pinkish-red continuous blush, with noticeable streaks and a waxy coating.

Prima - the fruit is medium-sized, rounded-flat, the main color is yellow; cover - from intense red to dark red.

As you can see in the photo, this variety of apple trees, resistant to scab, has creamy, dense flesh:

The apples taste juicy, sweet and sour, with a pleasant aroma. Ripens in early or mid-September and is stored until January. Resistant to scab and powdery mildew.

Susceptibility of apple tree varieties to scab:

Susceptibility of apple tree varieties to powdery mildew:

Possible difficulties during cultivation

The Lungwort variety is characterized by good immunity and is rarely affected by diseases and pests, but with improper care the risk of a problem increases. In addition, since the development of this variety, new varieties of scab have appeared that can infect trees under certain conditions. The main types of diseases and pests that can threaten the Lungwort apple tree are listed below:

1. Common scab. This fungal disease affects leaves and fruits. They become covered with brown spots, which gradually increase in size and affect all parts of the tree. The leaves begin to dry out and fall off, and the apples rot. To get rid of scab, all infected areas are removed, and the apple tree is irrigated with antifungal drugs (for example, Topaz).
2. Fruit rot. The disease affects inflorescences unnoticed and appears only after the flowering process is completed. Small brown spots form on the ovaries and fruits, which over time spread to the entire fruit and cause it to rot. Spoiled fruits must be removed from the tree, as they contain fungal colonies and contribute to the further spread of infection. The crown of a diseased apple tree is sprayed with a solution of colloidal sulfur.
3. Powdery mildew. The source of infection is a fungus that affects the leaves and shoots of the tree. As a result of this, they become covered with a powdery white coating, dry out and die, and the inflorescences and fruit ovaries crumble. To get rid of the source of infection, you need to cut and burn all the affected leaves, and treat the crown of the apple tree with special preparations (for example, “Skorom”).
4. Medyanitsa (leaf). In the spring, larvae hatch from eggs laid on tree branches and suck the juice from the leaves, petioles and buds. A sticky white coating is clearly visible on the affected areas, and leaves and inflorescences begin to fall off en masse. To treat an apple tree, you need to remove all affected areas from it and treat it with insecticides.
5. Shield. The larvae of this pest appear on the apple tree after it blooms and stick to the surface of the branches and shoots. They drink sap from the tree bark and lead to the gradual death of shoots along with leaves and fruits. To get rid of scale insects, the crown of the apple tree is generously irrigated with insecticides.

To prevent these problems, it is recommended to implement the following preventive measures:

• regularly inspect trees for early detection of signs of disease and pest damage;
• spray the apple tree with an aqueous solution of copper sulfate in early spring before buds open (you will need 100 g of product per bucket of water);
• before flowering, add a 10% nitrate solution to the soil around the trunk, and irrigate the tree crown with 3% Bordeaux mixture;
• whitewash the trunk in the fall after harvesting the fruits and in the early spring before the buds open;
• dig up soil in the tree trunk circle in spring and autumn to destroy pest larvae;
• remove fallen leaves and rotten fruits from the surface of the soil around the tree;
• pruning in a timely manner to improve air circulation inside the tree crown.

Universal apple tree variety Uslada for different regions

We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the peculiarities of growing apple tree varieties: Lobo, Red Delicious, Zhigulevskoe.

When to pick autumn apples

One of the main features for a gardener is to understand his garden, namely: the names and characteristics of each variety of fruit trees and harvest time. Beginning and inexperienced farmers who do not fully understand all the intricacies of gardening will definitely need help in determining the ripening of the fruit.

Upon closer acquaintance with the description of most autumn varieties, you can see that the main part has good stability and shelf life, and only a small part is subject to urgent processing.

One of the first signs of apple ripening is the fruit falling to the ground. To ensure accuracy of observation, an experienced gardener will wait for the fallen fruits and begin harvesting. So that you are completely confident in your decision, you can use our description of autumn varieties and the following recommendations:

Carefully read our description about the autumn varieties of apple trees that you grow in your garden and this knowledge can help you accurately determine the ripening of your crop. All photos and useful materials that you can see on our list are collected from encyclopedias and stored on our resource.

Peculiarities

The Lungwort apple tree is in great demand over vast territories from Siberia to the southernmost regions. The description of the variety presents a lot of advantages of the classic breeding variety. Photos and reviews prove the popularity of apple trees not only in private plantings, but also in large intensive gardens.

Advantages of the Medunitsa variety:

• unique sweet taste of apples;
• frost resistance, rare for scorpion crops;
• growing in different conditions on different rootstocks;
• possibility of cultivation in regions with harsh winters or short summers.

