Over many years of cultivating plum trees, a huge variety of varieties have been created that differ in all sorts of parameters (in particular, the color of the plums themselves). Morning belongs to Yellow plums and is distinguished by the sunny color of the fruit. This culture has long been known to gardeners and is already considered a classic. It is characterized by stable yield and high taste of drupes.
History of the variety's creation
Plum is one of the most common fruit crops, which can often be found in both home and industrial gardens. Perhaps that is why the hybridization of this plant is receiving a lot of attention in various research institutes.
Description of the morning plum dates back to the late 80s of the last century. The variety was developed at the Institute of Horticulture of the State Scientific Institution VSTISP, located in Moscow. Famous breeders Kh. K. Enikeev, S. N. Satarova and V. S. Simonov worked on its breeding. In the process of creating a new variety of domestic plum, Skorospelka Krasnaya and Renclaude Ullens were crossed.
The result is a variety that is characterized by average winter hardiness and self-fertility. It was entered into the State Register in 1986 and zoned in the Central region (Moscow, Tula, Kaluga and other regions).
Further care
In the first year of growing a seedling, no pruning is usually done. Starting from the second year, it is necessary to carry out the formation of the crown
Particularly important is sanitary tree pruning, which is carried out to remove dried, severely damaged shoots, as well as branches with signs of serious disease.
It is recommended to save the furrow that was dug around the seedling during planting for irrigation for the future. Subsequently, each watering must be carried out directly into this recess. After each irrigation, it is recommended to loosen the soil to facilitate access of moisture and oxygen to the roots and at the same time get rid of weeds. Subsequent mulching is also mandatory, for which, in addition to the soil mixture, it is allowed to use peat or straw manure.
According to the description of the Ussuri plum, it does not tolerate the lack of moisture, as a result of which watering should be regular and carried out at least once every 1.5-2 weeks. About 10 liters of water are poured onto each plant.
The species is not resistant to pests and diseases. Typically, Ussuri plum is affected by diseases such as:
- gray rot;
- sooty fungus;
- rust;
- Clusterosporiosis;
- coccomycosis;
- root cancer;
- fruit rot.
The tree can be damaged by the following pests:
To protect the plant, it is customary to use appropriate fungicides and insecticides. The dosage and method of use are usually indicated on the packaging.
Fruiting of the plant most often begins in the 3-4th year of cultivation, and in the growing season it occurs at the end of August - beginning of September. When fully ripe, the fruits usually fall off quickly, so it is recommended to harvest them slightly unripe.
Important! When stored in an insulated room, they will reach the desired condition in 3-5 days and will be ready for use. Growing Ussuri plum is not difficult
With proper care, the harvest will be of high quality and high.
Growing Ussuri plum is not difficult. With proper care, the harvest will be of high quality and high.
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Main characteristics
Plum Morning is a medium-sized tree, 3-4 m high. It has a spherical, not too thick crown. The shoots are straight, thick, with smooth dark brown bark.
The foliage of the crown is not too abundant. The leaves have the standard size, color and shape for plum trees. But their thickness is comparatively greater than ordinary leaves. They have no edges, and the surface is wrinkled.
Flowering begins in the first ten days of May. Its duration is up to two weeks depending on weather conditions. The flowers are large and white. Appear on bouquet branches and spurs. The petals are not connected to each other.
Colored buds tolerate spring frosts well. Therefore, even if the air temperature drops below zero, they will be able to survive. This property explains the stable yield.
The culture is characterized by average winter hardiness. It is not recommended to be planted in northern latitudes. There is a high probability that if there is significant frost, its branches and roots will be severely damaged and will not recover. Drought resistance is also average, so during cultivation it is necessary to monitor the level of soil moisture.
Harvesting, storage and processing
The “Morning” variety, characterized by its compact size, makes it easier for gardeners to harvest. However, not all fruits can be collected without a ladder. When harvesting, do not bend the branches - they are very fragile and easily damaged.
If bends or cracks form, the branches will have to be removed subsequently, which will negatively affect the future harvest. Also, do not shake the tree - fallen fruits, especially overripe ones, may break.
