Which garlic is better to plant: winter garlic in autumn or spring spring
The main difference between these two crops is the timing of planting. The spring type is planted in spring, and the winter type in late autumn. The product has virtually no differences in taste. However, winter crops have a longer storage period and are often used in summer cottages.
Planting garlic in winter has the following advantages:
- You can plant a winter crop at any time in the fall, unlike spring planting, when it is necessary to limit yourself to a short period of time;
- the crop is not damaged by frost and in the spring the first shoots appear immediately after the snow melts;
- crops that are planted in winter are larger in size and ripen faster;
- to get a harvest there is no need to spend extra time on care;
- The harvest is greater than when planted in spring.
Planting garlic in the fall
Gardeners also note less damage to winter garlic by pests and diseases. Since the crop goes through a natural hardening process, winter crops do not spoil throughout the winter.
Attention! If all recommendations are followed, the teeth do not rot and quickly germinate in the spring after the soil warms up.
Types of bulbous plants today
We love alium and are modern people. In folk medicine, it is used as a cold remedy, and tinctures containing it are used as an antiseptic in the fight against inflammation and infections.
Modern science knows 26 varieties of garlic.
It is known that alium can be spring or winter. The material planted in the soil in the spring is called “spring”, but the garlic that is brought into the ground at the junction of September and October is called “winter”. It is noteworthy that there are much more autumn plant varieties than spring ones, namely 19 winter varieties and only 7 spring varieties.
Selection of variety and preparation of planting material
In order for the harvest to be large and the quality of the finished product to be high, you should choose the right variety. You can plant the following varieties of winter garlic:
- Lyubasha - the advantage of the variety is the ability to tolerate low temperatures. The variety is distinguished by its productivity. The heads are large, with a small number of teeth.
- Ukrainian white - the variety can be used for planting in both spring and winter. The heads are large, the shell is dense, suitable for long-term storage.
- Spas is a crop characterized by high tolerance to drought. Even in regions with hot climates it produces a large harvest.
- Moskovsky is a mid-season variety that helps produce a large harvest. The heads are dense with a husk that is practically undamaged. Can be used for cultivation in the Urals.
- Jubilee Gribovskoy - is distinguished by its large size and resistance to attack by pests and diseases. Recommended for growing in the middle zone.
- Novosibirsk - this variety is used for planting in the Leningrad region and Kuban. It has a high level of adaptation to low temperatures. Despite its small size, the culture is rarely susceptible to disease. The head has up to 10 teeth, which are flat in shape.
- Parus is a winter-hardy variety that is distinguished by large teeth. The husk is white with a purple tint. Stores well over winter and rarely rots.
- Jubilee 07 - a distinctive feature of the culture is its mild taste. A winter variety that can be stored well throughout the year if all care requirements are observed. The variety is suitable for cultivation in Siberia.
- Messidor has a dense head, large teeth, and a sharp taste.
Choosing the right variety
When choosing a variety, it is necessary to take into account all the characteristics of the region of residence. Any variety of garlic requires preliminary preparation for the planting process.
Why process garlic?
Processing garlic before planting
Garlic is a vegetatively propagated plant. If the parent plant is affected by the disease during development, it will be passed on to the new plant. The most common disease of garlic is bacteriosis. Pathogenic bacteria affect garlic not only during the growing season, but also during storage. Premature harvest, poor drying or improper storage can be the main signs of bacterial rot.
Selecting healthy carnations and properly processing them will help preserve the harvest. Additional disinfestation of the soil used for growing garlic will also be required.
Soil preparation
Preparing the soil before planting
One of the conditions for obtaining a high and high-quality garlic harvest is the correct selection, preparation and disinfection of the site for winter planting.
When choosing a place to grow a crop, you should definitely take into account the principles of crop rotation. This crop should not be planted in the same area for two years in a row. The best predecessors of garlic are tomatoes, cucumbers, pumpkin, and cabbage. The planting site should be well lit and located as high as possible so that moisture does not accumulate on it.