Beginner gardeners are attracted to the culture by its adaptability, ability to survive natural anomalies (both drought and high humidity), as well as rapid recovery from any damage or mistakes in care. The Medunitsa variety has its drawbacks, including the need for crown formation and annual pruning. But in just a few seasons of practice, the basic techniques are mastered and the disadvantage of the variety turns into an advantage due to an increase in yield, as well as the quality of the fruit.

Other problems associated with growing Lungwort:

• there is no consistent ripening of apples;
• during storage the unique aroma of the pulp is lost;
• It is necessary to normalize the yield of adult plants.

It has been noticed that any of the disadvantages of the variety, named by some gardeners, may be an advantage for others. This extended fruiting period allows you to enjoy the dessert taste of fresh apples for a long time without the need for storage or canning. Rationing the ovaries ensures the stability of yields and allows you not to deplete the plants.

The Lungwort apple tree is one of the most favorite summer varieties for most gardeners. The description of the variety, compiled unofficially, is confirmed by decades of practice, as well as photos and reviews from all over the country, as well as from neighboring countries. The apple tree, which was not included in the State Register, became a people's favorite and has not lost its position for almost a hundred years.

Requirements for apple tree varieties

According to the timing of ripening, apple trees are divided into winter, autumn and summer varieties. Regardless of the ripening time, they all must meet certain requirements.

• Be frost-resistant.
• Give high yields.
• Resist pests and major diseases.
• Have tasty fruits.
• The storage period for winter apples should be 7-8 months, autumn apples - more than 2 months, summer apples - at least 1 month.

The classification of apple trees by ripening time is conditional. In hot years, fruits ripen earlier than in cold years, and stronger trees can bear fruit 7-15 days earlier than weakened plants.

Apple tree varieties suitable for pollination

It has long been known that the apple tree is not a self-fertile plant and needs additional pollination. Therefore, when choosing one or another variety of apple tree to place in the garden and expecting to always get a good harvest from it, you should think in advance and plant another variety of apple tree nearby, which will be a pollinator for your main variety. Experienced gardeners have long known the varieties of apple trees suitable for pollination; you will learn about the most popular of them from the table below.

Table “The best pollinating varieties of apple trees”:

The following sections of the article provide characteristics of the best varieties of apple trees grown in central Russia.

Fragrant

An apple tree of this variety was planted only the year before last as a one and a half year old seedling, and the next year after planting three apples had already ripened on it. I know that the first flowers must be plucked, I know that the tree must first grow and then bear fruit. But my mother is 86 years old, she planted it herself, looked after it herself, and she so wanted to see and try the first apples. The fruits are large, and there will be very large ones, up to 250 g, greenish-yellow with a striped blush. This variety has whitish yellowish flesh and is surprisingly aromatic; the apple tree lives up to its name. And the Aromatnoye variety was bred at the All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture named after. I. V. Michurina.

In fact, an apple tree of this variety should have bloomed in its fifth or sixth year. But we bought it in a container and planted it a year later - this was probably the reason for the flowering the next year after planting. In the future, we will definitely talk about ways to speed up fruiting. But I believe that the apple tree should still be allowed to grow for three to four years, and then the harvest should be harvested. Therefore, it is recommended to pick off flowers in the first years of apple tree growth, even if they appear.

Green varieties of apple trees

Green apples are loved for their characteristic sourness. They are usually firmer, have a nice crunch and store well.

Padding

The most popular green variety in Russia with high yield and winter hardiness. It has a thin skin and juicy, tender pulp, which is good for jams or marshmallows.

Antonovka

Fragrant green apples ripen in early fall and can be used immediately. As they are stored, they gradually turn yellow and become sweeter.

Granny Smith

Large green apples with a sour taste were originally bred in Australia. The juiciness of fruits is directly affected by the quality and intensity of watering in summer.

Koshtelya

The old Polish variety is not the most convenient to care for - it bears fruit every second year and only after 10 years. But its fruits are valued for their juiciness, dense sweet pulp and fantastic resistance to storage and transportation.

White sun

Small green apples are good for canning and preparing. The fruits have a regular round shape and easily fit into the jars whole.

The most delicious and sweet

There are the best varieties, which are especially valued for their sweet taste, excellent taste and commercial qualities. These include several varieties that have received recognition from most gardeners.

Belarusian sweet

This is a fast-growing winter variety, bred by breeders of the Institute of Fruit Growing of the Republic of Belarus about 20 years ago. The variety was included in the State Register of Russia in 2005.

The tree is medium-sized, grows quickly, reaching a height of three meters by 8-9 years. It has a predominant round or round-conical crown. The fruits are large, weighing about 160-180 g. The shape of the apples is round, sometimes asymmetrical. The peel is smooth, dense, green-yellow in color. When they reach full maturity, the apples turn yellow. The light flesh is coarse-grained, semi-oily, tender, sweet and juicy. The aroma is light.