If plums are harvested for consumption or direct processing, they must be ripe. The gardener must be careful not to collect unripe fruits. If plums are intended for transportation or storage, they are collected unripe. In the refrigerator, such fruits, when ripe, can remain marketable for up to two weeks. Then they become soft and lose their sweetness.
The Morning variety is considered a universal variety that can be consumed fresh or canned. Sweet green-yellow plums make excellent jams, confitures and marmalades. These plums can also be frozen well.
Description of fruits
Plums ripen in late July - mid-August. They have an oval shape and an average weight of 25-30 g. They may not ripen at the same time, so the harvesting process is extended over time. The color is yellow with a green tint and a slight blush on the side facing the sun. The fruits have a thin waxy coating that is easily erased.
The pulp is also yellow, juicy, and slightly fibrous. The taste of drupes is sweet and sour with a slight pleasant aroma. The sugar content is 8.2%, and free acids – 2.2%. Fruits are rich in vitamin C and other beneficial substances, so they are recommended to be consumed fresh.
According to the description of professional tasters, the taste of the fruit is rated 4 out of 5.
Severing the drupe from the stalk is dry. The skin is thin, almost invisible during eating. At the same time, transportability is quite high. Fruits can be transported over long distances without significant losses.
The variety can be used for various purposes. Plums are eaten in their natural form, frozen for the winter, and prepared into preserves, jams and compotes. They make juice, and some craftsmen also make alcoholic drinks.
Description of the tree and fruits
Description of the tree and fruit of the plum Morning:
- Tree. Medium height with a spherical, slightly raised crown. The average height is 3-3.5 m. The foliage and crown density are average. The leaves are round-oval, with jagged edges.
- Fruit. Oval, medium and large, weighing from 20 to 40 g. The main color is greenish-yellow. Fruits on which the sun falls have a pink outer color - “blush”. The skin is smooth, without pubescence, with a waxy coating. The yellow pulp has a pleasant, sweet and sour taste. Tasting score – 4 points out of 5. The stalk is of medium length, torn off from the fruit dry.
The sugar content in the “Morning” plum fruit is 8%, which is almost half that of the sweetest varieties, for example, Hungarian plums.
Productivity
Fruiting begins from the 5-6th year after planting in the ground. Productivity ranges from 15 to 20 kg per season, depending on the age of the plum and weather conditions. Fruiting is stable, but a rest period is noted once every 4 years. At this time, drupes appear on the branches, but there are not very many of them.
The lifespan of a tree is about 20 years. After this age, it stops producing crops.
Features and qualities
The Morning variety is an early ripening variety - the tree blooms in mid-May, and the first plums ripen by the beginning of August. This is a fast-bearing plum; its fruits ripen already in the 4-5th year after planting the seedling. The tree has a short lifespan - about 20 years.
One of the important features of the variety is the difficulty in identifying ripe fruits. When plums ripen, they hardly change color; you have to determine ripeness by touch.
Resistance to diseases and pests
The variety is resistant to most diseases affecting stone fruits - clasterosporia, fruit rot, moniliosis. The incidence of aphids and codling moths is high, while that of other pests is average.
Productivity
The Morning variety produces 15-30 kg of plums annually. Once every 4 years, the morning plum takes a short break from fruiting - there are fruits on the tree, but there are not many of them.
Like many plums, Utra's fruits ripen unevenly. This is especially convenient for amateur cultivation - fruit harvesting lasts almost a month. Garden owners have the opportunity to feast on plums for a long time, and make preparations gradually, as the fruits ripen.
Frost resistance
The variety is not frost-resistant. Even moderate frosts can cause damage to a tree - its shoots often freeze in the winter. But this minus is compensated by the rapid recovery of the culture. The tree tolerates spring frosts well - flower buds practically do not suffer from them.
The growing area of the variety is limited to the regions of the Central region - Moscow, Kaluga, Tula, etc. In more northern regions, in Siberia, in the Urals, this variety is not recommended to be grown - it lacks frost resistance.