The area intended for growing garlic must be dug up, simultaneously removing all weeds and their roots. When digging, the soil must be fertilized with compost or ash, depending on the pH level of the soil.
It is not recommended to fertilize the area with manure, otherwise all the plant’s forces will be directed to the formation of a stem and not a bulb. The tissues of the bulbs will be loose, which will significantly reduce their quality during storage.
The next step before planting garlic is to disinfect the soil. This can be done in several ways:
- Buy the finished product and use it according to the instructions.
- Treat the soil with Bordeaux mixture by diluting 50 g of the substance in 5 liters of water.
- Prepare a solution by mixing ammonia and baking soda (2 tablespoons each) in 10 liters of water.
- Disinfect the soil with copper sulfate (40 g) dissolved in water (10 l).
- Mix potassium permanganate, boric acid and copper sulfate (10 g each) with water (10 l) and treat the soil.
Although garlic is considered a frost-resistant plant, it would be a good idea to cover the beds with garlic. Fallen leaves, straw, sawdust and peat can be used as covering material. But with the onset of spring, it is necessary to remove the cover so that the carnations do not begin to wither in the ground.
Seed selection
Garlic seeds before planting
The first step in preparing garlic for planting is choosing the seeds. As a first step, make sure that you choose winter garlic for planting and not spring garlic. This can be determined by the following signs:
- The presence of old shoots; Purple skin color.
- Spring varieties planted in the fall may freeze over the winter and not germinate in the spring.
When choosing planting material, several factors must be taken into account:
- Head size. Choose large specimens, otherwise the new harvest will be small.
- Carnation weight. Carnations of the same weight will produce a harvest with more even cloves.
- Integrity of planting material. The leaves should not show signs of disease, rot, or dark spots. The skin of a healthy plant is difficult to peel.
You should also pay attention to the number of cloves in the onion. If there are too few of them, such heads are not recommended. This sign indicates degeneration of the crop.
After sorting the seeds, proceed to cutting the heads into cloves. Do this procedure 2-3 days before planting in the soil, otherwise the root ball may dry out. Be careful when removing the teeth so as not to damage their integrity. There must be visible traces of roots on the stem, otherwise the planting material will not germinate in the spring.
The peel should remain on the cloves, as this is the garlic's natural protection against pests and diseases. Additionally, removing the peel can damage the root ball.
Do I need to soak garlic before planting for the winter?
To ensure that the crop is not painful after germination, garlic is disinfected with special preparations before planting before winter.
- Why is processing needed?
Garlic is one of the foods that have antibacterial properties. However, like any type of vegetable, it requires pre-treatment before planting.
The use of special compounds allows you to eliminate the larvae of harmful insects that can tolerate low temperatures. Treatment is also necessary to reduce the risk of diseases after the crop sprouts.
Attention! Untreated garlic begins to turn yellow after germination and may dry out.
- Is it necessary to disinfect
The disinfection procedure is not necessary. However, with the help of pre-sowing preparation, the gardener reduces the risk of spoilage. Disinfected slices sprout in greater numbers.
- How long should you soak?
To prepare planting material, you need to know how much the solution can be used. The average soaking period is 12 hours. A longer period may negatively affect the condition of the teeth.
Useful tips
Each gardener has his own tricks and secrets for growing large garlic. Here are some useful tips:
- Regularly update planting material. Every three years, the plantings are rejuvenated by growing one-toothed bulbils from airy bulbs in advance.
- Breaking out the frogs allows you to get larger heads.
- It is advisable to leave several arrows on the bushes in order to determine the period of ripening and harvesting of the heads. The arrows are also useful for collecting air bulbs for landing.
- Observe planting dates, and then carefully care for the crop.
- Try several varieties on your plot, grow new selections. Many new productive varieties of winter garlic have been developed, characterized by frost resistance, large fruit, and resistance to diseases and pest attacks.
- When selecting a variety, take into account the recommendations of breeders and agronomists, your own experience, as well as the climatic conditions of the region.
Not so, it turns out, it’s difficult to prepare and plant winter garlic before winter. It is important not to confuse it with spring varieties, carry out all agrotechnical work in a timely manner, and next year an excellent crop harvest will be ensured!