The fruits are removed from the tree in September-October. Full ripening occurs two months after harvest. The fruits are stored well until February.

Spartacus

The apple tree variety was bred at the Samara Experimental Station in the mid-20th century by breeder S.P. Kedrin. At that time, the breeder was actively involved in crossing different types of apple trees. This is how he managed to develop this unique variety.

The plant is medium-sized, the bark is brown. The shoots are smooth, straight, brown-red in color. The tree does not exceed 6 meters in height. It has a wide, dense crown of a rounded pyramidal shape. The leaves are medium-sized, oval-oblong, green in color. The fruits are medium in size, weighing from 90 to 130 g, sometimes reaching 300 g. The shape is round. The peel is dense, shiny, yellow with stripes of a bright red hue. The pulp is fine-grained and tender. The taste is sweet and sour.

The fruits reach technical maturity in the first half of September. The tree begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting. Some plants begin to bloom in the second year. The advantages of the variety include high consumer and commercial properties.

Nectar

This is a columnar variety that appeared in 1987 at the Moscow Institute of Horticulture. Breeding was carried out by breeders N.G. Morozova and V.V. Kinchin. During selection, seeds of the donor (gene) KV 103 were used. The apple tree received its official name in 1993.

The height of the tree does not exceed 2-2.2 m. The tree is columnar in shape, the crown is compact. The leaves are large, elongated, green in color. The fruits are round, medium and large in size. One fruit weighs from 100 to 250 g. The peel is dense, white-yellow in color. The pulp is juicy, coarse-grained, white, sweet. The taste is honey.

From a five-year-old plant you can get about 9 kg of fruit. With age, productivity decreases significantly. The plant can bear fruit for up to 15 years, and can grow up to 50 years. The advantages include the compactness of the plant. Disadvantages include a short shelf life - no more than 1 month.

Korobovka

Korobovka is an old early summer variety of folk selection. S.I. Isaev was involved in its breeding. The variety was first scientifically described in 1855. There is an assumption that the apple tree got its name due to the fact that the fruits were sold not by weight or individually, but in boxes, like berries.

The plant is medium-sized, resistant to cold. The crown is shaped like a broom. The shoots are dark brown in color. The leaves are slightly curved, rounded-elliptical in shape, dark green in color. The fruits are small, their weight does not exceed 40 g. The advantage is a pronounced aroma. The apples are flat-round, their peel is greenish-yellow with cherry-red stripes. The pulp is light, juicy, sweet.

The variety begins to bear fruit 5-7 years after planting. The harvest takes 10, sometimes 15 years. Full ripening of apples occurs at the end of July-beginning of August. One adult plant produces up to 70 kg of fruit.

Lungwort

The cultivation of this summer variety began back in the 30s of the 20th century. Selection work was carried out by a famous biologist - Isaev S.I. Lungwort was obtained by crossing two varieties - Cinnamon Striped and Wesley.

The tree is tall, reaches a height of 4-5 meters, the crown is wide and powerful. The leaves are oval, long, dark green. The fruits are medium in size, weighing from 100 to 150 g. The peel is yellow-green with a red blush. The apples are round in shape, slightly flattened. The pulp is light cream, dense, juicy, sweet.

The plant begins to bear fruit in the third year after planting. The fruits ripen at the end of August. The average yield per tree is about 180 kg. The advantages of the Medunitsa variety include increased resistance to frost and scab.

Description of the variety

The apple tree is recommended by its creators for planting in personal plots. It grows too tall for industrial gardens and requires regular thinning of the crown.

Appearance

The tree grows up to 7 meters or more and has a well-developed extensive root system. The shoots are light brown with a green tint and extend from the stem almost at a right angle.

The crown is initially oval, but over the years it acquires a pyramidal shape. Slight density of the crown can be removed by regular pruning. You can also adjust the height of the tree for convenient harvesting. Typically, gardeners limit growth by trimming the top, creating a cup-shaped crown.

Foliage

The medium-sized leaves are dense, oval-elongated, leathery, glossy on the outside, pubescent on the inside. Color from green to light green with a yellowish tint. The edge of the leaf is serrated and the end is pointed.

Fetus

The apples are round in shape, slightly flattened with slight ribbing. The greenish-yellow color with red stripes and specks at maturity gives way to a bright red blush covering almost the entire surface.

The sweet, honey-tinged taste of the fruit has attracted the attention of gardeners for many decades, so despite the variety of apple tree varieties, Medunitsa remains one of the most popular varieties

Characteristic

The tree reaches the age of 50 – 60 years. At first, fruiting is continuous; starting from the age of 12, periods of rest appear. Anti-aging pruning can help.