Drought resistance
The variety cannot be called particularly resistant to drought; it is at an average level. The tree needs regular watering; without timely moistening, the yield decreases - some of the fruits may fall prematurely.
Pollination
The variety is self-fertile - this is one of its main advantages. For a tree to bear fruit, additional pollinating varieties are not needed. At the same time, the “Morning” plum itself is often used to increase the yield of other varieties.
Diseases and pests
The Morning variety has average immunity. It may be susceptible to the development of common plum diseases such as clasterosporiosis, fruit rot, rust, plum pockets and moniliosis. To prevent the appearance of diseases in early spring, it is recommended to spray with 3% Bordeaux mixture. This is a universal remedy that helps in the fight against various fungal diseases.
Resistance to attacks by parasites is 3 points. Most often, fruits and leaves are affected by sawflies, codling moths, plum aphids and weevils. For prevention and in case of attack by these pests, insecticides are used. You can also use folk remedies that show good results more as preventive methods.
Among the most effective and safe folk methods is attracting predatory insects to the garden - natural enemies of pests. These include ladybugs, hoverflies, ichneumon flies, etc. Beneficial insects are attracted to flowering plants, in particular, the umbellate family - dill, caraway, fennel, lovage, etc.
Plum Morning: description and characteristics of the variety
Homemade plum Morning: photo of the variety
Characteristic features in the structure of the variety:
- The tree is small in stature, the crown is rounded and raised. The size of the tree reaches from three to three and a half meters. There is not much foliage, the crown is moderately overgrown. The leaves are oval in shape, with ribbed edges.
- The fruit is round, ovoid, large, weighing from twenty to forty grams. The color of the plum is green mixed with yellow. A reddish blush can be observed on one side of the fruit. The peel is smooth, not rough, there is a layer of plaque. The contents inside are juicy, sweet with a hint of sourness. In terms of taste, it scores four out of five. The fruit stem is small in size and can be easily detached from the fruit.
The amount of sugar in fruit is about eight percent. This is two times less than in sweet plums.
Variety advantage
Yellow plum Morning ripens early, the inflorescence can be observed already at the end of spring, the first fruits ripen by the end of July. Fruiting begins four or five years after planting. Vegetation lives up to twenty years.
Many gardeners find it difficult to determine which fruit has ripened and which still needs to hang. This problem arose because ripened fruits do not differ in any way from unripe ones; ripeness can only be determined by touch.
- Disease tolerance
Homemade plum Morning carries a large number of diseases that affect vegetation, for example, clasterosporiasis, fruit rot, moniliosis. It does not tolerate attacks by aphids or codling moths, but can resist other pests.
- Harvest
The Utro plum harvest from one tree is from fifteen to thirty kilograms. Within four years, there is a certain break in fruiting, at which point a small number of plums ripen.
Among the majority of varieties in which fruit ripening does not occur at the same time, they include the Morning variety. For a summer resident, this is a plus; plums can be harvested within thirty days. With the help of this, the consumption of plums is stretched, as well as their cooking, so to speak, not all at once, but gradually. The gardener is not afraid that the fruits may spoil.
- Heat resistance
Plum Morning does not tolerate the cold season. Even the slightest cold snap can affect branches and buds. But recovery takes a minimal amount of time. The variety tolerates frosts in the spring normally, the buds are not injured.
The domestic plum variety Morning is grown in certain territories: Moscow, Kaluga, Tula regions and others. It is prohibited to plant the variety in the territories of the Urals and Siberia; in such areas, the climatic conditions are not entirely suitable for this crop.
Dryness tolerance is average. It is worth moistening the variety regularly; if you do not water it, this will affect the yield; some fruits may fall earlier, unripe.
- Plum pollinators Morning
The crop bears fruit independently - this is its advantage. To provide a good harvest, there is no need to plant neighboring pollinators with the Morning plum. But the Utro plum is used to increase the yield of other crops.