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How to treat garlic in the fall against diseases and pests
Processing garlic allows the crop to survive the winter and reduce the risk of disease. Disinfection can be carried out with various preparations, depending on the individual preferences of the gardener.
Potassium permangantsovka
The use of manganese can effectively combat various types of diseases. For processing before sowing garlic, you need to prepare a light solution.
Soaking garlic in manganese
Place the teeth in the liquid so that the solution is 2-3 cm above the level of the planting material. Leave the cloves for 12 hours, then dry and use for planting in open ground. The soil can be treated with this solution during planting.
Treatment before planting in autumn
To improve the quality of the harvest, all planting material is processed shortly before planting. This will protect the crops from diseases that trigger the rotting process after harvesting.
There are several good and effective ways to protect the future harvest from all sorts of misfortunes, with the help of timely processing:
1. Treatment with a solution of potassium permanganate. To do this, make a very weak, slightly pink solution of the drug and soak the planting material in it for 1 hour. After the time has passed, the garlic should be immediately sent into the ground.
2. A weak solution of copper sulfate. Make a weak, or more precisely, 1% solution of the drug and soak the garlic for 10 hours. It is very convenient to do this in the evening, and in the morning place the garlic in the prepared soil.
3. Salt water. To do this, dissolve 3 full tablespoons of kitchen salt in 5 liters of water and soak the planting material for a couple of minutes. After this, all the slices are dipped in a weak solution of copper sulfate and immediately planted in the ground.
4. Triple processing. This method involves soaking garlic cloves in three solutions. For the first, dissolve a spoonful of nitroammofosk in a bucket of water and soak the garlic for 24 hours. The second solution is prepared by mixing 5 full tablespoons of water and 5 liters of water at room temperature. The planting material should be left in the resulting liquid for 25-30 minutes. For the third, final solution, mix 1 spoon of copper sulfate and 10 liters of water. Dip the slices for a minute and immediately send them to the ground for the winter.
5. Aqueous solution of ash. Mix ash and water at the rate of 1 spoon of product per 1 liter of water. Shake everything thoroughly, let it settle and drain off some of the water without sediment. Soak the garlic for 60 minutes.
6. The special processing agent “Maxim” also works well. This drug differs from similar ones in its antibiotic effect and is completely natural in origin. This fact allows you to maintain the performance of the product during the entire period of plant growth and maturation. To process, you need to take an ampoule of the product and combine it with a liter of water. The cloves are soaked in the resulting liquid for 30 minutes, and then sent into the ground. This solution can easily be used to disinfect onion crops, and then simply pour it onto the area with garlic.
7. Treatment with Fitolavin. Prevents bacterial infection of plants, and also protects against damage to roots by rot and fungi. By the way, Fitolavin is able to cure affected plants, for which it is considered an extremely effective remedy. The drug solution must be prepared according to the recommendations on the packaging.
8. Fitosporin-M. This drug is often used in the fall to protect garlic crops. The product is completely natural and its composition is based on spores of soil bacteria. Under the influence of moisture, such microorganisms begin to actively work, destroying pathogenic bacteria, including fungi. Such actions have a positive effect on plant immunity, making them more resistant to various damage. It should also be noted that Fitosporin-M significantly improves the quality of storage of garlic after harvesting. The drug is produced in liquid, powder and paste format. When preparing the solution, you must follow the instructions on the package. The garlic is soaked in the prepared solution for 60 minutes and then planted in the ground.
Pre-treatment of planting material is considered an important step and should not be skipped, of course, if you want to get a great harvest. With this treatment, you can well protect crops from the harmful effects of the environment, and will also significantly improve the quality of preservation of the entire crop.
Do I need to peel winter garlic before planting in the garden?
To plant garlic, the seed must be properly prepared. Before planting and disinfection, the head should be divided into slices.
How to clean your cloves
For further autumn propagation, it is necessary to use healthy heads without visible damage. The heads must be thoroughly dried and separated into cloves.