Fruiting

A Medunitsa apple tree seedling can begin to bear fruit at 4–5 years of age, but it is better to cut off the first flower so that the plant can fully form. The summer variety shows the technical maturity of the fruits already in the first half of August.

The fruits, when fully ripe, have a honey-sweet taste with a slightly acidic aftertaste and a creamy-yellowish color of the pulp. The honey flavor is lost after several weeks of storage.

According to experts, apples were given 4.5 points on a five-point system. The mid-winter variety can be harvested in mid-September. The final ripening period occurs at the end of October. Lungwort is characterized as a medium-yielding variety.

Winter apple trees of Ukraine and southern Russia

The climate in the west of Ukraine is temperate continental, and to the east it changes to continental with hot summers, colder winters and less rainfall. This means that Ukrainian apple trees should not be afraid of heat and drought. In some areas, winter hardiness is also important. These same criteria are valuable when choosing a winter variety for the south of Russia.

Golden pepinka

The variety is sold grafted, with semi-dwarf rootstocks. The seedlings take root easily and grow quickly. The height of the fruiting tree is a maximum of 3.5 m. The first apples appear already in 2–3 years. They weigh 140–180 g, bright and beautiful: round, smooth, and when ripe they become lemon yellow. A soft pink blush appears on the sunny side.

Golden Pepinka apples, almost identical in shape and size, look very impressive

The taste of apples is juicy and sweet with sourness. In regions with fewer sunny days than in Ukraine, the fruits will be sour. Golden Pepinka is harvested at the end of September and stored until January. The trees are winter-hardy, and their leaves and fruits are not susceptible to fungal diseases.

Renet Simirenko

The variety is famous for its large green apples - 140–150 g, maximum weight - 200 g. During the harvesting period, the fruits are bright green, ripening, and acquire a yellow tint. The blush is faint - a small blurry spot of brick color. Many people like the taste; it is wine-sweet with hints of spice. The keeping quality is impressive: the Simirenko variety of apples is stored until June.

Reneta Simirenko's apples are green but sweet, the weight of large fruits reaches 200 g

But caring for a tree is not easy. The crown is dense, disease resistance is average. It is necessary to carry out thorough thinning and treat with fungicides several times a season. Severe frosts can destroy flower buds and entire shoots. But the advantage of the variety is its good restorative ability. New branches grow quickly. Productivity is high, however, it appears periodically. In lean years there are fewer apples, and this has its own advantage: the fruits grow larger than usual.

Spartan

Another variety with sweet apples for southerners, bred in Canada. The fruits are medium-sized, 90–120 g; in low-yield years, with good watering, they can reach 250 g. The surface is pale yellow, becomes purple over time, and is covered with a waxy coating. Ripe apples look purple. The skin is thick, but its taste is in harmony with the juicy pulp. It bites off with a chip, there is an apple aroma, and sometimes you can feel the sourness. The Spartan harvest is stored until spring.

In Spartan, the branches are fanned out in one plane, the fruits are crimson with a bluish coating

The tree grows small and has a crown that is interesting for professionals and amateurs. It is sparse, the shoots extend from the trunk at an angle that is suitable for formation like a palmette. In this case, the branches are placed in one plane in the form of a feather or fan. All fruits are evenly illuminated by the sun and covered with a beautiful blush. Spartan freezes slightly in cold winters, and in damp summers it can develop scab. It bears fruit from the fifth year of life on your site.

Growing in different regions

Moscow region

The variety is zoned for the Moscow region ; cultivation in this region is definitely possible and quite successful . However, in hot summers it is necessary to strengthen control over soil moisture.

Siberia and the Urals

A variety of Siberian selection, originally created for harsh regions as a variety that can easily withstand heavy wintering and sudden temperature changes , so cultivation in these regions is not only possible, it is categorically recommended.

Altai region

For Altai, a subspecies of the Gardener's Gift was zoned, ideal for growing in this region , so Altai gardeners can breathe easy and run to the nursery for seedlings - there are also no special recommendations for caring for the Gardener's Gift apple tree in Altai. Everything is within the framework of classical agricultural technology.

Riga Dove

Medium ripening variety, bred in Estonia. Once upon a time, a long time ago, back in the sixties of the last century, we had a garden plot in Kupchino. I still remember the conical-shaped yellow apples with a barely noticeable blush from this tree. They ripened in mid-September and were stored in our pantry until January. Over time, the middle became transparent and honey-like. The apple tree bears fruit every year. I wanted to grow the same tree in Babino. Two years ago I finally found this variety and planted it. My apple tree has not yet produced fruit, but it has survived two winters without freezing. The variety is considered moderately winter-hardy for our region.