Advantages and disadvantages
Plum Morning has long been known to gardeners. It has many positive reviews and is actively grown by both professionals and beginners. Based on the description of the variety, the following strengths can be identified:
- small tree size with a compact crown;
- self-pollinating;
- high quality fruit;
- stable harvest.
Disadvantages include:
- low frost resistance;
- average immunity levels.
Reviews from gardeners about the Morning plum variety
Plum morning is known to many gardeners. But everyone has their own opinion about her.
- Svyatoslav Merkushin: “The Morning plum variety is one of the best for me. I grow it for food, canning, and in especially fruitful years, I sell some of the fruits. I like it for its simple, sweet taste, good aroma, and consistency of pulp. During cooking, ripe fruits always become soft, so if you need to get jam in pieces, you should pick it unripe. Growing is simple, there are no special problems.”
- Victoria Sidorova : “The Utro plum was already growing at the dacha when we bought it. I immediately liked it, since the plot was bought in late summer, and therefore I was able to taste several of the fruits. I was pleasantly surprised by the taste, and the smell of the fruit was pleasant. But over time, I began to notice shortcomings. For example, it is better to insulate it for the winter, since the branches have already frozen several times. And the harvest does not ripen simultaneously, but in parts. So the collection stretches over a long period.”
- Nadezhda Zhuravleva : “I love yellow plums, they are always preferable for me. But it was not possible to grow the Morning variety. The main thing I don’t like about it is that it is difficult to distinguish ripened fruits from unripe ones. And it does not always withstand frosts in winter and spring. So in the past, it often froze, and because of this, the yield was greatly reduced. Therefore, we decided to replace it with more profitable varieties.”
Landing
To plant plants in the ground, 1-2 year old seedlings with a well-developed root system are used. Planting is best done in early spring (before the buds open), since the crop is not frost-resistant, and the young tree may not survive the winter.
The location must be sunny and protected from cold winds. Plum is not too picky about soil, but grows best in loose, fertile soils. It does not tolerate stagnation of water and prefers soil with a neutral acidity level.
Acidic soil must be treated with dolomite flour or wood ash, which is added during digging.
A step-by-step description of planting a seedling in the ground is as follows:
- The pit is prepared in the fall. It is dug to a depth of 50 cm and a diameter of 70 cm. The top fertile layer is set aside to prepare the soil mixture.
- A thick stick is placed at the bottom, which will become a support for the fragile seedling.
- The pit is filled with a soil mixture, which consists of fertile soil, humus or compost, superphosphate and potassium chloride. When planting in loams and clay soils, river sand is additionally used.
- After the hole is filled, it is covered with a waterproof sheet and left alone until planting.
- Directly during the planting process, the hole is dug approximately in the middle and a mound is formed at the bottom. A seedling is placed on it on the north side of the support stick.
- The roots are straightened in different directions and dug in, carefully compacting the soil. In this case, the root collar should be 3-5 cm above ground level.
- The seedling is watered with 3-4 buckets of water. Water is added in portions so as not to turn the tree trunk circle into a swamp.
- The ground is mulched with peat or humus.
After planting, the seedling is not shortened. The first pruning will take place next season.
Agricultural technology
Plum Orlovskaya Dream
Important! The variety's resistance to drought is average, but its winter hardiness is rather weak. Productivity depends on frost, since the variety has the property of freezing. Flower buds are especially vulnerable in winter. However, even with severe freezing, the drain is restored quite quickly.
Yield depends on frost
Many believe that this variety can be planted both in spring and autumn. But more careful gardeners plant the Morning plum in early spring, when the soil has warmed up enough and the threat of unexpected frosts has disappeared. The place for planting the plum should receive enough sunlight, with slight shade allowed in the mornings or evenings. Therefore, the plum should be located on the south side, preferably closer to the fence or wall of a small building.
Landing rules
Groundwater must be at a depth of at least 1.5 m to the surface. The most suitable type of soil for plums is sandy loam or loam. Clay and sandy soils are enriched with nutrients, and high acidity is neutralized by adding lime. If the soil on the site is too damp, it is recommended to raise it by 60 cm and also provide drainage. Lack of light and excessive soil moisture cause sickness of the tree and poor harvest.