The teeth should also not have visible damage. The husks on them should not have stains or cracks. It is also necessary to carefully ensure that there is no damage to the root growth area.
Attention! For planting, you need to choose large teeth. Small specimens will contribute to the appearance of weak shoots and small heads.
It is also necessary to carefully ensure that there is no damage, since infected garlic can subsequently infect all the beds.
How to properly peel garlic cloves
Caring for the crop after planting
Sprinkle the planted garlic with soil or pre-prepared chopped compost. The top of the plantings is mulched, but at the same time they study the weather forecast. In the southern regions, mulching is not necessary; in the Moscow and Leningrad regions, as well as in Siberia and the Urals, shelters are indispensable.
If the forecast predicts warm weather, the beds are left without mulch, and only when cold weather approaches, the soil is sprinkled with peat, pine and spruce needles, and leaf litter. Rotted sawdust and compost are suitable. The thickness of the mulch is 10-12 cm.
On a note! When using litter, choose only clean, dry leaves, free from rot, mold and blackness.
In the northern regions, it is necessary to cover beds with garlic with film, roofing felt, spruce branches or agrofibre. Under such protection, the root system of the plants will be successfully formed, and the garlic will be reliably protected from the approaching cold weather.
With the onset of winter, it is recommended to additionally cover the plantings with snow. If the region has had little snow in the winter, you will have to think about additional shelter so that the winter garlic is not damaged by frost.
Autumn work has been completed. All that remains is to wait until spring, so that after the snow melts, the garlic beds can be freed from their shelters, leaving only a small layer of mulch.
Do I need to soak garlic before planting in spring?
Spring planting of the crop requires processing of the material in a manganese solution. This will promote the rapid appearance of sprouts.
Also, spring treatment helps reduce the risk of diseases. Experienced gardeners recommend treating seeds before spring planting, since during the winter the cloves may be attacked by pests that lay their larvae inside. Thus, after germination and head formation, the product may be subject to spoilage.
Planting winter garlic has a large number of advantages, which will further contribute to the appearance of a large harvest. In order for the crop to quickly sprout, it is necessary to properly process the planting material and observe all the features of planting in open ground.
What plants are best to plant after?
Garlic should be planted no more than 2 times in a row in the same place, otherwise the harvest will inexorably decrease from year to year. This plant can be planted in one place with a break of 3-4 years.
There is no need to plant garlic after onions and other root vegetables (carrots, celery, parsley), since these plants lead to a significant depletion of soil potassium reserves. In turn, soil for garlic is contraindicated after potatoes, tomatoes and peppers, since there is a high risk of infection with fusarium and nematodes.
But such annual vegetables as zucchini, pumpkins, eggplants, cucumbers, legumes and early cabbage will be good predecessors for winter garlic, which left behind soil enriched with organic matter as much as possible.
The proximity of strawberries has a positive effect on garlic. The area where manure was applied this year is unsuitable for growing this crop. On such soil, garlic is susceptible to fungal diseases and produces rich tops and flimsy heads.
The previous crop must be removed from the area intended for winter garlic no later than the end of July so that the soil has time to recover.
But after garlic, in order to regenerate the natural balance of the soil, annual plants such as mustard, rye and peas should be planted.
Treatment of garlic with phytosporin
This substance will help when you find signs of disease during the selection process on at least one clove. Fitosporin-M should be diluted in accordance with the recommendations on the package. You need to soak the garlic for 30 minutes. It is also worth watering the furrow with a solution of the drug before planting.
Advice. Instead of Fitosporin, you can use Maxim or another drug with a similar effect.
Another way to protect the future harvest is to heat it. To do this, place the cloves in the oven at 40-42°C. Heat the material for 9-12 hours. Both procedures are also appropriate as a preventive measure.
conclusions
It is important to know how to prepare garlic for planting in the fall. After all, the crop yield depends on the correct selection of planting material, preparation, processing of garlic before planting, and knowledge at what depth to plant garlic.
This will make sure nothing happens to the garlic. And with the onset of warmth in the new year, you will be able to reap a rich harvest.