Renet Kichunova

This year, the first three fruits were produced by an apple tree of this variety, planted here three years ago. The apples are large, yellow-green, they were picked at the beginning of October. The seeds were already black, which means the apples were ripe. True, they still tasted sour, so we had to let them sit. The disadvantages of this variety include not very high winter hardiness for the northern regions of the Non-Black Earth Region. Our tree survived these two winters perfectly, there is no sunburn or freezing, the growth is strong, the shoots are powerful. I still have interest in new varieties, but there is no more room to plant them. We'll have to do vaccinations.

Reviews

People involved in breeding these apple trees share their impressions and recommendations.

Valentina, Orenburg region: “We learned about the Gift of Autumn from friends. We found a nursery where we bought a one-year-old seedling and immediately planted it on our site. The apple tree is now in its fifth year; last year I managed to try an apple signal from it. We are expecting more apples this year. By the way, the apple tasted wonderful. So everyone is impatient..."

Igor, Nizhny Novgorod region: “I have been gardening for many years. I grow not only proven varieties, but also experiment with new ones. The Podarok apple tree is still young and has not bear fruit. But I can say that so far it copes with our winters perfectly. In addition, I have never noticed anything resembling scab on the leaves, although minor problems have arisen with other apple trees. In a year or two it will begin to bear fruit, then it will be possible to give the variety a more objective assessment.”

The latest varieties of winter apple trees

No matter how good the classic and popular varieties of winter-hardy apple trees are, summer residents and gardeners are looking for new items. Selection work does not stop. The result of the work of agricultural enterprises and private gardeners are new products that are quickly gaining popularity and are being successfully grown. These are the newest varieties of winter apple trees:

• Independence (Independence). It has a high degree of frost resistance, while the fruits do not lose their presentation until the end of the regulatory shelf life. This variety was bred by Ukrainian breeders and belongs to the group of early winter species with high yields (over 1 quintal per tree). The fruits themselves weigh, on average, up to 230 grams. weight. They have a pronounced sweet and sour dessert taste and a mild aroma. The main color is creamy red with spots on the skin.
• Ambrosia. This is a Canadian selection. They have an indescribable sweet taste and an attractive round shape with a glossy surface. An excellent winter apple variety for the northwest. The fruits reach over 250 grams. weight. The main color is creamy-scarlet.
• Revena. A new winter-hardy variety of German selection. The red-brown or dark red fruits have a regular conical shape with an elongated pole. They can be classified as the sweetest varieties of all the new products. The average fruit weight is 160-220 g. Productivity – up to 120 kg. from one tree.
• Era. An unusual novelty from Swiss breeders. The peculiarity of Era is that their flesh is as red as the color of the peel. The surface of the fruit is glossy. Their very attractive appearance allows them to be used for sale. Refers to medium-growing varieties. Era has a pleasant sweet taste and a light honey aroma. The weight of each apple reaches 160 grams. Up to 85 kg are collected from one tree. ripe fruits.

In addition to these new products, there are the following varieties of winter-hardy apple trees: Toshiro Fuji (China), Evelina (Russia), Beni Shogun (USA), Rubinette-Katerina (Ukraine).

If we talk about practical advice on choosing a fruit tree to grow in your garden, then in addition to studying theoretical material, you need to independently evaluate the taste of apples and determine whether they correspond to your preferences.

Varietal tomatoes for long-term storage

Varietal tomatoes for long-term storage belong to the middle and late ripening period. Their main feature is a special gene called Rin, which slows down the metabolism in the tissues of the fetus and inhibits the process of its maturation.

Giraffe

One of the most common long-storing varieties of domestic selection. The harvested crop can be stored until mid-spring. The bushes are tall, can reach 1.7-2 m in height, so they need additional support and stem formation.

The average weight of the fruits of the Giraffe variety is 70-130 g. They can be picked from the bush greenish - they ripen well after harvesting. Tomatoes are distinguished by an orange tint of skin and pulp, for which the variety received its original name.

The fruits of the Giraffe variety have fairly dense and dry pulp with small seeds. Their feature is considered to be excellent shelf life up to 6-7 months and the ability to be transported for a long time.

The only disadvantage of this variety is its rather inexpressive taste, which is significantly inferior to its “brothers”.

Long Keeper

A mid-season and tall variety of tomatoes, intended for cultivation in open soil and greenhouse conditions. Long Keeper is unpretentious in care, high-yielding and does not require obligatory pinching.

The harvest can be harvested after 4-4.5 months. Fruits in a state of technical ripeness are placed in a cellar or basement, where they ripen and are stored until mid-spring. Excellent for long-term transportation. If you leave the fruits on the bush, after reaching technical ripeness they may begin to crumble.

Long Keeper tomatoes have large round or flat-round fruits, the weight of which can reach 180-200 g. The skin is light milky in color; as it ripens, it acquires a creamy pink color. The pulp is dense, elastic, reddish-pink in color.