Preparing the holes should be done in the fall; this can be done a few weeks before planting. The depth of the hole is from 60 cm, the diameter is 60-70 cm. The soil dug out when forming the hole is mixed with humus (2:1), then the mixture is returned to the hole.
Preparation of pits should be carried out in the fall
It is good to plant a seedling with an open root system only in the spring, when there is no threat of frost. With a closed root system, planting is done in the fall. If the seedling is purchased in the fall, then it is necessary to dig it up and plant it in the spring. The plum tree is planted at a distance of at least 3 m from other plantings and obstacles. The seedling should not be buried. There should be a distance of about 7 cm from the soil surface to the root collar.
Note! To allow the tree to grow stronger, the first flowers are removed. Subsequently, when the ovaries appear, a thinning procedure is carried out to remove too small plums. This measure helps improve their taste and quality characteristics.
Care
The unpretentious variety Morning requires the usual procedures for all fruit trees: watering, pruning, fertilizing, loosening, weeding, preparing for winter.
Fertilizers
Before planting, you should not use strong fertilizers to avoid excessive activation of shoot growth, as well as burns to the plum root system. Experienced gardeners add a mixture of fertilizers from 2 buckets of humus, 100 g of potassium sulphide, 300 g of wood ash and 200 g of superphosphate into the pit.
A mixture of fertilizers should be added to the hole.
After a couple of years, the plum needs to be fed with nitrogen-phosphorus and mineral supplements. On the eve of flowering, plums need potassium sulfate and urea. It is enough to add 40 g. It is recommended to fertilize the tree at the stage of fruit ripening with 30 g of nitrophoska and 30 g of urea. After the harvest is harvested, you should feed the plum with superphosphate and potassium sulfate, 30 g each will be enough. Pre-winter feeding is done using organic matter with the addition of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
Watering
Plums of any variety need abundant watering with slightly warmed water. The variety Morning belongs to the category of moisture-loving. It directly requires the following watering regime:
- a drain height of up to 2 m requires 2-4 buckets of water per week;
- a tree over 2 m needs 5-6 buckets of water per week.
During the dry period, before wintering, the tree is watered with 100 liters of water. Each watering should end with weed removal, loosening, and mulching.
Trimming
The formation of a neat crown occurs by pruning dried, frozen branches growing inward. The branches of a 2-year-old seedling are pruned before it is one year old. The maximum amount of pruning is one quarter of the entire crown. The root shoots are also removed regularly (4-5 times throughout the summer). This procedure allows the tree to become stronger and increase its yield. To reduce the frequency of removing shoots, you need to separate the shoots directly from the roots themselves, after carefully digging out the soil.
Trimming
If thick branches have been pruned, then the cut areas must be treated with garden varnish. Cut branches should be burned. The procedure is carried out in early spring, before the leaves begin to bloom, or in the summer.
Preparing for winter
Due to the fact that the level of winter hardiness of plums is low, it is necessary to carefully prepare the tree for winter. Covering the plum with agrofibre, trampling snow around the trunk, and shaking off excess snow from the branches helps preserve the plum. Young seedlings should be mulched with horse manure before covering. In an adult plum tree, it is necessary to protect the trunk circle, trunk, and branches. To protect the tree from rodents, use a protective mesh.
Resistance to diseases and pests
Yellow plum Morning has good resistance to fruit rot and klyasterosporiosis. The variety is slightly less resistant to pests: aphids, codling moths. To protect an already damaged tree, spraying is used with the following preparations: Fufanon, Inta-Vira, Iskra bio. If the Utro plum is affected by fruit rot, it is sprayed with Nitrafen or a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture. As a preventive measure, dig up the soil in the tree trunk area before the buds begin to bloom.
Care
The Morning variety requires the implementation of standard agrotechnical measures. It is important to carry them out regularly so that the young plant takes root well and produces a bountiful harvest in the future.
Watering
This crop is moisture-loving, so it needs intensive watering. The soil must be moistened 40 cm deep. To do this, you can use a drip irrigation system, or add water into the trench of the tree trunk in portions.