Long Keeper is one of the varieties of Soviet selection with the longest shelf life. When stored in a state of technical ripeness, they are perfectly preserved until March.

Dey Huanchi

A popular mid-late variety originally from China. Under favorable conditions, 115-120 days pass from the moment of the first shoots to the moment of technical ripeness. The culture is determinant - its height is no more than 40-50 cm, due to which it does not require pinching and shaping.

The weight of the fruit is up to 170-200 g. They have a round shape, with fleshy, dense pulp and orange skin. Tomatoes tolerate long-term transportation well and are not subject to mechanical damage.

Long lasting

Long-lasting tomato is a mid-late variety from Russian breeders. This is a universal crop that can be cultivated both in open ground and in greenhouse conditions. The plant has strong and powerful bushes up to 1.6-1.8 m, which must be pinched and tied to a trellis.

If you follow all the rules of agricultural cultivation, you can get up to 4-5.5 kg of ripe fruits from one bush. The long-lasting tomato is resistant to diseases, fungal infections and pests.

The Long-lasting variety has a medium-sized fruit, most often no more than 130-150 g, flat-round shape, bright yellowish-orange color. Tomatoes have dense and even slightly dry flesh, dense and thick skin. Thanks to these qualities, the variety is excellent for both long-term transportation and storage - it pleases with its pleasant taste and aroma until the end of March.

Gift of Autumn

One of the most productive varieties, allowing gardeners to harvest up to 6-8 kg if formed into two stems. Depending on climatic conditions and the characteristics of agricultural cultivation technology, the average weight of a tomato can reach 200-300 g.

The fruit has a light red-orange shade of pulp, which becomes brighter and more saturated during ripening. Tomatoes are harvested before the first frost and stored until mid-spring.

New Year

A popular productive, tall variety, yielding up to 7-8 kg of ripe fruits from each bush. Tomatoes have an attractive round shape, the average weight is up to 180-200 g. They are late-ripening varieties - from the emergence of shoots to the stage of technical ripeness of the fruit, it usually takes 135-145 days. After harvesting, tomatoes are stored for up to 4-6 months.

New Year's is a representative of indeterminate varieties that require mandatory pinching and tying to additional supports. Experienced gardeners advise forming the plant into one stem.

The New Year's variety is popular among summer residents and gardeners due to its excellent taste, strong immunity to disease and ease of cultivation.

Winter heart

Winter Heart is a determinate late-ripening variety. The bushes reach 75-80 cm in height and need to be tied to supports. It bears good fruit. Moreover, the fruits are large in size, up to 280-300 g.

Winter Heart tomatoes are heart-shaped or round in shape, with yellow-orange or greenish-yellow skin. Their pulp is dense and fleshy, with a pleasant and delicate taste, does not crack and allows the fruits to stay on the bushes for a long time. Average shelf life - up to 7 months.

Rio Grande

A common variety of long-lasting tomatoes, widely used in cooking. Its fruits are consumed fresh and used for preparing snacks, juices, sauces and various preserves.

Rio Grande is characterized by its short growth - the height of the bush usually does not exceed 65-75 cm. The plant adapts perfectly to any type of soil and is easy to care for. Ripe tomatoes have an elongated shape, reminiscent of a plum. They have a light weight, up to 110-13 g, juicy pulp and a bright scarlet peel color.

Black cream

An original new product from breeders. This variety attracts the attention of summer residents and gardeners with its miniature size and unusual brown-chocolate skin color. Black cream has good resistance to sudden temperature changes and diseases.

Black cream fruits can be collected at the stage of technical ripeness until October, placed in a cellar or underground for ripening. Tomatoes have a fairly dense peel, so they do not crack even after long-term storage.

Japanese truffle

Japanese truffle is a representative of indeterminate mid-late varieties, which begins to bear fruit within 117-120 days from the appearance of the first shoots.

The bushes are tall, their height can be 1.6-1.8 m. They require additional garter and formation into two or three stems. The fruits of the Japanese truffle have an unusual pear-shaped shape, their average weight is 130-150 g.

The pulp is dense and elastic, the skin has a glossy sheen. It has several color options - it can be orange, lemon yellow, scarlet and black. Orange and yellow varieties have the greatest shelf life.

Ripening and fruiting Health

Beginning of fruiting

The apple tree is considered early-bearing, but it begins to bear fruit for the first time approximately 5-6 years after planting in open ground. Around the 4th or 5th year, buds can be found, but most often they are barren flowers. Therefore, experienced gardeners advise picking off the inflorescences, preventing them from drawing excess juice from the tree. The first harvests will be small, only 4-7 kilograms of fruit, but this will be enough for testing.

Flowering time

Like most fall apple trees, Zdorovye begins to form buds in mid-April. By the end of the month or the beginning of the next, they bloom into large, beautiful, fragrant flowers, collected in inflorescences of 4-6 pieces. They are white-pink, very delicate in texture, saucer-shaped, the petals are weakly closed, the stigmas are higher than the anthers. Flowering lasts 8-12 days, slightly longer in cold and rainy weather.

Fruiting and growth

Apple trees quickly gain height and crown volume. They gain approximately 25-40 centimeters in one season, so they quickly reach their maximum. They also manage to increase fertility not slowly. Every year there are more and more fruits, and by 10-12 years the harvests are already quite full. Such an apple tree alone can provide the needs of 1-2 people for a whole year.

The fruits ripen in early September; in bad weather, cold and rain, they may linger until the middle or end of the month. Consumer maturity occurs a little later, approximately 14-18 days after they are stored. The fruit cannot sit in the refrigerator or in the cellar for too long. But they are still capable of retaining all their properties and qualities until the very end of winter or even the beginning of spring.

What to do if it doesn’t bloom or bear fruit

• Inspect for diseases or pests.
• Limit or increase watering.
• Feed or fertilize.
• Replant in a sunny place.

Why do apples fall

• Natural weather conditions (wind, rain, hurricane, hail).
• Pest damage.
• Diseases.

Leave a review from your own experience about the Zdorovye apple variety, so that any gardener can learn about it before planting and achieve maximum results.

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Features of growing the Gift of Autumn

Landing

Basic conditions

• The apple tree loves well-lit, open areas, where it grows healthy and bears fruit well. In the shade, trees often get sick and may even die.
• It is advisable to have good ventilation where Gift of Autumn grows. Air stagnation leads to the development of fungi and rot, which negatively affects the general condition of the garden and the yield as a whole.
• The depth of groundwater plays a role only when it is higher than 2.5-2.6 meters. The tree penetrates its roots quite far, but will not reach such a depth.
• The apple tree does not overdo the soil; it grows well in almost any of the conditions, except for excessive acidification and salinity. Sandy loam, black soil, loam, rocky and podzolic soils, all this is suitable for the tree.
• The holes must be prepared in advance, but no later than 2-4 weeks before planting, since the fertilizers in them must stand. They dig holes 70-90 centimeters deep and the same in diameter. Suitable fertilizers (organic matter and minerals) are placed at the bottom and covered with a small layer of soil or, if necessary, drainage. Water with 35-50 liters of water and leave for the prescribed period.
• Between the rows you need to leave a distance of up to 4.5-5 meters, and between trees you can reduce it to 3.5-4. This way the trees will not conflict with their crowns and roots even in adulthood.
• It is advisable to immediately dig stakes into the holes, placing them on the north side, and then tie seedlings to them. They will serve not only as support, but also as protection in the cold.
• When planting, the root collar of all apple trees remains above the surface, and you also need to take into account 2-5 centimeters of soil subsidence, which will need to be added.
• The seedling is placed vertically, the rhizome is straightened, covered with soil, leveled, and compacted. A 7-10 centimeter bank of earth is made around the perimeter, 20-35 liters of water are poured inside, the surface can be mulched to retain moisture.

Disembarkation dates

Apple trees love autumn plantings at the end of September or until mid-October. This way they develop better in the spring, grow stronger, and are resistant to various threats. However, in northern regions with a more severe climate, frosts can damage buds and shoots, and then the tree may even die. Therefore, it is recommended to plant trees there in March-April.

Tree care

Protection from frost and pests

Before the onset of cold weather, from about mid-August, you need to reduce active watering and reduce it to zero by the beginning of September. If you continue to add moisture, the tree may not “understand” when it should stop flowing sap and freeze in the winter. The trunks are wrapped with available materials: agrofibre, burlap, old tights, roofing felt. You can cover young trees with a tent method, and throw spruce branches, straw, hay or well-dried leaves on the roots.

It is necessary to whitewash the trunks with lime to a depth of 1-1.3 meters in spring and autumn to prevent the development of insect colonies in cracks in the bark. Fuel oil, grease or rendered lard, which is thickly smeared on tree trunks in the lower part, will help repel rodent pests.

Loosening the soil, watering: proper agricultural technology

They dig around the trunk twice a year. It is best to do this in early spring and late autumn, trying not to go deeper than 7-8 centimeters. If you penetrate deeper, you can damage the roots running near the surface. In between, during the growing season, you can carefully hoe the soil near the trunk, removing weeds, shoots of various plants, and root shoots.