A young tree requires 3-4 buckets of water every week. After it grows more than 2 m, the amount of water is increased to 5-6 buckets. During the rainy season, watering is reduced so as not to over-moisten the soil.
After each watering, weeds should be removed, the soil around the tree trunk should be loosened and mulched. Mulch will retain moisture for a longer period.
In the fall, the plum tree needs recharging watering before wintering. About 100 liters of water are used for it.
Trimming
The Morning plum is pruned from the second year after transplanting into the ground. Pruning is done in early spring before sap flow begins. In the first 2-3 years of a young tree, the crown is formed, for which a few of the best skeletal branches are left, which are cut off by a third. The rest are deleted. Additionally, damaged and frostbitten shoots are cut off. And also those that grow inside the crown and compete with skeletal branches.
No more than a quarter of the branches from the entire crown should be pruned.
In addition, in the summer, root shoots are regularly removed. To do this, you need to carefully dig up the ground and cut out the shoots directly at the root.
You cannot break off branches, as the plant does not tolerate such a procedure very well. For pruning, you must use well-sharpened garden tools.
Top dressing
There is no need to apply fertilizer in the first two years. In the future, several feedings will need to be carried out during the season:
- in early spring and after flowering - potassium sulfate + nitrogen fertilizers;
- during the ripening of drupes - nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (nitrophoska);
- after harvest - superphosphate;
- in the fall - phosphorus-potassium fertilizing and once every 3 years organic matter for digging.
Wintering
According to the description, the Morning plum is not highly winter-hardy, so it must be well covered. The young plant is insulated with burlap or agrofibre. And in an adult they protect the standard. In any case, in the fall it is necessary to mulch the tree trunk circle with organic matter, peat or other mulch with a layer of 10-15 cm.
An excellent covering material is spruce branches, which will not only protect the tree from freezing, but also protect it from rodents.
Caring for a planted tree
If the tree is planted in the fall, then all agrotechnical measures are postponed until spring. Seedlings planted in spring need immediate care.
Features of caring for a planted tree:
- Watering. Compared to mature trees, seedlings need increased moisture. Watering frequency is weekly. Heavy rains can make adjustments to the watering schedule. Water the seedlings with non-cold water - it must be heated in the sun. When watering, it is important to maintain a balance - the soil should not dry out, but water should not stagnate.
- Trimming. If the seedling is planted in the spring, its top is cut off. In spring and autumn, pruning is carried out to form the crown.
- Feeding. If planting is done with the application of fertilizers, then the tree does not need to be fed for the first two years.
- Preparing for winter. The seedling is covered with spruce branches, the trunk circle is mulched with a thick layer of humus or compost. Wrap with fine mesh metal mesh to keep rodents away.
The first flowers that appear on the tree are cut off - this is done to save the plant’s strength. In the first years, all energy should be directed to growth and expansion, and not to fruit formation.
Reviews
Igor Seleznev, Moscow region: I planted Morning on my plot 8 years ago, and have never regretted it. It blooms beautifully and brings a good harvest. Fruits annually and abundantly. The fruits are sweet and juicy. Tolerates winter well.
Anzhelika Karlovna, Vladimir: There are several plums growing on the site. Morning is a pollinator for them. My review of this variety is positive. The seedling has taken root well, is easy to care for and does not get sick.
Ekaterina Kuznetsova, Kolomna: I planted a seedling Morning in the spring, but in winter it still froze a little. Although it was covered. Doesn't recover too quickly. You may have to remove it completely.
Reproduction of the variety
Plum Morning propagation is carried out in several ways:
- cuttings growing from the roots. They are dug up at a distance of 1-1.5 m, planted in April under a film, watered, and planted in the garden in the fall;
- shoots growing from the roots. In the fall, part of the root is cut off and planted separately;
- by grafting - shoots for this are purchased at the market or cut from one of the trees growing on the site;
- seeds.
The best varieties of Ussuri plum and their description
Among the popular varieties, which are distinguished by their relative ease of care and high yield, it is worth noting.