The Gift of Autumn will not tolerate stagnation of water at the rhizome or excessive soil moisture. Most likely, it will simply rot and die

Therefore, you need to water the trees extremely carefully and carefully, it is good to organize rare sprinkling or moderate drip watering. If this is not possible, water is poured within the crown projection, and not at the trunk

20-30 liters for an adult standard 3-4 times per season, when the weather is hot and dry, will be quite enough. Watering should be timed to coincide with flowering, ovary formation and fruit ripening.

Pruning: simple crown formation

Optimal for the variety, as well as for a large number of other apple trees, is a sparsely tiered form. The tree is not prone to thickening, so maintaining it will not be difficult. The tops (shoots sticking up) and those directed inside the crown are cut off.

During sanitary pruning in the fall, broken, diseased, damaged, and dry branches are removed. They do not bring any benefit, but only prevent the tree from developing normally. From about 12-15 years old, you can cut off 2-3 age-old shoots, thus rejuvenating the apple tree.

Ripening and fruiting of Reliable

Beginning of fruiting

It will not be possible to get fruits for the first time right away; you should not expect this in the first year. The tree begins to bloom buds at about 3-4 years, and then it will be possible to harvest about 5-8 kilograms of fruit, which are really very tasty, beautiful and aromatic. It’s difficult to call such indicators full fruiting, but you can try apples.

Flowering time

Like all summer apple trees, Nadezhnoe usually blooms quite early. Already in April you can see buds on the tree, which bloom in early May; in the coldest springs they can linger until the middle of the month. Flowering continues for approximately 10-15 days, depending on the weather. The flowers themselves are medium in size, mostly white, but may be slightly pinkish. They are cup-shaped, with large delicate petals, collected in inflorescences of 5-8 pieces, highly fragrant.

Fruiting and growth

Reliable very quickly begins to increase fruiting. Already by 5-8 years it can reach 25-30 kilograms, and by 8-10, careful gardeners begin to harvest full-fledged harvests. The tree also grows very quickly, expelling at least 45-60 centimeters in one year. Therefore, it can reach its final height very quickly.

Apples begin to ripen in the second half of August. Many indicate dates of the 15th-22nd, but it is unlikely that this indicator will be completely accurate for all regions. In warm climates, apples can be picked already at the beginning of the meat, but in cold climates the ripening process can drag on until the very end. The keeping quality of apples leaves much to be desired; in the cellar they can last no more than 15-25 days, and in special refrigerators about 45-60 days. By that time, the entire crop should already be completely processed or eaten.

Why do apples fall

• Wind, hail, hurricane, rain.
• Overripe.
• Pest damage.
• Diseases.

Leave your feedback about the Nadezhnoe variety, because many gardeners would like to grow similar ones in their garden.

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Landing

One area where you shouldn’t rush into thoughtless plantings is in the garden. It's sad if several years of waiting don't come true. To avoid getting a pig in a poke, it is better to buy a seedling at a nursery.

Before buying, it doesn’t hurt to get acquainted with the characteristics of different varieties, so that you have something to talk about with the seller. And, of course, it’s worth deciding the main question: when do you want to get the harvest.

The standard condition for planting any seedling is a pre-prepared planting hole with a nutrient composition or humus, and a portion of fertilizer.

Process

For one- and two-year-old seedlings, a hole half a meter wide and long, with the same depth, is suitable. Sizes vary depending on the age of the seedling.

A bucket of humus is poured into a mound, into which a couple of iron nails are added and a hard-boiled egg, which may have been lying around, is crushed. This is what our grandparents did, not knowing at all that they were providing the plant with microelements. Gradually, the metal oxidizes, becoming available to the roots, and the egg supplies the seedling with sulfur.

Planting is carried out in an open place with groundwater not higher than 3 meters. The distance between neighboring crops should be at least 4–5 meters for tall specimens and 3–4 meters for dwarf ones.

Deadlines

Planting the Lungwort apple tree in the fall should be completed a month and a half before the onset of zero temperatures. In spring, you can plant a tree after the soil has thawed and dried out.

If the root system is protected, then the seedling can be planted throughout the summer season.

Autumn varieties of apple trees

Autumn varieties ripen by September, and the apples need to sit for up to 20 days after they were picked. But such fruits are perfectly stored until winter.

Pineapple bergininku

The apples of this variety are very tasty and aromatic, with light pineapple notes. The tree is tall and productive, and harvesting can begin in the first weeks of September.

Dachnoye

The green autumn variety is notable for its greenish flesh. Apples weigh from 100 to 200 g, are very versatile in use and can be stored for up to 2 months.

Delicacy

The productive Polish variety produces fruits by mid-September and can be stored until winter. The apple tree is quite compact, but the fruits are large and beautiful.

Anis Sverdlovsk

Small green apples become pink on the side as they ripen. They are juicy, sweet, with a slight anise flavor, which is why they got their name.