Covenant
Plum is a medium-ripening plant; the growing season is 60 days from the moment of flowering. It is recommended to grow it in regions with a temperate climate. Varietal characteristics: the tree is medium-sized (4-5 meters), the crown is wide pyramidal, the color of its shoots is burgundy, the color of the wood is brown.
The round purple fruits have a dense layer of waxy coating. The productivity indicators of the variety reach 60 kilograms per planting.
Festive
This variety attracts attention with lush and abundant flowering. The tree has a high degree of frost resistance (up to -40 degrees), yield indicators are almost 20 kilograms (from one planting)
Despite the small size of the fruits, their taste is quite pleasant, harmonious, and the aroma is pronounced. The Prazdnichnaya plum enters the fruiting phase 4-5 years after planting in a permanent place.
Ural prunes
The crown of the plant is large and spreading. The height of the tree is about 2 meters, the yield is high, fruiting is stable. The consumer qualities of the fruit are excellent, tasting score 4.6 points. The weight of black and red plums is 12-16 grams. Winter hardiness is good.
Ussuri late
A distinctive feature of the variety are sweet and juicy fruits with a slight sourness. The harvest takes place in the second half of August. The tree produces fruits abundantly and periodically.
The variety shows high productivity when grown on moist and clay soil; it does not tolerate an acidic environment, in which it gets sick and bears little fruit. Resistance to low temperatures is high.
Ussuri early
The plant is intended for cultivation in regions with cold climates, where the period of low temperatures is quite long. Its crown is spreading, the fruits are small with yellow flesh and a fibrous structure. There is no bitterness in plums.
Vesta
Mid-season Ussuri plum performs well when grown in cold regions. The round, red fruits have a whitish coating visible. The consumer characteristics are high: the pulp is sweet and juicy, the sourness is not noticeable, the aroma is pronounced.
The harvest is carried out at the end of summer. The tree is not afraid of sub-zero temperatures and bears fruit consistently and abundantly.
Golden Niva
The two-meter planting forms a crown in the form of a deep basket. Fruiting occurs every year, the fruits are harvested in August. For pollination, varieties such as Red Ball, Russian Plum, and Skoroplodnaya should be located next to the Golden Niva.
The color of the pulp and skin is yellow, like a nectarine. Plums are distinguished by their juiciness, sweet taste and delicate structure. The bone is easily separated. Reviews about the variety are predominantly positive.
Yolk
The color of the fruit is bright yellow, round in shape, slightly flattened at the top. The taste characteristics of the variety are excellent: the pulp is sweet and juicy, the aroma is pronounced. The plant is endowed with sufficient immunity in relation to major ailments and parasitic individuals.
The variety is actively cultivated in regions with harsh winters, including the Urals. The planting site should be chosen in well-lit clearings, with nutritious soil and neutral acidity.
Ussuri plum is an excellent option for regions with cold climates and frequent temperature changes. Even a novice gardener can grow an abundantly fruiting tree. To obtain good results, it is enough to follow the basic recommendations for planting, care and give preference to frost-resistant varieties.
Uses of plum fruit
Plums are consumed fresh, dried, dried, pickled, processed into preserves, jams, marshmallows, juices, compotes, and sauces.
The healthiest option is to consume the fruits fresh and in the form of prunes. Any varieties are suitable for fresh consumption, but the best for drying are “Hungarian”, “Azhanskaya”, “Ugorka”, “Berton” and some others. Before drying, the fruits are blanched (immersed in boiling water for 1-2 minutes), then dried under the sun or in a dryer. Store in fabric bags.
It has been established that prunes have high antibacterial properties, which helps to improve the health of the oral cavity and intestines. Being a source of potassium, it strengthens the nervous system and restores the circulatory system, maintaining the water-salt balance of the body.
Characterized by a high content of antioxidants (prunes have more antioxidants than raisins, figs, dates), it increases the body's protective functions. Prunes are also used externally - in the form of applications on calluses.
The healthiest option is to consume the fruits fresh and in the form of prunes. Mental Floss
Features of cultivation and care
The drought resistance of the Morning variety is average.
The winter hardiness of the variety is low. During severe frosts, the branches are moderately affected. Damage to flower buds in winter is severe, and partial damage during spring frosts. If the tree freezes quite severely, it quickly recovers.
Infection with fruit rot, clasterosporia blight is rare, aphids and codling moths are a little more common.
When choosing a place for planting, choose a bright and non-flooded area. If there is not enough light, and there is too much moisture, the tree will be sick, and the harvest will be meager, small-fruited and unsweetened. If the soil dampness is increased, the area is increased by 60 centimeters and additional drainage is performed.
The seedling can be planted near a fence or low building. The tree should be located on the south side. For plums, the best soil for planting is sandy loam or loam. If the soil is clay or sandy, it is necessary to enrich the soil with useful substances. Acidity should be neutral and if the indicators increase, additional liming is required.
If the seedling is in a container, planting can be done in the fall; if the root system is open, the tree can only be planted in the spring. When buying a tree in the autumn, you need to dig it up and plant it in the spring. The branches of spring seedlings are pruned. The roots must not be touched! The root system must be healthy and strong.
The pit is made according to the scheme 60 by 70 and 60 centimeters. Depending on the soil, the necessary fertilizers are selected. Humus (2 buckets), potassium sulphide (100 grams), superphosphate (200 grams) and wood ash (300 grams) are added. The tree is covered with a fertile mixture of soil and fertilizers, trampled down and watered.
The distance between landings and other obstacles must be at least 3 meters. When planting, the seedling should not be buried. The root collar should be located at a height of 7 centimeters above the ground.
After 2 years, fertilizing is done with mineral and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers. Before flowering, the tree must add urea and potassium sulfate (40 grams each). During the ripening period, nitrophoska and urea (30 grams each) are added under the tree. After harvesting, potassium sulfate and superphosphate (30 grams each) are introduced. Before winter, organic matter is added.
The first flowers on the tree are picked. This procedure makes it easier for the tree to grow and not waste plums on fruit formation. Then, when the ovary appears, the small fruits are thinned out to improve the quality and taste of the plums.
Watering is done at least 4 times a month. The water must be heated. Watering in early to mid-summer is very important for proper fruit formation. During drought, about 100 liters of water are poured under the tree before wintering. After each watering, the soil is weeded, loosened and mulched.
When basal shoots appear, they are cut off near the ground. For the winter, young seedlings are mulched with horse manure and covered with non-woven material. In an adult tree, the trunk circle, trunk and branches are protected. The roots are protected by mulch. The trunk and thick branches are whitened. To protect against rodents, the trunk is covered with a protective net.
Pruning is done in late autumn or early April. It improves the quality of fruits and protects the tree from diseases. On a two-year-old seedling, the branches are cut off before one year of age. It is not recommended to leave hemp behind when cutting into a ring. Branches that reach the ground are cut off. Annual thinning of branches and shoots is carried out. Weak and crooked shoots should not be left. Complete pruning should not exceed 1/4 of the total volume of branches. When the tree reaches 2.5 meters in height, upward growth is limited. The crown should be spreading and well lit. Branches located upward should not interfere with branches growing to the side and are removed.
The lifespan of the Morning plum is 21 years. The plum variety Utro is highly self-fertile and grows without an additional pollinator. It is quite often used as a pollinator. Productivity does not depend on weather conditions and always gives good results. The variety is universal, suitable for fresh consumption, processing, and freezing. The fruits do not deteriorate during transportation.
PLUM falls, why and what to do? - video
https://youtube.com/watch?v=v4Y2NHZWO90
What's good about this variety? It does not require pollination and bears fruit on its own. The harvest is harvested every 3 years, then the tree rests and bears fruit again.
I like Morning Plum because of its pleasant and refreshing taste. The fruits are so tasty that there is simply nothing left for preparations. I have been growing this variety for 15 years and, unfortunately, I will soon need to replace the tree with a new one.
